Speaking level C: supplementary documents

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SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS
Healthy lifestyle
You hear a lot about living a healthy lifestyle, but what does that mean? In general,
a healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises.
Sounds simple, doesn't it?
The trick to healthy living is making small changes taking more steps, adding
fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water these are just a few ways you
can start living healthy without drastic changes.
Exercise
One of the biggest problems in America today is lack of activity. We know it's
good for us but avoid it like the plague either because we're used to being
sedentary or afraid that exercise has to be vigorous to be worth our time. The truth
is, movement is movement and the more you do, the healthier you'll be. Even
moderate activities like chores, gardening and walking can make a difference.
Just adding a little movement to your life can:
• Reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes
• Improve joint stability
• Increase and improve range of movement
• Help maintain flexibility as you age
• Maintain bone mass
• Prevent osteoporosis and fractures
• Improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression
• Enhance self esteem
• Improve memory in elderly people
• Reduce stress
So, even if you opt for small changes and a more modest weight loss, you can see
the benefits are still pretty good. One study has found that just a 10% weight
reduction helped obese patients reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and increase
longevity.
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Simple Ways to Move Your Body
You can start the process of weight loss now by adding a little more activity to
your life. If you're not ready for a structured program, start small. Every little bit
counts and it all adds up to burning more calories.
• Turn off the TV. Once a week, turn off the TV and do something a little
more physical with your family. Play games, take a walk almost anything
will be more active than sitting on the couch.
• Walk more. Look for small ways to walk more. When you get the mail, take
a walk around the block, take the dog for an extra outing each day or walk
on your treadmill for 5 minutes before getting ready for work.
• Do some chores. Shoveling snow, working in the garden, raking leaves,
sweeping the floor these kinds of activities may not be 'vigorous' exercise,
but they can keep you moving while getting your house in order.
• Pace while you talk. When you're on the phone, pace around or even do
some cleaning while gabbing. This is a great way to stay moving while
doing something you enjoy.
• Be aware. Make a list of all the physical activities you do on a typical day.
If you find that the bulk of your time is spent sitting, make another list of all
the ways you could move more getting up each hour to stretch or walk,
walk the stairs at work, etc.
Eating Well
Eating a healthy diet is another part of the healthy lifestyle. Not only can a clean
diet help with weight management, it can also improve your health and quality of
life as you get older. You can use the new Food Guide Pyramid to determine how
many calories you need and what food groups you should focus on or, if you're
looking for smaller changes, you can use these tips for simple ways to change how
you eat:
• Eat more fruit. Add it to your cereal, your salads or even your dinners
• Sneak in more veggies. Add them wherever you can a tomato on your
sandwich, peppers on your pizza, or extra veggies in your pasta sauce. Keep

pre-cut or canned/frozen veggies ready for quick snacks.
• Switch your salad dressing. If you eat full-fat dressing, switch to something
lighter and you'll automatically eat less calories.
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• Eat low-fat or fat-free dairy. Switching to skim milk or fat free yogurt is
another simple way to eat less calories without having to change too much in
your diet.
• Make some substitutes. Look through your cabinets or fridge and pick 3
foods you eat every day. Write down the nutritional content and, the next
time you're at the store, find lower-calorie substitutes for just those 3 items.
Find more ideas for healthy foods with this Healthy Foods Grocery List.
Creating a healthy lifestyle doesn't have to mean drastic changes. In fact, drastic
changes almost always lead to failure. Making small changes in how you live each
day can lead to big rewards, so figure out what you can to be healthy today.
How To Help Reduce Stress At Work
Work can be a stressful place, wherever you earn your living, whether in an office,
a factory, or a school. Some stress is good. It motivates us and makes us stronger.
Too much stress is bad. It makes us irrational and it can, quite literally, kill us.
Fortunately, there are specific things you can do that will help you reduce your
stress at work and better cope with it.
Difficulty: Average
Time Required: Varies
Here's How:
1. Improve your time management and organization skills.
Of the many things you can to in this area the best ones include getting a to
do list that works, learning to say "no", asking for help when you need it,
and stop setting unrealistic goals for yourself.
2. Relax and breathe deeply.
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed by the amount or work you have to
do or if someone is "in your face", a good thing to do is to "breathe through

your nose". You can't get as worked up if you force yourself to breathe
through your nose. Your body simply can't maintain the same level of
energy without that extra oxygen you get when breathing through your
mouth.
3. Take more breaks from your work.
Even a five-minute break will help. Get away from your desk. Go for a walk
- outside is better, but up two flights of stairs and back down is good too.
Getting more exercise in general will help you reduce your overall stress
levels and that will make it easier to reduce your stress level at work.
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4. Lighten up.
Smile more. We all know laughter reduces stress. You will be amazed at
how much more pleasant the people around you are when you make an
effort to be pleasant yourself.
5. Learn to listen better.
Rather than getting upset when others disagree with you, listen actively and
find the areas of agreement. Be assertive and stand up for yourself, but don't
be rigid.
6. Fix your environment.
Make whatever adjustments you need to the lighting, temperature, noise
level, and other controllable factors in your office.
7. Don't sweat the small stuff.
Realize that there are some things that just aren't worth worrying about and
there are some things you just can't change. Don't waste time stressing over
the things in either category.
8. Get more sleep.
This is another of the things you can do to reduce your overall stress that
will have benefits at the office as well. In addition to reducing your stress, it
will increase your energy level and your ability to concentrate.
9. Find a mentor

