Summary phd thesis in philosophy roles of the government in the integration of economic growth with ecological environment protection in vietnam nowadays

Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy
Nguyen Thi Khuong
ROLES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF
ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION IN VIETNAM NOWADAYS
Specialism : CNDVBC & CNDVLS
Code : 62 22 80 05
SUMMARY PHD THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY
Ha Noi – 2014
The work was completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
Supervisor: 1. A.Prof.Dr. Tran Thanh
2. A.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Minh Hoan
Reviewer 1:………………………………………………………………………….
Reviewer 2:………………………………………………………………………….
Reviewer 3:………………………………………………………………………….
The PhD thesis will be defensed in front of a jury and marked by at
Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
At…: On 2014
The PhD thesis is available in National Library and the
Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity of the research
Human beings have entered the third millennium, and we are facing global
challenges. Climate change and the degradation of natural resources, ecological
environment pollution are the biggest concerns of the contemporary world.
Ecological environment pollution has been changing comprehensively and deeply
natural ecosystems, affecting the economic growth as well as the whole society,
threatening seriously environment, energy and food security in worldwide.
The root causes of global climate change and ecological environmental
pollution are: the uncompleted engineering, exploiting and processing technology
of natural resources; incomplete understanding of ecological environment.

Especially, development policies of countries often only focus and prioritize
economic growth, regardless ecological environment protection. Meaningful
action of protecting the ecological environment and combating climate change is
that countries need to establish harmonious relationship between economic growth
and ecological environment protection. This is an inevitable demand for nations
toward sustainable development in the XXI century.
Like many other countries in the world, in Vietnam, due to the impact of
maintaining development model in width for a long time and dependence on
exploitation of natural resource and environmental factors, ecological quality has been
declining rapidly. The natural ecosystem was narrowed in area and degraded in
quality. And many resources are exhausted leading to risk of insufficient supply
Those situations have negatively impacted on the socio- economic aspects and growth
rate of the economy, threatening food security, environment security, public health
and sustainable development in Vietnam.
To reduce these negative impacts, in the period of renovation and
reinforcement of industrialization and modernization, Vietnam Communist Party
and the government have reformed the development model. Model
“comprehensive development” has been presented with the major contents of
“rapid, efficient and sustainable development, economic growth with the
maintenance of social equality and environmental protection” [50, page 162].
Thanks to this model, Vietnamese socialist-oriented market economy has been
established and strongly developed. Vietnam is regarded as the nation of high
economic growth in the region.
Specially, the economic achievements have helped Vietnam to make
considerable progress in implementing the millennium development objectives.
Such social issues as: hunger eradication, poverty alleviation, medicinal-
educational-cultural development, etc. have been tackled. However, there still exist
some limitations in the implementation of the new development model. Among
these limitations, “the inefficiency and wastefulness in the management,
exploitation and use of natural resources” [52, page 166], [the serious

environmental degradation in some regions growing to the warming level” [52,
page 169] have been considered the strictest ones by Vietnam Communist Party
and the Government. These limitations are due to several causes, most of which are
the subjective causes. The emphasis on economic growth and neglect of
environmental protection are still popular; economic growth is in a wide range,
heavily depending on the exploitation of natural resources; several fields and lines
of manufacturing still use the obsolete technology, causing the severe
environmental pollution; the population growth and rapid urbanization are putting
pressures on the environment. Meanwhile, the regulations and policies on
environmental protection and sustainable development have not met the demand
for economic-social development of the nation. The state system of organization
and administration still has several drawbacks and lacks human resources,
especially in local areas. There still exist some limitations in the implementation;
the violations to the laws on environmental protection are not tackled decisively
and strictly.
Vietnamese Communist Party and the government have acknowledged the
above limitations; without the proper solutions, these limitations may not only
seriously affect the implementation of the millennium objectives but also give
threats to economic growth, causing the hazards to people’s life.
Rapid and sustainable growth is the need of the nation’s strategies of
economic-social development. The integration of economic growth with ecological
environment protection is an essential issue and a tough and complicated mission.
This requires the Government to continuously reform the thinking, methods of
implementation and reinforce the policies, legal instruments, implement the
inspection, checking and supervision of the economic management and
management of resources-environment, financial investment for the protection of
resource- environment, raise people’s awareness of the importance of the
integration of economic growth with ecological environment protection, etc.
From the above analysis, the study of the roles of the Government in the
integration of economic growth with ecological environment protection is very

