Nguyên lý thiết kế cấu tạo các công trình kiến trúc 17 pptx

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NH~T
VA
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NHI^ET
TUUKJG
NH~EG
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HINH

3
-
26c
TlET
2.2
trong
v$n ch~
Chi
chii nh
tuhg
I
nh6 nd
nhuuc
c
dung cl
Tro:
loai
chi
Chudng
9
CAU
TAO
C~A-
CAU
THANG
I/-
Cau
tao cac loai ci'ra dac biet
4.
l-

Cira ddy (H5-33a.b)
4.2- Cira cuon (H5-34)
4.3- Cira quay (H5-35a.b.c.de)
4.4- Cira xe"p (H5-36)
(Hinh v& minh hoa chi ti&)
111-
Cau
thang betong cot thep Ihp ghep
:
2.1-
Dac diem
:
CBc cgu kitn ki5t cgu c6a cLu thang duuc chC tao san trong cbng
xuhg hay
b
hien truhg, sau khi ci'u kicn dh khi nang chju luc thi dem den vi tn lap
ghCp
-
Nhu vgy tang duuc tbc do thi cdng, d6ng thbi dBp img nhu cAu c6ng nghitp hoi
xAy dqg, ti& kiem duuc vin khu6n nang cao chait luqng sin phdm.
2.2-
Phan loai
:
CLu thang lap ghCp c6 nhiCu loai, nhmg c6 th6 phAn ra 3 loai the0
trong luqng cgu kien
-
Chon loai nho tujl vho diCu kitn thi c6ng vh phuung thhc
a- CAu thang lap ghCp ciiu kitn nhb
:
(H6-34)

Chi
lap ghCp cic bin bijc thang. Bin bgc thang duuc che" tao the0 mgy hinh thdc
:
chil nhGt, ch5 L, bin bgc tam giBc (dac hoac rdng). CBc bin dac duuc kt tqrc tigp len
tuhg hay ddm nghitng dd tai ch6 hoac treo. Loai nay c6
ULI
di&m trong luqng caiu kien
nh6 ntn kh6ng cLn phumg tien cdu lap mi chi dung thh c8ng d6 lip ghCp;nhmg n6 c6
nhuuc di6m lap ghCp ch+m vii nhi&u cgu kitn, nang nC, gh cLu thang bi tbi, chi ntn Bp
dung cho nhh
2
tLng.
b- Cau thang hip ghkp
cciir
kitn trung binh
:
(H6-35)
Trong luqng cgu kien cdu thang lap ghCp trung binh vho khohg 500kg, thuhg c6 2
+
Cau
thang hinh thirc bhn
:
Loai nhy duqc phh ra 2 loai caiu kitn chinh
:
Chi& nghi
:
gidng nhu ke"t ci'u ciia sh giic (c6 th6 12 panen ch5
U,
panen hop, bAn
Than thang

:
GBc truc tie"p ltn chie"u nghi, san
-
Tujl the0 su 1Bm vicc c6 th6 phAn
thin thang thhnh mot giii hogc nhi&u giai rong
td
30
-
60cm/m6i giii.
+
C&u
thang hinh thir'c bAn
d&m
:
Can cd vao tinh ch6t chju lcfc lam viec va
yeu
cBu
sd
dung, thudng n@di ta phhn ke"t c6u chju lgc cBu thang ra
3
cgu kien chinh
:
Bac thang
:
Cgu tao gi6ng nhu c6u tao bac thang 6 cgu kien nh6 (co
3
llinh thdc
:
bin, chd nhat, chd L va tam giac dgc hogc r8ng). Cac bin c6 thd tga tr6n tudng hogc
tr6n dBm, nhmg thBng th~dng dd tien thi cBng bin ke

2
dBu l6n dBm.
1
Chiku ngh;
:
gidng nhu san gac, do d6 kgt cdu chi& ngh; c6 th6 la panen ch3
U,
k
panen hop hogc bin. DU~C ke trgc tigp 16n tudng chju lgc hogc l6n dBm.
I
DAm thang
:
C6
2
loai
:
i
DBm chi& ngh; hogc dhrn chi& t6i (ti& dier, hinh chd nhGt hogc chi? L).
DBm thin thang (dBm LimBng)
:
chinh la dAm nghi&ng tga l&n d$m 86 chi& ngh;,
chi& t6i 11ogc l6n tru gach, hogc m6ng b&tBng
(6
tBng du6i cung).
Ti6t die11 dhm thAn thang
:
hinh chd nhat, hinh rang cua. Ddi v6i dhrn hinh rang
cua di~ilg bac la ban phftng, con dAin la chd nhet thi ban bac hi1111 tam giac.
I
-