If not a mentor, a friend will do. Having someone to talk to can take a lot of
stress off you.
10.Spend more time with optimistic people.
Negative people will pull you down to their level. Choose to work with
people who have a positive attitude instead.
How to Develop a Good Relationship with Your Boss
A good relationship with your boss can make all the difference to how you feel
about your job. A supportive, approachable boss is able to get the best out of their
team – you feel like you can talk to them about a problem you have, ask for a
morning off to go to a school play or that they will listen to your reasons for
wanting a pay rise at your annual review.
An egotistical, judge mental boss is quite the opposite – they make you feel as
though your personal life is of no importance, you should be grateful for the job
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and that you do not deserve for your career to progress. Of course, there are plenty
of bosses in between.
Let’s look at some different ways to build a good relationship with your boss and
how to maintain it – without looking like teachers’ pet.
Work Hard
– OK, this may seem like a simple one but it is very rare that the worst performer
in a team gets on well with the boss, or certainly not for long.
Arrive on Time
– again, this is pretty obvious, but don’t forget that however well you perform in
your job, if you are late all the time, or even some of the time, you wont be taken
seriously.
Have Good Ideas
– in meetings, whether it be about the Christmas party or a new marketing strategy,
make sure you have something to say. Meetings are not just a break from your
desk and a chance to have free sandwiches.
Don’t Gossip

– if your boss considers you to be one of the team that spends more time hanging
around the water cooler than actually working, they are unlikely to be your biggest
fan.
Be Prepared
– if you attend a client visit or presentation with your boss, make sure you have
your laptop loaded with a copy of the presentation, have back ups printed and have
the client’s phone number in your mobile in case of hold ups.
Dress Like You Mean Business
– this does not mean wear a full-on power suit if you work in a primary school, but
at least dress suitably to your role. It is too easy to get complacent and not iron
your top or letting your suit jacket get a bit too ‘eau de pub’.
Take an Interest
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– this goes for personal and professional details You don’t want to look like a
creep by bringing your boss flowers for their birthday, but at least ask about their
children, holiday or dinner parties if they tell you about them. When there is a
project meeting, ask how it went.
Don’t Make a Fool of Yourself
– this goes for Friday night drinks, office romances and the Christmas party. Don’t
drink too much at office functions, even if there is a free bar, it does not mean
you should act like you are out with your friends – you’re not, it’s work, even if
it is held on a Saturday night. Don’t let your colleagues see you fawning over
Barry from accounts, either. Swoon in private.
Facts About Working Relationships
Working relationships are an important part of your job and can have a hug impact
on your happiness and success at work. Cultivating these relationships and trying
to avoid any conflict or power struggles is something that you should always be
aware of. There are some common myths about working relationships though,
what the problems are and how to handle them. Take a look at these facts so you
are clear about the best way to approach your working relationships and get the

most out of them.
FACT: You need to stand up for yourself
You may think that keeping your head down and getting on with your work then
colleagues will stop taking advantage of you or give you the credit you’re worth, but
that’s not true. You need to assert your position by standing up for yourself and not
letting other people walk all over you,
FICTION: Gaining a promotion will lose your friends
Being promoted over your friends is never an easy situation to be in but the most
important thing is how you handle it. If you remain professional, have an honest talk
with them and don’t rub it in their faces, then there is no reason why you cannot stay
friends. If they are jealous or resentful then they were never a great friend in the first
place and you should concentrate on your career.
FACT: Gossiping will always backfire
A quick gossip round the water cooler may seem like a bit of harmless fun but it always
backfires. Talking about your colleagues makes you seem unprofessional and
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untrustworthy and is never worth the small satisfaction that it brings. Try to think about
how you would feel if you were the target of the gossip and then step away from the
conversation.
FICTION: Women are harder to work for than men
Whether this is a myth perpetuated by scorned men or just a rumour in the office, it’s
not true. Women can be just as good or bad as men at being your boss. Women often
work in a different way to men but once you understand their methods they are honest
and usually more understanding than their male counterparts.
FACT: Romantic relationships and the office don’t mix
It may seem like a good idea t the office party, but getting romantically involved with
someone you work with is bound to end in tears. If it goes well, then it is difficult to
remain professional with them and if it goes bad, then you will have to work with them
and be reminded of it every day.
Learning how to handle working relationships will make interactions in the office

