Luyện thi phần Ngữ Pháp

CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
LESSON 1: TENSES IN ENGLISH
( Cạc thç trong tiãúng Anh)
TENSES IN ENGLISH (cạc thç trong tiãúng Anh)
PHÁƯN A: L THUÚT
Tenses Form Trảng tỉì
thỉåìng gàûp
Cach dng & vê dủ
1.The S.
present
(Thç Hiãûn tải
âån)
S + bare-V/V-s/V-es
S+do/does+ NOT+ bare-V
Do/Does+ S+ bare-V ?

- always, ofen,
usually,frequentyl
y
sometimes=occasi
onally,
rarely=seldom,
once or tiwce a
week, never
*1 thọi quen hiãûn tải-
- ex: He usually (go)
goes
to school in the morning
* 1 sỉû tháût hiãøn nhiãn hay 1 chán l-
- ex: The sun (rise)
rises

in the East.
2. The
Present
Continuous
(Thç HT tiãúp
diãùn)
S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing
S + am/is/are+ NOT+ V-ing
Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing?
at the moment, at
the time,Verb!
(look!, listen!, be
quiet)
at present = now
* 1 sỉû viãûc âang tiãúp diãùn åí hiãûn tải
- It (rain)
is raining
now.
- Lan (eat)
is eating a
t preent
- Listen! She (sing)
is singing
3. The
Present
Perfect
(Thç HT hon
thnh)
S + have/has + V3/Ved
S + have/has +NOT+ V3/V-

ed
Have/Has + S + V3/V-ed?
for + khong tgian
since + âiãøm tgian
never, ever, just =
recently = lately,
so far = up to now
= up to the
present= until
now,already,
yet,this is the first
time , several
times.
* 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra trong QK khäng cọ thåìi gian xạc âënh r.
ex: She (vêsit)
has visited
Ha Long Bay several times.
* 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra åí QK cn tiãúp diãùn åí hiãûn tải, dng “for”
hồûc “since”
- We (learn)
have learnt
English for 7 years.
- My mother (be)
has been
sick sinse yesterday
* 1 sỉû viãûc vỉìa måïi xy ea, dng “just” hồûc “recently”
- Lan (just buy)
has just bought
a new shirt.
4. The

Present
perfect
continuous
(Thç hiãûn tải
hon thnh tiãúp
diãùn)
S + have/has + been + V-
ing
S+have/has+NOT+been+V-
ing
Have/Has + S + been + V-
ing?
for + khong tgian
since + âiãøm tgian
so far = up to now
= up to the
present= until
now
* Giäúng thç hiãûn tải hon thnh nhỉng nháún mảnh 1 sỉû viãûc bàõt
âáưu trong QK kẹo di âãún hiãûn tải v cn tiãúp tủc åí tỉång lai.
- She (wait)
has been waiting
to see you since 2 o’ clock .
- He (work)
has been working
in this factory for 4 years.
CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
5. The Simple
Past
(Thç Quạ Khỉï

âån)
S + V2/V-ed
S + did + NOT + bare-V
Did +S + bare- V?
- Yessterday, last
(last week /month/
year ), ago, in +
year(in 2000 )
* 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra v cháúm dỉït trong QK cọ thåìi gian xạc âënh
r.
- She (meet)
met
him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay)
stayed
here last night
* 1 thọi quen åí QK v cháúm dỉït åí hiãûn tải (= used to + bare -V)
ex: He (go)
went/ used to go
fishing with his father when he
a children
6. The Past
Continuous
(Thç Quạ Khỉï
Tiãúp Diãùn)
S + was/ were + V-ing
S + was/ were + NOT + V-
ing
Was/ were + S + V-ing?
At the time, at the

moment, at
present, at 5 P.m/
at 5 o’clock +
Thåìi gian Quạ
Khỉï
* 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra åí 1 thåìi âiãøm củ thãø våïi thåìi gian xạc âënh r
trong QK.
- At this time last night, she (study)
was studying
lessons at
home.
* 2 sỉû viãûc xy ra cng 1 lục v kẹo di tải mäüt thåìi âiãøm trong
QKhỉï.
- My mother (cook)
was cooking
while my father (watch)
was watching
TV.
* 2 sỉû viãûc cng xy ra teong QK, trong 1 SV dang tiãúp diãùn
(dng thç QK tiãúp diãùn) v 1 Sv khạc âäüt ngäüt xy ra (QK âån)
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious
accident.
7. The Past
Perfect :(Thç
QKHon Thnh)
S + had + V3/ V-ed
S + had + NOT + V3/ V-ed
Had + S + V3/ V-ed?
Cạc tỉì thỉång
dng: before,

after, by,
*Diãùn t 1 hnh âäüng hon táút trỉåïc tgzin hồûc hnh âng khạc
trong QK
- Before 1975, he (work)
had worked
in that factory
- When I (come
) come
, he (leave)
had left
- After he (graduate)
had graduated
, he (go)
went
abroad.
8. The Past
Perfect :(Thç
QKHon Thnh
tiãúp diãùn)
S + had + been + V-ing
S + had + NOT + been + V-
ing
Had + S + been + V-ing?
Cạc tỉì thỉång
dng: before,
after, by,
* Diãùn t 1 hnh âng xy ra v kẹo di trong quạ khỉï cho âẹn
khi cọ hnh âäünh quạ khỉï thỉï 2 khạc xy ra ( hnh âäüng ny
dng thç quạ khỉï âån) v thåìi gian kẹo di thỉåìng nãu r trong
cáu.

- They (play)
had been playing
card for 2 hours before I
came.
9. The Simple
future (Thç
Tỉång Lai âån)
S + will/ shall + bare-V
S + will/shall + NOT + bare-
V
Will/Shall + S + bare-V?
Tomorrow, next
(next week/
month/ year ),
someday,
*diãùn t 1 hnh âäüng s xy ra trong tỉång lai.
- Tomorrow he (visit )
will viisit
me.
- She (stay)
will stay
at next Monday.
*** Mäüt säú trỉåìng håüp lỉu :
1. Mäüt säú âäüng tỉì khäng dỉûoc dng åí thç tiãúp diãùn nhỉ: be, see, hear, feel, taste, know, understand, like, hate, want, need, love,
prefer, remember, forget, realize, believe, seem, suppose,
Ex: They want to go for a walk
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
PHÁÖN B : BAÌI TÁÛP
Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence:
I will see him when he here tomorrow.

a. comes b. will come c. has come d. had come
The boys broke a window when they football.
a. played b. were playing c. haf played d. are playing
What to you yesterday?
a. happened b. did happen c. had happen d. was happening
It was the most exciting film I .
a. never saw b. ever saw c. had ever seen d. have ever seen
He said that he his work since 7 o’clock.
a. Did b. has done c. had done d. would do
I about him when suddenly he came in.
a. talk b. talked c. am talking d. was talking
Please don’t touch anything before .
a. the police will come b. the police comes
c. the police come d. the police would come
“When ?” - In 1928
a. penicillin was discovered b. was penicillin discovered
b. did penicillin discovered d. did penicillin discover
They have been in love with each other they were young
a. while b. until c. for d. since
Do you know what there yesterday?
a. she is doing b. was doing c. did she do d. she did
At present, that author a historical novel.
a. is writing b. was writing c. has written d. had written
By next month, I my first novel.
a. will finish b. am going to finish
b. finish d. will have finished
I the money from him yet.
a. haven’t received b. don’t receive c. will receive d. am receiving
Don’t make noise. My mother with her friend.
a. is talking b. was talking c. talks d. talked

the teacher gave me a passing grade.
a. After taking the test b. After I take the test
b. After I took the test d. After I had taken the test
No sooner the office than the phone rang
a. was he leaving b. he was leaving c. he had left d. had he left
17. How many times there so far? A few times.
a. have you been b. would you be c. were you d. had you been
18. It’s at least a month since Tom.
a. I last seen b. I last see c. I have last seen d. I last saw
19. Up to then, I such a big fire.
a. have never seen b. had never seen c. never seen d. never see
20. I her since I a student.
a. know/ am b. knew/ was c. have known/ am d. have known/ was
21. They for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke.
a. had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running
22. I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year.
a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been
23. get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever
24. She working on that manuscript for 2 year now.
a. will be b. has been c. had been d.is
25. I there once a long time ago and back since.
a. went/have not been b. go/am not c. have gone/was d. was going/had not been
26. She trying to pass her driving test but fails every time.
a. kept b. is keeping c.did want d. keeps
27. I complete silence now while I try this experiment.
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
a. am wanting b. want c. had wanted d. have wanted
28.The students by Mrs.Monty. However, this week they by Mr.Tanzer.
a. are usually taught/are being taught

