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Ngân hàng đề ôn thi ĐH môn Vật Lý Lớp A1-K49-Lý Tự Trọng
Chương :Dao động cơ học & Sóng cơ học
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8(1#L#9%9=>&4">&4;
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7(A2#C(
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#L!1 'U!V%=%9H1>&4"2<N2
5(I(7(I (I 8(I(
9131<!A' U1 !V#L3Q#$2,3
F<#%[(M9YQ0193HJ.13A22
5(,' !7(,'  !('  !8(,' U @V !
+133"DE?(\Q$41<9J>&4;(e1
$1d %=2X41<9#L,2QH1>&f(7"<!A01
134;
_g9133AP1B3$12 (\3<"%=
2X4d<13!2<9H1>&AP1?*2
5(I2<(7(,2<(+2<8(2<
'g9133AP1B3$12 (\3<"%=
2X4d<13!2<9H1>&AP1?*B3#C2

5(I2<(7(,2<(+2<8(2<((
32d2?3h9iA%2#LB33<012?3j<%1012?3>(
k9Z>&4;2?3bI()* *' !

(%.130132d4;
5('I'!(7(''!(I!(8('(',!
32d2?3h9iA%2#LB33<012?3j<%1012?3>(
k9Z>&4;2?3b()* *' !

(\<!130132d4;
5(+,-]7(+-](('-]8(I('-]
+32d2?3h9iA%2#L*''B33<012?3j<%1012?3
>2?3AN%*''G (* *' !

(\<!A0132d2?34;
5(I'1 !(7('1 !(' 1 !(8(', 1 !
,32d2?3h9iA%2#L*''d3<012?3j<%1012?3
>2?3AN%*''G (
32d134"I3 *' !

(M90132d%H1>&A2IA2
2
I32d2?3h9iA%2#L*''d3<012?3j<%1012?3
>2?3AN%*''G (32d134"I(^10132d%H1>&A2I
A22
32d2?3h9iA%2#L*I''d3<012?3j<%1012?3
>2?3AN%*'G (
M91314",( (k290194;  !.AJ>&
4;3Q2
W32d2?3h9iA%2#L*''d3<012?3j<%1012?3

>2?3AN%*,'G (M91311YQ !

(k9J>&4;
.9019A24;
32d2?3h9iA%2#L*''d3<012?3j<%1012?3
>2?3AN%*,'G (M91311YQ !

(k90194;' !
.AJ>&4;3Q2
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(7(II'' !

(I !

8('I(_' !

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(\0132d%H1>&4;'
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k9Z>&4;2?3bI()* *' !

(^10132d%Z4"4;, !

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)* *' !(32d2?3131%.'!(k9Z>&4;2?3b
5(I(7(''((+,8((''
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2"2<:%2#L2<.<!13019!n
5(m,2<(7(:2<(m2<(8(:,2<
+I2?3AN%*_G 2<2#LB31H:<%2#L



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Yo#L'13

Yo#LI13
(G/B3:1H:<32?3.%[1301o2 V(^J>01

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,32d2?3B3sN(k&&332d131B3F#CsN(%.
4"130132d2<2#L2'!(PD?w?sN#C#?()
1CY3*' !




*'(\$1d%=%2Yh012?3A2Y/
%2Yh012?3A2YQ2
,_32d2?3B3sN(k&&332d131B3F#CsN(
%.4"130132d2<2#L2\5(PD?w?sN#C#?P1
Q>&4;()1CY3*' !



*'(k9Z>&4;2?3b'(I5(\$
1d%=%9H1>&4;/%2Yh012?3A2Y2
I'32d2?3B3sN#L%&&3131(\$1H:<=>&13
/>&F2'U!Vt!x12012Yh012?3P2Y01H:<%AZ>
&F2()1CY3*' !



*'(7"<!A01o132
5(UV6' U1 !V(7(,UV6' U1 !V(
(UV6I U1 !V(8(,UV6I U1 !V(
I32d2?31334"5(\3%[$12?34>bF2<$
12?34>l()Y%l3YQJD39A24;,G()YhJD39A2
YQ4;
5(,G(7(G(+G8(G(
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kl39y?#>&4;!1332?3b3Q+h:j3913*

*'
 !


(PDP1sN6P1Q>&4;6#C#2"()YhFD2Yh
JD39%2?*2<2#LA24;
5(IG6IG(7('G6,IG((IG6'G(8('G6IG
I+332d2?3sNh9y%2#L*I'12?3AN%*I'G (
kl39y?#>&4;!1332?3b3Q+h:j3913*

*'
 !

(PDP1sN6P1Q>&4;6#C#2"(k019YQ
2YhFD2YhJD392<2#LA24;
5(I'G6IG(7(IG6,IG(IG6'G8('G6IG
I,32d2?3h2?3AN%9y%2#L133B3F#Cs
N4",(\t!x12YhYQYJD394;,_()*

*' !

(
%[130132d4;
5('!(7('I!(',!8(I!(
II32d2?3h9y%2#L*''1133B3F#CsN(\3
HJ.13/m01o4/"%['Cm4;'z()

*' !

