tên đề tài phân tích nét nghĩa tiểu từ của động từ cụm ít mang tính thành ngữ trong tiếng anh và đối chiếu với nghĩa tiếng việt tương đương

EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING BOARD OF BINH DINH
LE QUY DON HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIFTED STUDENTS



ANALYSING THE MEANING SHADES OF
PARTICLE IN NON-IDIOMATIC PHRASAL
VERBS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE
EQUIVALENTS
(Initiative)

By: Võ Thị Thanh Điệp

Academic year: 2010 - 2011

1


TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1. General
2. Aims of the study
3. Scope of the study
4. Methods of study
5. Design of the study
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
PART ONE: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
I. Phrasal verbs in English
II. Particles
III. Prepositional particles and adverbial particles
1. Prepositional particles

1.1. Definition
1.2. Position
2. Adverbial particles
2. 1. Definition
2.2. Position
PART TWO: ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN NONIDIOMATICS PHRASAL VERBS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS.
1. About
2. After
3. Against
4. At
5. Away
6. Back
7. Before
8. Down
9. Forward
10. In
11. Into
12. Off
13. On
14. Out
15. Over
16. Out of
17. Up
PART THREE:
1. Some suggested exercises
2. Data Analysis
CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION

2

INTRODUCTION
1. General
We assume that the student who learns a foreign language will find some of its
features quite easy and others extremely difficult. Those elements that are similar to his
native language will be simple for him and those elements that are different from it will be
difficult.
Obviously, verbs plays a very important role in a sentence in English because it is
one of the main components of a sentence. English has a great number of verbs, for
example to put, to see … which are called single-word verbs. Besides them, we can find
many verbs with a combination between a verb and a particular which makes up a new
meaning. They are called multi-word verbs or phrasal verbs, for example, to look at, come
in. Phrasal verbs are an extremely important feature of English. They are used widely in
conversation and informal written English, including many newspaper and magazine
articles to express ideas in a vivid and homely way. As a matter of fact, phrasal verbs are
an indispensable tool to speaking English naturally.
However, a foreign leaner who is not aware of the most common phrasal verbs is
likely to have considerable difficulty in everyday spoken English. And someone who is
unable to use phrasal verbs appropriately in speech will tend to sound stiff and formal to
an English listeners.
There are a variety of reasons why learners of English might find phrasal verbs a
difficult area to grasp. For one thing, they are so numerous, various i.e. one phrasal verbs
can have a number of meanings. For another thing, the words that make up a phrasal verb
are not very good clues to its meaning; and many phrasal verbs are figuratively used i.e.
their combination turns out to have unpredictable and unexpected meaning. For example,
it is easy enough to understand when the meaning of a two-word verb is equal to the
meaning of the sum of its two separate words. We can understand what “put aside the
table “ means providing we can know the meaning of “put” and “aside”. But sometimes, in
many cases, the knowing of the meaning of separate words is in vain and does not help us
to undestand the meaning of the whole sentence. For example, put up with, as in “Both

teachers and students must put up with many problems.”. In this sentence, nothing seems
to be “put” or “up” or “with”. English learners must learn to attach the meaning “tolerate” to
that unlikely combination of words.
In the teaching process, the teacher has a duty to make his students’ difficulty
become easier. With the ongoing concern, we find it necessary to execute our work in
analyzing the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and constrast
them with their Vietnamese equivalents so that Vietnamese learners can easily remember
and use English phrasal verbs more effectively in their daily conversations.
2. Aims of the study:
The aims of this study – “Analysing the meaning shades of particle in nonidiomatic phrasal verbs with their Vietnamese Equivalents”
- To make statistics and classify English phrasal verbs into non-idiomatic and
non-idiomatic phrasal verbs.
- To find out the meaning shade of particles in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and
contrast them with Vietnamese equivalents. To put forward some suggetsions
for teaching and learning phrasal verbs.
3. Scope of study:
It is diddicult for Vietnamese learners to learn lexical items as “call up” (telephone),
“run out of” (exhaust the supply of). This is because in Vietneamese, there are no lexical
items made up of two separate words like phrasal verbs in English. Furthetmore, they are
so numerous, various and difficult that we are not ambitiousenough to take the particles of
3


all the English verns into consideration, but rather, our scope of investigation is limited to
the particles of common English verbs, including BREAK, BRING, CALL, COME, CUT,
DO, DROP, FALL, GET, GIVE, GO, KEEP, LOOK, MAKE, PUT, RUN, SEE, SET, STAND,
TAKE. The execution of contrastive analysis on typical phrasal verbs mentioned above is
based on the high frequency of occurrence. This can be seen in many current textbooks
and materials for students of intermediate and advanced levels.
With the initial effort, we hope that this study somewhat solves problems that