Cach
bo
tri
dam
nghieng
:
Moi than thang c6 thd c6
1
hoac
2
ddm nghieng.
U
R
Doi vdi than thang c6
2
ddrn nghieng
:
thi cBng thu9n tien, lien k&t dm gih.
Truhg hap moi than thang chi c6
1
ddrn nghieng nen bo" tri
ir
giila than thang; v&
mat kie"n truc tao duqc su thanh mAnh nhe nhhng, nhung lien k6t giila bAn bGc vh ddrn
kh6.
1
-
Lap ghep cac cau kien
v6i
nhau co

2
cach
:
+
CA than thang chi c6 mot loai bac thang
(bat
ve" nhy dat lech vdi vC kia mot bac)
ki&u nhy so" loai b$c thang it, nhung dien tich chi& nghi tang, long cdu thang lh.
+
ThAn thang c6 3 kidu b9c thang khhc nhau do"i vdi truhg hap nhy thi 18ng cdu
thang
nh6, khBng c6 bac so le, nhung so" loai bac nhi&u.
c-
Cau
thang lap ghep
cau
kien lh
:
(H6-36) Can cir vho tinh chgt chju luc, yeu
cdu sir dung, tohn bQ cdu thang phan lam
2
cgu kien chinh
:
-
Chie"u nghi
:
panen suh, panen kh6ng c6 suh, panen hop duqc ke
len
tuhg hoac
ke len dAm.

-
Than thang
:
tua tren chi& nghi, shn chie"u tdi vh 12n de" gach hoac bet6ng
ir
tdng
dudi chng. ThAn thang c6 thk 1hm the0 mgy loai sau
:
+
Than thang c6 mat dudi phang
:
che" tao dun giin, mat dudi thang phing dE 1hm ve
sinh vh dep, nhung t6n th6p vh bet6ng.
chg
1
bets
hhn
[hi,
ing
kiem vat lieu, nhmg chi5 tgo ph3c tap.
+
Than thang c6 hinh th3c bin phhng
:
Ci
2
mat b$c thang d6u xAy ggch
:
ti&
kiem vgt lieu, tgn dung vat lieu dja phdmg, chQ tao dm giin nlwhg thdi gian hoin
2.3-

Lien k6t
gi3a
cac
csu
kien
:
(H6-37)
Dd cac cgu kien rieng
re
c6 th6 lam vi$c tdt, dim bio do cdng gi3a chc cdu kien thi
yeu cAu lien kQt phii chat ch6 v6i nhau
CBc ki6u loai lien k6t
:
a-
Lien kZt gi& ccic c6u kign nho'
:
gin vio cac ca"u kien l6n thdang diing
phdmlg phap
lien k6t toan kh6i
la chi'nh.
b- LiGn kZt gi& bin
vci
b@c thang
:
c6 thd lien kQt vao cdu kien chju lqc c6a
cAu thang bhng
2
cach
:
-

Ngim chat vao tddng
:
ch6 y6u la dqa vio trong hap tddng vi ddqc cdu tao giQ
-
Lien ke"t bhng ch6t thCp chBn s5n trong chAn thang.
d
bac thang chua siin
16
trbn
hay vuong, than thang
d$ s5n thCp chb
$6
-
$8.
Sau khi lip dung vi tri, hin lai
d6
d-
Lien ket gi2a
cac
cau
kien trung binh
va
nhb
:
Lien ke't chju luc 18 chb y6u.
Lien ke"t gi3a cic dam than thang (LimBng) v6i d6m chi& nghi hay chii5u tdi.
Dung
2
phumg ph6p
:

