Tiếng anh chuyên đề: 5 từ chỉ lượng

Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009
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CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT
VÀ TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG 2009
MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
BIÊN SOẠN: NGUYỄN THỊ TÂM - GIÁO VIÊN HOCMAI.VN
CHUYÊN ĐỀ: TỪ CHỈ LƯỢNG

I. MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ
- Đây là một vấn đề quan trọng khi học tiếng Anh. Bài học này nhằm giúp học sinh
biết cách sử dụng các lượng từ một cách chính xác, tránh sự nhầm lẫn về nghĩa và sai
về ngữ pháp.

II. KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN
1. Some
– Dùng trong câu khẳng định
Some + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)

Some pens are on the table.
There are some pens on the table.
Some + uncountable noun + V(số ít)

There is some ink in the inkpot.

2. Many/ much
–
Dùng trong câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn. “Much” thường không được dùng
trong câu khẳng định. “Many” có thể dùng được trong câu khẳng định nhưng “a
lot of” thường được dùng nhiều hơn trong câu đàm thoại.
Many + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)

There are many books on the table.
There are not many boys here.
Are there many teachers in your school?

Much + uncountable noun + V(số ít)

There isn’t much fresh water on earth.
There is much milk in the bottle.
We didn't spend much money.
Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009
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Nhưng chú ý rằng , chúng ta dùng “too much” và “so many” trong các câu
khẳng định:
We spent too much money.

3. A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of
–
Dùng trong câu khẳng định
A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)

A lot of pupils/ lots of pupils are in the library now.
Plenty of shops take checks.

A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of + noun (số ít) + V(số ít)

Lots of sugar is sold in the shop.
A lot of time is needed to learn a language.
Don’t rush, there’s plenty of time.
Chú ý: a lot of = lots of

4. A great deal of (= much)/ a number of
A great deal of + uncountable noun + V (số ít)
A great deal of rice is produced in Vietnam

A large number of + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)

A great number of + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)

A large number of cows are raised in Ba Vi.
Nhưng chú ý cấu trúc sau:
The number of + countable noun (số nhiều) + V (số ít)

The number of days in a week is seven.
The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is
quite small.

5. A little và little
A little (không nhiều nhưng đủ dùng) + uncountable noun + V(số ít)
Little (gần như không có gì) + uncountable noun + V(số ít)

Ví dụ:
A: can you give me some ink?
B: yes, I can give you some. I’ve got a little ink in my pen
( No, I’m sorry. I’ve got only little)
We must be quick. There is little time. (= not much , not enough time )
Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009
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He spoke little English, so it was difficult to communicate with him
(anh ấy hầu như đã không nói được Tiếng Anh, vì thế thật khó khăn khi
nói chuyện với anh ấy )

He spoke a little English, so we was able to communicate with him.
(Anh ấy đã nói Tiếng Anh được đôi chút , vì thế chúng ta có thể nói
chuyện với anh ấy)

6. A few và few
A few (không nhiều nhưng đủ dùng) + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số
nhiều)
Few (gần như không có) + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)

Ví dụ:
The house isn’t full. There are a few rooms empty .
Where can I sit now? - There are few seats left.
He isn't popular. He has few friends.
She's lucky. She has few problems. (= not many problem)

7. All
All + countable noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)
All students are ready for the exam.

All + uncountable noun + V(số ít)

Nearly all water on earth is salty.

8. Most of, all of, some of, many of
Most/ some/ all/ many + noun (số nhiều) + V(số nhiều)
Some people are very unfriendly.

Most of, some of, all of, many of + the/ his/ your/ my/ this/ those + noun (số
nhiều) + V(số nhiều)
Some of the people at the party were very friendly.

(không nói “some of people”)
Most of my friends live in Hanoi.


III. CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC
Bài tập 1: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau:
Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009
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1. There are ducks in the park. (many, much)
2. water is left in the pond. (few, little)
3. authors are as famous as Shakespeare. (few, little)
4. How rice do you have? (many, much)
5. There are books on the subject which she has not read. (few, little)
6. attention has been paid to the importance of the mass media.
(many, much)
7. people prefer soccer to football. (many, much)
8. There are stores downtown than there are in the suburbs. (fewer,
less)
9 information was available. (few, little)
10. sports are as fast-paced as hockey. (few, little)
11. She made the mistakes of all the children in the class. (fewest,
least)
12. work remains to be done. (few, little)
13. There is often wind in the evening than there is at midday. (fewer,
less)
14. He does not have money. (many, much)
15. He did the work of all the boys in the class. (fewest, least)
16. She told stories to amuse the children. (many, much)

Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little”

1. He isn’t very popular. He has ……… friends.
2. Ann is very busy these days. She has ……… free time.
3. Did you take …………….photographs when you were on holiday?
4. The museum was very crowded. There were too……… people.
5. Most of the town is modern. There are ………… old buidings.
6. We must be quick. We have……… time.
7. Listen carefully, I’m going to give you ……….advice.
8. Do you mind if I ask you……….questions?
9. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so …….tourists come here.
10. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got ………… patience.
11. “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please. ………….”
12. This is a very boring place to live. There’s ………….to do.
Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009
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Đáp án:
Bài tập 1:
1. many 2. little 3. few 4. much
5. few 6. much 7. many 8. fewer
9. little 10. few 11. fewest 12. little
13. less 14. much 15. least 16. many
Bài tập 2:
1. He isn’t very popular. He has few friends.
2. Ann is very busy these days. She has little free time.
3. Did you take many photographs when you were on holiday?
4. The museum was very crowded. There were too many people.
5. Most of the town is modern. There are few old buildings.
6. We must be quick. We have little time.
7. Listen carefully, I’m going to give you a little advice.
8. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?

9. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so few tourists come here.
10. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got little patience.
11. “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please. A little”
12. This is a very boring place to live. There’s little to do.

IV. LUYỆN TẬP
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “some” hoặc “any”:
1. We didn’t buy …………flowers.
2. This evening I’m going out with ………….friends of mine.
3. “Have you seen ……… good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema
for ages”.
4. I didn’t have ……………money, so I had to borrow………
5. Can I have ……… milk in my coffee, please?
6. I was too tired to do………work.

Bài tập 2: Điền “of” vào những câu dưới đây nếu cần thiết.
1. All……….cars have wheels.
2. None………this money is mine.
3. Some…… people get angry very easily.
4. Some……….the people I met at the party were very interesting.
Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009
5. I have lived in London most………my life.
6. Are any………those letters for me?
7. Most………days I get up before 7 o’clock.
8. Jim thinks that all…….…museums are boring.

Nguồn: Hocmai.vn
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