b. usually teach/are teaching
c. have usually been taught/have been teaching
d. were usually teaching /are teaching
29. No matter what happens next I help you.
a. am b. have c. will d.would
30. In the last hundred years, traveling much easier and more comfortable.
a. becomes b. has become c. became d. will become
31. In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North America by covered
wagon.
a. took b. had taken c. had taken d.was taking
32. In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but things a great deal in
the last hundred and fifty years.
a. was/have changed b. is/change c. had been/will change
d.hasbeen/changed
33. Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
a. are flying b. would fly c. will fly d. can fly
34. When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television.
a. was calling/watched b. called/have watched
c. called/was watching d. had called/watched
35.By this time next summer, you your studies.
a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d. will have completed
36. Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner.
a. reads/has cooked b. is reading/is cooking
c.has read/was cooking d. read/will be cooking
37. Last night at this time, they the same thing. She and he the newspaper.
a. are doing/is cooking/is reading b. were doing/was cooking/was reading
c. was doing/has cooked/is reading d. had done/was cooking/read
38. When I home last night, I that Jane a beautiful candle light dinner.
a. had arrived/discovered/preparing
b. was arriving/has discovered/was preparing

c. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared
d. arrived/discovered/was preparing
39.The sun late in winter.
a. is rising always b. rises always c. is always rising d. always rises
40. While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
a. watch b. watched c. was watching d. am watching
41.This is the most intersting novel
a. I’ve read b. I had read c. I’ve never read d. I’ve ever read
42. When it began to rain, they in the yard.
a. played b. had played c.were playing d. have played
43.I haven’t seen you
a. since a long time b. for ages c. ages d. for long existence
44. It every day so far this week.
a. rained b. has rained c. rains d. is raining
45. I any letter from him yet.
a. haven’t received b. will receive c. don’t receive d. didn’t receive
46. We to Dalat several times. It’s a foggy city.
a. were b. have been c. were being d. had been
47. Be careful! The bus near.
a. will come b. will be coming c. is coming d. has come
48.I haven’t met him since he school.
a. left b. was leaving c. had left d. was left
49. My uncle on this farm since he was 20.
a. has worked b. have worked c. worked d. was working
50. It me 15 minutes to go to school every morning.
a. takes b. has taken c. is takening d. took
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
51. When I woke up this morning, it
a. rained b. was raining c. has rained d. is raining
52. He London 2 years ago and I him since then.

a. left/ hadnt seen b. left/ havent seen
c. was living/ havent seen d. left/ didnt seen
53. By the time Tom got back,Peter
a. have gone b. went c. will go d. had gone
LESSON 2: PASSIVE VOICE
( THỉ Bậ ĩNG)
PHệN A: LYẽ THUYT
I. Cọng thổùc chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
II. Cọng thổùc cuớa tổỡng thỗ:
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. The simple present S + bare - V/ V-s/es S + am/is /are + PP
2. The pre. Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP
3. The present perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/ has + been + PP
4. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + PP
5. The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + be+ V -ing
6. The past perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/has + been + PP
7. The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP
8. The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP
9. The Modal verbs S + can/could/may + bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP
III. Quy từc õọứi tổỡ cỏu chuớ õọỹng sang cỏu bở õọỹng:
1. Xaùc õởnh S, V, O cuớa cỏu chuớ õọỹng.
2. Hoaùn õọứi SvaỡO(S cuớa chuớ õọỹng laỡm O cuớa bở õọng, O cuớa chuớ õọỹng laỡm S cuớa bở õọỹng)
3. Chuyóứn V tổỡ daỷng chuớ õọỹng sang daỷng bở õọỹng
4. Thóm giồùi tổỡ by trổồùc O cuớa cỏu bở õọỹng.
IV. Cỏỳu truùc : Chuớ õọỹng : S V O
Bở õọỹng : S V ( BY + O)
( BE + PP)
V. Examples:
1. My mother has made that cake.
S V O

That cake has been made by my mother
2. Nam is asking me a lot of questions.
S V O
I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam.
VI. Caùc trổồỡng hồỹp cỏửn lổu yù:
1.
S cuớa cỏu chuớ õọỹng laỡ õaỷi tổỡ nhỏn xổng( he, she, you, they, we ) vaỡ caù tổỡ nhổ: someone,
somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, thỗ lổồỹc boớ O trong cỏu bở õọỹng.
Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers.
I have been sent the flowers.
CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
She must do all homework before going to bed.
All homework must be done before going to bed.
2. Trảng ngỉỵ chè nåi chäún âàût trỉåïc “by + O bë âäüng”.
Ex: The police found him in the foresst.
He was found in the forest by the police.
3. Trảng ngỉỵ chè thåìi gian âàût sau “by + O bë âäüng”.
Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week.
The house was bought by Mr Brown last week.
4. Trảng ngỉỵ chè thãø cạch âỉïng giỉỵa “BE + PP”.
Ex: The boss has treated them badly.
They have been badly treated by the boss.
5. Âäúi våïi 1 säú âäüng tỉì cọ 2 tán ngỉỵ thç 1 trong 2 tán ngỉỵ âãưu cọ thãø dng lm ch ngỉỵ trong
cáu bë âäüng; tuy nhiãn tán ngỉỵ chè ngỉåìi thỉåìng âỉåüc sỉí dủng nhiãưu hån.
Ex: He sent me a postcard.
I was sent a postcard.
A postcard was sent to me.
V. Mäüt säú dảng cáu biû âäüng âàûc biãût:
1. Causitive form: ( Thãø nhåì bo): “Have” hồûc “Get”.
a. Have

* ch âäüng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)
* bë âäüng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle
Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday.
I had the roof repaired yesterday.
b. Get
* ch âäüng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)
* bë âäüng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle
Ex: I will get her to cut my hair
I will get my hair cut.
2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare
Cọ 2 dảng bë âäüng:
* ch âäüng: S1 + V of pinion + (that) + clause (S2+V + O)
* bë âäüng : It + be + V of opinion ( PP) + (that) + clause.
Hồûc: S2 + be + V of opinion (PP) + to-inf
Ex: - They said that John is the brightest student in class.
It is said that John is the brightest student in class.
John is said to be the brightest student in class.
- They knew that Mary won the competition.
It was known that Mary had won the competition
Mary was known to have won the competition.
3. Verbs of perception ( Âäüng tỉì chè giạc quan): see, watch, hear,
* ch âäüng : S + V + O + bare - inf / V-ing
* bë âäüng : S + Be + V (PP) + to-inf/ V-ing
Ex: - People saw him steal your car.
He was seen to steal your car.
- The teacher is watching them work.
They are being watched working by the teacher.
PHÁƯN B: BI TÁÛP
I. Choose the best answer:
1.“ Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they in Russia”

a.were painted b. were paint c. were painting d. painted
2. “David is in prison for smoking drugs” “He that it was against the law.”
is telling b. was told c. told d. tells
3. “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from ballroom” “ Don’t the worry.
They them before the dance begins”
a. will have been moved b. will have moved
c. were moved d. moved
4. Gold in California in the 19
th
century.
a. was discovered b. has been discovered
c. was discover d. they discovered
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
5. that military spending is extremely high.
a.We are felt b. It feels c. It is felt d. We feel that it is
6. They time and money doing such a thing.
a.were advised not to waste b. were advised not to be wasted
c. were advising not to waste d. were advising not to be wasted
7. These students so much that they feel very tired and bored.
a.are made to study b. are made study
c.are making to study d. are made to be studied
8. I in the lounge for ten minutes.
a.was told waiting b. was told to wait
c.was telling to be waited d. was told to be waited
9. The students to be at school at 8 am
a. tell b. told c. have told d. were told
10. Our children to school by bus every morning.
a.take b. are taken c. have taken d. are taking
11. Bicycles in the driveway.
a. must not leave b. must not be leaving