-
Lien k6t toin khoi
:
Trong qui trinh chC tao d& chua san nhhg thanh thkp, khi lip
lien ke't cic thanh thCp chb d6 viri nhau rdi do b2tBng tigp tuc. Kiiu lien ke"t niy giaa cic
c$u kitn duqc vGng chic, bdn lau, nhung thi cdng cham.
-
Lien kCt hin
:
khi chC tao c$u kitn thi tai nhkg vi tri sE lien ke"t cgu kiCn vdi nhau
c6 dat san thCp ban trong c$u kitn.
Loai lien ke't niy thi c6ng nhanh, nhung khi hin nhict do
1611
c6 thi 1im ran nirt
betong, do d6
vice
bAo ve cot thkp kh6ng tot d6 bi ri sCt. Sau.khi hhn phii phb 1Cn ch8
hhn lien k6t met l6p vi3a ximang m6c
80
-
100.
111
Cau
tao
cau
thang
dac
biet
:
Cau thang

18
met be phan trong cong trinh kie"n truc duqc c$u tao nham tao phumg
tien cho viec di lai ciia n@di va v@n chuydn vat dung the0 chi6u thhg ddng, d6ng thdi
trong qua trinh
sd
dyng bo ph@n n$y cing d& d~qc nghien ch thigt kg nhAm dap bg
yeu C$U dec biet do cac'tac dong kh6ng che" v6 kh6ng gian, vi tri, hinh thdc kgt ciu va
thdm
my.
1)-
Hinh
thdc k6t
du
c@u lqc
:
1.1-
C&u
thang tron
xoay
tr6n
6e
:
C$u thang dUdc c6u tao v6i b@c thang mot d$u ti g6i hoec lien k6t vio try trung
tim, dau kia ngam vao tudng chiu
host
d$m cong
-
V@t lieu diing ciu tao c$u thang n$y
c6 thd la g6, da, bet6ng c6t thkp, c6t thkp
(H6-40a)

-
Dim bio chju lqc cho b@c thang khdi hanh va trv trung thm
-
Dim bAo khoing thoat d$u 1,80m.
-
Khbng nCn dat chi& nghi
ir
kholng gii3a cdu thang, ne"u cdn thie't phli co thi cAn
du tri~ them
2
b$c vho tong sb b$c dl co 66 kholng rang lim chi& nghi, d6ng thai phli
kidm soit lai khobg thoit ddu
b
vi tri chi& nghi nhy.
-
Tujl thuac chi& cao gii3a hai mat sin mh chia b$c, dinh chi& rang vi chi& cao
b$c thich hap.
-
Xac djnh vi tri b4c khbi hinh vi b$c de'n (mat bang) kidm tra dd blo dim kholng
1
thobt dAu
ir
cic vi
tri
niy (mat cht).
I

Chon v$t lieu ad thie't ke' chi ti& cc$u tao the0 v$t lieu.
1.2-
Cau

thang treo
:
Ciu thang duuc cc$u tao vdi nhhg b$c thang bang go, thtp, Mtbng cbt thtp

the0
kct c&u treo vio cic be ph$n chiu luc cha cbc sin
ir
btn trCn.
C8u thang treo c6 kidu cbch ke't cc$u dac biet, thi cbng phirc tap nhung dbp img duuc
yCu cdu trang tri vi thh my cao. (H6-40h).
2)-
Trutmg hap khong gian han che"
:
2.1- Khi budng thang han che" nhung c6 yCu cAu blo dim luu luqng nguai di lai
d6ng nhiCu, bp dung gili phip bb tri 2 cdu thang trong cijng mat budng thang vdi cic
nhbnh thang c6 chi& di vi chi& de"n dat dbi chko nhau tai moi sin nhi. (H6-41a).
2.2- Chi& dii th&n thang han che"
:
Trudng hqp nay c6 th& ip dung gili phbp thAn
ngan
-
Chi& dii than thang chi con bang 112 chi& dii binh thuhg bang cbch bb tri
trCn mat bang cha mat b$c thang thinh 2 b$c bu6c duuc ciiu tao so le the0 nhip bu6c
di
len.
d
nhir~
nha
ch
ch

th,
di
ICn. Do do luc sd dung co ph3n go b6 b bubc. khbi hanh, chi nCn dung
b nhilng n~i it ngudi
cti
lai nhu 1Cn xu6ng gilc ldng hoac kho trong nhfing
nha chat hep nhung c6 yCu c'au tan dung t6i cia khbng gian. Vat lieu cie" lam
ch
thang ki6u nay c6 the dung gach, ci6 xtiy hoac
g6,
thCp
(
H6-41b).