Giáo trình ACNA - Chap11 docx

1
MANAGING DEVICE
DRIVERS
Chapter 11
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 2
OVERVIEW
•
Understand the relationship between hardware
devices and drivers
•
Install a device driver
•
Use Device Manager to view and manage hardware
devices and their device drivers
•
Troubleshoot device driver problems
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 3
UNDERSTANDING DEVICE DRIVERS
What is a device driver?
•
Software routines that implement device-specific
functions for generic input/output operations.
•
Communication interface between the operating
system and the hardware device.
•
Defines and processes device commands.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 4
DEVICE DRIVER FUNCTIONS
•
A device driver exposes device-specific routines to

device-independent functions in the operating
system.
•
A device driver allows you to manipulate the
physical properties of hardware devices.
•
A device driver can provide functionality through two
separate driver components
•
A high-level driver

Interact with application and operating system
•
A low-level driver

Direct hardware interface
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 5
DEVICES AND DRIVERS
•
Some drivers (standard keyboard, mouse) are
generic, so a single driver can be used with
hundreds of compatible devices.
•
Other drivers are very specific and work only with
a specific model of device.
•
Generic drivers require less frequent updating
and therefore present fewer challenges to the
administrator.
•

Device driver may not be available or unsupported.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 6
DEVICE DRIVERS AND HARDWARE
RESOURCES
•
I/O address (port)
•
Data mailslot
•
DMA
•
Transfer without
processor support
•
8 channels
•
Memory address
•
Additional BIOS
routines
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 7
DEVICE DRIVERS AND HARDWARE
RESOURCES
•
Device manager
•
View

IRQs


Hidden devices

NIC
•
Action

Update driver

Disable

Uninstall

Scan for changes
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 8
CONFIGURING HARDWARE RESOURCES
Issues with manual configuration:
•
Limited device resource settings
•
Resource depletion
•
Device conflicts
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 9
PLUG AND PLAY (PnP)
•
Introduced in 1995 (aka Plug and Pray)
•
Detects new hardware
•
Installs the appropriate device driver

•
Determines what hardware resources the device
requires
•
Scans the system for available hardware resources
•
Selects appropriate resource settings for the device
•
Configures both the device and the device driver
that will use the selected resources
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 10
Non-PnP COMPLIANT OR STANDARD DEVICE
Manual device driver installation and configuration:
•
The system fails to detect the new device
•
The system detects the device but cannot identify
•
The system cannot identify the specific model
•
The system installs but cannot configure the device
•
The system installs the wrong device driver
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 11
CREATING A DRIVER MAINTENANCE
STRATEGY
When a new driver is released by a manufacturer,
administrators must decide:
•
If and when updates should be installed

•
How the updates should be installed
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 12
TO UPDATE OR NOT?
•
Hardware manufacturers generally release new
device drivers:
•
To enhance performance
•
To implement new features
•
To address problems with previous driver releases
•
On a server system, all new drivers should be tested
before installation. A new driver might cause issues
with existing hardware.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 13
USERS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND DEVICE
DRIVER INSTALLATION
•
Updating device drivers might require the
administrator to visit every system. In large
environments this can be problematic.
•
Many drivers can be included in “silent” installation
packages or distributed via scripts or group policy.
•
Windows Server 2003 includes driver signing
options and the ability to grant selective driver

installation privileges to appropriate users.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 14
CONTROLLING DEVICE DRIVER ACCESS
•
Members of the Administrators group have full
access to load, unload, configure, and manage
devices and device drivers.
•
Users can install a new device if it requires no
resource configuration and if a signed driver for that
device already exists on the system. Facilitates
installing devices that use USB or FireWire
connections.
•
Can be a major data security (risk) issue
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 15
DRIVER SIGNING OPTIONS
•
Driver signing guarantees tested drivers
•
Windows Hardware Quality Laboratory
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 16
USING CONTROL PANEL
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 17
USING THE ADD HARDWARE WIZARD
•
Control Panel
•
Add hardware
•

Manual install
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 18
USING DEVICE MANAGER
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 19
ENABLING AND DISABLING DEVICES
•
A device can be disabled and enabled through
Device Manager.
•
Disabled devices appear in Device Manager with a
red X on their icons in Device Manager.
•
A disabled device cannot be accessed by the
operating system.
•
A disabled device can be assigned different
hardware resources when it is re-enabled.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 20
UNINSTALLING DEVICE DRIVERS
•
If the device was installed by Plug and Play, the
device driver is removed and the hardware is
deleted from Device Manager.
•
If the device was installed manually, the device
driver is removed but the hardware remains in
Device Manager and is marked as a device that
cannot be started, is improperly configured, or does
not have a device driver installed.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 21

MANAGING DEVICE PROPERTIES
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 22
UPDATING DRIVERS
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 23
ROLLING BACK DRIVERS
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 24
MANAGING HARDWARE RESOURCES
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 25
TROUBLESHOOTING DEVICES AND DRIVERS
•
Device Manager status codes
•
Using hardware troubleshooters
•
Recovering from device disaster