CONNECTORS / CONJUNCTIONS - TN THPT

Unit 9 – DESERTS Language Focus
CONJUNCTION (Liên từ)
I. Khái niệm: Liên từ (Conjuntion) là từ dùng để kết nối các từ, cụm từ hoặc các câu có quan hệ với
nhau về mặt ý nghóa.
Ex: and (và), but (nhưng), or (hoặc)…
II. Phân loại và cách sử dụng: có 4 nhóm liên từ chính:
1. Liên từ nối từ với từ, cụm từ với cụm từ: Dùng để nối các từ, nhóm từ có chức năng giống nhau
(Noun – Noun / Verb – Verb / Adjective – Adjective / Adverb – Adverb / Pronoun – Pronoun)
a. Liên từ đơn :gồm:
and but or nor both
Ex: The man is kind and generous. ( Ông ấy tử tế và phóng khoáng)
(Adjective – Adjective)
- The country lane was narrow, steep and muddy. (Con đường làng thì hẹp, dốc và lầy lội) .
- In my spare time, I enjoy reading novels or watching T.V. (Vào thời gian rãnh rỗi, tôi thích đọc sách
hoặc xem T.V)
- I looked for my book but couldn’t find it. (Tôi đã mãi tìm quyển sách nhưng không thấy nó)
Verb – Verb
- These shoes are old but comfortable. (Những đôi giày này cũ nhưng thoải mái)
b. Liên từ kép: gồm
not only … but also …; both … and… ; either … or … ; neither … nor …
EX: - I have met both his father and his mother. (Tôi đã gặp cả cha và mẹ của anh ấy)
- On Friday evening, I either go to the cinema or stay at home and watch TV. (Vào tối thứ sáu, tôi
hoặc là đi xem phim hoặc là ở nhà và xem TV.
- George neither wrote nor phoned. (George đã không viết thư cũng không gọi điện)
- Here are not only clean but also easy to park. (Ở đây không những sạch sẽ mà còn dễ đậu xe)
Liên từ đơn Liên từ kép
And (và)
But (nhưng)
Or (hoặc)
Nor (cũng không)
Both (cả hai)

not only …but also (không những … mà
còn)
both… and (cả … và)
either … or (hoặc… hoặc)
neither … nor (không … cũng không)
2. Liên từ nối mệnh đề với mệnh đề : nếu dùng liên từ ở mệnh đề trước rồi thì KHÔNG được dùng
liên từ ở mệnh đề sau và ngược lại.(ngoại trừ liên từ cặp)
Tài liệu dùng kèm SGK 12
Unit 9 – DESERTS Language Focus
3. Liên từ nối cụm từ với mệnh đề :
LIÊN TỪ NỐI CỤM TỪ MỆNH ĐỀ SAU
Because of (bởicó)
Due to (do có)
Thanks to (nhờ có)
Because of
Nguyên nhân
Ex :
the cold weather
Kết qủa
, I didn’t go swimming.
Tài liệu dùng kèm SGK 12
LIÊN TỪ NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ TRƯỚC LIÊN TỪ NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ SAU
Because, since, as (bởi
vì)
So …………that
Such …… that
(quá ……….đến nỗi)
Because
Because
Nguyên nhân

S + V + So + Adj/Adv
S + V + Such + N- Phrase
( Art + Adj + Noun)
Ex :
He was such a kind person
It was so cold
the weather was cold
The weather was cold
I want to get a better job.
So (vì thế)
that
that
that
that
, so
Kết qủa
+ Clause
+ Clause
everyone likes him
we stopped playing
, I didn’t go swimming.
I didn’t go swimming.
I'm learning English
Although (mặc dù)
(Even) though
Even if
However + Adj/Adv
= No matter how +
Adj/Adv(dù đi nữa)
Whether …or not (dù

… hay không)
While (trong khi)
Sự tương phản
Ex:
Whether you tell them or not
Hung studied very hard
,but
, yet (nhưng)
,but / yet
Sự tương phản
They will find out the truth
He still failed the exam
If (nếu)
Only if (chỉ với điều
kiện)
Even if (nếu)
Unless (nếu không)
Provided that (miễn
là)
Providing that (miễn
là)
Điều kiện
If I were you
We must run
Otherwise (nếu không thì)
Or = Or else (nếu không
thì)
,otherwise
Kết quả
I would take a taxi to the airport.

we will be late
Việc thực hiện
She brought a lot of money
with her
Take your money with you
In order that (để mà)
So that(để mà)
In case (để phòng khi)
so that
in case
Mục đích
she could buy some duty-free
goods.
you see any good souvenirs to buy
Unit 9 – DESERTS Language Focus
In spite of
Despite
Sự tương phản
Ex: Whether you tell them or not
Sự tương phản
They will find out the truth
Without (nếu không có)
But for (nếu không có)
Without
Điều kiện
your help
Kết quả
, I would have got lost
4. Liên từ nối câu với câu:
CÂU TRƯỚC LIÊN TỪ NỐI CÂU SAU