essential. For these reasons, the researcher chooses the topic “Roles of the
Government in the integration of economic growth with ecological environment
protection” as the topic for her doctoral thesis.
2. Purpose and task of the research
2.1. Research purposes
On the basis of clarifying the basic contents of the Goverment’s roles in integrating
economic growth with ecological environment protection, the thesis analyzes problems
of improving the Government's roles in integrating economic growth with ecological
environment protection, thereby, a number of major solutions are proposed to promote
the role of the Government in this issue during phase of promoting industrialization and
modernization in Vietnam.
2.2. Research tasks
- To clarify the dialectical relationship between economic growth with
ecological environment protection and the basic contents expressing the role of the
Government in integrating economic growth with ecological environment protection.
- To analysis and evaluate issues for enhancing the role of the Government in
integrating economic growth with ecological environment protection in Vietnam.
- To propose some basic solutions to promote the role of the Government in
integrating economic growth with ecological environment protection in Vietnam.
3. Subjects and scope of research
3.1. Research Subjects
The thesis focuses on the role of the Government in the integration of economic
growth with ecological environment protection.
3.2. Scope of the Study
The thesis clarifies the integration of economic growth with ecological
environment protection in philosophical perspective. Through social functions of the
Government as an important factor in the superstructure, the thesis proposes the
basic contents showing the Government's role in integrating economic growth with
ecological environment protection during phase of promoting industrialization and
modernization in Vietnam from 1996 to present.

4. Theoretical basis and research methodology of the thesis
4.1. Theoretical basis
The thesis bases on the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi
Minh’s ideology and viewpoints, guidelines and policies of the Party and the
Government on socio - economic development in the period of accelerating
industrialization and modernization. During performance, the thesis also inherits
some achievements of relevant scientific works.
4.2. Research Methodology
The thesis bases on the methodological principles of dialectical materialism and
historical materialism in combination with other methods such as: logic – history, analysis -
synthesis and induction - deduction, investigation, information collection, survey, research,
comparison
5. New contributions
- The thesis clarifies issues for enhancing the role of the Government in
integrating economic growth with ecological environment during phase of promoting
industrialization and modernization in Vietnam.
- The thesis proposes some basic solutions to promote the role of the
Government in integrating economic growth with ecological environment protection
during phase of promoting industrialization and modernization in Vietnam.
6. Significance of the thesis
- The thesis contributes to point out scientific arguments for the Party and the
Government proposing sound guidelines, policies and laws to address well
relationship between economic growth and ecological environment protection.
- Problem are mentioned and resolved by thesis will contribute to enhancing
the role of the Government in leading, directing and implementing combination of
economic growth with ecological environment protection.
- The thesis can be used as reference for those who studying, teaching, and
those interested in the field of integrating economic growth with ecological
environment protection.
7. Structure of the thesis

Besides the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, this
thesis includes 4 chapters and 10 units.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT
1.1. RESEARCHES ON INTEGRATING ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
1.1.1. Researches on economic growth
Many works has researched on economic growth including some typical works as
"A number of measures to improve the quality of socio-economic development in our
country", the Journal Political Theory No. 4 (2010) by Nguyen Thi Doan; "the
Vietnam’s transformation in economic growth today" Journal of Political Theory No. 1
(2013) by Nguyen Van Hau, "Economic growth, social progress and equality in
Vietnam" by Hoang Duc Than and Dinh Quang Ty; "The great relationships need to
be addressed well in the innovation - oriented socialism in our country" by Nguyen Phu
Trong; "The speed and quality of economic growth in Vietnam" by Nguyen Van Nam,
Tran Tho Dat
In general, available studies on economic growth have focused on clarifying
connotation of economic growth concept, and studying in depth and systemizing the
theoretical issues related to the speed and quality of economic growth, indicating model
of economic growth as well as factors affecting the growing scale of the world
economy and Vietnam economy, pointing out the fundamental solutions to promote
process of economic growth in our country.
1.1.2. The studies on ecological environment, ecological environment protection
Some works has studied on this issue as "Philosophical - social aspect of
ecological environment problems in Vietnam", The Journal of Philosophy No. 6 (1998)
by Pham Thi Ngoc Tram; "The relationship between development and environmental
protection - the Japanese experience, The Journal of Economic Studies No. 316 (2004)
of Nguyen Van Kim,"Ecological Ethics and environmental-ecological education"
(2009) by Vu Trong Dung; "Actively respond to climate change, promote the protection
of natural resources and environment", National Political Publishing House, Hanoi

(2013)
The studies clarifies connotation of ecological environmental concept, pointing out
that protection of ecological environment is vital to nations in present. This study refers
to solutions on ecological environment protection such as solutions on policy, law,
financial investment, science and technology and education on ecological environment
protection for people
1.1.3. The studies on integrating economic growth with ecological environment
protection
In recent years, researches on integrating economic growth with ecological
environment protection have drawn considerable attention. Among the studies related
to this issue, we can mention some typical works such as "Developing ecological ethics
- man's responsibility for nature", The Journal of Philosophy No. 6 (2009) by Pham Thi
Ngoc Tram, "Environmental pollution in our country today - Situation and some
solutions", published in the Journal of Philosophy No.11 (2009) by Tran Dac Hien,
"The development of free trade in market economy in Vietnam today with ecological
environment protection”, doctoral thesis of Truong Manh Tien; "The relationship
between economic growth and environmental protection for sustainable development",
doctoral thesis of Bui Van Dung
The above studies proved that activities of material production, daily activity and
activities promoting economic growth are root causes of ecological environment
pollution and exhaustion of natural resources. Since then, the researches focused on
analyzing and providing the best basic solutions to combine economic growth with
ecological environment protection.
1.2. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON ROLES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
1.2.1. Research on roles of the government in economic growth
Roles of the government in economic growth is a popular issue of research in
the recent years, including the following studies: “Government administration on
the economy in Vietnam nowadays” Journal of political theory No 2 (2010) by Ngo