much easier. In all situations you need to try and remain professional and calm,
and be tactful in your approach. Think carefully about whether something is a good
idea or not and how it will affect your every day job and your long term career. A
bad working relationship can have a big negative impact on you so try to avoid
them by separating fact from fiction.
How to Prepare for an Interview
Think of your resume as an advertisement. It is what will bring the customer in the
store. Once they have arrived, it is time to sell them the goods. You have scored an
interview, and now it is time to prepare.
Here are some suggestions for preparing for an upcoming interview.
Interview Preparation Guide.
A day or two before an interview you should take the time to really think about
how you want the interview to go, what impression you want to leave on the
employer and what unique pitch you will use to stand out from other applicants.
Equally important, think about what items on your resume you do not want to
spend a lot of time on and come up with ways to transition from that particular
experience to others that you would like to highlight more.
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Next, thoroughly research the employer, and when possible, the position. Be
sure to ask for at least a title, if not a detailed description of exactly what position
they are interviewing you for. Then list the 3 or 4 strong qualifications that you
bring to the table. This way, you know going in what they are looking for and
why you are a good fit.
There is a time and a place for name dropping, and interviewing is one of them.
Review any names or details that could be helpful to reference during your
discussion. If you are the networking type, go back through your PDA and find the
exact date of the dinner party where you met the person who passed along your
resume. If you used a job search engine, recall what day you first saw the
advertisement and perhaps the detail that helped the posting stand out. If the
organization reached out to you, recall the Human Resources contact who first

gave you the call or e-mail. It never hurts to compliment their friendly conduct,
and helps create a positive, thoughtful persona.
From here the old adage rings true: "Practice makes perfect." Make a list of
questions that you think the employer might ask. Think through how you would
want to answer them. Your goal is to leave the ideal impression, highlighting your
best selling points and avoiding weaker aspects of your experience. Typing this
out (and saving it) can help you not just prepare for this interview, but all future
interviews as well (including your year end review! ;))
Once you have come up with some sample questions, ask a trusted friend to help
you role play through a few of them randomly. The employer ultimately controls
the flow of an interview and role playing can help prepare you to bounce between
subjects and think quickly. Your friend may also be able to point out any nervous
quirks you might have or important details that you are leaving out.
The night before the interview, after you have crafted your pitch and researched
the employer, make sure to print out directions to the office. Pick out your
clothes, relax with a book and get to bed early. In the morning, eat a non-
offensive breakfast to hold you over and make sure to drink your coffee. It is
show time :)
PHAN UNIT - DA LAT
MUI NE - HON ROM - Prenn - Truc Lam
- SPRING GOLD - SILVER SPRING - NUI LANGBIANG - WATERFALL
DAMB'RY
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DAY 1: Saigon - Phan Thiet (198 Km)Morning, leaving the car to Depart Ho Chi
Minh City to Phan Thiet. Visit the ecotourism Giang Dien waterfall, you relax in a
natural space with many romantic waterfalls, lakes, orchards. To Phan Thiet (Binh
Thuan), through the town center, up the hill to visit Ngoc Lam Cham Poshanu
Tower, Floor Mr. Hoang relics, famous love story with a poet Han Mac Tu, from
the hills and admire the sea Phu Hai. Group stop taking photos, filming at the
beach Location The stone, that coconut Ham Tien, sightseeing ghe, boat fishermen

access terminals in Mui Ne beach boat. Then, to the hotel, you check in, lunch
break.
Afternoon, Hon Rom car to go union. You bath and enjoy fresh seafood popular
prices. After enjoying the taste of sweet coconut 3 cowardice, you continue to
conquer the sand hills and streams Hong, watch the sun set over the sand hill.
Evening, you walk around coastal city, Overnight in Phan Thiet. (Breakfast, lunch,
dinner)
DAY 2: PHAN UNIT - DA LAT (135 km)
Morning, you bathing, Check, car to grocery union Phan Thiet, you buy special
local production. Then, the delegation left to Phan Thiet, Da Lat, the new way
Luong Son (province
Binh Thuan) go to Di Linh (Lam Dong province), through Dai Ninh hydropower
plant. Arrive
Lat, the hotel, you get rooms.
The afternoon, you visit the Domain de Marie church, visiting special power Bao
Dai, flower garden
Bich.
Evening, you walk around Da Lat night, enjoy delicious dishes at night market Am
Phu,
flavored coffee in the mountain city consistent Thuy Ta, sightseeing Ho Xuan
Huong, Overnight in Dalat.
(Breakfast, lunch, dinner)
DAY 3: DA LAT - OTHER TOURIST ATTRACTION
In the morning, go sightseeing operation Datanlla, visit Truc Lam, take the cable
car
Robin Hill, sightseeing pine forests, Tuyen Lam Lake, Phoenix Mountains from
above.
Afternoon, go enjoy landscape waterfall Ankroet, gold springs, silver springs,
lakes
Dankia, Golden Valley - a mountain populations, non, streams, lakes landscape of

