Các cấu trúc thông dụng Tiếng Anh

SENTENCE BUILDING / WRITING
MODEL 1:
TOO + ADJ + (for smb)+ to-INFINITIVE
 … - SO + ADJ + THAT …
… - SUCH (A/AN) ADJ + N + THAt
Example :
- The box is too heavy for a child to carry.
- The box is so heavy that the child can’t carry it.
- It is such a heavy box that the child can’t carry it.

MODEL 2:
TOO + ADJ + … to – INFINITIVE
 NOT + ADJ + ENOUGH + (for smb)
+ to – INFINITIVE
Example :
- He is too young to understand the question.
- He is not old enough to understand the
question.
- The book is too difficult for the child to read .
- The book is not easy enough for the child to
read.
- The child is not good/mature enough to read the
book.

MODEL 3:
ADJ + ENOUGH + (for )+ to INFINITIVE… –
 SO + ADJ + THAT … … …
SUCH (A/AN) ADJ + N + THAT .… …
Example :
- The sea water is warm enough for us to

have a swim.
- The sea water is so warm that we can
have a swim.
- It is such warm sea water that we can
have a swim.

MODEL 4 :
… SO + ADJ + THAT
 SUCH (A/AN/ ADJ ) + N + THAT
Example :
a. - The film was so good that I saw it three
times.
- It was such a good film that I saw it
three times.
b. - It is such a poor book that nobody
reads it.
- The book is so poor that nobody reads
it.

MODEL 5 :
… SO + ADJ + THAT … …
… SUCH (A/AN) ADJ + N + THAT ….
 TOO + ADJ + FOR … to - INFINITIVE
ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR … to - INFINITIVE
Example :
a. - This blouse is so small that she can’t wear it.
- This blouse
is too small for her to wear.
b.

- It was such an interesting film that we
watched it many times.
The film was interesting enough for us to watch
many times.

MODEL 6 :
… TO - INFINITIVE + BE + ADJ
 - IT + BE + ADJ + TO - INFINITIVE
- IT + BE + ADJ + GERUND
- HOW + ADJ + (IT + BE ) + TO - INFINITIVE
Example :
- To smoke cigarettes is dangerous.
- It is dangerous to smoke cigarettes .
- It is dangerous smoking cigarettes .
- How dangerous (it is ) to smoke cigarettes.

MODEL 7 :
… TO - INFINITIVE + BE + ADJ/ NOUN
 S + V (think,find, )+ IT + ADJ/N + TO -
INFINITIVE
Example :
a) – To know foreign languages is important.
- I find it important to know foreign languages .
b) – To be punctual is a good thing.
- I think it a good thing to be punctual.
b) – It’s necessary to practise English every day.
- I think it necessary to practise English every
day.

MODEL 8 :

S + V (Present Perfect) …. FOR (time)
 IT IS + time ……… + SINCE … + V (past)
Example :
a) – Tom and Mary have been married for
five years.
- It is five years since Tom and Mary got
married
- Tom and Mary got married 5 years ago/ since
2001.
b) – I haven’t visited him for a year .
- It ‘s one year since I last visited him.

MODEL 9 :
S + HAVE/ HAS NOT + VERB (PP2)
 …. FIRST TIME + S + HAVE/HAS + V (PP2)
Example :
a) – I haven’t seen that film before.
- It is the first time I have seen that film.
b) – I have never been to Phu Quoc before.
- It ‘s the first time I have been to Phu Quoc.

MODEL 10 :
S +HAVE/HAS + NOT + V (P2) …….
SINCE /FOR
 - S + LAST + V (PAST) ….
- The last time + S + V(past)….
Example :
a) – It has not rained here for a fortnight.
- It last rained here a fortnight ago.
> The last time it rained here was a

fortnight ago.

MODEL 11 :
S + VERB (PAST) ……………. AGO
 S + HAVE/HAS been + V-ing + SINCE / FOR
(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
Example :
- He started working for this company a year ago.
- He has been working for this company for a
year.
- He has been working for this company since last
year/ a year ago.