(7"
130132d4;
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HJ.13/m01o4/"<!,-]Cm4;,z()


*' !

(7"13
0132d4;
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2
3
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*' !

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1F#C.?*53!u(N!1x%3:$1''I!.m/m0192Q
4;1()`


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2*`

*' !

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I2
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2*`

*' !

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*' !

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%.134;
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*' !

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4"

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M91312*`

*' !

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4"
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kl39y?#>&4;Wh:j3913*`

*' !

(PDP1s
N6P1Q>&4;6#C#?$12$94d<(
R#C.130192
5(?*W3!U'c`V(
7(?*W3!U'`@` V(
(?*W3!U'V(
8(?*W3!U'`c` V
W332d2?3sNh9y%2#L*I''12?3AN%*I'G (
M91Z>&4;.399A2' !sN="?#*`

*'
 !

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94d<(R#C.130192
5(?*3!U'`c`V(7(?*3!U'@` V(?*3!U'V8(3!U'`c` V

332d2?3sNh9y%2#L*I''12?3AN%*I'G (
G92"F&1">&4;,h:j(*`

*' !

(PDP1sN6P1Q>
&4;6#C#?$12$94d<(R#C.13
0192
5(?*,3!U'`c`V(7(?*,3!U'c`V(?*3!U'V8(3!U'`@FV
_332d2?3sNh9y%2#L*I''12?3AN%*I'G (
|#19>&2?3bh:j(*`

*' !

(PDP1sN6P1Q>&
4;6#C#?$12$94d<(R#C.13019
2
5(?*,3!U'`c`V(7(?*,3!U'c`V(?*3!U'@`V8(3!U'`@FV
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/,$12$9Z>&4"#C(R#C.130192
5(?*,3!UI`c`V(7(?*3!UI`c`V(?*,3!UI`V8(3!UI`V
W332d2?313<!2I-](\3%132?34/"='
/,($12$9Z>&4"(R#C.130192
5(?*,3!UI`c`V(7(?*3!UI`c`V(?*,3!UI`V8(3!UI`V
W332d2?313<!2I-](\3%132?34/"='
/,($12$9ZJ>&4;F&1#C1K
#CDP1(R#C.130192
5(?*3!UI`@` +V(7(?*3!UI`c` V(?*3!UI`c` +V8(3!UI`@` V
W+332d2?313%.'I!(\3%132?34/"='/
+'($12$9ZJ>&4;IF&1#C1#L

#CDP1(R#C.130192
5(?*I3!U,`c` V(7(?*I3!U,`c` ,V(?*I3!U,`c` +V8(I3!U,`@` VW,33
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#L1K2A24;T14"(-o!F1011132
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5(?

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*I3!U`c` V?*+3!U`@I` V(kAF#C.01
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*3!U`c` V
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Vq
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7(2oF1011!A4;`
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8(2oF1011!A4;'
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*3!U,'`c VUV


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e

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Câu 158 Cho một mũi nhọn S chạm nhẹ vào mặt nớc và dao động điều hoà với tần số f =
20 (Hz). Ngời ta thấy rằng hai điểm A và B trên mặt nớc cùng nằm trên phơng truyền sóng cách nhau
một khoảng d = 10 (cm) luôn dao động ngợc pha với nhau. Tính vận tốc truyền sóng, biết rằng vận tốc
đó chỉ vào khoảng từ 0,8 (m/s) đến 1 (m/s).
A. 100 m/s B. 90m/s C. 80m/s D. 85m/s
Câu 159 Một sợi dây đàn hồi rất dài có đầu A dao động với tần số f và theo ph ơng vuông góc với sợi
dây. Biên độ dao động là 4 (cm), vận tốc truyền sóng trên đây là 4 (m/s). Xét một điểm M trên dây và
cách A một đoạn 28 (cm), ngời ta thấy M luôn luôn dao động lệch pha với A một góc = (2k + 1) với
k = 0, 1, 2,Tính bớc sóng . Biết tần số f có giá trị trong khoảng từ 22 (Hz) đến 26 (Hz).
A. 8 cm B. 12 cm C. 14 cm D. 16 cm
Câu 160 Sóng truyền từ điểm M đến điểm O rồi đến điểm N trên cùng một ph ơng truyền sóng với vận