c. must not be left d. must not have left
12. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend.
a. is going to be performed b. has been performed
c.will be performing d. will have performed
13Reagan an actor years ago.
a. is said to be b. was said being c. was said have been d. is said to have been
14. I hate personal questions by nearly acquainted friends.
a. to be asking b. to be asked c. being asking d. of asking
15. It that learning a foreign language a lot of time.
a. says/ is take b. is saying / has been taken
c. is said/ takes d. was said/ was taken
16.All bottles before transportation.
a. frozen b. were froze c. were frozen d. are froze
17. yet?
a. Have the letters been typed b. Have been the letters typed
c. Have the letters typed d. Had the letters typed
18. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore
where for administration, broadcasting and education.
a. is used b. it is used c. used d. being used
19. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell.
a. is invented b. is inventing c. invented d. was invented
20. Lots of houses by the earthquake.
a. are destroying b. destroyed c. were destroyed d. were destroying
21. In the Us the first stage of compulsory education as elementary education .
a. to be generally known b. is generally known
c. generally known d. is generally knowing
22. .Education to be the most important element to develop a country.
a.often be considered b. can be often considered
c. can often considered d. can often be considered
23. The preparations by the time the guests

a.had been finished / arrived b. have finished
c. had finished / were arriving d. had been finished / were arrived
24 students required to wear uniforms at all times?
a Are b. Do c. Did d. Will
25 to you yet?
a.Are the book been giving back b. Was the book been given back
c. Has been the book given back d. Has the book been given back
26. What he has done to me
a.cannot forgive b. cannot be forgive c. cannot forgive d cannot be forgiving
27 . The keys somewhere.
a.must have been leaving b. must have left
c.must be leaving d. must have been left
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
28. Japanese at the meeting.
a.will speak b. will spoken c. will be spoken d. will be speaking
29. Although he tried his best, he could not make his voice
a hear b. to hear c. hearing d. heard
30. .in that company?
Do shoes make b. Are shoes be made
c. Shoes are made d. Are shoes made
31. Portuguese as an official language in this city for age.
a.has been spoken b. has been spoken
c.has spoken d. had spoken
32. More than ten victims missing in the storm last week
a.are reported to be b. are reported to have been
c.are reporting to have been d. are reporting to be
33. by your father?
a.Did that book write b. Did that book written
c.Was that book written d. Was that book be writing
34. Something immediately to prevent teenagers from in factories and mines.

a.should be done/ being exploited b. we should do/ exploiting
c. should do / be exploited d. should have done / exploited
35. This car
a.was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year
b.was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan
c.was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota
d.last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan
36. Why on time?
a.don’t the exercises finish b. weren’t the exercises be finished
c. aren’t the exercises being finished d. aren’t the exercises be finished
37. No longer in our office since it
a.have typewriters been used / computerized
b.typewriters have been used / was computerized
c.have typewriters been used / was computerized
d.typewriters have been used / computerized
38. When ?
a.were computers used first b. were computers first used
c.did computers first use d. are computers first using
39. That machine is useless. It not been used for a long time
a.is b. was c. did d. has
40. Everything that remained a secret
a.overheard b. had been overheard
c.had overheard d. was overhearing
41. The refreshments by Karen.
a.are going to be prepared b. are going to prepare
c are preparing d. are to prepare
42. by the police.
a.The stealing car has just been found b. The stolen car has just been found
b.The stealing car has just found d. The stolen car has just found
43. It it is parents responsibility to take good care of their children.

a. commonly says that b. commonly to be said that
c. is commonly said that d. is commonly saying
44. John a respectful and obedient student.
a. said to be b. is said c. is said being d. is said to be
II. Choose the best answer:
45. People have discovered a new source of energy.
A new source of energy has discovered.
A new source of energy was discovered.
A new source of energy have been discovered
A new source of energy has been discovered
46. People say that he was born in London.
That is said he was born in London.
CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
It was said that he was born in London.
He was said to be born in London.
He is said to have been born in London.
47. We have no seats left for the concert next Sunday.
All the seats for the concert next Sunday have been booked
All the seats were sold for the concert next Sunday.
The concert next Sunday had no seats for us.
No seats left for us for the concert next Sunday.
48.People say Chinese food is the best in the world.
Chinese food is said to be the best in the world.
I agree that Chinese food is the best in the world.
Chinese food is eaten all over the world.
No food in the world is eaten as much as Chinese food.
49. The storm blew a lot of trees down last night.
A lot of trees were blown down last night by the storm.
A lot of trees were cut down last night
The storm could have blown a lot of trees down.

The storm was strong enough to blow down old trees.
LESSON 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(CÁU ÂIÃƯU KIÃÛN)
PHÁƯN A: L THUÚT
I. Cáu âiãưu kiãûn loải 1 : Diãùn t 1 gi thiãút cọ thãø xy ra åí hiãûn tải hồûc tỉång lai.
1. Form:
TYPE If clause Main clause Examples
1 Simple present
(bare -V/ Vs-es)
Simple future
( will/ shall/ can/ may + bare -V)
If you study hard, you
will pass the exam.
2 Lỉu :
a. Mãûnh âãư chênh cọ thãø sỉí dủng âäüng tỉì åí dảng mãûnh lãûnh.
Ex: If you see toom, give him this book, please.
b. Mãûnh âãư chênh åí thç Hiãûn tải âån nãúu cáu âiãưu kiãûn diãùn t 1 chán l, 1 sỉû viãûc cọ tháût.
Ex: If water is at 100 degree celcious, it boils.
If you are right, I am wrong.
II. Cáu âiãưu kiãûn loải 2: Diãùn t 1 gi thiãút trại våïi thỉûc tãú hiãûn tải.
TYPE If clause Main clause Examples
2 Past subjunctive
(V2 / V-ed)
be were
Present conditional
( would/ shouldl/could/ might +
bare -V)
If I had a lot money, I
would travel around the
world.

III. Cáu âiãưu kiãûn loải 3: Diãùn t 1 gi thiãút trại våïi thỉûc tãú quạ khỉï.
TYPE If clause Main clause Examples
3 Past perfect Perfect conditional If the weather had been
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
(had + past
participle)
( would/ shouldl/could/ might +
have + past participle)
nice yesterday, I would
have gone the beach
IV. Caùc trổồỡng hồỹp cỏửn lổu yù:
1.Coù thóứ lổồỹc boớ IF nóỳu õóứ trồỹ õọỹng tổỡ õuùng trổồùc chuớ ngổợ
Ex: If I were rich = Were I rich
If I had known = Had I known
2. Unless = If not
Ex: These plants will die unless you water them regularly.
= These plants will be die if you dont water them regularly.
3. Ngoaỡi IF, cỏu õióửu kióỷn coỡn bừt õỏửu bũng nhổợng tổỡ nọỳi khaùc nhổ
:
- Provided (that); On condition (that); As long as; So long as ( mióựn laỡ, vồùi õióửu kióỷn laỡ, )
- Suppose, supposing (giaớ sổớ)
- In case ( trong trổồỡng hồỹp, phoỡng khi, nhồợ maỡ, )
- Even if ( duỡ laỡ, cho laỡ )
Ex: Ill accept the job
provided the
salary is satisfactory.

In case
I forget, please remind me of my promise.

Supposing
you won a lot of money, what would you do?