Quang Minh; “Roles of subject factors in the growth of the socialism-oriented
economy in Vietnam nowadays”, Journal of Philosophy No. 10 (2012) by Tran
Thanh, “Economic regulations of the government in the market economy and
international economic integration in Vietnam”, by Luong Xuan Quy and Do Duc
Binh; “Roles of the Government in international economic integration in Vietnam”
by Mai Lan Huong, etc.
In these works, the terms of economic growth, market economy and
international economic integration are clearly defined and explained. Besides, the
research has focused on clarifying the changes of the government’s roles since the
economic reform was implemented, which denotes that with all the economic
regulations, the government has created the equal legal framework to all the
entities joining the market, stimulating the growth of socialism oriented economy.
Some research has shown that Vietnam has succeeded in the economic
integration with the work and region. Therefore, the participation of the
government in the economy and society in the new period is essential. However,
apart from the advantages, the roles of the government in regulating the economy
have shown some drawbacks. Thus, there need some measures to improve the
efficiency in the economic management of the government like: improving the
legal system and economic policies; reforming and improving the administration
regulations, etc.
1.2.2. Research on roles of the government in ecological environment
protection
The typical works include: “From Engels’s warming about natural disasters,
thinking about the roles of the government in ecological environment protection”
by Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Journal of Political theory No. 7 (2011); “Roles of the
Vietnamese government in environmental protection” by Le Thi Thanh Ha, Journal
of Philosophy No. 8 (2011); “Administration to resources and environment for the
sustainable development from the society-humanity perspective” by Pham Thi
Ngoc Tram (2006); “Improving the efficiency of the Government administration on
the environment” by Nguyen Thi Thom and An Nhu Hai (2011), etc.

These works have shown that the entity holding the most important role in
stimulate the ecological environment protection is the government. As the
representative of people owning natural resources, the government performs the
functions of organizing, managing, checking and inspecting the exploitation and
use of natural resources. In Vietnam, the government plays an important role in
issuing the undertakings, policies, laws and organizing, building the team of
professional staff that is in charge of performing the management of resources and
environment. Strengthening the government’s roles in the management of
resources and environment requires: improving the legal system and policies on the
environmental protection; improving the Government system of organization
mechanisms on the management of resources and environment in different levels;
raising people’s awareness of environmental protection, etc.
In conclusion, these works have proven their theoretical and practical
meanings. The scientific value of these works has facilitated the research direction
of the current thesis.
Chapter 2
INCORPORATING THE ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH THE
PROTECTION OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT – DEMAND FOR
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AND ROLES OF THE GOVERNMENT
2.1. INCORPORATING THE ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION– DEMAND FOR THE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
2.1.1. Definition of Economic growth and Ecological environment
protection
2.1.1.1. Definition of Economic growth and factors influencing the
economic growth
Economic growth is defined in a variety of aspects. For example, economic
growth is the potential output expansion of a nation over the time, or the expansion
of economic capacity to manufacture and expand the production possibility over

the time; economic growth is the term used to denote the growth in terms of the
output scale of an economy during a specific period.
In the current thesis, economic growth is the growth in terms of the quantity
and quality of an economy during a specific period on the basis of the exploitation
of natural and social resources.
The factors influencing the economic growth include: high-quality human
resources, the application of new technology, development of modern
infrastructure and favorable ecological environment.
2.1.1.2. Definition of ecological environment and ecological environment
protection
There are a variety of definitions of ecological environment including:
Ecological environment comprises all the natural and social conditions (organic
and inorganic) concerning the human life, the existence and development of the
society; Ecological environment is the aggregation of all factors directly
influencing human life like: air, water, land, soil, climate and toxic contaminants;
etc.
In the current thesis, ecological environment is defined as the natural
ecological environment that provides such inputs to the economic growth as
species of flora and fauna and types of natural resources influencing the
manufacturing process.
Ecological environment protection is the human exploitation and use of
natural resources reasonably in order to maintain the ecological balance, reform
and improve the environment, avoid the severe consequences that economic
growth brings to the ecological environment.
2.1.2. Dialectical relationship between economic growth and ecological
environment protection
2.1.2.1. Roles and effects of economic growth in ecological environment
protection
In the manufacturing process, economic growth is the primary way and the
compulsory demand of every nation in order to develop the economy. To stimulate