tốc v = 20 (m/s). Cho biết tại O dao động có phơng trình






=

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Bài 164 Ngời ta gắn vào một nhánh của âm thoa một lá thép có hai mũi nhọn AB cách nhau 12cm tỳ lên mặt một
chất lỏng. Khi âm thoa dao động, sóng truyền đi với vận tốc v = 0,6m/s. Khi đó tại điểm M cách A 21,6cm, cách B
20,1cm mặt chất lỏng không dao động. Giữa M và đờng trung trực của AB còn có hai đờng cực tiểu của giao thoa.
1- Tính bớc sóng và tần số dao động của âm thoa.
2- Tính tổng số đờng cực đại và cực tiểu trong trờng giao thoa.
3- Gọi I là trung điểm của AB. C,D là hai điểm trong trờng giao thoa sao cho AICD tạo thành hình vuông.
Tính tổng số điểm cực tiểu trong đoạn CD.
4- Xét đờng tròn bán kính khá lớn, tâm đờng tròn ở lân cận điểm I. Tính tổng số điểm cực đại trên đờng tròn.
Bài 165 Sợi dây AB dài căng ngang, đầu B cố định, đầu A gắn nguồn dao động. Khi cho A dao động, sóng tới tại B
có phơng trình u
B
= 2sin100t cm.
1- Viết phơng trình dao động tổng hợp tại M trên dây cách B một đoạn x và giải thích tại sao sóng trên dây
gọi là sóng dừng.
2- Trên dây có 12 bụng sóng. Đầu A dao động với biên độ nhỏ đợc xem là một nút, xác định chiều dài sợi

dây.
3- Xác định vị trí những điểm có biên độ dao động 2cm.
4- Dây duỗi thẳng ở những thời điểm nào.
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Câu 176: Một con lắc lò xo thẳng đứng gồm vật nặng có khối lượng 100g và một lò xo nhẹ có độ cứng k =
100N/m. Kéo vật xuống dưới theo phương thẳng đứng đến vò trí lò xo dãn 4cm rồi truyền cho nó một vận tốc
scm ,'
π
theo phương thẳng đứng từ dưới lên. Coi vật dao động điều hoà theo phương thẳng đứng. Thời gian
ngắn nhất để vật chuyển động từ vò trí thấp nhất đến vò trí lò xo bò nén 1,5 cm là:
A. 0,2s B.
s
I

C.
s
'


D.
s
'

Câu 178. Một lò xo có chiều dài tự nhiên l
0
=60cm, độ cứng k
0
=18N/m được cắt thành hai lò xo có
chiều dài lần lượt là 20cm và 40 cm.
Sau đó mắc hai lò xo với vật nặng có khối lượng m= 400g như hình vẽ (Hình 2)
(lấy
'

=
π
). Chu kì dao động của vật có giá trò
A.
s
+
,
B.
s
_
,
C.
s
+

D.

s
_

Câu 179. Con lắc lò xo được đặt trên mặt phẳng nghiêng như hình vẽ (hình 6),
góc nghiêng
α
=30
0
. Khi vật ở vò trí cân bằng lò xo bò nén một đoạn 5cm. Kéo vật
nặng theo phương của trục lò xo đến vò trí lò xo dãn 5cm, rồi thả không vận tốc
ban đầu cho vật dao động điều hoà. Thời gian lò xo bò giãn trong một chu kì dao
động nhận giá trò nào sau đây?
A.
s
+'
π
B.
s
I
π
C.
s
,I
π
D.
s
'
π
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H1>&4;

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π

*' !

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+'
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α
=
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l
(! 8(|JFJ%J(
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%.4"130132d2<2#L2',!(PD?w?sN#C#
?P1Q>&4;$1*'%9H1>&4;B3#C()1C
Y3*' !



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Một lò xo nhẹ treo thẳng đứng có chiều dài tự nhiên là 30cm. Treo vào đầu dới lò xo một vật nhỏ thì thấy
hệ cân bằng khi lò xo giãn 10cm. Kéo vật theo phơng thẳng đứng cho tới khi lò xo có chiều dài 42cm, rồi truyền cho
vật vận tốc 20cm/s hớng lên trên (vật dao động điều hoà).Chọn gốc thời gian khi vật đợc truyền vận tốc,chiều dơng
hớng lên. Lấy

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. Phơng trình dao động của vật là:
A. x =
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(cm) C. x =
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I(Một lò xo đợc treo thẳng đứng, đầu trên của lò xo đợc giữ cố định, đầu dới treo vật có khối lợng m =100g,
lò xo có độ cứng k=25N/m. Kéo vật rời khỏi vị trí cân bằng theo phơng thẳng đứng hớng xuống dới một đoạn bằng
2cm rồi truyền cho vật một vận tốc 10 cm/s theo phơng thẳng đứng, chiều hớng lên. Chọn gốc thời gian là lúc
truyền vận tốc cho vật, gốc toạ độ là vị trí cân bằng, chiều dơng hớng xuống. Cho g = 10m/s
2
;
2
Xác định thời
điểm lức vật đi qua vị trí mà lò xo bị giãn 2cm lần đầu tiên.
A.t=10,3 ms B. t=33,6 ms C. t = 66,7 ms D. t =76,8 ms
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thì thấy khoảng cách giữa hai gợn sóng liên tiếp trên mặt nớc là 4mm. Gắn vào âm thoa hai mũi nhon A và B rồi cho
âm thoa dao động. Hãy cho biết gợn sóng trên mặt nớc có hình gì? Tại sao? Tìm khoảng cách giữa hai gợn sóng liên
tiếp và số gợn sóng quan sát đợc trên đoạn AB? Cho AB = 1,5cm
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