the First High
Resources Lam Vien. Continue to drive to the salad, trafficking of people are at the
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foot of the mountain Lat Loc
Langbiang, on the way you admire suburb Dalat garden planted with enough
color flowers. You climb mountains, conquer the summit Langbiang; from the
summit, admire the whole
Da Lat city scenes romantic, fanciful in the fog.
Night, the night you attend the camp fire, drinking wine, arts gongs, interaction
activities with the Highland Night in Dalat. (Breakfast, lunch, dinner)
DAY 4: DA LAT - SAI GON (300 Km)Morning arrival in room, car to leave the
union back to Da Lat Ho Chi Minh. The road
You visit the waterfall Damb'ry, one of the famous beautiful waterfalls and
majestic
the Lam Vien Plateau, visit a specialty store you enjoy tea, coffee Security
Loc.
Afternoon, on to Saigon, farewell goodbye, compensation re-appointment with you
(Breakfast, Lunch)
TICKET PRICE INCLUDES:
Are air-conditioned bus, shuttle guests to the program in the tour.
Hotel (1 room 2 guests), air conditioning, TV, refrigerator, telephone, private
toilet, hot water.
Phan Thiet (k / s 2 stars): Caty, Nhat Linh, Binh Minh
Da Lat (2 stars hotels): AVIATION, RED SUN, BONG HONG, HUNG PHONG,
THI
THAO, Golf 2, MY WORKSHOP, Eucharist.
Phan Thiet (Resort 3 *): CANARY, Dynasty, HAI AU, TIEN DAT, THE BEACH.
Da Lat (Hotel 3 stars): CAM DO, MAI VANG, VIETSOPETRO, SEA HORSE.
Phan Thiet (Hotel 4 stars): OCEAN STAR, BLUE OCEAN.
Da Lat (4 star hotel): HOANG ANH GIA LAI, Golf 3, SAMMY, Sai Gon-Da Lat,

(Or another equivalent hotels)
Eat three meals of the day: Breakfast buffet, lunch and afternoon of the four rice
dishes, this dish is often the local cuisine. If the client self-sufficient food, the tour
price will be deducted: 410,000 dong.
Guide for explanations during online groups.
Admission game.
Facial cold water on the road (1 towel, 1 bottle / day).
Gifts, lotteries are happy awards.
Insurance during the tour, standard insurance in Vietnam.
TICKET PRICES DO NOT INCLUDE:
Cost bathing, aquatic quintals of coffee, ride horses, go by cable car tickets, trips,
cultural programs and costs Highlands dining, entertainment and individuals.
CHILDREN TICKET PRICES:Children 12 years and over 01 ticket.
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Children from 06 to 11 half fare.
Children under 05: No charge, family self Nursery. But only 02 adults with 01
children, if more children comes from the things you have to buy 02 or more half
fare. (Standard half fare: ration is 01 + 01 seats and sleeping room with melding
family).
Benefits of Tourism
There are a number of benefits of tourism for both the tourist and the host
destination. On a large scale it offers a good alternative to some more destructive
industries for generating income both on nationally and privately.
The tourism industry encompasses many different areas, so it also creates jobs in
many different areas. With tourism comes hotels, restaurants, car rental agencies,
tour companies, service stations, souvenir shops, sports equipment rentals, and
much more. All of this creates many different levels of employment for people in a
given community.
In many places the introduction and development of tourism allows local people an
opportunity for economic and educational growth that would not otherwise be

available. In addition, it allows both the tourist and the local community a chance
to experience other cultures, which broadens understanding.
If properly used, tourism generated income can be tremendously beneficial to the
host country and its local communities. Tourism generated income can be used on
a national and local level to better education, improve infrastructure, to fund
conservation efforts, and to promote more responsible tourism.
Vietnamese Culture
The richness of Vietnam's origins is evident throughout its culture. Spiritual
life in Vietnam is a grand panoply of belief systems, including Confucianism,
Taoism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Tam Giao (literally 'triple religion'),
which is a blend of Taoism, popular Chinese beliefs, and ancient Vietnamese
animism.
The most important festival of the year is Tet, a week-long event in late
January or early February that heralds the new lunar year and the advent of
spring. Celebration consists of both raucous festivity (fireworks, drums,
gongs) and quiet meditation. In addition to Tet, there are about twenty
other traditional and religious festivals each year.
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Vietnamese architecture expresses a graceful aesthetic of natural balance
and harmony that is evident in any of the country's vast numbers of historic
temples and monasteries. The pre-eminent architectural form is the pagoda,
a tower comprised of a series of stepped pyramidal structures and frequently
adorned with lavish carvings and painted ornamentation. Generally
speaking, the pagoda form symbolizes the human desire to bridge the gap
between the constraints of earthly existence and the perfection of heavenly
forces. Pagodas are found in every province of Vietnam. One of the most
treasured is the Thien Mu Pagoda in Hue, founded in 1601 and completed
more than two hundred years later. In North Vietnam, the pagodas that
serve as the shrines and temples of the Son La mountains are especially
worth visiting. In South Vietnam, the Giac Lam Pagoda of Ho Chi Minh City is