Even if
we had been invited, we could not have come because we were very busy.
PHệN B: BAèI TP
I.Find one choice that best completes the sentences:
1. I am flying to the States tonight.I you a ring if I can find a phone.
a. will give b. would give c. could give d. have given
2. Well need more staff we start the new project.
a. unless b. whether c. in case d. or
3. If I 10 years younger, I the job.
a. am/ will take b. was/ have taken
c. had been / will have taken d. were / would take
4. I had learnt English when I was at high school.
a. Unless b. Even if c. If d. If only
5. You are not allowed to use the clubs facilities you are a member.
a. unless b. if c. provided d. supposed
6. If she the train last night , she here now.
a. took / were b. were taking / is
c. had taken / would have been d. had taken / would be
7. if a war happened?
a. What you would do b. What would you do
c. What will you do d. What you will do
8. I would send her a fax if I her namber.
a. know b. knew c. had known d. could know.
9. it were well paid , I would accept this proposal.
a. Providing b. Unless c. But for d. If only
10. more carefully , he would not have had the accident yesterday.
a. If Peter driven b. If had Peter driven

c. Had Peter driven d. Unless Peter had driven.
11. If you to my advice , you in trouble now.
a. listened / were not b. listen / are not
c. had listened / would not have been d. had listened / would not be.
12. If you take the 8 a.m. flight to New York, you change planes.
a. could not have to b. will not have to
c. had not had to d. would not to have to
13. If it warm yesterday , we would have gone to the beach.
a. was b. were c. had been d. could be
14. If it an hour ago , the streets wet now.
a. were raining / will be b. had rained / would be
c. rained / would be d. had rained / would have be
15. here , he would helped us with there troubles.
a. Were Peter b. If were Peter c. Unless were Peter d. Unless Peter were.
16. that problem with the car , we wouldnt have missed the speech.
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
a. If we had had b. If had we had
c. Unless we had had d. Provided that we had had
17. If I were a little taller , I be able to water tha plant on the top shelf.
a. did b. would c. had d. would have.
18. If you hear from Susan today , her to ring me.
a. tell b. to tell c. telling d. will tell.
19. She had to have the operation
a. unless she would dies b. if she would die
c. otherwise she will die d. or she would die
20. If the traffic bad , I may get home late.
a. is b. were c. was d. had been
21. If it last night , it so hot today.
a. rained / is not b. was raining / were not
c. had rained / would not have been d. had rained / would not be

22. Without your recommendation , we any success last year.
a. had not got b. did not get c. will not have got d. would not have got
23. he gets here soon , we will have to start the meeting without him.
a. Suppose b. Provided c. Unless d. If
24. as much money as Bill Gates of Microsoft , I would retire.
a. Did I have b. If did I have c. Unless I had d. If I had had
25. If I it was a formal party, I wouldn’t have gone wearing jeans and a jumper.
a. knew b. had known c. had been knowing d. could know
26. Tom’s company will almost certainly lire him he improves his attitude.
a. unless b. or c. otherwise d. if.
27. If my client me her fax number , I to post a letter to her.
a. gave / will not have b. will give / do not have
c. had given / wouldn’t have had d. had given / will not have had
28. I had brought my laptop to the meeting yesterday.
a. If b. If only c. Even if d. As if
29. If I the lottery last week , I rich now.
a. had won / would be b. had won / would have been
c. won / would be d. won / would have been
30. Carrie said she will join the company if the starting salary her expectations.
a. meets b. met c. has met d. had met.
31 .If I was you, I that.
a. would apply for b. will ask for c. will have change d. can take
32. If I a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family.
a. have b. been having c. had d. was having
33. If we had had time, we to the party.
a. can go b. will go c. would have gone d. will have gone
34. We couldn’t understand the teacher if he too fast.
a. spoke b. has spoken c. doesn’t speak d. didn’t speak
35. If everything is all right, we our work on time.
a. complete b. are completing c. have completed d. will complete

36. What if the eart suddenly stopped going around the sun.
a. happens b. will happen c. would happen d. happened
37. Unless you quiet, I’ll scream.
a. don’t keep b. keep c. didn’t keep d. kept
38. You’ll be able to speak English well if you hard.
a. study b. studied c. would study d. had studied
39. If I you, I invitation.
a. am/ will refuse b. was/ would refuse c. were/ would refuse d. had been/ will refuse
40. , I’d have told you the answer.
a. If you asked me b. Had youy asked me
c. You had asked me d. Unless you asked me
II. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same
meaning as the given one.
41. If we had lost the map, we would never have found our way .
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
a. We will have found our way unless we lost the map.
b. We found our way because we didnt lose the map.
c. We would have lost our way if we had lost the map.
d. If we lost the map, we didnt find our way.
42. He didnt hurry so he missed the plane.
a. If he hurried, he wouldnt miss the train.
b. If he had hurried, he might catch the plane.
c. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane.
d. He didnt miss the plane because he hurried.
43. If I were taller, I could reach the shelf.
a. I am not tall enough to reach the top shelf.
b. I am too tall to reach the top shelf.
c. I cannot reach the top shelf beacause I am very tall.
d. In spite of being tall, I cannot reach the top shelf.
44. I will agree to these conditions provided that they increase my salary.

a. They did not increase my salary so I quit the job.
b. I will only agree these conditions if they give me more money.
c. They give me more money or I will only agree these conditions.
d. Unless they give me more money, I will only agree these conditions.
45. If only I had studied hard enough to pass the final exam .
a. I regret not studying hard enough to pass the exam.
b. I had studied hard enough and I passed the fi9anl exam.
c. I studied too hard to pass the fianla exam.
d. I studied hard otherwise I would fail the fianal exam.
46. John speaks Chinese fluently because he used to live in China for ten years.
a. Suppose John has lived in China for ten years , he can speak Chinese fluently.
b. Provided that John lived in China for ten years , he could speak Chinese fluently.
c. Unless John had lived in China for ten years , he could not have spoken Chinese
fluently.
d. John could not speak Chinese fluently if he had not lived in China for ten years.
III.Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting:
48. If had known she was ill, I would go to visit her.
A B C D
49. I cant go with you unless I will get my work finished.
A B C D
50. If she had eaten fewer sweets, she would lose weight.
A B C D
51. You would have met Mary if you came here yesterday evening.
A B C D
52. If they want to increase output, they had to modenize the factory.
A B C D
LESSON 4: CLAUSE AFTER WISH
PHệN A: LYẽ THUYT
Coù 3 loaỷi cỏu ao ổồùc
I. Ao ổồùc hióỷn taỷi: S + WISH + CLAUSE ( s + v2/ v-ed)

II. Ao ổồùc tổồng lai: S + WISH + CLAUSE ( s + would + bare - V)
III. Ao ổồùc quaù khổù: S + WISH + CLAUSE ( s + had + past participle)
PHệN B: BAèI TP
1.We wish we a large house but we cant afford it now.
a. have b. had c. can have d. will have
2. My friend wont lend me his car. I wish
a. he lent me his car b. he didnt lend me his car
c. he would lend me his car d. he will lend me his car.
3.My mother is not free today . I wish
a. my mother is free today b. my mother wont be busy today
c. my mother would be free today d. my mother were free today
4. Im sorry I havent got any money on me. I wish
a. I have got no money on me b. I have some money on me
c. I had some money on me d. I had got no money on me
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
5. Im fraid our team will lose the game today. I wish
a. Our team won the game today b. our team would win the game today
c. our team didnt lose the game today d. our team had won the game today
6. My friends didnt take part in the game. I wish
a. my friends took part in the game b. my friends had taken part in the game
c. my friends would take part in the game d. my friends did take part in the game
7. It wasnt fine yesterday. I wish
a. it was fine yesterday b. it would fine yesterday
c. it will fine yesterday d. it had been fine yesterday
8. I wish I more time now to help you with your lesson
a. have b. had would have c. had d. had had
9. I wish I psychology when I was a college student.
a. had studied b. would study c. studied d. studied
10. I wish someone to help me with that work tomorrow.
a. offer b. offered c. would offer d. had offered

11. If only I play the guitar as well as you!
a. would b. should c. could d. might
12. When I saw Tom, he looked he had been ill.
a. so b. such as c. the same d. as if
13. I wish I my letter of application earlier.
a. wrote b. had written c. could write d. should write
14. If only he me a chance , I could have told him the truth.
a. gave b. has given c. could give d. had given
15. I wish you so much noise. Im trying to work.
a. shouldnt b. couldnt c. neednt d. wouldnt
16. If only he us the true in the first place, things wouldnt have gone so wrong.
a. had told b. has told c. would have told d. should have told
17. Mrs White always talks to her baby as though he an adult.
A is b. were c. had been d. will be.
18. When he came out of the room, he looked he had seen a ghost.
a. as b. as though c. when d. if
LESSON 5: REPORTED SPEECH
( CU TặèNG THT/ CU GIAẽN TIP)
PHệN A: LYẽ THUYT
- Khi chuyóứn cỏu trổỷc tióỳp sang cỏu giaùn tióỳp, ta phaới thay õoới thỗ, õaỷi tổỡ nhỏn
xổng, tờnh tổỡ sồớ hổợu, traỷng tổỡ nồi chọỳn, thồỡi gian, tờnh tổỡ chố õởnh.
Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
1. Tense
- Simple present
- Present
Continuous
- Present perfect
- Simple past
- Past continuous

