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CÁCH SỬ DỤNG VÀ CẤU TẠO ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA CÁC THÌ TIẾNG ANH
Cách sử dụng các thì tiếng Anh
Loại thì Loại hành động diễn tả
Đơn - hành động có tính chất lặp lại
- một sự thật, hoặc tình huống tồn tại trong một khoảng thời
gian
- hành động không mang tính tiếp diễn
Tiếp diễn - những hành động liên tục, tiếp diễn
Hoàn thành
- những hành động không tiếp diễn, hoàn thành trước một
thời gian xác định.
Hoàn thành ti
ếp
diễn
- những hành động liên tục, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành trước một
khoảng thời gian xác định.
Cấu tạo theo chỉ định thức của thể chủ động
Thì Trợ động từ Kiểu động từ
Hiện tại đơn do/does * bare infinitive **
Hiện tại tiếp diễn am/is/are present participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành have/has past participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been present participle
Quá khứ đơn did * bare infinitive ***
Quá khứ tiếp diễn was/were present participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành had past participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn had been present participle
Tương lai đơn will (shall) **** bare infinitive
Tương lai tiếp diễn will (shall) be present participle
Tương lai hoàn thành will (shall) have past participle
Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn will (shall) have been present participle
Cấu tạo theo giả định thức của thế chủ động
Thì Trợ động từ Kiểu động từ
Hiện tại đơn do * bare infinitive
Hiện tại tiếp diễn be present participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành have past participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have been present participle
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Quá khứ đơn did * bare infinitive ***
Quá khứ tiếp diễn were present participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành had past participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn had been present participle
Cấu tạo của chỉ định thức của thể bị động
Thì Trợ động từ Kiểu động từ
Hiện tại đơn am/is/are past participle
Hiện tại tiếp diễn am/is/are being past participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành have/has been past participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been being past participle
Quá khứ đơn was/were past participle
Quá khứ tiếp diễn was/were being past participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành had been past participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn had been being past participle
Tương lai đơn will (shall) **** be past participle
Tương lai tiếp diễn will (shall) be being past participle
Tương lai hoàn thành will (shall) have been past participle
Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn will (shall) have been being
past participle
Cấu tạo của chỉ định thức của thể bị động
Thì Trợ động từ Kiểu động từ
Hiện tại đơn be past participle
Hiện tại tiếp diễn be being past participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành have been past participle
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have been being past participle
Quá khứ đơn were past participle
Quá khứ tiếp diễn were being past participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành had been past participle
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn had been being past participle
* Ở thì Hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn của thể bị động, trợ động từ được
sử dụng chỉ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh, và giúp cấu tạo nên cấu trúc phủ định
và nghi vấn mà thôi. Không sử dụng trợ động từ với thì hiện tại đơn hoặc quá
khứ đơn của động từ to be.
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** Khi được sử dụng không có trợ động từ, chủ ngữ là ngôi 3 số ít của Hiện tại
đơn, trong chỉ định thức của thể bị động thì động từ thêm s ở cuối.
*** Khi được sử dụng không có trợ động từ, động từ được sử dụng ở thì quá
khứ. Với những động từ thường và rất nhiều động từ đặc biệt, động từ quá khứ
và phân từ 2 giống nhau.
**** Các trợ động từ tình thái khác could, may, might, must, should và would
có cách sử dụng động từ giống will và shall.
THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TO SHOW
Quá khứ đơn: showed
Phân từ 2: shown
THỨC CHỈ ĐỊNH
Hiện tại đơn Quá khứ đơn
I show I showed
you show you showed
he shows he showed
she shows she showed
it shows It showed
we show we showed
they show they showed
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành
I am showing I was showing
you are showing you were showing
he is showing he was showing
she is showing she was showing
It is showing it was showing
we are showing we were showing
they are showing they were showing
Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
I have shown I had shown
you have shown you had shown
he has shown he had shown
she has shown she had shown
it has shown it had shown
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we have shown we had shown
they have shown they had shown
Hiện tại hoành thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I have been showing I had been showing
you have been showing you had been showing
he has been showing he had been showing
she has been showing she had been showing
it has been showing it had been showing
we have been showing we had been showing
they have been showing they had been showing
Tương lai đơn Cấu tạo với Would
I will (shall) show I would show
you will show you would show
he will show he would show
she will show she would show
it will show it would show
we will (shall) show we would show
they will show they would show
Tương lai tiếp diễn Cấu tạo tiếp diễn với Would
I will (shall) be showing I would be showing
you will be showing you would be showing
he will be showing he would be showing
she will be showing she would be showing
it will be showing it would be showing
we will (shall) be showing we would be showing
they will be showing they would be showing
Tương lai hoàn thành Cấu tạo hoàn thành với would
I will (shall) have shown I would have shown
you will have shown you would have shown
he will have shown he would have shown
she will have shown she would have shown
it will have shown it would have shown
we will (shall) have shown we would have shown
they will have shown they would have shown
Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn Hoàn thành tiếp diễn với Would
I will (shall) have been showing I would have been showing
you will have been showing you would have been showing
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he will have been showing he would have been showing
she will have been showing she would have been showing
it will have been showing it would have been showing
we will (shall) have been showing we would have been showing
they will have been showing they would have been showing
GIẢ ĐỊNH THỨC
Hiện tại đơn Quá khứ đơn
I show I showed
you show you showed
he show he showed
she show she showed
it show it showed
we show we showed
they show they showed
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