the economic growth, every nation has been affecting the ecological environment.
For each nation, natural resources are the basis for the development. Over the
last decades, human beings have continuously developed labor tools and applied
modern technology for the exploitation of natural resources. The application of
modern technology for the exploitation of natural resources helps to conserve
natural resources and preserve the landscapes of the ecological environment to
some extents. However, it has also brought the consequences negatively affecting
the ecological environment.
In case of high economic growth, human beings will be given more favorable
conditions to protect ecological environment; and vice versa, without the economic
growth or if human beings try to heavily exploit natural resources for the economic
growth, there shall be no conditions to improve and protect the ecological
environment
2.1.2.2. Effects of ecological environment protection on economic growth
Ecological environment provides with the basic physical conditions so that
human beings may survive and conduct the manufacturing of wealth. There shall
be no economic growth without the inputs to the process of manufacturing, so
ecological environment itself provides with the labor objects for the continuing
manufacturing process.
Therefore, ecological environment protection has positive effects on
economic growth. If ecological environment is protected; natural resources are
conserved and conditioned to renew, the inputs for economic growth, as a result,
will be conserved and stable. If ecological environment is not protected, natural
resources are exploited heavily to the depletion and not conditioned to renew, the
economic inputs consequently will be unstable and insufficient for the
manufacturing; also, there will be no economic growth.
For the ecological environment protection, during the manufacturing process,
human beings shall find out the appropriate methods affecting the ecological
environment that both allow the economic growth and protect ecological
environment

2.1.3. Demand for incorporating economic with ecological environment
protection for the sustainable development
First, for economic growth, countries depend on the ecological environment
to some extents. The accomplishment of the objectives of economic growth shall
focus on the effective exploitation of natural resources to condition the economic
growth potentials and the maintenance of the ecological balance.
Second, economic growth and ecological environment protection are the two
primary objectives for the sustainable development; however, the accomplishment
of these two objectives often accompany with the arising conflicts that need
solving. To ensure the growth potentials for the next generations, the present
generation should exploit natural resources properly and protect the ecological
environment. This can be done only by the incorporation of economic growth with
ecological environment protection.
Third, incorporating economic with ecological environment protection for the
sustainable development is the basis for the sustainability of the society. This
includes: maintaining the social equality, eradicating the poverty and using the
development indicators of people as the first objective of the development
2.2. ROLES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE INCORPORATION OF
ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
2.2.1. Roles of the government in developing the policies, strategies and
laws to incorporate economic growth with ecological environment protection
Policies: the necessary policies for the incorporation of economic growth with
ecological environment protection include: developing human resources and
science-technology, building the economic structure and allocating natural
resources. These policies are the basis for the government to effectively exploit
natural resources for the economic growth and orient the economic growth in the
ecological environment protection
Strategies: strategies are the specifications of the policies of incorporating
economic growth with ecological environment protection at a specific level. As the

highest authority, the government will decide the design of the strategies and
mobilize the financial, human and other resources to implement these objectives.
Laws: International Laws on the incorporation of economic growth with
ecological environment protection is the sets of rules and international regulations
regulating the relationship among countries and between nations with the
international organizations, requiring the compliance of the rules on ecological
environment protection during the manufacturing activities in order to ensure the
appropriate incorporation of economic growth with ecological environment
protection
2.2.2. Roles of the government in implementing the incorporation of
economic growth and ecological environment protection
Roles of the government in organizing the mechanisms to implement the
incorporation of economic growth with ecological environment protection
Ecological environment protection is the important issue affecting the
survival of each nation. Therefore, it shall be regarded as a vital economic-social
field like other fields; the government than has to identify the objectives, issue and
implement the decisions from the central to local level in order to create the
vertical link for the ecological environment protection under the continuing effects
of the economy.
Roles of the government in assembling the team of professional staff
incorporating the economic growth with ecological environment protection:
The government assembles the team of professional staff by planning,
training and developing skilled staff and Government officials. Then, there will be
a team of skilled staff, ensuring the continuing hierarchy in terms of human
resources and meeting the practical demand for the incorporation of the economic
growth with ecological environment protection.
Roles of the government in mobilizing the capital; implementing the research
of science-technology and international cooperation in the incorporation of the
economic growth with ecological environment protection:
In order to implement the contents of ecological environment protection under

the effects of economic growth, the mobilized capital should be adequate to
finance the following operations: investment in building, upgrading the
infrastructure, production of environment-friendly products, improving the system
of laws and implementing the projects of environmental protection, etc.
The application of modern science-technology achievements in the
manufacturing will improve the effective use of capital and natural resources boost
the economic growth and exploit the ecological environment more properly.
Therefore, countries have to research and apply the advanced science-technology
achievement in the economic growth and ecological environment protection
The expanded international communication and cooperation in the field of
environmental protection is also a positive factor strengthening the roles of the
government in the incorporation of the economic growth with ecological
environment protection.
2.2.3. Roles of the government in performing the inspection, checking and
supervision of implementing the incorporation of the economic growth with
ecological environment protection.
On doing these operations, the government will gain an overview of the
implementation of the incorporation of the economic growth with ecological
environment protection. Then, the government can design appropriate development
policies and strategies
The activities of inspection, checking and supervision contribute to ensuring
the effective accomplishment of undertakings, policies and regulations of the
Communist Party and the Government. This helps to prevent, detect and handle the
violations of the regulations on implementing the incorporation of the economic
growth with ecological environment protection
2.2.4. Roles of the government in developing the social consensus and
improving the social responsibility of each individual to implement the
incorporation of the economic growth with ecological environment protection
In the economic growth, physical benefits that people desire when carrying
out the exploitation of natural resources are the root causes of destroying the