- Past perfect
* will
* can
* must
- Simple past
- Past Continuous
- Past perfect
- Simple past/ past
perfect
- Past perfect continuous
- Past perfect
* would
* could
* had to
2. Adverbs of time
- yesterday
- last week
- now
- today
- tomorrow
- next week
- the day before / the
previous day
- the week before /
the previous week
- then
- that day
- the day after / the
following day
- the week after / the

following week
3. Adverbs of
place
- here - there
4. demonstrative
words
- this
- these
- that
- those
I. Cỏu móỷnh lóỷnh giaùn tióỳp: ( Indirect command) Thổồỡng õổồỹc mồớ õỏửu bũng nhổợng
õọỹng tổỡ nhổ: tell, ask, request, order, command vaỡ thóứ Imparative õọứi thaỡnh To - infinitive.
Form: S + V (told, asked, ) + O + TO - INFINITIVE
Ex: 1.He said to us, Do your homework carefully.
- He told us to do our homework carefully.
2. She said to me Please help me with this work
- She told me to help her with that work.
3. He said, Dont leave the room
- He ordered them not to leave the room.
II. Cỏu phaùt bióứu giaùn tióỳp: ( Indirect statement): thổồỡng õổồỹc mồớ õỏửu bũng nhổợng
õọỹng tổỡ nhổ : SAY, TELL
Form: S + SAID + (THAT) + S + V (Luỡi thỗ)
TOLD + O
Ex: 1. She said, I am a student
- she said that she was a student.
2. Nam said to her mother, I met my old friends on the way to school this morning
- Nam told his mother that he had met his old friends on the way to school that morning.
* Chuù yù : Khi õọứi tổỡ cỏu trổỷc tióỳp sang cỏu giaùn tióỳp ta khọng õọứi thỗ ồớ móỷnh õóử nguyón vn
trong caùc trổồỡng hồỹp sau duỡ móỷnh õóử chờnh ồớ thỗ quaù khổù.
1.

ọỹng tổỡ trong móỷnh õóử nguyón vn coù thồỡi gian xaùc õởnh roợ laỡ nm
Ex: She said I was born in 1980
She said that she was born in 1980.
2.
Cỏu nguyón vn dióựn taớ 1 chỏn lyù
Ex: He said , The sun rises in the east.
He said (that) the sun rises in theeast.
3.
Cỏu nguyón vn coù
Could, would, should, might, used to, ought to, ổould rather,
had better,
Ex: Tom said to me : You had better go to the dentist.
Tom told me that I had better go to the dentist.
4.
Cỏu õióửu kióỷn loaỷi 2, loaỷi 3.
Ex: He said: If I were you, I wouldnt do that.
He said that if he were me, he wouldnt do that.
5.
Cỏu ao ổồùc traùi vồùi thổỷc tóỳ hióỷn taỷi.
Ex: She said : I wish I were a movie star.
She said that she wished she were a movie star.
III. Cỏu hoới giaùn tióỳp: ( Indirect questions)
1. Yes - No question: ( cỏu hoới traớ lồỡi bũng yes/ no) Thổồng õổồỹc mồớ õỏửu bũng caùc
CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
âäüng tỉì nhỉ : ask, inquire, wonder, wanted to know, v theo sau cạc âäüng tỉì ny l “if hồûc
whether”.
Form: S + asked + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V( li thç, âo ngỉỵ)
wanted to know
wondered
Ex: - “ Have you read this novel?

He asked me if I had read that novel.
- “ Did you watch the film on TV last night, Tom?”
He asked if Tom had watched the film on TV the night before.
2. WH - questions: ( cáu hi bàõt âáưu bàòng tỉì hi “WH-) Thỉåìng âỉûoc måí âáưu bàòng
cạc âäüng tỉì nhỉ : ask, inquire, wonder, wanted to know, v theo sau cạc âäüng tỉì ny l cạc tỉì
hi nhỉ: when, where, where, how,
Form: S + asked + (O) + What/ when/ why , + S + V( li thç, âo
ngỉỵ)
wanted to know
wondered
Ex: - He said to me “ Who did you go to the cinema with?”
He asked me who I had gone to the cinema with.
- “ what time does the film begin?”
He wanted to know What time the film began.
* Chụ :Trỉåìng håüp cáu ngun vàn cọ c cáu phat biãøu v cáu hi thç khi âäøi sang cáu giạn
tiãúp loải cáu no âäøi theo loải cáu âọ.
Ex: “I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time?”
- He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time.
IV. Cáu cm thạn giạn tiãúp ( Indirect exclaminations) :Thỉåìng âỉûoc måí âáưu bàòng
cạc âäüng tỉì Exclaim
Ex: - “ What a beautiful girl she is!”
He exclaimed what a beautiful she was.
PHÁƯN B: BI TÁÛP
I. I.Find one choice that best completes the sentences:
1.John asked me in English.
a. what does this word mean b. what that word means
c. what did this word mean d. what that word meant
2. The mother told her son impolitely .
a. not behave b. not to behave c. not behaving d. did not behave
3. She said she collect it for me after work.

a. would b. did c. must d. had
4. I have ever told you he unreliable.
a. is b. were c.had been d. would be
5. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
a. yesterday b. two days ago c. the day before d. the next day
6. John asked me interested in any kind of sports.
a. if I were b. if were I c. if was I d. if I was
7. John asked me that film the night before.
a. that I saw b. had I seen c. if I had seen d. if had I seen
8. Peter said that he had lived in London 4 years .
a. ago b. before c. later d. then
9. The guest told the host that
a. I must go now b. he must go now
c. he had to go now d. he had to go then
10. The teacher told Joe
a. to stop talking b. stop talking
c. stops talking d. stopped talking
11. She said she
a. was very tired last night b. was very tired the night before
c. had been very tired last night d. had been tired the night before
12. Emily said that her teacher to London
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
a. will go/ tomorrow b. went/ tomorrow
c. would go/ the next day d. had gone/ the next day
13. She told the boys on the grass.
a. do not play b. did not play c. not playing d. not to play
14. She asked
a. where was her umbrella b. where her umbrella was
c. where were her umbrella d. where her umbrella were
14. Jason asked me me the book the day before.

a. if who gave b. if who has given c. who had given d. that who had given
15. Robert said that his father to Dallas the year before.
a.goes b. went c. has gone d. had gone
16.He wanted to know shopping the previous morning.
a. if we had been going b. that if we had been going
c. we were going d. that we were going
13. He asked me Robert and I said I did not know
a.that did I know/who were Robert b. that I knew/who Robert were
c. if I knew/who Robert was d. whether I knew/who was Robert
14. The mother asked her son
a. where he has been b.where he had been
c. where has he been d. where had he been
15. Martin asked me
a. how is my father b. how my father is
c. how was my father
16. The host asked Peter tea or coffee. d. how my father was
a. whether he preferred b. that he preferred
c. did he prefer d. if he prefers
17.She asked me my holidays
a.where I spent/the previous year b. where I had spent/the previous year
c. where I spent/last year d. where did I spend/last year
18. He advised too far.
a.her did not go b. her do not go c. her not to go d. she did not go
19. John often says he boxing because it a cruel sport.
a. does not like/is b. did not like/were
c. not liked/had been d.had not liked/was
20. Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer
a.before b. ago c.last d. previous
21. He asked him some money.
a. her to lend b. she to lend c. she has lent d.she lends

22. Andrew told me that they fish two days.
a. have not eaten/ago b. had not eaten/previous
c. did not eat/before d.would not eat/last
23. Jason told me that he his best in the exam the day.
a. had done/fllowing b. will do/previous
c. would do/following d. was going/previous
24. She told him
a. patient b. to be patient c. was patient d. that being patient
25. Daniel asked me if I thought
a. it will rain today b. it will rain that day
c. it would rain today d. it would rain that day
26. Barbra asked me the homework that week.
a. that she must do b. if she has to do
c. if she had to do d. if did she have to do
27. Robert wanted to know if I was leaving the Friday.
a. following b. ago c. previous d. before
28. Jennifer asked me the week before.
a. where had I gone b. where I had gone
c. where did I gone d. I had gone where
II. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same
meaning as the given one.
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
29. “ You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.
a. The teacher told me I hadn’t done my work well
b. The teacher told me I haven’t done work well.
c. The teacher told me I hadn’t done your work well.
d. The teacher told me I hadn’t done his work well.
30. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
a. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road.
b. The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road.