Vietnamese learners may run into when learning English phrasal verbs.
4. Method of study:
This study carries out a microlinguistic contrastive analysis on the level of syntactic,
semantic and syntactico-semantic structures. Besides, techniques on statistics, on a
systematic analysis are relied on as well. In order to facilitate the process of doing the CA,
and best exploit our knowledge of the English language, we choose our CA as
unidirectional one of Vietnamese (L1) and English (L2), which is based on a description
biased towards the latter (L2) i.e. much more attention is paid to English rather than to
Vietmanese because it is the latter which must be learnt. Another point is the criteria for
comparison or tertium comparatiponis (TC). TC employed in this paper is translationslly
equivalents setence and all the examples used in this study are taken from Oxford
Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs and English-Vietnamese Dictionary.
5. Design of the study:
This study is designed is three parts – introduction, investigation, and conclusion.
The first part is the introduction of the study. The investigation which is the main part of the
study consists of three chapters. Chapter One supplies the general fundamental and
essential theoretical concepts involving the subject under consideration. Chapter Two
analyses the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrasts
them with their Vietnamese equivalents. And Chapter Three offers some suggested
exercises and data analysis on the research. Finally, the Conclusion offers the review of
the study and puts forward some suggestions relating to teaching and learning English
phrasal verbs.

4


CHAPTER ONE: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
I. Phrasal in English
In a narrow definition, according to Richard phrasal verb is a verbal construction
consisting of a verb plus an ADVERB PARTICLE.

But in a broader definition, Seidl claims that phrasal verb is a general term for all
combination of VERB + ADVERBIAL PARTICLE or/ and PREPOSITION.
e.g. slow down
count down
put up with
II. Particles
Particles is defined as a term sometimes used for a word which cannot readily be
identified with any of the main PARTS OF SPEECH.
III. Prepositional particles and adverbial particles
1. Prepositional particles
1.1. Definition
Prepositional particles is a word which shows the relationship between a noun and
a pronoun and another word in the sentence.
e.g. She looked for a pen.
1.2. Position
Preposition particles are usually placed before nouns, pronouns or gerunds
concerned. Very often, prepositional particles follow immediately after verbs.
2. Adverbial particles
2. 1. Definition
According to Healton adverbial particles is a word which is linked to a verb, not to a
noun. Although most adverbial particles have the same forms as their corresponding
prepositional particles, they do not denote a relationship between a noun, a gerund or
pronoun and another word. They function as adverbs and modify the verbs with which they
are associated.
2.2. Position
- Adverbial particles are placed immediately after the verb when the sentence
contains no direct objects.
e.g. Suddenly the whole barrel blew up.
- When a sentence contains a direct object (other than a pronoun), the adverbial
particle may follow either:

(i) immediately after the verb.
e.g. The firemen soon put out the fire.
(ii) immediately after the direct object (especially when the direct object is a noun or
a short noun phrase, and the verb and adverbial particle are separable).

5


CHAPTER TWO:

ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN
NON-IDIOMATIC PHRASAL VERBS

About
(1) conveys the sense of moving here and there.
e.g. He is getting about again after his accident.
Sau tai nạn ông ta đi lại được rồi.
It is dangerous to go about bareheaded in the tropics.
Thật nguy hiểm khi đi đây đó với đầu trần ở vùng nhiệt đới.
“About” with the shade of meaning mentioned above can be formularized as follows:
Table 1
English
Vintrans
adv.par
about
get, go look,
run, stand

Vietnamese
Main V

C
loanh
đi, nhìn, chạy ,
quanh, đây
đứng
đó

(2) denotes the sense of changing direction.
e.g. The ship put slowly about.
Con tàu từ từ đổi hướng.
When the boat is turned from one tack to another, the operation is termed
going about.
Khi con thuyền được xoay đầu từ chiều gió này đến chiều gió khác, được
gọi là đổi hướng.
Table 2
English
Vintrans
go, put

Vietnamese
Main V
đổi hướng

adv.par
about

(3) suggests the general meaning of reporting by way of rumour.
e.g. The news of her resignation soon got about.
Chẳng bao lâu tin bà ta từ chức đã lan truyền đi.
He is always putting about malicious rumours.