ecological environment. To regulate the benefits among different social groups and
ensure that every individual fulfills the responsibility of ecological environment
protection, the government has to perform the social consensus and the roles of
each individual in ecological environment protection.
Chapter 3
EMERGING ISSUES FOR ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE
GOVERMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
IN VIETNAM PRESENTLY
3.1. CONFLICTS BETWEEN REQUIREMENT OF THE UNITY IN
POLICIES, STRATEGIES, LAW IN INTEGRATING ECONOMIC
GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, AND
INCONSISTENT STATUS.
3.1.1. The inadequacies, inconsistencies between policies and strategies in the
combination of accelerating economic growth and protecting the ecological
environment
Firstly: The inadequacies, inconsistencies in the formulation and
implementation of policies of integrating economic growth with ecological
environment protection
Economic policies: The Government offers specific provisions on the preferential
regimes of land, tax, financial support for the environment protection activities, the
environmentally friendly products as well as activities which nicely balance between
protection and efficient use of environmental elements for the development. Despite
advancements in promulgation and implementation of policies, but in fact, many
complicated difficulties still arise. For example, the policies are not commensurate and
can not meet the demands of reality. Some policies also reveal legal loopholes - the
conditions for types of crime making negative things that affect the economy and
destroy ecological environment.
Social policies: including policies on poverty reduction, job creation, education
and training, science and technology Despite making significant progress, the role of

the Government in promulgation and implementation direction of these policies still
shows certain limitations, the Government must be positive and more proactive in order
to propose more reasonable policies, create necessary and sufficient conditions for
economic growth and environment protection to be mounted right in every step of the
development of the country.
Secondly: The inadequacies in the creation and implementation of strategies to
implement the policy of attaching economic growth with ecological environment
protection.
The birth of the strategies creates necessary conditions to encourage both domestic
and foreign organizations and individuals to invest labor, capital, apply scientific and
technical achievements in protection and exploitation of natural resources to promote
economy growth. However, there are still some limitations in promulgation as well as
implementation of strategies. The quality of the strategies despite being improved, some
limitations still exist and overlap. Besides, the implementation of strategies is not
uniform across the localities that request the Government to recognize and have
adjustments and supplements in accordance with the actual requirements.
3.1.2. The inadequacies and inconsistencies of the legal system in the
combination of economic growth and ecological environment protection
In the global trend, international economic integration, Vietnam has participated in
the International Conferences and signed International Conventions on environment
protection. It can be affirmed that the signing of these Conventions has expressed
proper awareness, especially in the implementation of the economic growth associated
with the protection of the ecological environment. However, there are still some
limitations such as the signing of the Conventions is still delayed, the implementation is
much later than other countries in the world
We can say that the system of legal documents on environment protection is also
legal documents adjusting the relationship between economic growth and ecological
environment protection, that has marked important steps in implementing the schedule
of the twenty-first century of Vietnam: System of professional organization on
ecological environment protection in economic growth is gradually established; the

economy has fairly stable movements; ecological environment is initially protected.
But the fact is that, although there are a number of legal documents on
environment protection, a specialized legal system on the combination of economic
growth and ecological environment protection is absent; issues on environment
protection, rational exploitation of natural resources in economic activities, production
and business are not the fundamental and significant ones in the legal system; some
legal documents still contain irregularities which are inconsistent with reality of
integrating economic growth and ecological environment protection; existing legal
provisions on environment are not in accordance with international law system on
sustainable development which Vietnam has signed.
3.2. CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE REQUIREMENTS OF RAISING
EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION,
INSPECTION, SUPERVISION OF THE COMBINATION OF ECONOMIC
GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, BUT
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE STILL SHOWS INADEQUACIES,
LIMITATIONS
3.2.1. The weakness in linking sectors, levels of organizational system of
government management in matching economic growth with ecological
environment protection
Firstly: The organizational structure of the govenrment management on
ecological environment overlaps operates inefficiently
Ecological environment pollution in the country takes place everywhere, regularly
and constantly, posing the need to have a mechanism with the enough number of
employees in management of environmental resources. But, in our country, the number
of government management agencies on environmental resources is small, locating
mainly in the central, provincial and district levels, it is not many in administrative units
of wards, communes. The connection of Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment with other ministries such as the Ministry of Science and Technology,
Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health in the protection of ecological environment
in our country has many limitations as: the overlapping on functions and powers of the

