AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES IN THE MEKONG DELTA - VIET NAM ppt

1
AQUACULTURE
AQUACULTURE
& FISHERIES
& FISHERIES
IN THE MEKONG DELTA
IN THE MEKONG DELTA
-
-
VIET NAM
VIET NAM
:
:
A
A
focuss
focuss
on inland
on inland
aquaculture
aquaculture
&
&
inland capture fisheries
inland capture fisheries
Dr. Nguyen Thanh Phuong
Dr. Nguyen Thanh Phuong
College of Aquaculture and Fisheries
College of Aquaculture and Fisheries
Can Tho University, Viet Nam
Can Tho University, Viet Nam

Paper presented at the international workshop on:
Paper presented at the international workshop on:
Asian Water Environment at the University of Tokyo
Asian Water Environment at the University of Tokyo
26.3.2003
26.3.2003
2
Content of presentation
Content of presentation
1. Introduction to the Mekong delta
2. Ecological conditions
3. Inland capture fisheries
• Inland aquaculture
• Conclusion
3
Introduction to
Introduction to
the Mekong delta,
the Mekong delta,
Viet Nam
Viet Nam
4
Map of the Mekong delta
•
Total natural land area: 4 million ha (#12% of country), in which
•
coastal area: 1.37 million hectares
•
inland area: 1.77 million hectares
Map of Viet Nam

Map of Viet Nam
5
Total water surface used for
Total water surface used for
aquaculture
aquaculture
by 2001
by 2001
289391
453583
547105
755178
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1995 2001
Aquaculture area (ha)
Mekong Delta Viet Nam
(
(
General Statistics Office
General Statistics Office
, 2001)
, 2001)
6
0
100
200

300
400
500
600
700
800
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
Production (x 1,000 MT)
Viet Nam
Mekong delta
Production of inland capture fisheries and
Production of inland capture fisheries and
aquaculture
aquaculture
in the Mekong delta &
in the Mekong delta &
Viet
Viet
Nam
Nam
In 2001:
In 2001:
Inland
Inland
aquaculture
aquaculture
areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta)
areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta)
Inland

Inland
aquaculture
aquaculture
production: 248,468 MT (56 % of the delta)
production: 248,468 MT (56 % of the delta)
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Ecological Conditions
Ecological Conditions
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• Flat & low-lying region
• Dense rivers & canals (# 5,000 km)
• Affected heavily by water flow & sea tides
• Flooded annually:
•
flood water flow: 40,000-42,000 m
3
/s
•
large amount of sediments and aquatic seeds brough into the delta
•
flood duration: from 2-6 months
•
flood water level: 1-4 m
•
coverage areas: 1.4-1.9 million hectares (8/12 provinces)
How to utilize flood water is a question?
Major Characteristics of the MD (1)
Major Characteristics of the MD (1)
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• Climate is governed by monseasonal regime > seperated

wet season (May - Oct.) & dry season (Nov. - April).
• Mekong delta can be divided into different ecological
zones based on flood level, acidity & salinity >
aquaculture & fisheries development must reflect to this
Major characteristics of the MD (2)
Major characteristics of the MD (2)
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Major water bodies can be utilized for
Major water bodies can be utilized for
inland capture fisheries &
inland capture fisheries &
aquaculture
aquaculture
Rice fields Ponds
Rivers
Flooded rice fields
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Inland Capture Fisheries
Inland Capture Fisheries
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• Depending on the nature of habitats such as:
•
rivers, ponds & temporary flooded areas
•
targeted species
• Subsistence and seasonal activities, but importance to a
large number of households, particularly for households
in the annually flooded areas.
• Flooded areas are common property > free to every
ones to acess.

• Using mostly passive and simple fishing gears such as
set net,long line, short gillnet, trap, lift net, cast net,
stow net,
• Stow net is important for the exploitation of Cirrhinus
jullient, Notopterus chitala and off-spring/fingerling of
many species for culture (Pangasius catfishes).
Inland Capture Fisheries (2)
Inland Capture Fisheries (2)
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Cast net
Trap netLift net
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Inland
Inland
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
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Utilization of River Water for
Utilization of River Water for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
(1)
(1)
Large cage culture catfishes:
Large cage culture catfishes:
•
No .of cages: 5,000 cages (200-1,500 m
3
)
•

Stocking density: 70-150 fingerling/m
3
•
Culture species:
P. bocourti & P.
hypophthalmus
•
Feeds: home-made feeds & pellets
•
Yield: 90-150 kg/m
3
•
Number of crops: one per year
Cage cluster
Pangasius hypophthalmus
Pangasius bocourti
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Utilization of river water for
Utilization of river water for
aquaculture
aquaculture
(2)
(2)
Small cage
Small cage
aquaculture
aquaculture
of other species
of other species
•

•
barb (
barb (
Barbodes altus)
Barbodes altus)
•
•
snakehead
snakehead
(Chana micropeltes)
(Chana micropeltes)
•
•
goby
goby
(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)
(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)
Barbodes altus
Barbodes gonionotus
Chana micropeltes
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Utilization of River Water for
Utilization of River Water for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
(3)
(3)
Pen culture of catfish & prawn
•
Total area: few hundred hectares