c. The woman said that man spoke to her on the road.
d. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road.
31. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” said my classmate to me.
a. My classmate told me he/she can’t explain that rule to me.
b. My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.
c. My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to you.
d. My classmate said me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.
32. The teacher said to class,”We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
a. The teacher told the class they would discuss that subject the next day.
b. The teacher told the class they will discuss that subject the next day.
c. The teacher said the class they would discuss that subject the next day.
d. The teacher told the class they discuss that subject the next day.
33. The woman said to her son,”I am glad I am here.”
a. The woman told her son I was glad I was there.
b. The woman told her son she was glad I was there.
c. The woman told her son she was glad she was there.
d. The woman told to her son she was glad she was there.
34. Mike said,”We have bought these books today.”
a. Mike said they bought those books that day.
b. Mike said they had bought those books that day.
c. Mike said they have bought those books that day.
d. Mike said they had bought those books that day.
35. Sarah said,”I read
Jane Eyre
last year.”
a. Sarah said she had read
Jane Eyre
the previous year.
b. Sareh said she read
Jane Eyre

the previous year.
c. Sareh said she has read
Jane Eyre
the previous year.
d. Sareh said she would read
Jane Eyre
the previous year.
36. She said that she participating in that event.
a. would be interesting in b. would be interested in
c. was going to d. would be going to
37. “You damaged my bicycle, Tom!” said John
a. John accused to Tom for damaging his bicycle.
b. John accused with Tom to have damaged his bicycle.
c. John accused Tom of damaging his bicycle.
d. John accused Tom to damage his bicycle.
38. “Never borrow money from friends,”my father said.
a. My father said to me never borrow money from friends.
b. My father told me never to borrow money from friends.
c. My father advised me not borrow money from friends.
d. My father suggested me never borrowing money from friends.
39. They asked Tom to repeat what he had said.
a. “Please repeat what you said,Tom “ they said.
b. “Tom, repeat what have you said,”they said.
c. “To repeat what you have said,”they said.
d. “What you said, you should repeat,” they asked Tom.
40. “Why don’t you complain to the company, John?” said Peter.
a. Peter asked John why he doesn’t complain to the company.
b. Peter advised John complaining to the company.
c. Peter suggested John to complain to the company.
d. Peter suggested that John should complain to the company.

41. “Don’t walk on the grass,” the gardener said to us.
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
a. The gardener said to us don’t walk on the grass.
b. The gardener told us not to walk on the grass.
c. The gardener suggested us not to walk on the grass.
d. The gardener advised us not walking on the grass.
42. “How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!” Peter said to Mary.
a. Peter promised said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
b. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
c. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
d. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
43. “Hello, Mary!” Peter said
a. Peter said hello Mary b. Peter said Mary hello
c. Peter told Mary hello d. Peter greeted Mary
44. “Why don’t you ask the teacher for help?” Peter asked me.
a. Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help.
b. Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help.
c. Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help.
d. Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help.
45.The teacher advised us
a. to be careful when doing these exercises.
b.Be careful when doing these exercises.
c.Careful when doing these exercises.
d. Are careful when doing these exercises.
46.She told me
a.shut the door but don’t lock it.
b.shut the door but not lock it.
c.to shut the door but not lock it.
d.to shut the door but not to lock it.
47. He told me

a. think well before I answered.
b. think well before I answer.
c. to think well before I answered.
d. to think well before I will answer.
48. “Don’t play video games all the time !” , he said.
a. He told the boy not to play video games all the time.
b. He said to the boy not play video games all the time.
c. He told to the boy not to play video games all the time.
d. He said the boy not play video games all the time.
49. ”He said “I bought these books last week”.
a. He said he bought these books last week.
b. He said he had bought these books last week.
c. He said he had bought those books the week before.
d. He said he bought those books the week before.
50. “Did they tell you when they left” she said to me.
a. She asked me if they told me when they left.
b. She asked me if they told me when they had left.
c. She asked me if they had told me when they left.
d. She asked me if they had told me when they had left.
51. “Be careful ! The water is hot” she shouted.
a. She said to be careful because the water is hot.
b. She asked me to be careful because the water was hot.
c. She told me to be careful because the water is hot.
d. She should be careful because the water was hot.
52. The teacher ordered not to make so much noise.
a. The teacher said us “ Not make so much noise”.
b. The teacher told us “ Didn’t make so much noise”.
c. The teacher ordered us “Not to make so much noise”.
d. The teacher said to us “ Don’t make so much noise”
53. She asked me if it would rain that night.

a. She asked “ would it rain that night.”
CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
b. She said “ It would rain that night”.
c. She asked “ Will it rain tonight.”
d. She said to me “ It will rain night.”
54. He asked me where I was going on my vacation that year.
a. He asked me “Where I was going on my vacation that year?”
b. He asked me “Where was I going on my vacation that year?”
c. He asked me “Where you are going on your vacation that year?”
d. He saked me “Where are you going on your vacation this year?”
55. Peter said if he were me he would stop smoking.
a. I wanted Peter to stop smoking and he promised to do.
b. Peter provided to stop smoking.
c. Peter said he would stop smoking as I wanted him to.
d. Peter advided me to stop smoking.
LESSON 6: RELATIVE CLAUSES
( MÃÛNH ÂÃÌ QUAN HÃÛ)
PHÁƯN A: L THUÚT
I. Âënh nghéa: Mãûnh âãư quan hãû cn gi l mãûnh âãư tênh ngỉỵ ( Adjective clause), l mãûnh âãư
phủ ca cáu, bäø nghéa cho danh tỉì âỉïng liãưn trỉåïc nọ. Mãûnh âãư ny thỉång bàõt âáưu cạc âải tỉì
quan hãû ( Relative pronoun) nhỉ: who, whom, which, that, whose v cạc phọ tỉì quan hãû (Adverb
pronoun) nhỉ: when, where, why.
II. Cạch dung cạc âải tỉì v phọ tỉì quan hãû:
Âải tỉì & Phọ tỉì QH thay thãú cho Chỉïc nàng Vë trê
1. WHO danh tỉì chè ngỉåìi Ch ngỉỵ sau dtỉì thay thãú
2. WHOM danh tỉì chè ngỉåìi Tán ngỉỵ sau dtỉì thay thãú
3. WHICH danh tỉì chè váût Ch ngỉỵ/ Tán ngỉỵ sau dtỉì thay thãú
4. THAT dtỉì chè ngỉåìi / váût Ch ngỉỵ/ Tán ngỉỵ sau dtỉì thay thãú
5. WHOSE tênh tỉì såí hỉỵu trỉåïc dtỉì Bäø nghéa cho dtỉì sau dtỉì thay thãú
6. WHERE tỉì chè nåi chäún

(at/in/on + which ;there)
Trảng ngỉỵ chè nåi
chäú
sau tỉì chè nåi
chäún
7. WHEN tỉì chè thåìi gian
(at/in/on + which ;then)
Trảng ngỉỵ chè thåìi
gian
sau tỉì chè thåìi
gian
8. WHY tỉì chè ngun nhán
(the reason)
Trảng ngỉỵ chè
ngun nhán
sau tỉì chè ngun
nhán
* Examples:
1. The woaman who lives next door is very friendly
2. The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle
3. The book which has some wonderful pictures is about the wifelife.
The dress which you gave me on my birthday is beautiful.
4. The book that you lent me is interesting.
This is the man that I have met before.
5. This is the woman whose son is a doctor.
They found a cat whose leg was broken.
6. I’ll never forget the day when ( on which) I met him.
That was the time when ( at which) he managed the company.
7. I went to the office where ( in which) my father works.
Dalat is the place where ( to which) I like to come.