MODEL 12 :
* SUBJ + VERB + Time
 IT TAKES/TOOK (+ OBJ) + TIME + TO - INFINITIVE
Example :
a) – She finished her exercises in 20 minutes.
- It took her 20 minutes to finish her exercises.
b) – He drives to work in half an hour.
- It takes him half an hour to drive to work.

MODEL 13 : PASSIVE FORM
* SUBJ + VERB + OBJ
 S + BE + V (pp) ……. + (BY …….)
Example :
a) – No one has discussed that question .
- That question has
not
been discussed before.

b) – The University is going to open a new course.
- A new course is going to be opened (by the
University).

MODEL 14 :

SO }
}
AS }
NOT + + ADJ/ADV + AS

MORE
ADJ/ADV + ER
ADJ/ADV
THAN
THAN
Example :
a) –Susan isn’t as good at history as Jane.
- Jane is better at history than Susan.
b) –Stone isn’t as hard as iron
- Iron is harder than stone

MODEL 15 :
* S + VERB + NOT + S + v + noT … EITHER
 NEITHER ……. NOR ………
Example :
a) - My husband doesn’t drink a lot. He
doesn’t smoke a lot either.
- My husband neither drink nor smoke a lot.
b) - I don’t like tea. I don’t like coffee either.

- I like neither tea nor coffee.

MODEL 16 :
* WH- QUESTIONS  INDIRECT QUESTION
 S + ASKED + (OBJ) + QUESTION WORD + S + V
Example :
a) – T©m asked me “
What
is her name?”
- T©m asked me
what
her name was.
a) – “
Why
don’t you close the door, Nam?” said
T©m.
- T©m asked Nam
why
he didn’t close the door.

MODEL 17 :
* ADJ  VERB
•
It isn’t necessary to finish work
today.
•
You don’t have to finish work today.

•
You don’t need to finish work today.

MODEL 18 :
* VERB  NOUN
•
Music interests her greatly.
•
She has a great interest in music.
•
( She is very/greatly interested in music).

MODEL 19 :
because } because of }
as } + Clause  } NOUN / GERUND
Since } due to }
Example :
a) Because it rained, we postponed the football match.
- Because of the rain, we postponed the football match.
b) As he has behaved badly, he must be punished.
- Because of his bad behaviour, he must be punished.
c) Since I can t swim, I have to stay on the shore.’
- Because of my inability to swim, I have to saty on the shore.

MODEL 20 :
* S + Had + NO SOONER+ PP2 + OBJ + Than }… 
NO SOONER+HAD + S + PP2 + OBJ + Than
* S + Had + hardly+ PP2 + when } 
hardly +HAD + S + PP2 + OBJ + + when
Example :
a) We had no sooner reached home than it started to rain
-No sooner had we reached home than it started to rain.

b) They had hardly finished their test when the bell rang.
- Hardly had they finished their test when the bell rang.

MODEL 21 :
* S + WISH(ES) + S + SIMPLE PAST ( Present )
* S + WISH(ES) + S + PAST perfect ( Past )
Example :
a) I wish I were a woman.
-
( I am not a woman ).
b) We wish we had been at the party.
-
( We were not at the party ).
c) He wishes he had met her before.
- (He didn t meet her before).’

MODEL 22 :
* S + + V - adv }… 
S + V - ADJ + noun
* S + + V - adv }… 
S + V + with -noun
a) - He speaks English well.
- He speaks good English.
b) – I slept well last night.
- I had a good sleep last night.
c) - She speaks English fluently.
- She speaks English with fluency.

MODEL 23 :
* S }…+ have – something DONE

- Somebody repaired her motorcycle for her.
- She had her motorcycle repaired last week.
- Somebody cut his hair for him yesterday.
- He had his hair cut yesterday

Thank you
for your attention !