Học php, mysql và javascript - p 51 docx

Using PEAR, you can save yourself a considerable amount of work, but if you still prefer
not to use it, at least you will now recognize PEAR packages when you see them used
in other programs and will know how to work with them.
Adding Other PEAR Packages
With PEAR properly installed on your system, you are able to install additional pack-
ages from the command line by using one of the commands in Table E-2, where
package is the name of a PEAR package, as listed at the web page />packages.php.
Table E-2. Installing PEAR packages on different systems
System Command
Windows "C:\Program Files\EasyPHP 3.0\php\pear" install package
Mac OS X /Applications/MAMP/bin/pear install package
Linux Unix pear install package
To determine which packages are installed, replace install package in Table E-2 with
the word list and the output should be similar to the following:
INSTALLED PACKAGES, CHANNEL PEAR.PHP.NET:
=========================================
PACKAGE VERSION STATE
Archive_Tar 1.3.2 stable
Console_Getopt 1.2.3 stable
MDB2 2.4.1 stable
MDB2_Driver_mysql 1.4.1 stable
PEAR 1.7.2 stable
Structures_Graph 1.0.2 stable
Unit Testing with PHPUnit
Now that you are familiar with object-oriented programming, it’s a good idea to get a
taste
of unit testing. This is a method of code testing that verifies whether individual
units of source code are working correctly.
Unit testing provides the following benefits:
• It allows for automation of the testing process.
• It reduces the difficulty of discovering errors within more complex code.

• Testing is often enhanced because attention is given to each unit.
Install PHPUnit with the PEAR installer. To do this, go to a Command or Terminal
prompt, ensure that you have Administrator or Superuser privileges, and issue the two
Unit Testing with PHPUnit | 481
lines of code in Table E-3, according to your operating system. (On Windows systems,
ignore and close any pop-up “Invalid configuration directive” alerts that may appear.)
Table E-3. Commands for Installing PHPUnit on different systems
System Instructions to type from an Administrator Command prompt or a Terminal window
XP/Vista
(4 instructions)
cd \Program Files\EasyPHP 3.0\php
pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
Xcopy /E pear\*.* includes
Mac OS X
(3 instructions)
cd /Applications/MAMP/bin
pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
Linux/Unix
(2 instructions)
pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
The two main commands register the PEAR channel on your system, download
PHPUnit, and install it. On Windows, you need the additional XCOPY command to
resolve a file and path bug in EasyPHP 3.0. Press the A key if prompted to “Overwrite
(Yes/No/All)?”.
You are then ready to take on some powerful bug testing. But first, let’s look at how
you might perform testing without PHPUnit. So, for example, consider the case of
testing PHP’s in-built array and the function sizeof and its alias count. For a newly

created array, sizeof should return a value of 0 and then increase by 1 for every new
element added, as in Example E-2.
Example E-2. Testing array and sizeof
$names = array();
echo sizeof($names) . "<br />";
$names[] = 'Bob';
echo count($names) . "<br />"; // count is an alias of sizeof
As you would expect, the output from this code is:
0
1
In Example E-3, this code is expanded to support automatic interpretation by writing
the comparison of the expected and actual values, outputting “OK” if the value is cor-
rect and “Not OK” if it isn’t.
482 | Appendix E: Using PEAR and PHPUnit
Example E-3. Modified Example E-2 to output OK/Not OK
$names = array();
echo sizeof($names) == 0 ? "OK<br />" : "Not OK<br />";
$names[] = 'Bob';
echo sizeof($names) == 1 ? "OK<br />" : "Not OK<br />";
Helpful
as this code is, there’s an even better way to handle errors, which is to display
a message only when a value is incorrect. Example E-4 uses function assertTrue to do
this by throwing an exception.
Example E-4. Modified Example E-2 to throw an exception
$names = array();
assertTrue(sizeof($names) == 0);
$names[] = 'Bob';
assertTrue(sizeof($names) == 1);
function assertTrue($condition)
{