8. I don’t know the reason why he left school.
III. Phán loải: Cọ 2 loải mãûnh âãư quan hãû
1. Mãnh âãư hản âënh ( Restrictive clause): l mãûnh âãư bbäø nghéa cho danh tỉì chỉa xạc
âënh, khäng cọ mãûnh âãư ny cáu khäng â nghéa.
Ex: I don’t know the man who is talking to Mary.
The picture which Tom is looking at is beatiful.
2. Mãûnh âãư khäng hản âënh (non - Restrictive claues): L mãûnh âãư bäù nghéa cho
danh tỉì â xạc âënh(Dtỉì riãng; Dtỉì sau tênh tỉì såí hỉỵu, tỉì chè âënh, , khäng cọ mãûnh âãư ny cáu
váùn â nghéa. Mãûnh âãư ny ngàn cạch våïi mãûnh âãư chênh bàòng 1 hồûc 2 dáúu pháøy.
Ex: - His father, who is working in this factory, will retire next year.
- I had a personal talk with Jane, who wanted to take that job.
IV. Mãûnh âãư quan hãû rụt gn: ( Reduced form of relative clause)
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
Ruùt goỹn bũng:
1. Hióỷn taỷi phỏn tổỡ
( Present participle): V - ING

khi õọỹng tổỡ trong móỷnh õóử quan hóỷ ồớ thóứ chuớ
õọỹng.
Ex: Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?
Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?
2. Quùa khổù phỏn tổỡ (
Past participle): V3/ V- ED khi õọỹng tổỡ trong móỷnh õóử quan hóỷ ồớ thóứ bởớ
õọỹng.
Ex: The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.
The students punished by the teacher are lazy.
3. To - infinitive
Ex: English is an important lanuage which we have to master.
English is an important lanuage to master.
V. Caùc trổồỡng hồỹp cỏửn lổu yù:

1. Khi WHOM , WHO, WHICH, THATlaỡm tỏn ngổợ ta coù thóứ lổồỹc boớ õi trong móỷnh õóử quan hóỷ.
Ex: Shes the person who(m) I met on the bus.
Shes the person I met on the bus.
2. THAT khọng õổồỹc duỡng trong móỷnh õóử khọng haỷn õởnh, móỷnh õóử quan hóỷ ruùt goỹn vaỡ khọng
õổùng sau giồùi tổỡ.
3. THAT thổồỡng õổồỹc duỡng sau danh tổỡ coù tờnh tổỡ so saùnh nhỏỳt (the best, the most, ) vaỡ caùc õaỷi
tổỡ khọng xaùc õởnh ( everybody, everyone, everything, somebody, someone, something, nobody,
noone, nothing, )
Ex: This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
PHệN B: BAèI TP
1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Mr. Pike is uor boss ,has just come back from Paris.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
2. The botanists are examining the plants were brought from Africa.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
3. Do you know the hotel ?
A. at which she is staying B. where she is staying
C. she is staying at D. all are correct
4. That is the new teacher about the student are talking.
A. that B. who C. whose D. whom
5. This subject going to discuss , is very important.
A. which we are B. which are we
B. that we are D. a and c are correct
6. The scientist invention was a success became famous
A. who B. whose C. which D. that
7. I knew some people
A. who could help you B. whom could help you
C. whose help could you D. could help you
8. That is the dress .
A. which made by Mary B. which making by Mary

C. was made by Mary D. made by Mary
9. The bicycle is very moderm.
A. I told you about which B. which about I told you
C. about I told you which D. about which I told you
10. Many diseases are no longer dangerous today
A. why people died of year ago B. which people died years ago
C. of that people died years ago D. that people died of years ago
11. Have you made a decision on the day ?
A. which you will set off B. when you will set off
B. at which you will set off D. where you will set off
12. The road is shaded with trees.
A. on which we go to school every day
B. at which we go to school every day
C. from which we go to school every day
D. where we go to school every day
13. Im standing at the window
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
A. in which I can see the lake B. where I can see the lake
C. at which I can see the lake D. from which I can see the lake
14. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop
A. when you can find valuable old books
B. why you can find valuable old books
C. where you can find valuable old books
D. which you can find valuable old books
15. Lan’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man
A. that she hardly knows him B. whom she hardly knows him
C. she hardly knows D. she hardly knows him
16. I come from the Seattle area, many successful companies such as Microsoft and
Boeing are located.
a. which b. that c. where d. whom

17. They have just visited the town location was little known.
a. where b. whose c. which d. that
18. one of the most creative artists in rock ‘n roll, came from California.
a. Frank Zappa, who was b. Frank Zappa was
c. Frank Zappa, that was d. Frank Zappa whom was
19. He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, was a stupid thing
to do.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
20. He lives in a small town
a. where is called Taunton b. which is called Taunton
c. is called Taunton d. that called Taunton
21. The house is more than 100 years old.
a. where I live b. in where I live c. in that I live d. where I live in
22. want to get a god job have to have certain qualifications and experience.
a. Who b. Those which c. Those who d. Those whom
23. Wild fires are common is the forest areas of Australia, of the US and Canada , the
climate is moist.
a. in where b. in that c. where d. which
24. King Henry , was Elizabeth I, led England into the Age of Empire.
a. daughter b. whom daughter c. which daughter d. whose daughter
25. Frank invited Janet, , to the party.
a. met in Japan b. meeting in Japan
c. whom he had met in Japan d. that he had met in Japan
26. The singer, Most recent recording has had much success, is signing autographs.
a. whose b. that c. who d. whom
27. He likes shopping between 1.00 and 3.00 pm, most people are at home.
a. when b. where c. in which d. at that
28. He took me to an expensive restaurant where we enjoyed a good meal.
a. enjoyed a good meal b. to enjoy a good meal
c. and enjoying a good meal d. we enjoyed a good meal in which

29. The fishermen and their boats were off the coast three days ago have just been
reported to be missing
a. which b. that c. who d. whom
30. The banker to I gave my check was quite friendly
a. who b. that c. whom d. which
31. Birds make nests in trees they can hide their young in the leaves and branches.
a. which b. where c. that d. in that
32. He lent me yesterday.
a. the book I need b. the book when I need
c. which book I need d. the book whose I need
33. cheat on the exam have to leave the room.
a. Those b. Who c. Those whom d. Those who
34. really a fish, has no brain, no bones, and no face.
a. A jelly fish is not b. A jelly fish, it is not
c. A jelly fish, which is not d. A jelly fish, that is not
35. We have a lot of things that we have to do today.
CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP
a. doing b. to do c. done d. do
36. The young man who lives next door is very kind to my family.
a. to live next door b. he lives next door
c. living next door d. lived next door
37. My father works for a construction company in
a. Winchester, which is a city in the U.K.
b. Winchester that is a city in the U.K.
c. Winchester is a city in the U.K.
d. Winchester where is a city in the U.K.
38. Ms Young, to many of her student are writing, is living happily and peacefully
in Canada.
a. who b. whom c. that d. whose
39. I saw a lot of new people at the party, seemed familiar.

a. some of whom b. some of who c. whom d. some of that
40. My friend eventually decided to quit her job, upset me a lot.
a. that b. when c. which d. who
41. He is the man car was stolen last week.
a. whom b. that c. which d. whose
42. They have just found the couple and their car were swept away during the heavy
storm last week.
a. that b. which c. whose d. when
43. It was the worst winter anyone could remember.
a. when b. which c. where d. why
44. I would like to know the reason he decided to quit the job.
a. why b. which c. that d. when
45. instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview.
a. John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone,
b. John Robbins, that I spoke to by telephone,
c. John Robbins I spoke to by telephone,
d. John Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone,
46. He was always coming up with new ideas , were absolutely impracticable.
a. most of whom b. that c. most of which most of that
47. She always had wanted to go to places she could speak her native tongue.
a. that b. in that c. which d. where
48. February is the month many of my colleagues take skiing holidays.
a. when b. that c. in that d. which
49. There was no one
a. I could ask for help b. when I could ask for help
c. I could ask whom for help d. for that I could ask for help.
50. The children were quite attracted by the tamer and his animals were performing on
the stage.
a. that b. which c. whom d. who
51. Is there anything else you want to ask?

