Nguyên lý thiết kế cấu tạo các công trình kiến trúc 6 pps

L
7
II
.
2c
/
CHI'
DANH
ciu
KI~N
/a.
T~NG
THU
H&
GI&
NM-
HA
Y
D&J
H&
.
HINH
7-9
KR
CA'U
CH!U
LUC
~b.
W~NG
DW

N~A.
Za.
x4'
&~hn
N&
-
2b
m-
G~~RUAG
GIAN.
A
.
K&>
du
TUUNG
THU
~8;
2c.
~4-
W-MA-I
DUA
.
8.
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06
S&N
N&
3.
a%
PHONG

,
4
v/-
K~O
TAM
G/AC&&
s
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Gav
a.
v
v
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7
62
C
HTN
H
7-
10A
-
d~
DANG
SUUN
N&
a
M-M
b,
.
LMN

DA
GIA~
,
b2
m-~
CUNG
~m-N
C.
D&
H~NH
TWWG.
-8
I
7
a4
a
1
A
1_7-'9-L
1
10
+
18
1
a3
14-18
L
1
14-18
L__

1
A
a7
'A
&
a.10
a.9
f-j
rm
2.//
H{NH 7-108
.
DAN
vi
KEO
a,,
a2
,
a3
,
a+
.
v/'
K&O
TXM
GIA'C
H@
mmn
SUM
A/&.

a5
vi
K&
ir~~
GI&
n&
THANH
BUNG
TAMGA?.
&'b.
VT
KFO
TAM
G/AC
.
a7.
vl'
I&-o
FOLONCEAU
:
ag
V/-K&I
PALLADO
a,.
14
K.&-
mivsARr.
a.~,,,
V~K&
~/@f

M.
7
'
7
H~NH
7-
128.
LIEN
KET
~TGI~A
2.
THANH
D*
GI&,
6.
TANH
C~NG
C,
THANH
QUA'
G/W
CH/~.
c2
THANH
QUA'G/AMS
d
(K~P&>
dl
THAD

DgT
-
d2
BL~GAG
d.
&&v
G&-6
H~NH
7-12C
:
LI~N
KE?
MATTRUNG
GIAN
.
a
7
wi
~'TRU~
G/<N
a2
GH~P
m-;
X4
Od
6:
CON
Bg
c.
THAW

K&
d,
f&&b~+i
cdk
8.
TWH
~h&/
el
eu~65m.
e2
TH&D~T

D,,
LEN
K&
sZa
c~hi
vii
w
GN~
Ad-
THANH
KG
Ib
-
mANH
QUA'G~~ANG
4c-
pii
G&-

bib
~d
-
eu-
L~NG-,
A&-
THE+
M-IWG(
D,
ki.iSN
MGNGBW
c~i&~~i$h
Z~.M+NG
a+
PH~N
G~A'C
z
RA~G
2b-M014.16
BEO
VUONG
G~S,
4
RBNG
ZC-MAN*
D&
UU~NG
GOC
ZRANG
PS

cntb
G~=~IM
K~O-
,+o
-nld~~
XAY
-
~b
v~0.q.~
S*Y
SC-
vno
&r
3d
T+I&
nl~n
L
bd-
Bu.
m$Ci.tdm
ae-&iy
$STH&P-,
~i&
~k$
T~ANH
~evdi
TiiSNH
QUA
G~ANQ
-06i

(FP&>
v
7
3
a.
sd
&-
P;~N
v7
KG
,
b-
K~T
6'
G&
bd.
rHANH
KG
br
-
THANH
QLIA'Q~A~IG,
GS
b3
B+
PH~G
s+34U
C6
wi

m&
b4.
au
GNG
NEO.
c-
Ljh~
Hfi
dc
M*
c.,.
~5%
-
CL
-
BU
L~YG
d3.
THANH
xi&
~3-
TtiANH
KEO,
GG
cs.
THAN*
O~NG
y,t&
mi3~
.

d4.
MANH
QUA'
G~ANG
d
.
~izp
K&;
6'
ur~
~id2'
.
d
-
G&J
KG?
dLt4&
TQUNG
Q~AN.

