Thiết kế mạng xã hội với PHP - 2 pdf

Table of Contents
[ ii ]
Chapter 2: Planning and Developing the Core Framework 21
Designing the framework 22
Patterns—making life easier 22
MVC: Model-View-Controller 22
The Front Controller pattern 24
Registry 24
Folder structure 26
Building the framework 28
Registry 28
The registry object 28
Registry objects 31
Front Controller: single point of access 56
index.php 56
.htaccess 58
Summary 59
Chapter 3: Users, Registration, and Authentication 61
Privacy policies 62
Users 63
Our user object 63
Our authentication registry object 65
POST authentication 67
SESSION authentication 68
Structuring the database 69
Registration 70
Standard details 70
Hooking additional elds on 76
Processing the registration 80
Creating the prole 80
Putting it all together: registration constructor 81

CAPTCHA 82
General CAPTCHA 83
reCAPTCHA 83
Where do I sign up? 83
E-mail verication 86
Sending e-mails 86
Sending the e-mail verication e-mail 90
Authentication with our authentication object 90
Logging in 90
Are we logged in? 91
Logging out 91
Remember me 92
Help! I've forgotten! 92
Username 92
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Table of Contents
[ iii ]
Password 94
Let them reset the password 96
Summary 98
Chapter 4: Friends and Relationships 99
Inviting friends 99
Manually inviting friends 100
Invitation controller 101
Automatically inviting friends 101
Google Friend Connect 101
Windows Live contacts 102
Yahoo! 102
Gmail contacts 102
Automatically connecting with friends 102

Members 102
Listing users 103
Pagination 103
Paginated members 110
Paginated users by letter 113
Searching for users 117
Custom relationships 121
Relationship types 121
Relationships 122
Adding friends 122
Forming a relationship 122
Relationship model 125
Relationship controller 129
Mutual relationships—accepting or rejecting a request 131
Pending requests 131
Accepting a pending request 133
Rejecting a pending request 134
Listing friends 134
Our friends 134
Their friends 136
Mutual friends 136
Friends in your prole 137
Summary 137
Chapter 5: Proles and Statuses 139
User proles 139
Extendable prole 140
Prole controller 140
Core shared information 142
Static prole 151
Viewing the prole 151

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Table of Contents
[ iv ]
Relationships—some improvements 155
Editing the prole 157
Statuses 170
Statuses database table 170
Statuses types database table 170
Different types of status 171
Template improvements 171
Listing statuses 173
Templates 175
In action 176
Likes, dislikes, and comments 176
Comments 176
Summary 180
Chapter 6: Status Stream 181
What is a status stream? 181
Stream model 182
Building the stream 182
Relationships—get the IDs! 184
Friendly times 185
The rest… 188
Stream controller 189
Generating the stream 190
Comments, likes, and dislikes 193
Comments 193
Likes and dislikes 194
Views 195
Main template 195

Status type templates 196
In action 196
Room for improvement 196
A system stream for administrators 197
Summary 198
Chapter 7: Public and Private Messages 199
Public messages 199
Controller 199
Displaying prole messages 200
Displaying the post message box 201
Displaying a conrmation message 207
View 208
In action 209
Private messages 210
Database 210
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Table of Contents
[ v ]
Message model 211
Messages model 217
Controllers and views 218
Listing messages 219
Reading a message 220
Deleting a message 223
Composing a new message 224
Creating a message template 227
In action 228
Room for improvement? 228
Sent items 228
Replies 229

Group messages 229
Summary 229
Chapter 8: Statuses—Other Media 231
Why support other media types? 231
Changes to the view 232
Template 232
jQuery to enhance the user experience 233
View in action 234
Images 234
Database table 234
Model 235
Class, variable, and constructor 235
Processing the image upload 236
Saving the status 244
Video (via YouTube) 244
Database 244
Model 245
Links 246
Database 246
Model 247
Extending the proles 248
Processing the new status posts 249
Altering our prole status' query 250
Status views 250
Images 250
Video 250
Links 251
In action 251
Images 251
Videos 252

Links 252
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Table of Contents
[ vi ]
Repeat! 252
Summary 253
Chapter 9: Events and Birthdays 255
Let's plan 255
Calendars: what do we need to be able to do? 256
Calendar library 256
Generating the month 259
Days in the month 262
Ordered days 264
Previous month 264
Next month 265
Displaying a calendar 265
Generate and output 266
Multiple calendars 271
With events 272
Birthdays 272
Getting relationship IDs 273
Setting up the calendar 273
Getting the birthdays 275
Passing them to the calendar 275
The results 276
Events 277
Event model 277
Events model 284
Attendees, invitations, and RSVPs 288
RSVPs 290