Nó ln truyền bá những tin đồn ác.
Table 3
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.par

Main V

about

lan truyền, truyền bá,
đồn đại

(1) get
(2) put

After
(1) denotes the sense of pursuing or following.
e.g. The policeman made after the burglars.
Cảnh sát đã đuổi theo tên trộm.
He goes after every woman he meets.
6


Nó ve vãn tất cả phụ nữ nó gặp.
Table 4
English

V intrans

Vietnamese
prep.part

C

after

come, go, look,
make, run

Main V
đi, trông, đuổi,
rượt

theo
sát

(2) conveys the idea of being in the same manner, character or appearance.
e.g. Your daughter does not take after you at all.
Con gái anh trơng chẳng giống anh tí nào.
Do it after me.
Làm (việc đó) theo tơi.
Table 5
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese
prep.part

(2) monotrans

(1) do

after

(2) take

Main V

C

làm

giống
như

trơng

Against
(1) expresses the sense of being contrary to somebody or something.
e.g. Why have you suddenly taken against her ?
Tại sao bỗng dưng anh lại ghét cô ta ?
Her thinking goes against all logic.
Cách suy nghĩ của nó đi ngược lại vói mọi logic.
Table 6
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese

prep.part

Main V

against

(2) monotrans

đối nghịch, đối đầu

(1) go, take
(2) set

At
(1) expresses the general meaning of aiming at a target.
e.g. He ran at me with a knife.
Nó cầm dao xông vào tôi.
What exactly are you getting at ?
Đúng ra anh nhằm ý gì ?

Table 7
7


English
V intrans

Vietnamese

prep.part

Main V

C

at

xơng, đâm, hàm ý,
mãi mê, giữ, nhìn, tấn
cơng, chạy

vào,
nhằm vào

come, cut, get,
go, keep, look,
make, run

Away
(1) implies the idea of being at a distance.
e.g. Keep away or else I shall call the police.
Tránh xa ra nếu không tôi sẽ gọi cảnh sát.
The little girl is standing away from the barking dog.
Cơ gái nhỏ đứng tránh xa con chó đang sủa.
Table 8
English
Vintrans

adv.par

away

keep, stand

Vietnamese
Main V
C
tránh,
đứng

ra xa

Note
used with verbs
which express
no movement.

(2) conveys the sense of moving to a distance or causing to leave a place.
e.g. We are hoping to get away for a few days at Easter.
Chúng tôi hi vọng sẽ đi nghỉ đâu xa vài ngày vào dịp lễ Phục sinh.
Two chicken curries and rice to take away, please.
Cho mua hai con gà cari và cơm mang về.
Table 9
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.par

(1) come, get,
ro, run

Main V
đi, chạy

away
(2) bring, take

C
xa ra,
xa

mang, lấy

(3) expresses disappearance. loss, or destruction.
e.g. The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain.
Bác sĩ cho cô ấy vài viên thuốc để làm giảm cơn đau.
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
Những người ủng hộ ông ta bớt đi khi danh tiếng ơng ta khơng cịn.

Table 10
8


English
Vintrans
(1) fall

adv.par

Vietnamese
Main V
mất, giảm

away
(2) cut, take

C
đi

bớt

(4) expresses a different direction.
e.g. The sunlight on the water was so dazzling that I had to look away.
Ánh nắng mặt trời chiếu xuống nước q chói khiến tơi phải nhìn đi hướng
khác.
Table 11
English
Vintrans

adv.par

look

away

Vietnamese
Main V
nhìn

C

hướng khác

Back
(1) suggests the sense of moving away from the front to the rear.
e.g. The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone.
Hai người yêu nhau lùi lại đằng sau để được đi riêng.
The enemy fell back as our troops advanced.
Quân địch rút lui khi quân ta tiến lên.
Table 12
English
Vintrans

Vietnamese
adv.par

C

back

come, drop,
fall, let, go,
keep, stand

Main V
lùi, rơi, rút, di,
chuyển, giữ, đứng

về phía sau

(2) expresses a movement to an original position or state.
e.g
The colour is coming back to her cheek.
Sắc da hồng hào hào trở lại trên đôi má cô.
Please put the dictionary back on the shelf when you have finished it.
Đề nghị khi dùng xong để cuốn từ điển về chỗ cũ trên giá.
Table 13
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

(1) call, come,
get, go, run,
see
(2) bring, call,

Vietnamese
adv.par

back

Main V
gọi, về chạy, xem

C
lại (về tình
trạng, nơi
chốn cũ)

mang, gọi, lấy, trả
9


get, give, put,
take

đặt

(3) denotes a reverse direction.
e.g
My watch is fast, it needs putting back five minutes.
Đồng hồ của tôi chạy nhanh, cần phải vặn lùi năm phút.
Run the record back.
Quay ngược cuốn băng lại.
Table 14
English
V monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.par

C

back

put, run

Main V

vặn, quay

ngược lại

(4) conveys the sense of restraining, hindering the progress of something.
e.g
Financial problems have set back our building programme.
Những khó khăn về tài chính đã cản trở chương trình xây dựng của chúng
tôi.
She was unable to keep back her tears.
Cô ấy không thể cầm được nước mắt.
Table 15
English
Vintrans

Vietnamese
adv.par
back

keep, put, set

Main V
ngăn cản, trì hỗn

Before
(1) suggests the meaning of appearing or being presented for consideration, disscussion.
e.g. The case comes before the court next week.
Vụ kiện được đưa ra trước tòa tuần tới
He will bring matters before the party meeting.
Ông ta sẽ đưa vấn đề ra trước cuộc họp Đảng để thỏa luận.