,I
dln.
0AId
GO
OP-
dt
Bu.~SNG
4
7
b-

ddN~
CHE
~s'i
H~NH
7-46
HE>
C~;PO~N
,
-l33u
HOl
KHU
NOC
a.
M+
di;C
S~.M+T
BANG
b4.
KHU
HO'G
si;
&i
,
b~
-
RGNG
2.c
GO'
r
BAN

KE;
TRUNG
a'~'9P1
b.3
-R~NG
4L
a'3
bfih
.KG
jRurl~
Gi8r-d
bq-
3L
<L
L
4L.
TRUNQ
G~AN.
vi
keo.
a-
k6t
VU~
v.v
dt
bao

din
cac thal
xudng
c
dk
mai
va
g
b-
1
chgt
bi&
canh
qer
c6 thd
c4
bl-
'
lqc
ngan
xa
gb
ph,
nh~
vao
I
b2-
nha
dai
(

khdi
ch;
tqa cho
c
keo
canh
rnQt
dan
I
cac
dii
tl
(H7-18).
xa g6 vdi xa g6 nllo hm gat l6n xa g6 ldn.
b- Khi hai khdu dQ bHng nhau thi ap dung phacfng cach vi keo k6 tren vi kko, vi
keo a c6 mat d$u gat len tadng, mot d$u cbn lai gat 16 vi kko b,
d
vi tri giao tuy6n giQa
cac met ddc d$t d$m nghieng c n6u khdu dS, ldn thi c6 ti18 thay dhm nghi6ng bhng ban
vi keo. (H7-17)
2.4-
He
gihng
:
a- Tac dung cda
h@
gidng
:
Cac dan vi keo
piling

rieng 16 ngoai viec dadc li6n
k6t vdi nhau bHng cac xa gd ma con phAi cdu tao lien k6t bhng thanh gihng, thanh chdng.
v.v

dagc goi chung la he gihng nhhm tao thanh mat he cdu k6t khbng gian Bn dinh,
bao dam cac tac dung
:
-
Li6n k6t khbng gian cac m$t dan vi keo, bao dAin bn dinh ngoai m$t pl18ng cho
cac than11 canh chju nkn.
-
Ch!u cac lqc khbng nhm trong in$t phhng ciia dan vi kito, truydn di cac lqc di
xudng cot,
mong.
-
BAo dAm dqng l6p thuan tien, an toan.
d
k6t ciiu ddn vi kit0 cia mai nha, thadng dung 2 loqi giHng
:
giHng trong mat ph6ng
mai vi giHng trong m$t pl~hng cac thanh ddng cua dan vi kho.
b-
He
gidng trong mat &ng mai
:
Diiy la he gihng chu y6u nhdt bAo dAm tinh
chdt bi6n hinh c6a cbng trinh, bho dAn 6n dinh c6a toan dan vi kko cung nha ccla thanh
canh
nkn. Tuy the0 clli6u dai nhi, do ldn ciia din vi keo va k6t cdu tadng d$u h6i ma
co thd cs'u tao h$ gihng inai nha sau

:
bi-
Tradng hdp chidu dai nha
<
20m va c6 tadilg d6u h6i cdng c6 thd chju dagc
ILJ'C
ngang (tudng gach
>
22cm) thi c6 th6 ding ngay xa g6 d6 lam giing, vdi didu kien
xi gb phai dagc cdu tao li6n kgt chat vao thanh kit0 (canh tr6n c6a dan vi keo) cGng
nhu' vaa tadng h6i.
b2- Tr~dng hdp tdng h6i khbng du cdng dd ch!u daqc lqc ngang cClng nh~r khi
nha dai qua
(khoang cach gi3a cac tu'dng ngailg cdng
>
201n) thi phai tao ra nhililg
khdi cdng
6
hai dhu nha va dpc chi& dai nhi, cach nhau khbng qua 20m d6 lain didm
tqa cho cac xa g6 6n djnh cac dAm vi keo khac
d
khoang giiia. Khdi cdng gSin 2 din vi
keo canh nhau, than11 kit0 du'dc ndi nhau bhng cac thanh gihng chko chQ thap, tgo thinh
mot dan nhm nghieng. Thanh giHng chi50 d6ng dinh trqc ti6p vao thanh keo ho$c qua
cac dai thep mong, ch6 giao nhau gi3a gihng chko va xa g6 cung cdn lien k6t ch$t.
c
He
gidng d&ng
:
He gi5ng ddng c6 tac dung co" kkdt cho cac mGt cia can11 du'di (qua giang) khbng