if (!$condition) throw new Exception('Assertion failed.');
}
Now we’ve arrived at a fully automated test, let’s look at how we would rewrite it using
PHPUnit (see Example E-5).
Example E-5. PHPUnit testing in action
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php';
class ArrayTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
public function testNewArrayIsEmpty()
{
$names = array();
$this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($names));
}
public function testArrayContainsAnElement()
{
$names = array();
$names[] = 'Bob';
$this->assertEquals(1, sizeof($names));
}
}
$testObject = new ArrayTest;
$testObject->testNewArrayIsEmpty();
$testObject->testArrayContainsAnElement();
Unit Testing with PHPUnit | 483
The first thing to notice is that PHPUnit/Framework.php has been included in order to
make the PHPUnit classes available to the program. After that, the program defines a
new class that extends the PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase class. This new class contains
two methods: one for testing a newly created array and another for testing an array
containing an element.
The rules for writing PHPUnit tests are:

• The tests for a class called Class go into a class with the name ClassTest.
• ClassTest usually inherits from PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase.
• The tests are public methods that are named testSomethingDescriptive.
• Inside the test methods, assertion methods such as assertEquals are used to assert
that an actual value matches an expected value.
And there you have it. The three lines of code at the end of Example E-5 create a new
test object called $testObject and then call each of the object’s methods in turn. All
being well, this program will display nothing, so to see the output from PHPUnit, try
changing the 0 or 1 parameters in the assertEquals calls to other values.
A comprehensive and easy-to-follow manual on PHPUnit is available at http://www
.phpunit.de. Click “Read the documentation” to view it in either HTML or PDF format.
484 | Appendix E: Using PEAR and PHPUnit
Index
Symbols
! (exclamation mark)
!= (not equal) operator, 43, 65, 68, 309,
321
!== (not identical) operator, 65, 68, 309,
321
logical not operator, 44, 309, 321, 324
precedence in PHP, 65
NOT operator, 69
" " (quotation marks, double)
escaping in JavaScript strings, 310
in multiline PHP strings, 47
in MySQL search strings, 189
in PHP strings, 38, 46
in JavaScript strings, 306
$ (dollar sign)
$ function in JavaScript, 316

end-of-line matching in
regular expressions,
366, 367
preceding PHP variable names, 37
omitting when using -> operator, 105
% (percent sign)
%= (modulus assignment) operator, 43, 65,
308, 321
modulus operator, 42, 65, 308, 321
& (ampersand)
&& (logical and) operator, 44, 309, 321,
324
precedence of, 321
&& (logical and) operator/precedence in
PHP, 65
&= (bitwise and assignment) operator, 65,
321
bitwise and operator, 65
variables passed by reference, 94
' ' (quotation marks, single)
enclosing PHP array items, 40
escaping in JavaScript strings, 310
in PHP strings, 46
in JavaScript strings, 306
( ) (parentheses)
forcing operator precedence, 65
function call in JavaScript, 321
function call in PHP, 90
grouping in regular expressions, 363, 367
implied, indicating operator precedence,

65
precedence in PHP, 65
* (asterisk)
*= (multiplication assignment)
operator, 43,
65, 308, 321
multiplication operator, 42, 65, 308, 321
regular expression metacharacter, 361, 367
wildcard character, use with SELECT
command, 183
+ (plus sign)
++ (increment) operator, 42, 45, 308, 310,
321
precedence in PHP, 65
using in while loop, 80
+= (addition assignment) operator, 43, 45,
65, 308, 321
addition and string concatenation operator
in JavaScript, 321
addition operator, 42, 65, 308
Boolean mode in MySQL searches, 189
regular expression metacharacter, 362, 367
string concatenation operator in JavaScript,
310, 321
We’d like to hear your suggestions for improving our indexes. Send email to
485
, (comma)
comma operator in JavaScript, 321
separating statements within parameter
section of loop, 82