Table 16
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese

prep.part

Main V

before

nêu ra, đưa ra

(1) come, go
(2) bring, put,
take

Down
10


(1) conveys the sense of moving from a higher to a lower position, state or causing to be in
a lower position.
e.g
Bits of the steel scaffolding fell down and narrowly missed a couple of
bystanders.
Một vài dàn giáo rơi xuống suýt trúng những người đứng cạnh đó.
The bus stopped to set down an old lady.

Chiếc xe buýt dừng lại để cho một bà lão xuống.
Table 17
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.par

(1)come, fall,
get, go, look

Main V

C

di chuyển, rơi, đi,
nhìn

(2) break,
bring, cut, get,
keep, put,
take

down

xuống
phá, mang, cắt, đưa,
giữ, đặt, lấy

(2) implies the general meaning of putting in writing (for the purpose of remembering or of
keepiong a record).
e.g
Did you get his telephone number down?
Anh đã ghi lại số điện thoại của anh ta chưa?
The reporters took down the speech.
Các phóng viên ghi lại bài diễn văn.
Table 18
English
V monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part
down

get, go, put,
set, take

Main V
ghi chép, ghi lại

(3) denotes a sense of lessening, reducing in size, strength, intensity or energy, spirit.
e.g
My car battery has run down, it needs recharging.
Ắc quy ô tô của tôi hết điện, cần phải nạp ngay.
The wet weather is getting me down.
Thịi tiết ẩm ướt làm tơi nản lịng.
Table 19
English
V (1) intrans

(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

down

giảm, hỏng, mất (kích thước, sức
mạnh, cường độ, năng lực, tinh
thần)

(1) break, fall,
run
(2) cut, get,
put

(4) expresses the general meaning of restraining. controlling.
11


e.g

Use the chemnicals to keep pest down.
Dùng hoá chất để kìm hãm sự phát triển của sâu bọ.
The military junta is determined to put down all political opposition.
Tập đoàn quân sự kiên quyết dập tắt mọi sự chống đối chính trị.

Table 20

English
V monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part
down

beak, keep,
put

Main V
đập tan, kìm hãm, dập tắt

Forward
(1) suggets the general meaming of moving towards the front or causing to move forwards.
e.g. He ran forward to greer his old friend.
Ơng ấy chạy đến đón ơng bạn già của mình.
The captain of the winning team was called forward to receive the cup.
Thủ quân của đội thắng cuộc được gọi lên phía trước để nhận cúp.
Table 21
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(1) come, get,
go, run, set
(2) bring, call,

put, set, take

Main V

C

đến, đi, chạy,
khởi hành
forward

về phía trước
mang, gọi, đặt,
vặn, nhấc

(2) conveys the sense of proposal or recommendation.
e.g. The matter will come forward at our next section.
Vấn đề được đưa ra vào cuộc họp sau
The Prime Minister set forward the aims of his government in a television
Broadcasts.
Ông thủ tướng nêu ra những mục tiêu của chính phủ trên chương trình
truyền hình
Table 22
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

adv.part

Vietnamese
Main V

(1) come
(2) bring, put,
set

forward

đưa ra, đề xuất, tiến cử

12


In
(1) signifies the síne of moving inwards.
e.g. Burglars had broken in while we were away on lholiday.
Kẻ trộm đột nhập vào nhà khi chúng tôi đi nghỉ xa
If you are writing to your mother, don’t forget to put in something about her
coming to stay.
Nếu anh viết thư cho mẹ anh, chớ qn viết thêm vào cái gì đó vè chuyện bà
âý đến chơi.
Table 23
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(2) monotrans

(1) break, go,

put
in
(2) put, take

Main V

C

đột nhập,
bước, xen

vào

đặt , hấp thụ

Into
(1) conveys the idea of entering or joining.
e.g
When fif Britain go into Europe ?
Nước Anh gia nhập vào châu Âu khi nào ?
The project is running into financial difficulties.
Đề án đang lâm vào những khó khăn về tài chính.
Table 24
English
V intrans

Vietnamese
prep.part

Main V

into

đột nhập,
xen, tạt, rơi,
đi, mắc

break, cut,
drop, fall, get,
go, run

C
vào

(2) implies the meaning of examining or considering something carefully.
e.g. I do not want to go into the minor details now.
Tôi không muốn đi sâu vào những chi tiết nhỏ nhặt lúc này.
Police are looking into the disappearance of a quantity of gems.
Cảnh sát đang điều tra sự biến mất một số lượng lớn đá quý.
Table 25
English
V intrans
go, look