Controller 290
Creating an event 290
Calendar of events 294
Viewing an event 294
Upcoming events 297
Reminders 298
On-site notications 298
E-mail notications 298
SMS notications 298
Summary 299
Chapter 10: Groups 301
Some planning 301
Group information 302
Types of groups 302
Ownership 303
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Table of Contents
[ vii ]
Membership 303
Features 303
A group 303
Discussion 303
Database 304
Post 305
Topic 308
The group itself 315
Group table 315
Model 315
Creating a group 321
Controller 321

View 323
Creating a group—in action 324
Viewing a group 324
Membership 324
Controller 331
View 334
In action 335
Discussing within a group 335
Group controller additions 336
View 338
Discussion in action—viewing a topic 340
Joining a group 340
Joining (public) groups 340
Groups 342
Listing groups 342
Group controller addition 342
Template 344
In action 344
My groups 345
Addition to the group's controller 345
Template le 345
In action 346
Summary 346
Chapter 11: Developing an API 347
What is an API and why should we create one? 347
APIs in social networks 348
Facebook 348
MySpace 348
OpenSocial 349
Some planning 349

What should it do, and who should be able to do what? 349
How should it work? 350
How could it work? 351
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Table of Contents
[ viii ]
Let's go with REST 352
Further reading 354
Implementation 354
Data format 354
API controller 355
Wait—no models? 359
Authentication 359
Delegating control: API controllers for our features 363
Prole's delegate 363
An Application Framework API 368
One solution: use OpenSocial 369
Consuming 369
POSTing data to our API with cURL 371
Summary 371
Chapter 12: Deployment, Security, and Maintenance 373
Deploying the site 373
Choosing a domain name 374
Registering a domain name 374
Popular domain name registrars 374
Signing up with a hosting provider 375
Choosing a web hosting provider 375
Considerations for hosts of social networking websites 377
Popular web hosting providers 377
Setting the nameservers for the domain 378

Creating a database on the hosting account 378
With cPanel hosting control panel 378
With appropriate privileges on phpMyAdmin 380
Exporting our local database 381
Importing our local database to the hosting account 382
Changing some of our database records 383
Changing our database conguration options 384
Uploading the les 384
Testing 385
Automating deployment 385
Security 386
Server Security 387
Software 387
Securing the site with a rewall 388
Shared hosting precautions 388
Passwords 388
Error reporting 389
Directory listings 390
SPAM 390
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Table of Contents
[ ix ]
Maintenance 390
Backing up and restoring your social network 390
With cPanel 391
Using the command line 392
Do they work? 393
Access logs and statistics 393
Summary 394
Chapter 13: Marketing, SEO, User Retention,

and Monetization Strategies 395
Marketing 396
Online advertising 396
Pay-Per-Click 396
Advertising space 398
Newsletter advertising 400
Newsletters 401
Social marketing 401
Viral marketing campaigns 402
Twitter 402
RSS feeds 402
Search engine optimization 403
On-site SEO 403
Headings 403
Links 404
Up to date, relevant content 404
Page metadata 404
Site speed 405
Search engine goodies—sitemaps and tools 405
Off-site SEO 406
What to look for in an SEO company 407
User retention 407
E-mails for the user's action 407
User feedback 408
Hello there! 408
Monetization options 408
Final tips: web stats 408
Summary 409
Chapter 14: Planning for Growth 411
Code performance 412

Code proling 412
Slow queries 412
Compression 413
Useful tools and resources 413
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Table of Contents
[ x ]
Server performance 414
Apache 414
MySQL 415
Alternative web servers 415
Scaling 415
VPS Cloud Hosting 415
Additional servers 416
Caching systems 416
Memcached 417
Available caching systems 417
Redundancy 417
Content Delivery Networks 418
Message queues 419
Message queue versus database table 419
What can we queue? 419
Processing queued tasks 419
No SQL 420
Learn from the experts 420
Farm it out 421
Summary 421
Index 423
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Preface

Social networking has quickly become a very popular activity on the Internet,
particularly with sites such as Facebook and MySpace. When it comes to creating
social networks there are many options to chose from, including off-the-shelf
systems, making use of existing social networks (for example, building a Facebook
application or creating a Facebook page), or building something yourself. While
it may be easy to nd existing solutions, the only way to have one looking and
behaving exactly as you want is to build it yourself.
By initially developing a light-weight Model-View-Controller-style framework
with PHP, which can easily be extended to give us a stable and solid platform
to work with making common tasks easier and giving us a structure for our
social networking code, we can rapidly develop a custom, powerful social
networking website.
Within the rst few chapters, you will have a suite of les that deal with template
management, database management, user authentication management, and e-mail
sending. Once this is in place, social networking-centric features can be rapidly
developed and plugged into the framework, including user registration and
dealing with forgotten details, user proles, building connections with users,
sending messages, sharing information, forming groups, a Developer API,
and events and birthday calendars.
At the end of this book, you will have a powerful social networking platform that
can take the user all the way from the signup process to forming relationships and
creating groups of users. The platform is developed in a very exible way, so the
needs of any social networking site can be met, with new features easily and quickly
added in as the needs of the site change.
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