considered to be the city's oldest and is notable as well for its many richly-
carved jackwood statues.
As a language, Vietnamese is exceptionally flexible and lyrical, and poetry
plays a strong role in both literature and the performing arts. Folk art, which
flourished before French colonization, has experienced a resurgence in
beautiful woodcuts, village painting, and block printing. Vietnamese lacquer
art, another traditional medium, is commonly held to be the most original
and sophisticated in the world. Music, dance, and puppetry, including the
uniquely Vietnamese water puppetry, are also mainstays of the country's
culture.
Although rice is the foundation of the Vietnamese diet, the country's cuisine
is anything but bland. Deeply influenced by the national cuisines of France,
China, and Thailand, Vietnamese cooking is highly innovative and makes
extensive use of fresh herbs, including lemon grass, basil, coriander,
parsley, laksa leaf, lime, and chili. Soup is served at almost every meal, and
snacks include spring rolls and rice pancakes. The national condiment is
nuoc mam, a piquant fermented fish sauce served with every meal.
Indigenous tropical fruits include bananas, pineapples, coconuts, lychees,
melons, mandarin oranges, grapes, and exotic varieties like the three-
seeded cherry and the green dragon fruit.
People
Today there are about 75 million people in Vietnam. Eighty percent of these
are ethnic Vietnamese, while the remaining twenty percent comprises more
than fifty separate ethnic groups. About seven million of these ethnic
minorities are members of the hill tribes or montagnards (French for
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mountain people), making their homes and livelihoods in the spectacular
mountains of the north and central highlands. Among the many languages
spoken in Vietnam are Vietnamese, Chinese, English, French, and Russian.
Obesity:Causes,Effects And Treatment

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rate or flag this page
By hassam
Obesity is the state of being critically flabby
and heavy to a level that is hazardous for our
normal health. It is having extra body fat
which can be measured by the Body Mass
Index (BMI) (height and weight). If you are
among those who carry extra fat around the
waist and abdomen, then you are likely to be
the victim of Type II diabetes and heart diseases.
According to an expert, carbohydrates and proteins are converted to fuel as soon as
they are consumed. Most of the fat calories are immediately stored in fat cells which
add to the body weight.
We use energy all the time, no matter what we are doing. A unit of energy - which is
used as a measurement for the amount of energy food provides - is known as calorie.
Every food and drink has calories but greasy and sugary foods have high calorific values.
Unused calories are stored in our body as fats. The fat droplets accumulate in fat cells
beneath the skin, around the kidneys and liver. These fat cells are formed in human
body at childhood stage. At this stage, additional calories form new fat cells (hyperplasic
obesity). During adulthood, the fat cells do not increase in numbers; instead they
expand and reduce in size depending on how much calories are consumed (hypo tropic
obesity). It is this reason that childhood obesity is difficult to treat and chances are that
an obese child will be an obese adult with serious health problems.
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Cause and effect
Obesity is directly proportional to your
lifestyle. It is considered as a modern social
ill. There are many factors responsible for this
which include increased use of high fatty

snakes and over-eating. Then there are
sedentary habits, which include spending more than two hours on TV. Although
technology has made our lives easy but it has brought about physical inactivity
which is directly linked with obesity.
People become obese when the calorie intake is more than its utilisation, which means
that we gain weight when we eat more and do less work. It is a well-known fact that
calories are burnt and energy is released by engaging oneself in physical activity.
Another factor is unawareness and being ignorant of the food's nutritional values and
fat contents. You should be in the habit of craving for knowledge of what to eat, when
to eat and how much to eat.
Genetic disorders
Genes have strong effects on the child's ability to gain weight. Genes relate to weight,
appetite and hunger which shifts from one generation to another.
Medical disorders
Obesity also occurs because of various medical disorders, some of which inlude:
Hypothyroidism: Changes in hormone causes obesity, for example, when the thyroid
glands are unable to make sufficient thyroid hormones, the the rate of metabolism then
slows down and results in an increase of weight.
Cushing's Syndrome: When the adrenal glands produce a high amount of the hormone
cortisol which increase fat on the upper body, such as the face and around the neck.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The production of a high level of the hormone androgens
is a common cause of obesity in women.
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Lack of sleep: During sleep, insulin regulates the blood sugar levels. Those who sleep
less tend to eat foods having high calorific value, therefore in many cases, the insulin
level reaches to a level which promote diabetes.
Use of medicines: It has been noted that many people become obese after using certain
medicines. These medicines slow down the rate of calorie burn and increase hunger.
Treatment
Those who perform physical activities, such as

household work, climbing stairs, walking and
jogging along with a well-balanced diet are
healthy and have great resistance power.
Proper exercises help to prevent many health-
related problems but they should be performed
under doctor's advice.
Nutritionists confirm that to avoid obesity,
people should increase vegetables and fruits in their diet and must get rid of foods
that are high in fat and sugar. It is observed that the lust for chocolates, burgers and
other fatty foods reaches a dangerous level during the state of anxiety, frustration
and tediousness. Therefore, to avoid emotional distress, positive activities and
advice from psychologists is the answer to the question.
If you are obese, then discussion with people having similar problems make it
easier to follow the weight loss programme. For an obese child, exercise and
guidance from a dietician is necessary. It should be remembered that without any
dietician's recommendation, forcing a child for a low-calorie diet could be fatal.
According to a survey report, children and teenagers are born with a sweeth tooth,
so to speak. Therefore, parents play a pivotal role to convince a child to eat other
things besides those in high in sugar. Of course, children adopt behavioral patterns
from parents.
The process of losing weight is long-term which needs patience, persistence and
complete attention. Many scientists consider obesity not just a social problem but
they also take it as a medicinal problem and emphasis to control it via medical
treatment. Since, Leptin is an appetite-controlling hormone, thus efforts are being
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made to include it in baby food supplements for lasting prevention of excess
weight gain problems.
Communication Skills Self-Assessment
Exercise

In each of the following, read items A, B, and C, then mark the one that best describes
your communication style. (24 total)

1. ___ A. When conversing with others, I usually do most of the talking.
___ B. When conversing with others, I usually let the other person do most of the
talking.
___ C. When conversing with others, I try to equalize my participation in the
conversation.
Best answer: c. Conversations should be a balanced two-way flow of dialogue.