ministries; the assignment on ecological environment protection, the management
decentralization is not obvious, which make them push, dodge responsibilities or blame
each other when an environmental incident occurs. Secondly: Management officers
of the government on environment are lacking in quantity, and poor in professional
quality
Until now, the total number of officers working on environment management in
Vietnam is around 10,000 people, with a ratio of about 13/1 million residents. The lack
of this force has a direct effect on the efficiency of the government management on
ecological environment. This is one of the causes that makes environmental pollution
increase, environmental crime act more, which directly imfluence economic growth and
the quality of human life. The quality of staffs working in the government management
on linking economic growth with ecological environment protection in our country
today has many limitations such as low professional skills; poor moral qualities
3.2.2. The investment on capital, science and technology, ensuring economic
growth attached to ecological environment protection has not achieved the desired
effects
Regarding the capital investment
The government has identified financial spendings for ecological environment
protection are recurrent expenditures. From 2006 until now, the budget for environment
protection has been set as a separate source with a scope of not less than 1% of the total
annual state budget. However, managers find the current investment too low in
comparision with the actual requirements of environment protection tasks and still
scattered; returned investment rate for environment protection from revenues related to
the environment is low; the allocation of ODA, credit capital in the annual budget plan
for the socialization of environment is not clear; capital sources management is
neglected, creating opportunities for corruption, wastefulness.
Regarding science and technology
The government has studied and applied the achievements of science and
technology into reality, so there are positive effects in improving productivity,
economic efficiency and protection of ecological environment. The transfer and

widespread application of scientific achievements have contributed to promoting the
process of economy restructure, forming a number of economic sectors which consist
of high technology level and are environmentally friendly; the process of exploitation
and use of natural resources is more effective and economical. Besides, the
implementation and application of science and technology to practical economic
growth and ecological environment protection in our country is limited, such as:
scientific and technological development does not correspond with the sustainable
development; does not fully participate in overcoming environmental pollution
3.2.3. The inspection, examination and supervision of the combination of
economic growth and ecological environment protection does not meet practical
requirements
Generally, inspection, examination, supervision of the combination of economic
growth and ecological environment protection in our country has been gradually
strengthened and enhanced, achieved some positive effects, there is a harmonious
coordination between government management agencies, between ministries and
sectors However, this activity in our country over the past time has shown many
limitations such as: The authorities still loose the management, lack of responsibility for
inspection, examination, supervision of ecological environment protection; inspectors
of ministries, sectors have not yet strictly enforced the law, in many places, there are the
phenomena on pushing the responsibility to each other
3.3. THE CONFLICT OF REQUIREMENTS OF CLOSE
COORPERATION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND
ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL FORCES IN THE COMBINATION OF
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION, WITH LOOSE COORPERATION STATUS
3.3.1. The limitations in raising responsibility awareness of enterprises on the
combination of economic growth and ecological environment protection
In fact, enterprises, economic organizations have contributed so much to the
protection of the ecological environment. However, besides that, there are many
enterprises which do not properly fulfill environmental responsibilities in production

and business. Because of benefits, businesses find ways to avoid environmental issues,
do not honest in declarations, ignore environmental criteria, cause serious
environmental pollution. The inadequacies of policies and law, the weakness of
leadership, management of government agencies are the underlying reasons for
neglectful condition, lack of environmental responsibility of enterprises, economic
institutions in our country today.
3.3.2. The limitations in raising awareness of law and policies of the political-
social organizations and people on the combination of economic growth and
ecological environment protection
In our country, socio-political organizations and all people have certain roles in the
protection of ecological environment. Although there have been many achievements,
but, in fact, the role of organizations and unions to protect the ecological environment in
our country has not been clear, has not created the consensus between provisions of
law, policies of the government and the organizations. In many places, communities
and socio-political organizations are not allowed to involve in the assessment of
environmental impacts of projects implemented in their localities
Chapter 4
SOME FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTION GROUPS TO IMPROVE THE
GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN LINKING ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION OF VIETNAM TODAY
4.1. THE SOLUTION GROUP OF ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF
BUILDING THE SYSTEMS OF POLICIES, STRATEGIES, LAWS OF THE
GOVERNMENT IN COMBINATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
4.1.1. Building, completing the system of policies and strategies on
economic growth associated with the protection of the ecological environment
Regarding building and completing policies on economic growth associated
with ecological environment protection
Building and training high-quality human resources - basic requirements for the
rapid and sustainable development: Completing of the planning, human resources

development plan, exploitation and protection of natural resources; human resource
priority for the biotechnology sector, new materials technologies, mining technology
and processing natural resources; reviewing technical workforce directly exploiting
natural resources, re-evaluating the professional standards, determining the demand for
quantity, quality to take measures for education, training; Researching on building and
implementing mechanisms and policies to attract and use high-quality human resources
for economic growth associated with protection of the ecological environment.
Developing science and technology is a factor contributing to ecological
environment protection in economic growth: Continuing to innovate, improve the
mechanisms, policies and laws to build and use effectively the scientific technical staffs,
enhance the competition in the operation of scientific individuals and organizations to
motivate the development of science, technology of natural resources - environment
sector; having strong and uniform innovation, organization, management mechanism,
operation mechanism, constructing comprehensive training policy, worthy
remuneration for talents working in natural resources- environment sector
Regarding the construction and completion of strategies on matching economic
growth with ecological environment protection
The government needs to quickly promulgate specific strategies on linking
economic growth with ecological environment protection. During the absence of the
strategy, Government should review and modify strategies on economic development,
existing strategies on environment protection towards closely linking with each other
and matching economic growth and ecological environment protection. These strategies
should focus on planning development of industrial zones and spots, handicraft villages
and urban areas, ensure science; make appropriate policies, minimize the overlap,
inconsistencies between existing strategies; perform strategies publicly and
transparently
4.1.2. Construction and completion of legal system on attaching economic
growth with ecological environment protection
Government must be active to launch a specific law on economic growth in
conjunction with ecological environment protection with the following requirements:

The legal system must be strong enough, sanctions must be really strict and enough to
deter violations of law; diversify forms of handling violations; consult environmental
law of developing countries while amending the promulgation of law; having specific
provisions on the proper requirements, contents, methods, inspection modes,
supervision, accounting and auditing to ensure goals, requirements and management
activities efficiency of natural resources and environment protection…
4.2. THE SOLUTION GROUP OF ENHANCING THE ROLE,
EFFECTIVENESS, MANAGEMENT OPERATION EFFICIENCY OF THE
GOVERNMENT IN THE COMBINATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
4.2.1. Completing and strengthening the organizational mechanism of the
government on ecological environment protection in conjunction with economic
growth
Completing the organizational mechanism of the government on ecological
environment protection in conjunction with economic growth from the central to the
localities into two directions which are professional and in-depth and both vertical and
horizontal.
Strengthening the role, responsibility and capacity of the specialized forces in
charge of ecological environment protection, as: strengthening the training, improving
professional skills and management for the task forces to execute the protection of
ecological environment; conducting a review, evaluation, determining the
responsibilities of ministries, sectors and localities in implementing the government
management functions on ecological environment protection; raising and educating
professional ethics for officials and civil servants and workforce working in
management of natural resources and environment
4.2.2. Strengthening the inspection, examination and supervision of the
combination of economic growth and ecological environment protection
The government needs to set up a system of specialized inspection, examination
and supervision of environment at all levels, from central to localities; have policies for
officials to study and improve professional knowledge; modify and supplement

necessary regulations on the inspection attaching economic growth with ecological
environment protection in Inspection Law and other relevant sectors of law, create an
adequate legal basis for the activities of inspection, examination and supervision;
clearly defining responsibilities of inspection, examination, supervision and handling
power on ecological environment protection for competent authorities of the
government; continue to strengthen the police force on environmental crime prevention

4.2.3. Building a financial resource which is strong enough to perform the
combination of economic growth and ecological environment protection
The government needs to supplement the provisions of law on financial revenue
and expenditure for ecological environment protection in economic growth towards
consistent direction to the reality; form mechanism to mobilize investment capital for
protection of natural resources and environment; ensure budget expenditure rate for
environmental career and development investment expenditures for public ecological
environment protection increasing along with GDP; review ODA capital, credit capital
granted for the socialization of economic growth associated with ecological
environment protection.
4.2.4. Strengthening the learning, international communication and
cooperation on ecological environment protection associated with economic
growth
State needs to establish and maintain traditional cooperative relationships, to be
more active in research activities, and signing and committing to fully implement the
international conventions, international protocol on the protection ecological
environment; expand the cooperation with other countries and international
organizations to attract and efficiently exploit supporting sources in the protection of
ecological environment; have policies to encourage cooperation with other
organizations and individuals around the world to improve the capacity and
effectiveness of environmental protection in the country
4.3. THE SOLUTION GROUP OF ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE
GOVERNMENT IN THE CREATION AGREEMENT OF THE WHOLE

SOCIETY TO IMPLEMENT GOOD COMBINATION OF ECONOMIC
GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
4.3.1. Propagandizing, raising self-awareness, sense of responsibility for
ecological environment protection for population classes
It is necessary for the State to educate ecological environment for every
population classes through national education system and mass media in
Propagandizing, raising self-awareness, sense of responsibility for ecological
environment protection; paying attention to closely combination between education of
awareness with organizations; establishing electronic information portal, hotlines in
many locations so that people can provide, acquire the necessary information with the
view to constructing and strengthening viewpoints and policies of the Party and the
State on the combination between economic growth with ecological environment
protection, etc.
4.3.2. Improving the social responsibility of enterprises in the combination
between economic growth with ecological enviroment protection
Strengthening to propagate obligations and benefits of compliance with their
responsibilities to enterprises; clear determination responsibilities of the State and
responsibilities of enterprises in solving violation of law on environment protection;
raising awareness of the relationship between human - ecological environment for
business managers; raising awareness of the relation between manufacture and
customer for enterprises; building a sense of environment protection in the production
and business process for enterprises, etc.
4.3.3. Combination among the State with political – social organizations and
associations in the combination between economic growth with ecological
environment protection
It is necessary to establish mechanisms and policies to further promote role and
responsibilities of political – social organizations and associations in environment
protection such as preference to investment of ecological environment protection;
holding communication sessions, organizing forums with the view to calling for
organizations and associations to invest in works, projects and ecological environment