Vietnamese

prep.part

Main V

into

xem xét, điều tra

(3) suggests the meaning of a change of condition.
e.g. We are making our attic into an extra bedroom.
13


Chúng tơi sẽ biến gác xép của mình thành một buồng ngủ phụ.
Cut this paper into one-inch strips and then I shall explain how the game is
played.
Hãy cắt mảnh giấy này thành những mẩu nhỏ một inch và rồi tôi sẽ giải thích
trị chơi được tiến hành như thế nào.
Table 26
English
V intrans

Vietnamese
prep.part

Main V

C

into

cắt, làm

thành

cut, make

Off
(1) denotes the idea of being separated or detachment.
e.g. The door handle gas broken off.
Tay nắm cửa bị long ra.
He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll.
Anh ấy cắt một mét vải từ súc vải ra.
Table 27
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(1) break,
come, drop,
fall

Main V

C

bong, rơi
off

(2) bring,
break, cut,

get, keep,
see, take

mang, bẻ, cắt,
lấy, tránh, thấy,
nhấc (loại)

rời ra,
khỏi

(2) expresses the general meaning of dismounting or causing to get down.
e.g. They were getting off at the stop near the Luxembourg Gardens.
Họ bước xuống ở trạm xe buýt mới gần vườn Luxembourg.
I ask the bus driver to put me off near the town centre.
Tôi đề nghị người lái xe buýt cho tôi xuống gần trung tâm thành phố.
Table 28
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(1) fall, get
(2) put

Main V

C

té, đi
off

xuống
đưa, đặt

14


(3) conveys the sense of departing, leaving ot causing to start.
e.g. The thieves made off in a stolen car.
Những tên ăn trộm chuồn bằng chiếc ô tô đánh cắp
Don’t set him off talking politics or he will go all evening.
Đừng có khơi mào cho nó nói đến chính trị kẻo nó sẽ tiếp tục suốt cả buổi
sáng.
Table 29
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese

(1) get, go,
make, put,
set, take

adv.part

Main V

off

(2) monotrans

khởi hành, rời, làm
(ai) bắt đầu

(2) set
(4) expresses the general meaning of no function (being disconnected or cancelling).
e.g. The heating goes off at night.
Ban đêm lò sưởi ngừng hoạt động.
They have called off theit engagenment.
Họ đã hủy bỏ lời hôn ước.
Table 30
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

off

(2) monotrans

ngừng (hoạt động),
tắt, hủy

(1) break, go
(2) call, put

(5) implies the sense of removing clothes, hats,…
e.g. Get off your hat when you are indoors.
Hãy bỏ mũ ra khi bạn vào nhà
Your coat is very dirty; take it off.
Áo khoác của con quá bẩn, hãy cởi nó ra.
Table 31
English
V monotrans
get, take

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

off

cởi ra

(6) conveys the sense of exploding or causing to explede.
e.g. The bomb went off in a crowede street.
Quả bom nổ tung giữa môt phố đông người.
The slightest spark could set the fireworks off.
Một tập tia lửa nhỏ cũng có thể làm cho những quả pháo này nổ tung.

15


Table 32

English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

off

(2) monotrans

(làm) nổ tung

(1) go
(2) set

On
(1) suggests the continuation of an activity.
e.g. How much longer will this hot weather go on?
Thời tiết nóng nực này cịn tiếp tục bao nhiêu lâu nữa?
She does run on so !
Cô ta cứ thế chạy mãi.
Table 33
English
V

intrans

Vietnamese

adv.part

come, get, go,
keep, run

Op.

Main V

on

vẫn, cứ, còn,
mãi

tiếp tục,
đi, chạy

(2) expresses the general meaning of being connected or functioning.
e.g. Suddenly all the lights went on.
Bỗng nhiên tất cả đèn đều sáng lên.
Do you mind if I put some music on?
Tơi mở nhạc có phiền cho anh không?
Table 34
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

on

(2) monotrans

bật, mở
(hoạt động)

(1) go
(2) put

(3) conveys the sense of wearing clothes.
e.g. I shall just get my things on and we shall go for a short walk.
Tôi chỉ cần mặc quần áo và chúng ta sẽ đi dạo
It is cold outside; put on your coat.
Bên ngồi trời lạnh; hãy mặc áo khốc vào.
Table 35
English
V monotrans
get, put

adv.part

Vietnamese
Main V

on

mang, mặc, đội
16

Out
(1) denotes the general meaning of moving toward the outside or inviting to go out.
e.g. You ought to get out more.
Anh nên đi ra ngoài chơi nhiều hơn.
Put out the dustbin.
Mang thùng rác ra ngoài.
Table 36
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(1) come, drop,
fall, get, go,
run, keep
out
(2) bring, call,
get, fall, put,
take