•
Stocking density: 10-20 ind./m
2
•
Culture species:
P. hypophthalmus & giant
freshwater prawn
•
Feeds: home-made feeds and pellets
•
Yield: 50-75 MT/ha/crop (for catfish) & 3-5
MT/ha/crop for prawn
•
Number of crops: 1per year
Bamboo pen for catfish culture Bamboo pen for prawn culture
Giant freshwater prawn (M.
rosenbergii)
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Trash fish Feed cooking
Semi auto-feeding
Feeds and feeding for catfishes
O
Feed ingredients: based on local supply
O
Feeds: self-prepared feed + commercial pellets
O
Feeding: manual + semi-auto
O
Low costs but seasonal quality variation
Feeding base

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A diagram of aquaculture combined with rice production
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
rice crop 1
(rice crop 2)
Integrated prawn/fish & rice crop 2
Prawn/Fish culture during flood period
flooded period (rice crop 3)
Prawn/fish culture without rice crop 2
Rice cropping pattern
Utilization of Rice Fields &
Utilization of Rice Fields &
Flooded Rice Fields for
Flooded Rice Fields for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
(1)
(1)
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Integrated fish/prawn & rice production
Integrated fish/prawn & rice production
•
•
Total area: approximately 4,000 ha
Total area: approximately 4,000 ha
•
•
Stocking density: 2
Stocking density: 2
-

-
5 individual/m
5 individual/m
2
2
•
•
Culture species: prawn, barbs, common carps, tilapia, catfishes
Culture species: prawn, barbs, common carps, tilapia, catfishes
•
•
Feed: manure, trash fish, snail, home
Feed: manure, trash fish, snail, home
-
-
made feeds
made feeds
•
•
Yield:
Yield:
0.4
0.4
-
-
0.8 tons/ha/crop (fish)
0.8 tons/ha/crop (fish)
0.3
0.3
-

-
0.5 tons/ha/crop (prawn)
0.5 tons/ha/crop (prawn)
•
•
Number of crop: One crop per year (4
Number of crop: One crop per year (4
-
-
6 months)
6 months)
Utilization of Rice Fields &
Utilization of Rice Fields &
Flooded Rice Fields for
Flooded Rice Fields for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
(2)
(2)
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Alternative fish/prawn & rice production
Alternative fish/prawn & rice production
•
•
Total area: varying yearly, but being increased
Total area: varying yearly, but being increased
•
•
Stocking density: 5
Stocking density: 5

-
-
10 ind./m
10 ind./m
2
2
•
•
Species: prawn, snakeskin gouramy, climbing perch
Species: prawn, snakeskin gouramy, climbing perch
•
•
Feed: manure, trash fish, snail, home
Feed: manure, trash fish, snail, home
-
-
made feeds
made feeds
•
•
Yield: 0.6
Yield: 0.6
-
-
0.9 tons/ha/crop
0.9 tons/ha/crop
•
•
Number of crop: one crop per year
Number of crop: one crop per year

Rice farming in dry season
Fish/prawn culture in wet season
Utilization of Rice Fields &
Utilization of Rice Fields &
Flooded Rice Fields for
Flooded Rice Fields for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
(3)
(3)
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Pen culture of prawn & fishes
Pen culture of prawn & fishes
•
•
Total area: a couple of thousands of ha
Total area: a couple of thousands of ha
•
•
Stocking density: 5
Stocking density: 5
-
-
15 ind./m
15 ind./m
2
2
•
•
Culture species: prawn & fishes

Culture species: prawn & fishes
•
•
Feed: golden snail, trash fish,
Feed: golden snail, trash fish,
homhe
homhe
-
-
made feeds
made feeds
•
•
Yield: 3
Yield: 3
-
-
5 tons/ha/crop
5 tons/ha/crop
•
•
Number of crops: one per year (4
Number of crops: one per year (4
-
-
6 months)
6 months)
Net pen for prawn culture
Net pen for prawn culture
Utilization of Rice Fields &

Utilization of Rice Fields &
Flooded Rice Fields for
Flooded Rice Fields for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
(1)
(1)
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Pond culture of catfish
Pond culture of catfish
•
Total area: 2,000 ha
•
Stocking density: 10-20 fingerling/m
2
•
Species:
P. hypophthalmus
•
Feeds: Home-made feeds & pellet
•
Yield: 100-150 ton/ha/crop
•
Number of crops: 1.5-2 per year
Pond & feeding
Feeding base
Utilization of Pond Water for
Utilization of Pond Water for
Aquaculture
Aquaculture

(1)
(1)
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• Inland aquaculture is dominated by large-scale catfishes &
prawn farming. These two commodities play an important
role in regional & national economic development
• Inland capture fisheries, which is operated as
subsistence
and seasonal activities, & s
mall-scale aquaculture are
important in poverty alleviation
• Flood-water influences both inland aquaculture & inland
capture fisheries > utilization of flood-water for
aquaculture & capture fisheries are very important.
Water management for the Mekong Delta must reflect
Water management for the Mekong Delta must reflect
the inland capture fisheries and
the inland capture fisheries and
aquaculture
aquaculture
Conclusion
Conclusion
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Thank you for
Thank you for
your attention
your attention