I be showing I were showing
you be showing you were showing
he be showing he were showing
she be showing she were showing
it be showing it were showing
we be showing
we were showing
they be showing they were showing
Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
I have shown I had shown
you have shown you had shown
he have shown he had shown
she have shown she had shown
it have shown it had shown
we have shown
we had shown
they have shown they had shown
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I have been showing I had been showing
you have been showing you had been showing
he have been showing he had been showing
she have been showing she had been showing
It have been showing it had been showing
we have been showing
we had been showing
they have been showing they had been showing
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ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE VÀ THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TO SHOW
CHỈ ĐỊNH THỨC
Hiện tại đơn Hiện tại đơn
I am I am shown
you are you are shown
he is he is shown
she is she is shown
it is it is shown
we are
we are shown
they are they are shown
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Hiện tại tiếp diễn
I am being I am being shown
you are being you are being shown
he is being he is being shown
she is being she is being shown
it is being it is being shown
we are being
we are being shown
they are being they are being shown
Hiện tại hoàn thành Hiện tại hoàn thành
I have been I have been shown
you have been you have been shown
he has been he has been shown
she has been she has been shown
it has been it has been shown
we have been
we have been shown
they have been they have been shown
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
have been being I have been being shown
you have been being you have been being shown
he has been being he has been being shown
she has been being she has been being shown
it has been being it has been being shown
we have been being
we have been being shown
they have been being they have been being shown
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ đơn
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I was I was shown
you were you were shown
he was he was shown
she was she was shown
it was it was shown
we were
we were shown
they were they were shown
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
I was being I was being shown
you were being you were being shown
he was being he was being shown
she was being she was being shown
it was being it was being shown
we were being
we were being shown
they were being they were being shown
Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
I had been I had been shown
you had been you had been shown
he had been he had been shown
she had been she had been shown
it had been it had been shown
we had been
we had been shown
they had been they had been shown
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I had been being I had been being shown
you had been being you had been being shown
he had been being he had been being shown
she had been being she had been being shown
it had been being it had been being shown
we had been being
we had been being shown
they had been being they had been being shown
Tương lai đơn Tương lai đơn
I will (shall) be I will (shall) be shown
you will be you will be shown
he will be he will be shown
she will be she will be shown
it will be it will be shown
we will (shall) be
we will (shall) be shown
they will be they will be shown
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Tương lai tiếp diễn Tương lai tiếp diễn
I will (shall) be being I will (shall) be being shown
you will be being you will be being shown
he will be being he will be being shown
she will be being she will be being shown
it will be being it will be being shown
we will (shall) be being
we will (shall) be being shown
they will be being they will be being shown
Tương lai hoàn thành Tương lai hoàn thành
I will (shall) have been I will (shall) have been shown
you will have been you will have been shown
he will have been he will have been shown
she will have been she will have been shown
it will have been it will have been shown
we will (shall) have been
we will (shall
) have been shown
they will have been they will have been shown
Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I will (shall) have been being I will (shall) have been being shown
you will have been being you will have been being shown
he will have been being he will have been being shown
she will have been being she will have been being shown
It will have been being it will have been being shown
we will (shall) have been being
we will (shall) have been being shown
they will have been being they will have been being shown
GIẢ ĐỊNH THỨC
Hiện tại đơn Hiện tại đơn
I be I be shown
you be you be shown
he be he be shown
she be she be shown
it be it be shown
we be
we be shown
they be they be shown
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Hiện tại tiếp diễn
I be being I be being shown
you be being you be being shown
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he be being he be being shown
she be being she be being shown
it be being it be being shown
we be being
we be being shown
they be being they be being shown
Hiện tại hoàn thành Hiện tại hoàn thành
I have been I have been shown
you have been you have been shown
he have been he have been shown
she have been she have been shown
it have been it have been shown
we have been
we have been shown
they have been they have been shown
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I have been being I have been being shown
you have been being you have been being shown
he have been being he have been being shown
she have been being she have been being shown
it have been being it have been being shown
we have been being
we have been being shown
they have been being they have been being shown
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ đơn
I were I were shown
you were you were shown
he were he were shown
she were she were shown
it were it were shown
we were
we were shown
they were they were shown
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
I were being I were being shown
you were being you were being shown
he were being he were being shown
she were being she were being shown
it were being it were being shown
we were being
we were being shown
they were being they were being shown
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Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
I had been I had been shown
you had been you had been shown
he had been he had been shown
she had been she had been shown
it had been it had been shown
we had been
we had been shown
they had been they had been shown
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I had been being I had been being shown
you had been being you had been being shown
he had been being he had been being shown
she had been being she had been being shown
it had been being it had been being shown
we had been being
we had been being shown
they had been being they had been being shown