Main V

C

đi, rút, rơi,
di chuyển,

chạy, tránh

ra ngoài

mang, gọi, dẫn,
đuổi, đặt, đưa

(2) suggests a sudden movement or activity (or used in the spontaneous sense).
e.g. A fire broke out in the warehouse last night.
Ngọn lửa đột ngột phát ra từ nhà kho tối hôm qua
Call out the brigade !
Gọi xe cứu hỏa ngay !
Table 37
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(1) break, look
out
(2) call, get

Main V

C

phát, nhìn

ra ngay
(đột ngột)

gọi, thốt

(3) conveys the sense of making something clear, full or candid.
e.g. The enlargement brings out the details in the photograph.
Phóng đại làm rõ các chi tiết trong ảnh.
What a strange person she is ! I cannot make her out.
Cô ấy thật kỳ quặc ! Tôi không thể hiểu cô ấy tí nào cả.
Table 38
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

out

(làm) lộ ra, làm rõ

(1) get
(2) bring, get,
make

(4) implies the sense of exclusion or removing something.
e.g. Enermy missiles took out two of our flighters.

17


Tên lửa địch đã loại hai máy bay chiến đấu của ta.
Your desk drawer needs doing out.
Ngăn kéo bàn của anh cần phải dọn dẹp đi.
Table 39
English
V monotrans

adv.part

cut, do, drop,
take

out

Vietnamese
Main V
cắt, dọn,
loại

C
bỏ

(5) suggests the meaning of extinguishing or being disconnected.
e.g. Firemen soon put the fire out.
Chẳng bao lâu lính cứu hỏa đã dập tắt được lửa.
Then the last flame of the fire went out.
Và rồi ngọn lửa cuối cùng của đám cháy cũng tắt ngấm.

Table 40
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese

(1) go
(2) put

adv.part

Main V

out

(2) monotrans

tắt, vặn tắt, dập tắt

Over
(1) denotes the meaning of moving or causing to move from one side to another.
e.g. Did he come over to speak to you ?
Thế cậu ấy có (đi) sang nói chuyện với bạn khơng ?
He brought over a bottle of wine.
Cậu ấy mang sang một chai rượu.
Table 41
English
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(1) come, get,
go, run

Main V
đi, vượt,
chạy

over
(2) bring, call,
put, make

mang, gọi,
đặt, lấy

C
sang
(từ bên này
sang bên kia)

(2) denotes the sense of falling from an upright vertical position or to lean from this positon.
e.g. This toddler fell over and hit his head on the leg of a chair.
Đứa bé mới châph chững té ngã và đập đầu vào chân ghế
This priceless vase dropped over and broken.
Chiếc bình vơ giá ngã và vỡ tan.

18

Table 42
English
V intrans

Vietnamese
adv.part
over

drop, fall, go

Main V
rơi, té, ngã

Note that sometimes there is very little distinction between the use of over and
down in this context. However, over is more often used of people, boats, vehicles, and
when referring to smaller standing objects e.g. vases, chairs, small trees.
(3) conveys the idea of transfer.
e.g. The ship has been sold. The new owners take it over tomorrow.
Con tàu đã được bán. Chủ mới sẽ tiếp nhận nó ngày mai
The man told his son “I intend to make over all my shares in the company to
you”.
Người đàn ơng bảo con trai mình “ Cha dự định sẽ chuyển hết cổ phần của
cha ở công ty cho con.”
Table 43
English

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

over

V monotrans
get, make,
put, take

bàn giao, tiếp nhận

(4) conveys the idea of overcoming an obstacle or illness.
e.g. How ded the cattle arrange to get over the fence ?
Làm thế nào mà bầy gia súc có thể vượt qua hàng rào được nhỉ ?
He has never got over the shock of losing his wife.
Ông ấy chẳng bao giờ gắng gượng lại được sau cơn sốc bị mất vợ,
Table 44
English
V intrans
get

Vietnamese

prep.part

Main V

over

Vượt qua, khắc phục

(5) implies the general meaning of inspecting something with a view to renting or buying it.
e.g. I should need to see over the house before I can make you an offer.
Tôi cần phải xem xét kỹ lưỡng nhơi nhà trước khi tơi có thể trả giá với ộng.
The prospective buyers went over the property pretty thoroughly but made
no comment except to thank the agent for her trouble.
Nhũng người có khả năng mua đã xem kỹ tài sản một cách khá cẩn thận
nhưng không đưa ra ý kiến gì ngồi trừ cảm ơn cơ nhân viên vì đã nhọc
lòng.