- (hyphen)
indicating ranges in regular expressions,
364, 367
- (minus sign)
-= (subtraction assignment) operator, 43
-> operator (PHP), 105
. (period)
.= (string concatenation and assignment)
operator, 43, 46, 65
member operator in JavaScript, 321
in regular expressions, 362, 367
separating objects, properties, and methods
in JavaScript, 314
string concatenation operator, 46, 65
/ (slash)
/* and */ in JavaScript multiline comments,
305
/* and */ in PHP comments*, 36
// in JavaScript single-line comments, 305
// in PHP comments, 36
/= (division assignment) operator, 43, 65,
308, 321
division operator, 42, 65, 308, 321
enclosing regular expressions, 361, 367
/i (case-insensitive matching) in regular
expressions, 369
: (colon)
:: (scope resolution) operator in PHP, 106
using with self keyword, 107
replacing first curly brace in PHP switch

statement, 77
; (semicolon)
ending JavaScript statements, 305
ending MySQL commands, 163
ending PHP statements, 37
separating parameters in for loop, 82
< (less than) operator, 43, 65, 68, 309, 321,
324
<< (bitwise left shift) operator, 65, 321
<<< (heredoc) operator, 48
<<= (bitwise left shift and assignment)
operator, 65, 321
<= (less than or equal to) operator, 43, 65, 68,
309, 321, 324
<> (not equal) operator, 65
<? ?> tags in PHP code, 5
<?php ?> tags, 34
importance in login file, 226
omitting closing tag, 35
= (equals sign)
== (equal to) operator, 43, 65, 67, 309, 321,
323
=== (identity) operator, 65, 68, 309, 321,
323
=> assigning value to array index, 118
assignment operator, 43, 65, 308, 321
> (greater than) operator, 43, 65, 68, 309, 321,
324
>= (greater than or equal to) operator, 43, 65,
68, 309, 321, 324

>> (bitwise right shift) operator, 65, 321
>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment)
operator, 65, 321
>>> (bitwise unsigned right shift) operator,
321
>>>= (unsigned right shift and assignment)
operator, 321
? (question mark)
? : (ternary) operator, 65, 77, 321, 331
encoding in URL for GET request, 399
regular expression metacharacter, 367
[ ] (square brackets)
accessing array elements in JavaScript, 348,
349
array element, accessing, 122
character classes in regular expressions, 364,
367
member operator in JavaScript, 321
\ (backslash)
escaping characters in JavaScript, 310
escaping characters in PHP strings, 47
escaping regular expression metacharacters,
363
^ (caret)
beginning-of-line matching in regular
expressions, 366, 367
bitwise xor operator, 65
negating character class in regular
expressions, 364, 367
^= (bitwise xor with assignment) operator,

65, 321
_ (underscore)
double underscore (__), beginning method
names in PHP, 105
486 | Index
in PHP variable names, 42
` ` (backticks), execution operator, 63
{ } (curly braces)
in do . . . while loops, 81
in if . . . else statement in PHP, 72
in if . . . elseif . . . else statement in PHP, 73
in if statements in PHP, 71
in switch command in PHP, replacing, 77
in while loops, 79
statement execution in function calls, 92
| (pipe character)
bitwise or operator, 65
regular expression metacharacter, 367
|= (bitwise or with assignment) operator, 65,
321
|| (logical or) operator, 44, 65, 309, 321,
324
problems caused by, 325
~ (bitwise not) operator in JavaScript, 321
– (minus sign)
(decrement) operator, 42, 45, 308, 310,
321
precedence in PHP, 65
-= (subtraction assignment) operator, 45,
65, 308, 321

Boolean mode in MySQL searches, 189
subtraction and string operator in
JavaScript, 321
subtraction operator, 42, 65, 308
A
ActiveX, 378
Ajax, xiii, 8, 377–392
checking availability of usernames for email
accounts, 10
choosing framework for JavaScript, 393
description of, 378
using XMLHttpRequest, 378–391
cross-browser function for, 378
example program (urlpost.html), 380–
385
GET method, using in example program,
385–387
properties and methods, 379
sending XML requests, 387–391
using YUI, 394–400
Ajax XML example, 399–400
asyncRequest method, 397
GET request (example), 397
including framework files, 396
alphabetical sort (JavaScript sort method), 352
ALTER command, 173
adding auto-incrementing column, 172
creating table index, 178
removing a column, 173
renaming a table, 175