2. ___ A. When I first meet someone, I wait for the other person to make the
introduction first.
___ B. When I first meet someone, I introduce myself with a smile and offer
handshake.
___ C. When I first meet someone, I hug the person.
Best answer: b. It's good to initiate the introduction and introduce yourself with a
handshake and smile. If shaking hands is difficult, a quick head nod is a good
substitute. Initiating the introduction with a smile and handshake (or head nod) helps
build rapport.

3. ___ A. I usually "warm-up" new conversations with small talk.
___ B. I usually avoid small talk and jump into more important matters.
___ C. I usually avoid starting conversations.
Best answer: a. It's good to initiate conversations with small talk. Topics to
warm-up the conversation might include a chat about the weather, news of interest, or
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impressions about the current activity (if you're at a meeting, staff party, or other
gathering, for example).
Examples of conversation starters might be:
"It's sure warm today, isn't it?"

"Did you hear about the big accident on the freeway? Traffic's backed-up for
miles."
"What did you think about the Blazers game last night?"
"This is a nice party, isn't it?"
"Could I get you something to drink?"

4. ___ A. I make an effort to remember and use peoples' names.
___ B. I don't pay attention to names as I tend to forget them.
___ C. I only learn the names of important people.
Best answer: a. It's good to call people by name whenever possible. It makes a
good, lasting impression, and it makes the other person feel important and special. To
help remember names, try these techniques:
Repeat: After the person tells you his or her name, immediately use it several
times in the conversation.
"It's nice to meet you, Bob."
"I agree with you, Bob."
"That was a great joke, Bob!"
Associate: Associate the person's name to something unique and special.
You might:
Associate the person's name with a unique feature about
the person. For example:
"Gilda has beautiful green eyes."Think - "GG" - Green Gilda
"Jack tells funny jokes."Think - "JJ" - Joking Jack
Associate the name with a visual picture. For example:
"Sandy" - visualize a sandy beach.
"Glenn" - visualize John Glenn launching into space.
Associate the name with a personal connection.
For example:
"Brian" - My uncle's name is Brian.
"Lucy" - I had a turtle named Lucy.

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Jot: Jot the person's name down with an identifying description that will help jog
your memory later. For example:"Chuck" - tall; glasses; works in Accounting; has
twin sister; runs marathons; new to Portland.

5. ___ A. I frequently use courtesy words and phrases - "Please," "Thank you,"
"You're welcome," "I'm sorry."
___ B. I occasionally use these courtesy words and phrases.
___ C. I never use these courtesy words and phrases.
Best answer: a. Regular use of these courtesy words and phrases is important
to show politeness and build rapport.

6. ___ A. I tend to be serious and don't smile often while conversing.
___ B. I smile all the time while conversing.
___ C. I smile at appropriate times while conversing.
Best answer: c. Smiling when greeting people and at appropriate times greatly
helps build rapport.

7. ___ A. I make eye contact while conversing.
___ B. I sometimes make eye contact while conversing.
___ C. I never make eye contact while conversing.
Best answer: a. Making eye contact is important for building rapport. It gives the
impression you're interested and engaged in the conversation, and you have good self-
confidence.
Eye contact should include frequent breaks to avoid staring (this can make the
other person uncomfortable). Break eye contact frequently - glance down to the side,
then quickly make eye contact again. Glancing down to the side is important. If you
instead glance to the side (as if looking out the window, for example) or look up, it gives
the person the impression you're distracted and not paying attention to what's being
said. This quickly breaks down rapport.

8. ___ A. While conversing, I hold my head still at all times.
___ B. While conversing, I nod my head at appropriate times.
___ C. While conversing, I nod my head constantly.
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Best answer: b. Occasionally nodding your head to indicate you agree or
understand helps build rapport. Again, it shows you are interested and engaged in the
conversation.

9. ___ A. While conversing, I stand one-foot away from the person.
___ B. While conversing, I stand two- to three-feet away from the person.
___ C. While conversing, I stand five- to six-feet away from the person.
Best answer: b. Your arm's length is the appropriate distance (between two- to
three-feet). Standing closer than arm-length makes the other person feel uncomfortable
(or feel threatened). Standing a further distance away breaks down rapport.

10. ___ A. I often stand while talking to a person who is sitting.
___ B. I often sit while talking to a person who is sitting.
___ C. I often lean down while talking to a person who is sitting.
Best answer: b. Communicating at eye level helps build rapport. So, if the person
is sitting and a chair is available, take a seat! There's one exception If you walk into
your supervisor's office or co-worker's office, it's best to ask the supervisor or co-worker
if you can sit down first. Even better, wait for an invitation to sit. The person may not
have time to talk at that moment.