19


Table 45
English
V intrans

Vietnamese
prep.part

go, look, see

Main V

C

over

xem

kỹ lưỡng

Out of
(1) signifies a movement outwards.
e.g. Since his defeat, he gas dropped out of his politics.
Sau khi thất bại ông ta dã rút lui khỏi hoạt động chính trị.
Take your hands out of your pockets.
Hãy bỏ hai tay trong túi ra.
Table 46

V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans

(1) break,
come, drop,
go, run

English
Adv + prep
part

out of

(2) run, take

Vietnamese
Main V
thoát, đi, rút,
chạy

C

ra khỏi

đuổi, lấy

(2) implies the sense of managing to avoid or preventing somebody from getting involved
in something.
e.g. Her sons were experts at getting out of hard work.
Các con trai của bà ta là chuyên gia né tránh công việc nặng nhọc.
She was done out of her promotion.
Cô ta bị ngăn cản không được đề bạt.
Table 47
English
Adv + prep
V (1) intrans
(2) monotrans
part
(1) get, keep

Vietnamese
Main V
ttránh

out of
(2) do, keep

C
khỏi

ngăn cản

Up
(1) implies the sense of moving or causing to move upwards.
e.g. The class got up when the teacher came in.
Cả lớp đứng lên khi thầy giáo bước váo lớp
Run up a flag on the mast.
Kéo cờ lên cột cờ.
20


Table 48
English
V (1) intrans

Vietnamese
adv.part

(2) monotrans

(1) get, go,
look

Main V

C

đứng, đi,
nhìn
up

(2) bring, put,
run, set, take

lên
mang, treo, kéo,
dựng, nhấc

(2) expresses the continuous aspect of the verb; maintaining something at the same,
usually at a higher level (e.g. spirit, srength).
e.g. A hot drink will soon set you up.
Một thức uống nóng sẽ mau làm anh khỏe ra.
The enermy kept up their bombardment day and night.
Quân dịch duy trì sự oanh tạc của chúng cả ngày lẫn đêm.
Table 49
English

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

up

V monotrans
get, make,
put, take

bàn giao, tiếp nhận

(3) conveys the idea of establishing or creating something.

e.g. The government have set up a working party to look into the problem of drug
abuse.
Chính phủ đã lập một nhóm làm việc để nghiên cứu vấn đề nghiện ma túy.
Animal bodies are made up of cells.
Cơ thể động vật được cấu tạo nên bởi các tế bào.
Table 50
English
V

monotrans

make, set

Vietnamese
adv.part

Main V

up

thành lập, tạo nên

21


CHAPTER THREE: SOME SUGGESTED EXCERCISES
1. TO BRING
1. Three minutes could ……………. ……………. this transformation.
2. We are trying to …………….……………. one or two promising young swimmers.
3. You can ……………. a friend ……………. to the party if you like.

4. Do ……………. your wife …………….one evening!
5. At first, Dad wasn’t too keen to let us have the flat for our party, but we manage to
……………. him ……………. eventually.
6. If you borrow my electric drill, don’t forget to ……………. it ……………..
7. The river smell ……………. ……………. a night some years before.
8. He’ll ……………. matters ……………. the party meeting
9. We managed to ……………. …………….one or two of the herd, even though they were
moving fast.
10. Our second meeting ……………. …………….very few new ideas.
2. TO COME
1. It’s not a good idea to ……….. ……….. a man ……….. his wife.
2. The film doesn’t ……….. ……….. .
3. Does this knock ……….. ………..? No, it’s fixed on permanently.
4. I ……….. ……….. an old friend in Oxford street this morning.
5. The camera just ……….. ……….. the just time I used it.
6. We’d love to ……….. ……….. to your place tonight, but I’m afraid we’re a bit tied up with
work at the moment.
7. Two men ……….. ……….. him from the side of the steps.
8. I moved my car out of the way so that a heavy lorry could ……….. ………
9. Jobs are harder to ……….. ……….. more than when I left university.
10. Mary and two of her children ……….. ……….. ……….. typhus.
3. TO TAKE
1. The magician’s trick ………… ………… everyone in the audience.
2. You need to keep fit. Why don’t you ………… ………… jogging.
3. Our new boss was so pleasant that everyone ………… ………… her at once.
4. If you ask David for help, he always want to ………… …………completely.
5. We had to check in at 3 a.m., but the plane didn’t ………… ………… till 7.
6. I find that my work has ………… ………… so much of my time that I don’t have any free
time.
7. There was simply too much information, I couldn’t ………… it all ………….