a. what b. where c. whom d. that
LESSON 7: COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
(SO SAẽNH CUA TấNH Tặè VAè TRTANG Tặè)
PHệN A: LYẽ THUYT
I. So saùnh bũng ( Equal comparison)
1. Khúng õởnh: AS + ADJECTIVE + AS
2. Phuớ õởnh : NOT SO / AS + ADJ/ ADV + AS
Ex: This exercise is
as difficult as
that one.
She cooks
as well as
her mother does
He isnt
so/ as intelligent as
his brother.
John doesnt work
so/ as hard as
Mary
II. So saùnh hồn ( Comparative)
1. Vồùi tờnh tổỡ vaỡ traỷng tổỡ ngừn (coù 1 ỏm tióỳt)
SHORT ADJ/ ADV + ER + THAN
Ex: Nam is
taller than
his sister.
CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP
He works
harder than
his friend.
* Chụ : + Khi tinh tỉì cọ 1 ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng phủ ám, cọ ngun ám âi trỉåïc ta phi gáúp âäi

phủ ám räưi måïi thãm “ER”
Ex: hot hotter; big bigger ; thin thinner ; fat fatter
+ Khi tênh tỉì cọ 1 ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng “y” cọ phủ ám âi trỉåïc âäøi “y” thnh “i” räưi
thãm “ER”, v táûn cng bàòng “e” thç chè thãm “R” vo sau tỉì âọ.
Ex: dry drier ; large larger ; wide wider
+ Khi tinhs tỉì cọ 2 ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng “y”, “le”, “ow”, “er” thç âỉåüc xem l tênh tỉì
ngàõn.
Ex: happy happier ; gentle gentler ; narrow narrower ; clever cleverer
III. So sạnh nháút ( supperlative)
1. Våïi tênh tỉì/ trảng tỉì ngàõn:
THE + SHORT ADJ/ ADV + EST
Ex: The Nile is the longest river in the world.
She ran fastet in this competition.
2. Våïi tênh tỉì v trảng tỉì di:
THE MOST + LONG ADJ/ ADV
Ex: This is the most interesting.
He speaks French the most fluently.
*Chụ : Cọ nhỉỵng trỉåìng håüp giäúng nhỉ dảng so sạnh hån.
Ex: hot the hottest ; large the largest ; happy the happiest
MÄÜT SÄÚ TÊNH TỈÌ V TRẢNG TỈÌ BÁÚT QUY TÀÕC
Tênh tỉì/ Trảng tỉì So sạnh hån So sạnh nháút
Good/ Well
Bad/ Badly
Many/ Much
Little
Far
better
worse
more
less

farther/ further
the best
the worst
the most
the least
the farthest/ the furthest
IV. So sạnh kẹp ( Double comparatives) : Cọ 2 loải
1. So sạnh âäưng tiãún : ( cng ngy cng )
SHORT ADJ/ ADV + ER + AND + SHORT ADJ/ ADV + ER
MORE AND MORE + LONG ADJ/ ADV
Ex: The weather is
hotter and hotter
.
Mr Brown drives
faster and faster.
Mrs White becomes
more and more beautiful.
He speaks
more and more quickly
.
2. So sạnh ly tiãún: ( Cng cng )
THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V, THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V
Ex: The fatter they get, the more tired they feel.
The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try.
The larger the house is, the more expensive it is.
The harder we study, the more easily we pass the exam.
PHÁƯN B: BI TÁÛP
I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. He studies his two brothers.
a. much better than b. more better than c. more good than d. very better than

2. The worker was his boss expected, so he was offered a raise.
a. more hard-working b. as hard-working than
c. more hard - working than d. more hard - working as
3. you study for the exams, you will do it.
a. The harder/ the better b. The more/ the much
c. The harded/ the much d. The mor hard/ the more good
4. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that it is at night he plays his
music!
a. the less/ the more loud b. the less/ less
c. the more/ the more loudlier d. the later/ the louder
5. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become .
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
a. more and more good b. better and better
c. the more and more good d. the more hard/ the more good
6. The Sea Towrer is building in Chicago.
a. taller b. the more tall c. the tallest d. taller and taller
7. Petrol is it used to.
a. twice as expensive as b. tiwce expensive more than
c. tiwce more than expensive d. more expensive than tiwce
8. Peter is John.
a. younger and more intelligent than b. more young and intelligent than
c. more intelligent and younger than d. the more intelligent and younger than
9. San Diago is town in Southern in California.
a. more nice and nice b. the nicer
c. the nicest d. nicer and nicer
10. It gets when the winter is coming.
a. cold and cold b. the coldest and coldest
c. colder and colder d. more and more cold
11. Robert does not have Peter does.
a. money more than b. as many money as

c. more money as d. as much money as
12. The Mekong Delta is deltas in Vietnam.
a. the largest of the two b. the more larger of the two
c. one of the largest d. one of the larger
13. As she did so, her parents becamr
a. the angeriest b. the most angry c. the more angry d. angrier and angrier
14. People should eat and do to reduce the risk of heart disease.
a. less fat/ more exercise b. less and less fat/ the more exercise
c. the less fat/ the more exercise d. fatter/ more exercise
15. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. the food is, he likes it
a. The hotter/ the more and more b. The hotter/ the more
c. The more and more hot/ the more d. The hottest/ the most
16. Of course you can come to the party,
a. the more and merrier b. the more and the merrier
c. the more and merrier d. the more and more merrier
17. I feel I did yesterday.
a. much more tired than b. many more tired tyhan
c. as many tired as d. as more tired as
18. She is a spectator.
a. more an ethlete than b. more of an athlete than
c. an athlete more than d. an athlete of more than
19. His house is mine.
a. tiwce as big as b. as tiwce big as
c. as two times big as d. as big as twice
20. It gets to understand what professor has explained.
a. the more difficult b. more difficult than c. difficult more and more d. more and more
difficult
21. You must drive slower in built up areas. you drive in the city, it
is that you will have an accident.
a. The faster and faster/ the more

b. The faster/ the more probable
c. The more and mor fast/ the more and more probable
d. The more fastly/ the probable
22. The party was I had expected.
a. more a hundred times fun than b. a hundred times fun more than
c. a hundred times more fun than d. more fun thann a hundred times
23. He finds phisics other science subjects.
a. far more difficult than b. many more difficult than
c. too much more difficult than d. more much difficult than
24. he drank, he became.
a. More/ more violent b. The most / the most violent
CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP
c. The more/ the more violent d. The less / less violent
25. Mary was of the two sisters.
a. the clever b. as cdlever as c. trhe cleverer d. the cleverest
26. French is a language to learn than English is.
a. difficult b. more difficult c. most difficult d. more and more difficult
27. The cuisine of France is
a. more famous than that of England b. famous than the cuisine of England
c. more famous than which of England d. as famous than that of England
28. Earning has always been the thing that pleases him most . he
becomrs, he is.
a. The more rich/ the more happy b. The richest / the happiest
c. The richer/ the happier d. Richer and richer / happier and happier
29. The fast we finish,
a. the sooner we can leave b. we can leave sooner and sooner
c. the sooner can we leave d. we can leave the sooner
30. Of all athletes, Alex is
a. the less qualified b. the less and less qualified
c. the more and more qualified d. the least quilified

31. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got
a. more panicked b. the more panicked
c. more than panicked d. more and more panicked
32. The more you pull on it, it gets.
a. the tightest b. the tighter
c. the more tightest d. the most tightest
33. Flower oils are of the ingredients used in making perfume.
a. among expensive b. being most expensive
c. among the most expensive d. expensive
34. John doesn’t work his brother.
a. as hard as b. as hardly as c. more hardly than d. hardlier than
35. live in Ho Chi Minh city than in the whole of the rest of the country.
a. As much as people b. More people
c. As many as people d. People more
II. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same
meaning as the given one.
36.The more money peter makes, the more his wife spends.
a.Peter spends more money than his wife.
b.Peter and his wife both make money.
c.Peter spends the money his wife makes.
d.Peter’s wife keeps spending their money.
37.The exam was much easier than he had expected.
a.The exam was much easier that he finished it all.
b. He did not find the exam as difficult as he had thought.
c. It’s possible for him to perform well on the exam.
d. He had expected that the exam was easy.
38.Peter drives more carefully trhan Tom.
a.Peter is a more careless driver than Tom.
b.Tom doesn’t drive as carefully as Peter.
c.Peter isn’t a more careful driver than Tom

d.Tom driver less careful than Peter.
39.The book interested me more than the film.
a. I thought the book was more interesting than the film.
b. In my opinion the film was not as interesred as the book.
c. I thought the book didn’t interest me as the film.
d. In my opinion the film bored me than the book.
40. The South of England is drier tha the north.
a. There is not as much rain in the south of England as in the north.
b. There is not as dry in the north of England as in the south.
c. There is not so dry in the south of England as in the north.