and operator
&&, 44, 309
low-precedence and, 44
precedence in PHP, 65
AND operator, 69
AND operator (in MySQL), 194
anonymous functions, 382
Apache web server, 8
arguments array (JavaScript functions), 338
arithmetic operators
JavaScript, 308
PHP, 42
array function (PHP), testing, 482
array keyword (JavaScript), 347
array keyword (PHP), 118
arrays
fetching row from MySQL database as
associative array, 274
JavaScript, 307, 346–353
associative arrays, 347
concat method, 349
forEach method, 349
join method, 350
multidimensional arrays, 348
numeric arrays, 346
push and pop methods, 350
reverse method, 352
sort method, 352
PHP, 39, 115–128
assignment using array keyword, 118

associative arrays, 117
foreach . . . as loop, 119–120
multidimensional, 121–123
numerically indexed, adding items, 115
two-dimensional, 40
using array functions, 123–128
returning from PHP function call, 93
returning with JavaScript functions, 341
array_combine function, checking existence of,
98
AS keyword (MySQL), 194
assignment
Index | 487
combining with expressions in PHP, 63
to PHP arrays, using array keyword, 118
variable type, setting in JavaScript, 311
assignment operators
JavaScript, 308
PHP, 43
associative arrays
in JavaScript, 347
in PHP, 117
$_FILES array, 145
multidimensional, 121
walking through, using foreach . . . as,
119
walking through, using list and each
functions, 120
associativity, operator, 66
in JavaScript, 322

authentication, 279
(see also HTTP authentication)
login page for social networking site project,
418
simplifying with sessions, 291
starting session after, 289
storing user IP addresses, 293
AUTO_INCREMENT data type, 172
using in MySQL table from PHP, 243
B
\b (backspace character) in JavaScript strings,
310
\B (nonword boundary) in regular expressions,
367
\b (word boundary) in regular expressions,
367
backups and restores in MySQL, 219–223
creating backup file, 220
planning backups, 223
restoring from backup file, 222
using mysqldump, 219
BEGIN command, 216
Berners-Lee, Tim, 1
BIGINT data type, 171
BINARY data type, 169
binary operators, 64
bitwise operators, 63
BLOB data type, 170
blogging platform, WordPress, 86
Boolean expressions in JavaScript, 319

Boolean mode in MATCH . . . AGAINST
queries, 189
break command
using in JavaScript loops, 333
using in JavaScript switch statement, 330
using in PHP for loop, 83
using in PHP switch statement, 76
browser/server request/response dialog with
cookies, 279
browsers, 1
basic request/response procedure, 2
catching JavaScript errors with try . . . catch,
327
dynamic request/response procedure, 3
forEach method, cross-browser solution,
350
JavaScript, 299
JavaScript error messages, accessing, 303
JavaScript implementations, differences in,
7
older and nonstandard, not supporting
scripting, 301
reading link URL in JavaScript, 316
user agent string, 294
XMLHttpRequest object, cross-browser
function, 378
browsing history (JavaScript history object),
317
bumpyCaps convention, 338, 342
BYTE data type, 169

C
calendar (YUI), 400–403
callbacks, YUI asyncRequest method, 397
carriage return (\r)
in JavaScript strings, 310
in PHP strings, 47
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), manipulation
with JavaScript, 5
case commands in switch statement, 76
case-insensitive matching in regular
expressions (/i), 369
case-insensitivity, function names in PHP, 92
casting
explicit, JavaScript and, 334
implicit and explicit in PHP, 84
CERN (European Laboratory for Particle
Physics), 1
488 | Index
CGI (Common Gateway Interface), server-side
scripting, 5
CHANGE keyword, specifying data type, 176
CHAR data type, 168
listing of CHAR types, 169
character classes in regular expressions, 363
negating, 364
check user program (social networking site
project), 417
checkboxes in forms, 257
submitting multiple values with an array,
258

checkdate function (PHP), 136
classes
declaring in JavaScript, 342
defined, 89
PHP, 99
declaring, 100
inheritance and extension, 109–113
static properties and methods, 108
Classic FTP, 28
clone operator (PHP), 103
cloning objects in PHP, 102
Codd, E. F., 203
code examples from this book, xvi
viewing and downloads, 35
website, 406
columns
adding auto-incrementing column, 173
adding new column and viewing its data,
175
changing data type, 175
defined, 158
removing, 173, 176
renaming, 176
comma (,)
comma operator in JavaScript, 321
separating statements within parameter
section of loop, 82
Comma-Separated Values format (see CSV
format)
command prompts, MySQL, 163