8. If you take ………… 6 ………… ………… 21, the answer is 15.
9. His grandfather and father were lazy too. I think he ………… ………… both of them.
10. I wish I could ………… ………… what I said to her.
4. TO RUN
1. The lease on their London flat ……………… ……………… in a few months.
2. Two children were ……………… ……………… at that road junction last month.
3. Don’t fill the kettle too full. It’ll ……………… ……………….
4. The money inherited from his father was quickly ……………… ……………….
5. I shouldn’t wash those shirts in the same water, or else the colours will ………………
……………….
22


6. A big fellow ……………… ……………… me with a knife.
7. Holidays abroad ……………… ……………… ……………… a lot of electricity.
8. He lost control of his car and ……………… it ……………… a lamp-post.
9. Her mother had left her husband and ……………… ……………… ……………… a
Captain Chistie.
10. I think I’ve grasped the main proposals, but would you mind ………………
……………… them once again?
5. TO MAKE
1. The entertainers ………… their stories ………… as they go along.
2. It takes the actor more than an hour to ………… ………… for the part of “Othello”.
3. “You are ………… ………… ………… me” she said in a low voice.
4. “The American family is ………… ………… …………hopelessly lonesome people” says
he.
5. The doctor writes out a prescription and you get it ………… ………… at the chemist’s.
6. My face is a bit thinner, but the rest of me is rapidly ………… ………… ………… that.
7. The letter was probably from one of the patient with whom she had ………… …………
in the hospital.

8. The trees were felled to ………… ………… ………… a road improvement scheme.
9. He ………… ………… the Western Highway by a short cut through suburban roads I did
not know.
10. I can never ………… ………… ………… a word he says.
6. TO GET
1. The weather’s really ………… me ………….
2. It’s time you ………… ………… some work.
3. The rumour soon ………… ………… the whole village.
4. I can’t ………… ………… the book I’m reading.
5. She can’t ………… ………… these shoes. They are too small.
6. I hope the enquiry will ………… ………… the truth.
7. He ………… ………… his mother’s salary in just one week.
8. She is ………… ………… so well.
9. I can’t ………… ………… a thing like that happening to him.
10. We’d better ………… ………… the lake before the storm breaks, or we’ll get soaked.
7. TO SET
1. The bank helps people wanting to ………… ………… business.
2. He ………… ………… to climb Everest.
3. We try to ………… ………… some money for our holiday every week.
4. They have recently ………… ………… a committee on teenage smoking.
5. If we hadn’t ………… ………… so late, we would have arrived on time.
6. I must ………… ………… my packing.
7. What time are you planning to ………… ………… tomorrow?
8. I try to ………… ………… a few minutes each day to do some exercises.
9. Panic on the stock market ………… ………… a wave of selling.
10. I must get those bulbs planted before the cold weather ………… ………….

23

DATA ANALYSIS
The survey was conducted to make a comparison of the test results of students
before and after gaspsing the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs
and their Vietnamese equivalents. The object of the survey was students specilizing in
English of Grade 12 at Le Quy Don High School with the total of 24.
During the process of learning, students are taught to understand the meanings of
particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrast them with their native language. By
doing so, they find it easy to remember the meaning of phrasal verbs and do their
exercises without difficulties.
Before learning meaning shades

After learning meaning shades

students

percentage

students

percentage

14

58.33%

20

83.33%

In reality, phrasal verbs are a grammatical point that occurs with high frequency in

National Examinations for Excellent Students and often occupies a great proportion of
marks. With all the experience and effort, the researcher have tried to provide students
with some knowledge of the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and
find themselves a way to remember their meanings so that they can improve their dealing
with this grammatical points in their exam papers.

24


CONCLUSION
In fact, verbs in English instruct students in an aspectof English that is especially
difficult for learners of English as a second language. However, phrasal verbs add a great
deal to the force, colour and the flexibility of the English language. Therefore, learners
should have a greater understanding of English phrasal verbs and their user. It is for this
reason that our effort are made.
Phrasal verbs are one of the peculiar features of English so it is conventionally
thought that Vietnamese learners can garsp them only by learning by heart. However,
semantically, they can be classified into two groups: idiomatic phrasal verbs anh nonidiomatic phrasal verbs. Vietnamese learners, to some extent, are able to guess the
meanings of non-idiomatic English phrasal verbs via a constrastive nanalysis with the
Vietnamese language provided that the shade of meaning of each particle has to be
mastered.
To sum up, realizing English phrasal verbs into types : idiomatic and non-idiomatic
phrasal verbs, is of great importance in the process of teaching and learning phrasal
verbs. From it, learners can find out their own effective learning strategy of phrasal verbs.
And obviosly, learners who have a grearter understanding of twenty common English
phrasal verbs in this paper should be more easily to understand new phrasal verbs when
they meet them.

25