Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P1 pptx

Practical TCP/IP and
Ethernet Networking
Titles in the series

Practical Cleanrooms: Technologies and Facilities (David Conway)
Practical Data Acquisition for Instrumentation and Control Systems (John Park,
Steve Mackay)
Practical Data Communications for Instrumentation and Control (Steve Mackay,
Edwin Wright, John Park)
Practical Digital Signal Processing for Engineers and Technicians (Edmund Lai)
Practical Electrical Network Automation and Communication Systems (Cobus
Strauss)
Practical Embedded Controllers (John Park)
Practical Fiber Optics (David Bailey, Edwin Wright)
Practical Industrial Data Networks: Design, Installation and Troubleshooting (Steve
Mackay, Edwin Wright, John Park, Deon Reynders)
Practical Industrial Safety, Risk Assessment and Shutdown Systems for
Instrumentation and Control (Dave Macdonald)
Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and Related Systems (Gordon
Clarke, Deon Reynders)
Practical Radio Engineering and Telemetry for Industry (David Bailey)
Practical SCADA for Industry (David Bailey, Edwin Wright)
Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking (Deon Reynders, Edwin Wright)
Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics (Malcolm Barnes)


Practical TCP/IP and

Ethernet Networking



Deon Reynders
Pr Eng, BSc BEng, BSc Eng (Elec)(Hons), MBA


Edwin Wright
MIPENZ, BSc(Hons), BSc(Elec Eng), IDC Technologies, Perth,
Australia
.

Newnes
An imprint of Elsevier
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803

First published 2003

Copyright  2003, IDC Technologies. All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether
or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without
the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of
a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road,
London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder
’
s written
permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publisher


British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library


ISBN 07506 58061







Typeset and Edited by Vivek Mehra, Mumbai, India
()

Printed and bound in Great Britain

For information on all Newnes publications, visit
our website at www.newnespress.com
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1.1 Data communications 1
1.2 Transmitters, receivers and communication channels 2
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1.5 Data transmission modes 8
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1.6 Encoding methods 12
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1.7 Error detection 14
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2.1 Overview 15
2.2 Network communication 16
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2.3 Types of networks 18
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2.4 The open systems interconnection model 20
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2.5 Interoperability and internetworking 28
2.6 Protocols and protocol standards 30
2.7 IEEE/ISO standards 31
2.8 Network topologies 33
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2.9 Bus topology 35
2.10 Star topology 36
2.11 Ring topology 36
2.12 Other types of topology 38
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2.13 Media access methods 40
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3.1 IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (‘Ethernet’) 43
3.2 Physical layer 44
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3.3 Signaling methods 50
3.4 Medium access control 50
Contents vii
3.5 Frame transmission 51
3.6 Frame reception 51
3.7 Collisions 52
3.8 MAC frame format 53
3.9 Difference between 802.3 and Ethernet 55
3.10 Reducing collisions 55
3.11 Ethernet design rules 55
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4.1 Achieving higher speed 59
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4.2 100Base-T (100Base-TX, -T4, -FX, -T2) 60
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4.3 Fast Ethernet design considerations 65
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4.4 Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-T 67
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4.5 Gigabit Ethernet design considerations 71
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viii Contents
5 /TZXUJ[IZOUTZU:)6/6 
5.1 The origins of TCP/IP 74
5.2 The ARPA model vs the OSI model 75
5.3 The TCP/IP protocol suite vs the ARPA model 75
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6.1 Overview 78

6.2 Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) 79
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6.3 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6/IPng) 94
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6.4 Address resolution protocol (ARP) 103
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6.5 Reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) 106
6.6 Internet control message protocol (ICMP) 107
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 ;TXKGINGHRKJKYZOTGZOUT 
Contents ix
 /)36W[KX_SKYYGMKY 
6.7 Routing protocols 114
 8U[ZOTMHGYOIY 
 *OXKIZ\YOTJOXKIZJKRO\KX_ 
 9ZGZOI\KXY[YJ_TGSOIXU[ZOTM 
 '[ZUTUSU[YY_YZKSY 
 /TZKXOUXK^ZKXOUXGTJMGZK]G_ZUMGZK]G_VXUZUIURY 
6.8 Interior gateway protocols 117
6.9 Exterior gateway protocols (EGP’s) 120
 (-6 
7 .UYZZUNUYZZXGTYVUXZRG_KXVXUZUIURY 
7.1 TCP (transmission control protocol) 123
 (GYOIL[TIZOUTY 
 6UXZY 
 9UIQKZY 
 9KW[KTIKT[SHKXY 
 'IQTU]RKJMSKTZT[SHKXY 
 9ROJOTM]OTJU]Y 
 +YZGHROYNOTMGIUTTKIZOUT 
 )RUYOTMGIUTTKIZOUT 
 :NKV[YNUVKXGZOUT 
 3G^OS[SYKMSKTZYO`K 
 :NK:)6LXGSK 

7.2 UDP (user datagram protocol) 131
 (GYOIL[TIZOUTY 
 :NK;*6LXGSK 
8 'VVROIGZOUTRG_KXVXUZUIURY 
8.1 Introduction 133
8.2 File transfer protocol (FTP) 134
 /TZKXTGR,:6IUSSGTJY 
 ,:6[YKXIUSSGTJY 
 'TUT_SU[Y,:6 
8.3 Trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP) 137
 /TZXUJ[IZOUT 
 ,XGSKZ_VKY 
8.4 TELNET (telecommunications network) 140
8.5 RLOGIN (remote login) 143
8.6 NFS (network file system) 143
8.7 DNS (domain name system) 144
 4GSKXKYUR[ZOUT[YOTMNUYZYLORKY 