command-line interface, accessing MySQL,
158–177
Linux users, 161
Mac OS X users, 160
MySQL commands, 164–168
MySQL data types, 168–177
using MySQL on, 163
Windows users, 159
commands, MySQL, 164–168
canceling, 163
comment tags in HTML <! and >, 301
comments
JavaScript, 305
PHP, 36
COMMIT command, 216
compact function, using with PHP arrays, 126
comparison operators
JavaScript, 309, 324
PHP, 43, 68
concat method (JavaScript), 349
condition expression (for loop), 81
conditionals
in JavaScript, 328–331
? operator, 331
if statement, 328
switch statement, 329
in PHP, 70–78
? operator, 77
else statement, 72
elseif statement, 73

if statement, 71
switch statement, 74–77
connection-min.js file, 396
connections, database
closing MySQL database connection from
PHP, 231
closing PEAR MDB2 connection, 479
connecting to MySQL from PHP, 227–231
creating connect instance using PEAR
MDB2, 477
constants
PHP, 50
date constants, 136
defining within a class, 107
predefined, 51
constructors
JavaScript classes, 342
PHP classes, 104
subclass constructors, 111
constructs (pseudofunctions), 90
content types, Internet media, 147
continue statements, 84
using in JavaScript loops, 334
cookies, 279–282
accessing in PHP, 281
Index | 489
browser/server request/response dialog
with, 279
destroying in PHP, 282
forcing cookie-only sessions, 296

setting in PHP, 281
third-party, 279
copy function (PHP), 139
count function (PHP), counting array elements,
124
COUNT qualifier, SELECT command, 183
CREATE command
adding auto-incrementing id column, 173
adding indexes when creating tables, 179
CREATE INDEX, 179
creating a table in MySQL, 167
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) injections, 248
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), manipulation
with JavaScript, 5
CSV (Comma-Separated Values) format, 219
dumping data in, using mysqldump, 222
D
\d (digit character) in regular expressions, 368
\d (digit character) in regular expressions, 364
\D (nondigit character) in regular expressions,
368
data types
casting, in PHP, 84
JavaScript type-changing functions, 334
MySQL, 168–177
AUTO_INCREMENT type, 172
BINARY types, 169
BLOB, 170
changing for column, 175
CHAR types, 169

DATE and TIME types, 172
numeric, 170
TEXT and VARCHAR types, 170
variable typing in JavaScript, 311
databases, 6
creating in MySQL, 165
defined, 157
design in MySQL
highly inefficient table design, 203
requirements of First Normal Form,
205
designing in MySQL, 201
privacy and, 214
selecting database for PHP query in MySQL,
228
triggers, 211
DATE and TIME data types, 172
date and time functions (PHP), 133–137
checkdate, 136
date constants, 136
date function (PHP), 53, 134
date functions (MySQL), 465–471
DATETIME data type, 172
debugging JavaScript errors, 303
decrement operator ( ), 42, 45
in JavaScript, 308
variable decrementing in JavaScript, 310
decrementing variables in JavaScript, 310
default action for switch statement
in JavaScript, 330

in PHP, 76
default values in forms, 255
DELETE command, 184
issuing DELETE FROM query using PHP,
242
dependencies in table data, 209
DESC keyword (MySQL), 191
DESCRIBE command, 168
issuing from PHP, 239
destroy_session_and_data function (PHP),
292
destructor methods (PHP5), 104
development server, setting up, 13–32
installing LAMP on Linux, 25–26
installing MAMP on Mac OS X, 19–25
installing WAMP on Windows, 14–18
using a program editor, 29
using an IDE, 30
WAMP, MAMP, or LAMP, 13
working remotely, 26–28
die function (PHP), 227
different_user function (PHP), 294
digits (\d) in regular expressions, 364
DISTINCT qualifier, SELECT command, 184
DNS (Domain Name Service), 3
do . . . while loops, 81
in JavaScript, 332
DOCTYPE declaration, 153
HTML 4.01 document types, 153
XHTML 1.0 document types, 153

Document Object Model (see DOM)
DOM (Document Object Model), 314–318
490 | Index