venh kh6i mgt phhng cia dan vi k&o, bAo dim cho dan c6 vi tri thing dQng, dgc biet
khi c6 gi6 1611, nGn cung duqc goi la gihg gi6. Gi5ng dgt trong mgt ~hing thhg ddng
6
giaa dan vi k&o 116i tting dbi vi kko vao nhau va co thd cach vai ba gian thi 116 tri mot
118 gihng ddng. Kh811g n$n lam gi5ng ddng li811 tqc su6t chi&u dai gi5ng vi khi cfh 116u
mQt dan vi kko c11i11h
hi
plla hoai vi nguy8n 11h2n nao 86 thi s6 chuy6n lqc sang cac vi
kko lAn c$n va c6 thd gAy pha hoai dAy chuy6n.
Khi nhjp cia dan vi kko kha 16n
(>
151n) thi ~hAi lain 2,
3
11e gi5ng dQng trong cAc
mat phing thanh ddng khac cGa dan vi kko.
He gifng ddilg bao g6n1 hai thailh thkp c113 th$p vh met than11 ngang
116
c:ir
~51111
duf6i (qua giang), Than11 cl16o b5t bu loll vho tl1ni111 clil'ng ciia clan vi kko cl~iiih
(116'~
t11an11 nay bfng g6) 11oQc b5t bu
1011
viio xh gB vii vho chnh dufdi cua dan vi k6o c:l1i1111,
thanh ch6o chi1 duqc lain bang thkp trbn, bAt vit viio cAnh dan vi k6o.
Tikdt dien c<~a than11 gi5ng dihg dwc chon theo C&I tao, khbng tinh toan
-
thanh
g6 c6 d6 m6ng
<

20cin, tllanh tl16p trhil c6 duidng kin11 12
1
16'" (H7-19).
Noi cllung viec b6 tri va
CALI
tao dung cach he gi5ng cua mai nha c6
y
nghTa quygt
dlilh dkdil sq lant viec an toan cua he mai, khi tllikdt kkd cAn quan tAm dgc biet.
111
-
Cgu
tgo b8
ph$n
d+c
biet
11-
Khu
nbc,
mhng
xbi
:
1.1-
M6
ti
:
a-
Khu
noc
:

La bQ p11$11 11qp t11Anh bdi
3
mAi ddc
cfuwc:
cdu tao
6'
doail
dAu
116i
nl~a,
6
v/ tri2 inai d6c giao nhau s6 tao tl~anh gd s6ng 116c nhb 1811
vA
ng11ii.ng then cl1i6u
d6c cua inai.
Tt~y theo goc tao thiilh gii?a dtfdng giot nufdc cua cAc mhi
:
11kdu1
la g6c vu611g thi
goi la k11u n6c thgng, nkdu: la goc nhon hogc
tti
thi goi
1;
k11u nhc xii?n.
b-nFcin.gx6i
:
La
I)$
pl1$11 lorn xu6'ng
6

vj tri giao tuyh cfurgc c5u t;;o dgt inhng
d6
thu i1u.6~
tif
cac mai d6c dB11 dkdn. Ridu cach cgu~ tao mang x6i du'qc gidi thieu
6
td
chdc
thoat nu6c mai d6c. (H7-20).
1.2-
Yc5u
cgu
thie"t
ke".
a- Khi chc mai giao nllau co 66 d6c bBng nhau, dufdng gd song noc, duldng r6nh inai
du-dc xac djnh tr8n mat b51lgmai cach vG d~dngpl18il gi Ac ciia g6c tao n8n
b6i
c5c ifufd~ig
giot 11u.d~ c<ii 2 inhi.
b- Tikdt die11 llgang cua cAu pllong, tllanll kko chju mhng xdi, gd song noc cf~iqc x5c:
djnh trh bang v6 b5ng cach ap dung qui thc il6ng il?ing vio cach v6 nhu' snu
:
MI
d. Dunl
tr8n m,
cac mi:
hqp
5
n
song ni

duqc gi
C-
nha c6.
cia cac
d-
the0 so
2.1
mii
d6c
gian ci;
b
6
giaa
2
cia cda
c-
(
va cda
s
2.2.
a-
1
c6
phAn
xo"i d6 cl
b-
l
ra ngoai
cc