protection; creating and associating political – social organizations with enterprises and
people to share benefits from ecological environment together and protect the
ecological environment together; improving capacity and access to information for the
organizations and associations in order to they are aware of their role, position, interests
and responsibilities in the ecological environment protection, etc.
CONCLUSION
In the process of economic – social development in general and in the process
of economic growth in particular, many problems concerning natural resources,
environment and ecological environment protect has raised that are obstacles and
challenges of the development process. If we overcome the obstacles and
challenges, connect the economic growth with environment protection, our nation
will reach a state of sustainable development.
However, this process is long-term and full of hardships, requiring efforts of
everyone at every authorities in every sectors, from central levels to local ones; at
first, the State play the most important role in the combination between economic
growth with ecological environment protection. The role of state is expressed
through capacity of management and control of behaviors of individuals and
organizations in economic activities with the aiming of protecting and recovering
the ecological environment.
In terms of methodology, it is possible to assess role of the State in
combination between economic growths with ecological environment protection in
many different aspects. Within this thesis, we only assess roles of the State in the
combination between economic growth with ecological environment protection in
four following contents namely role of the State in establishing legal system,
policies, strategies on the combination between economic growth with ecological
environment protection; role of the State in performing the combination between
economic growth with ecological environment protection; role of the State in
inspecting, surveying and supervising to implement the combination between
economic growth with ecological environment protection; role of the State in
creating the social consensus to implement the combination between economic

growth with ecological environment protection.
The role of the State of Vietnam in the combination between economic
growth with ecological environment protection in four said contents is assessed in
details; since promoting industrialization and modernization of the country, the
State has been making a lot of effort in setting forth policies, strategies and law;
the State also organized and created the social consensus on the combination
between economic growth with ecological environment protection. In a specific
term, the State has affirmed its important role in the following contents. Apart from
obtained achievements, there are many shortcomings in solving the relation
between economic growth with ecological environment protection of the State,
such as many legal documentations have many unfixed gaps, contents of some
policies and strategies are overlapped together, and the inspection, survey and
supervision of implementation of the combination between economic growth with
ecological environment protection exist many mistakes that does not meet practical
requirements.
In order to overcome this situation, it is necessary to combine many solutions.
This thesis is mentioned only three solution namely solutions to improve efficiency of
construction and completion of legal system, policies and strategies on combination
between economic growth with ecological environment protection; solutions to
improve role and efficiency of management and operation of the State structures in
the combination between economic growth with ecological environment protection;
solutions to improve role in creating the social consensus to effectively solve relations
of the combination between economic growth with ecological environment
protection. These solutions play a key role in the sustainable development of our
country nowadays and in the future.
The role of the State in the combination between economic growths with ecological
environment protection is diverse and complex. The problems researched in this
dissertation is just the first step; in fact, many others are needed to further research,
interpret and clarify such as the role of the State in construction of production forces to
ensure the close combination between economic growth with ecological environment

protection; role of the State in strengthening production relations to ensure the
combination between economic growth with ecological environment protection; and role
of the State in the combination between economic growth with ecological environment
protection in international economic integration.
A. Researches published in magazines:
1. Nguyen Truong Khang– Nguyen Thi Khuong (co-author) (2010),
“Educating awareness of sustainable ecological environment development for
teachers”, Educational Magazine, (Vol. 238), p.57- 63.
2. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2010), "Educating awareness of sustainable
ecological environment development for students at College of Education- Thai
Nguyen University", Science and Technology Magazine – Thai Nguyen University,
(Vol. 6), p.8- 11.
3. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2011), "Management role of the State in development of
Socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam nowadays", Science and Technology
Magazine – Thai Nguyen University, (Vol. 4), p.87- 90.
4. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2011), “College of Education– Thai Nguyen
University and education of environmental ethics for students", Educational
Magazine, (Vol. 9), p.60 - 62.
5. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2012), "Inevitability of the combination of economic
growth and ecological environment protection in Vietnam nowadays", Theoretical
educational magazine, (Vol 188), p. 69.71
6. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2012), "Combination between economic growth with
ecological environment protection for sustainable development: theoretical and
practical problems in Vietnam currently", Science and Technology Magazine –
Thai Nguyen University, (Vol. 12), p. 71-74.
7. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2013), "Some fundamental solutions in order to
improve the role of the State in the combination between economic growth with
ecological environment protection in Vietnam today", Theoretical educational
magazine, (Vol 207), p. 49-52.
B. Projects consisted in scientific research, summary cord of science

conference:
1. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2011), Leader: “The relationship between economic
growth with natural environment protection in the Northeastern mountainous
provinces in the time of industrialization and modernization”, scientific research
grant Thai Nguyen University
2. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2011), Summary record of science conference:
“Environmental ethics and the role of Schools of Education in educating
Environmental ethics for the youth generation”, Vietnam National University of
Education Publishing House, p. 411-415.
3. Nguyen Thi Khuong (2013), “Conception of Karl Marx and Engels of
relation of human and nature in their works”, Summary record of science
conference at College of Education – Thai Nguyen University, p.85- 88.