Nguyên nhân
Ex :
She felt tired
. Therefore, (Vì thế)
. Consequently ,(vì thế)
As a result (Kết quả là)
; as a result
Kết qủa
she went to bed early
Sự tương phản
Ex:
Mary was happy
Mary was happy
. Nevertheless, (Thế nhưng)
. Whereas (thế nhưng)
. Nonetheless, (Thế nhưng)
. However, (Tuy nhiên)
. On the other hand, (Mặt khác)
.On the contrary (Ngược lại)
. (But) In fact (thật ra)
. However,
Sự tương phản
Alice was sad
. Alice, however, was sad
Ý thứ nhất
Ex:
I don’t want to go shopping
Besides (Ngoài ra)
In addition (Thêm vào đó)
Moreover (Hơn nữa)

Furthermore (Hơn nữa)
In fact (thật vậy)
Also (Cũng vậy)
. Besides,
Ý bổ sung
I don’t have any money.
EX: Because the weather was cold, I didn’t go swimming.
I went swimming even though the weather was cold.
EX: It was cold. However, I still went swimming.
It was cold. I , however, sill went swimming.
EX: Mary is rich, but John is poor.
EX: Because of the cold weather, I didn’t go swimming.
I went swimming in spite of the cold weather.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASONS, RESULTS AND CONCESSION
I/ Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence
1. Mai worked hard , ______ she passed her exam .
a. so b. although c. because d. though
2. _____ she was very tired , she helped her brother with his
homework .
a. Because b. whether c. Although c. so
Tài liệu dùng kèm SGK 12
Unit 9 DESERTS Language Focus
3. Its raining hard , _____ we cant go to the beach .
a. or b. but c. so d. though
4. Nam was absent from class yesterday ____ he felt sick .
a. so b. because c. although d. but
5. Tom has a computer , _____ he doesnt use it .
a. or b. as because d. but
6. The boy cant reach the shelf ____ hes not tall enough.
a. because b. although c. even though d. and

7. The film was boring , ____ we went home .
a. so b. when c. but c. if
8. The girl bought the shoes _____ they are very expensive .
a. but b. if c. so d. although
9. He used to smoke a lot ______ now he doesnt smoke any
more .
a. still b. therefore c. but d. as
10. She couldnt unlock it ______ she had the wrong key .
a. while b. but c. though d. because
11. ____ it rained , the boys played football .
a. Even b. Even though c. However d. In spite of
12. It was still painful , ____ I went to see a doctor .
a. so b. however c. but d. or
13. Lan likes oranges _____ her sister doesnt .
a. but b. as c. so because
14. Nam failed the final exam _____ he was lazy .
a. while b. though c.because d. but
15. Hes tired _____ he stayed up late watching TV.
a. and b. or c. if d. since
16. Jim can speak English _____ French fluently .
a. also b. but also c. and d. so
17. _______ the traffic , I arrived on time .
a. Though b. Although b. Even though d. In spite of
18. ______ they live near us , we can see them very often .
a. So b. As c. Though d. Even
19. ______ I was really tired , I couldnt sleep .
a. If b. Although c. While D. However
20. We watched TV the whole evening ______ we had
nothing better to do .
a. because b. though c. so d. but

21. Its cheap , _____ I dont like it .
a. and b. because c. so d. however
22. ______ it was late , I decided to phone Brian.
a. Despite b. However c. In spite of d. Though
23. The little boy was hungry ______ he ate nothing .
a. although b. so c. but d. and
24. ______ the car was cheap , it was in good condition .
a. Although b. Because c. As d. If
25. ______ tomorow is a public holiday , all the shops will
be shut .
a. As b. Just as c. Although d. When
26. She came in _____ turned on the radio .
a. so b. and c. or d. but
27. We didnt go for a walk _____ it was very cold .
a. though b. because c. but d. so
28. ______ I tried to persuade her , I didnt succeed .
a. Because b. So c. Although d. However
29. Lan woke up late _____ she didnt have time for
breakfast
a. so b. since c. as d. though
30. I like fish ____ I dont like catching them myself .
a. or b. but c. so d. and
31. He had an accident ____ he was careful .
a. even though b. because c. so d. since
32. _____ it was raining , I went swimming .
a. So b. Because c. However d. Although
33. Ann felt ill , ____ she insisted on going to work .
a. though b. so c. and d. but
34. _____ I felt tired , I went to bed early .
a. Although b. So c. As d. However

35. _____ hes got an English name , he is German .
a. Although b. However c. Because d. Since
36. They decided not to go out for a meal _____ they were
too tired .
a. so b. because c. but d. if
37. We were the better team ____ we lost the match .
a. so b. and c. but d. because
38. Keith decided to give up his job ___ I advised him not
to
a. because b. however c. although d. since
39. ______ we were in town , we often met him .
a. For b. Although C. So d. When
40 . She didnt get the job ____ she had all the necessary
qualifications .
a. because b. although c. so d. but
41. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry .
a. even though b. in spite
c. despite d. in spite the fact that
42. In pite _____ , the baseball game was not cancelled .
a. the rain b. of the rain
c. it was raining d. there was a rain
43. ___ he had enough money , he refused to buy a new
car .
a. In spite b. In spite of c. Despite d. Although
44. ______ , he walked to the station .
a. Despite being tired b. Although to be tired
c. In spite being tired d. Despite tired
45. The children slept well , despite _____
a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise
d. noisy

46. She left him __________ she still loved him .
a. even if b. even though c. in spite of d. despite
47. _______ her lack of hard work , she was promoted .
a. In spite b. Even though c. in spite of d. despite of
48. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like .
a. Although b. Even c. Despite d. In spite of
Taứi lieọu duứng keứm SGK 12