11. ___ A. To end a conversation, I often just leave.
___ B. To end a conversation, I begin to look impatient hoping the person will get
the hint.
___ C. To end a conversation, I wrap up with a closing statement.
Best answer: c. It's best to bring the conversation to an end by making a polite

closing comment or gesture. Good closing (wrap-up) comments might be: "I've enjoyed
talking with you." "Let me give you my business card." "Well, I need to go speak with "
"Do you know a person I can contact?"

12. ___ A. If a co-worker has put on weight, I say nothing about it.
___ B. If a co-worker has put on weight, I tell the person that he or she has
changed in appearance.
___ C. If a co-worker has put on weight, I honestly tell the person that he or she
looks fat.
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Best answer: a. It's best to say nothing. Never say anything that might hurt or
offend the person. It's called being tactful. It's always best to give compliments only,
and only say things that will make the person feel good.
"I like your dress."
"That's a nice shirt."

13. ___ A. When I'm listening to the speaker, I often cross my arms over my chest.
___ B. When I'm listening to the speaker, I often lean back and turn my body away
from the speaker.
___ C. When I'm listening to the speaker, I often lean slightly forward and face my
body toward the speaker.
Best answer: c. Leaning slightly forward and facing the speaker shows you're
interested, and it helps build rapport. Sitting with your arms crossed over your chest
gives the message you are defensive. Leaning back with your body or turning your
body away from the speaker gives the message that you are bored, disinterested, or
feel in charge. Such body language breaks down rapport.

14. ___ A. When I cross my leg, I cross my leg facing the speaker.
___ B. When I cross my leg, I cross my leg away from the speaker.
___ C. When I cross my leg, I bob my foot.

Best answer: a. Crossing your leg toward the speaker shows you're interested,
and it builds rapport. Crossing your leg away from the speaker gives the message that
you are defensive, disinterested, or feel in charge. In essence, you are putting up a
subtle barrier. And if you bob or swing your foot, you're sending the message that
you're anxious or nervous!

15. ___ A. While listening, I tend to be distracted by things going on around me.
___ B. While listening, I listen for meaning and ask questions.
___ C. While listening, I watch the person speak, but I don't "hear" a word.
Best answer: b. If you're a good listener, you keep mentally busy searching for
meaning in the message, and you ask questions. This mental "search for meaning"
helps keep you focused, attentive, and engaged. If you get easily distracted, try taking
notes if the setting is appropriate. Note-taking helps draw and focus your attention as
you must mentally "search for meaning" and listen for information in order to take
notes. This might be helpful in meetings, for example.
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If you watch someone speak but you don't "hear" a word, gauge if you are bored, tired,
might have a gap between your speaking and listening rates, or are experiencing
"emotional deafness." We all experience emotional deafness on occasion, especially
when we're feeling overwhelmed, upset, or nervous. You hear people ask - "I'm sorry,
what did you say?" or make the comment - "I have a lot on my mind right now. Could
you repeat what you said?" If it's a frequent problem, gauge the source and seek help
if needed.
Making a Great First Impression!
It takes just a quick glance, maybe three seconds, for someone to evaluate you
when you meet for the first time. In this short time, the other person forms an
opinion about you based on your appearance, your body language, your demeanor,
your mannerisms, and how you are dressed.
With every new encounter, you are evaluated and yet another person’s impression
of you is formed. These first impression can be nearly impossible to reverse or

undo, making those first encounters extremely important, for they set the tone for
the all the relationships that follows.
So, whether they are in your career or social life, it’s important to know how to
create a good first impression. This article provides some useful tips to help you do
this.
Be on Time
The person you are meeting for the first time is not interested in your “good
excuse” for running late. Plan to arrive a few minutes early. And allow flexibility
for possible delays in traffic or taking a wrong turn. Arriving early is much better
that arriving late, hands down, and is the first step in creating a great first
impression.
Be Yourself, Be at Ease
If you are feeling uncomfortable and on edge, this can make the other person ill at
ease and that’s a sure way to create the wrong impression. If you are calm and
confident, so the other person will feel more at ease, and so have a solid foundation
for making that first impression a good one. See our section on relaxation
techniques to find out how to calm that adrenaline!
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Present Yourself Appropriately
Of course physical appearance matters. The person you are meeting for the first
time does not know you and your appearance is usually the first clue he or she has
to go on.
But it certainly does not mean you need to look like a model to create a strong and
positive first impression. (Unless you are interviewing with your local model
agency, of course!)
No. The key to a good impression is to present yourself appropriately.
They say a picture is worth a thousand words, and so the “picture” you first present
says much about you to the person you are meeting. Is your appearance saying the
right things to help create the right first impression?
Start with the way you dress. What is the appropriate dress for the meeting or

occasion? In a business setting, what is the appropriate business attire? Suit, blazer,
casual? And ask yourself what the person you'll be meeting is likely to wear - if
your contact is in advertising or the music industry, a pinstripe business suit may
not strike the right note!
For business and social meetings, appropriate dress also varies between countries
and cultures, so it’s something that you should pay particular attention to when in
an unfamiliar setting or country. Make sure you know the traditions and norms.
And what about your personal grooming? Clean and tidy appearance is appropriate
for most business and social occasions. A good haircut or shave. Clean and tidy
clothes. Neat and tidy make up. Make sure your grooming is appropriate and helps
make you feel “the part”.
Appropriate dressing and grooming help make a good first impression and also
help you feel “the part”, and so feel more calm and confident. Add all of this up
and you are well on your way to creating a good first impression.
A Word about Individuality
The good news is you can usually create a good impression without total
conformity or losing your individuality. Yes, to make a good first impression you
do need to “fit in” to some degree. But it all goes back to being appropriate for the
situation. If in a business setting, wear appropriate business attire. If at a formal
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evening social event, wear appropriate evening attire. And express your
individuality appropriately within that context.
A Winning Smile!
“Smile and the world smiles too.”* So there’s nothing like a smile to create a good
first impression. A warm and confident smile will put both you and the other
person at ease. So smiling is a winner when it comes to great first impressions. But
don't go overboard with this - people who take this too far can seem insincere and
smarmy, or can be seen to be "lightweights".
(*Author Unknown)
Be Open and Confident

When it comes to making the first impression, body language as well as
appearance speaks much louder than words.
Use your body language to project appropriate confidence and self-assurance.
Stand tall, smile (of course), make eye contact, greet with a firm handshake. All of
this will help you project confidence and encourage both you and the other person
feel better at ease.
Almost everyone gets a little nervous when meeting someone for the first time,
which can lead to nervous habits or sweaty palms. By being aware of your nervous
habits, you can try to keep them in check. And controlling a nervous jitter or a
nervous laugh will give you confidence and help the other person feel at ease.
Again, see our section on relaxation techniques for help with this.
Small Talk Goes a Long Way…
Conversations are based on verbal give and take. It may help you to prepare
questions you have for the person you are meeting for the first time beforehand.
Or, take a few minutes to learn something about the person you meet for the first
time before you get together. For instance, does he play golf? Does she work with
a local charitable foundation?
Is there anything that you know of that you have in common with the person you
are meeting? If so, this can be a great way to open the conversation and to keep it
flowing.
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Be Positive
Your attitude shows through in everything you do. Project a positive attitude, even
in the face of criticism or in the case of nervousness. Strive to learn from your
meeting and to contribute appropriately, maintaining an upbeat manner and a
smile.
Be Courteous And Attentive
It goes without saying that good manners and polite, attentive and courteous
behavior help make a good first impression. In fact, anything less can ruin the one
chance you have at making that first impression. So be on your best behavior!

One modern manner worth mentioning is “turn off your mobile phone”. What first
impression will you create if you are already speaking to someone other than the
person you are meeting for the first time? Your new acquaintance deserves 100%
of your attention. Anything less and you’ll create a less than good first impression.
Key Points
You have just a few seconds to make a good first impression and it’s almost
impossible ever to change it. So it’s worth giving each new encounter your best
shot. Much of what you need to do to make a good impression is common sense.
But with a little extra thought and preparation, you can hone your intuitive style
and make every first impression not just good but great.
Vietnamese consumers’ habits change
31/03/2008
VietNamNet Bridge – Accession to the WTO and powerful economic development
have influenced the consumption trend in Vietnam: modern purchasing habits have
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increased from 9% in 2005 to 14% in 2007 and are expected to reach 24% by
2010.

“The community of Vietnamese retailers is step by step adapting itself to the new
context: fiercer and fierce competition,” said Dinh Thi My Loan, Vice
Chairwoman of the Vietnamese Retailers’ Association, at an international forum
on retail in Vietnam, held in HCM City last week.

At the forum, many Vietnamese retailers expressed their optimism about the future
of the home retail sector after January 1, 2009, when Vietnam has to wholly open
its retail market under WTO commitments.

“Joining the WTO, powerful economic development, and improved living
standards have caused the consumption trend in Vietnam to change. Modern
shopping habits (at supermarkets, stores, and trading centres) increased from 9% in

2005 to 14% in 2007 and are expected to be 24% in 2010,” Loan said.

The change of consumption habits is seen in the shift from buying at traditional
markets to supermarkets, shopping centres and through the Internet. It also
includes the increase of shopping value, higher spending on tourism, insurance and
education, health care and body care services among both men and women. The
increase in the number of young consumers and high-income earners has promoted
high-class retail shops.

Loan said, in parallel with the change of consumption habits, is the change of the
development trend of the Vietnamese retail market.

A new dynamic trend is the cooperation of local retailers to enforce
professionalism, to build up long-term development strategies, to train human
resources and emphasise management skills and to deal with weaknesses in
financial and logistics aspects. Under this trend, many chains of stores have been
set up, such as Coop Mart, Hapro Mat, Phu Thai Group, Vinatex Mart, Fivimart,
etc.

Vietnamese retailers are also combining with foreign retailers, goods
manufacturers and suppliers. New forms of retail business are also being
established. Merger and acquisition is also a bustling trend in the retail market.

“Vietnam becomes a shopping centre of Asia, why not? With its advantages in
geological position, labour cost, etc. Vietnam can completely develop (retail) as