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two
dislircr
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issues (onc
migh(
be ,
rhrcshold

issuc, \vhich
vou
should
:rddr€ss
bcforc
analr,zing
thc
mxio
issue)
.
A srarcmenr
thr!
Iisls.
or
othc.wisc
cn)brxces,
No
or morc
dtslinct
caregories (diffcrenr
care8o.irs
ofren
tcnd
dirrcnng
clegrces
o,
suppon
ao rhe
sL?tement)
.

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rhar
mi8hr
be uue
(or
una[uc) gcncrilt],but
fails
ro
accounr
for
significxnr
exceprional
cascs
(look
foa
all_inclusive
words
such
as
orll,, aII,
aod
Drust)
.
A sraremenr
thar
is unclexr
or vaguc
in
some wav
(in

other
words.
lhe st?remeDt,s
,lccur?cy
depends
on
thc
mcaning
of key
tcrms
or
how you
iracrpret
the
sEtcmcnt
as
x whole)
Kcep
rhcsc
panems
in
mird
a5 you
rcacl
ary
cRI
or
GIUAT
lssue
sute-

mcnt.
lf
you
recognize
a
ccrrain parrem
behind
t})e
shrcment,
tl],
ro
'
deveiop
a
pcrspccrivc,
or ticsis.
rh.,r qualifics
rhe
sr^rcfirent
accof(insry.
Srnoruo
AonEemer.n
{AccrnnNce}
oR
DIsaGREEMEM
(RErecroN)
you
don,r
nc
n.,o,.,o."0,,,oo"!f

:?;
;,:ffJ.::"jffi:
:.i
::T"I::51T:J ,
.vou
musr
providc
sound
rcffons
lnd
suppon,rg
cxamplcs
to
iusri6,
such
. sr.ong
ag.cemenr (oi
disa8reemcnr).
and you
must
rt
lcast
acknowlcd8e
a
conrmfv
vic\\,.
,{rlopting
a
Controversial
position

It's
oka), ro
tak€
a conrrovcrsirl
sEnce
on an issue,
bu! avoto
cornrng
across
:ff
ilff
:ff : ilffi
:fi
:T:tr"JJ;,:T.:T:j;;.f
:n.,:fl:
roDs
one way
or thc
orher.
Don,t
wo.ry
thar
lhe
readcr
miv
havc
a
person:rl
vie\r.poinr
thar

diffcrs
srronglyfrom
yours
or
ihar
yourposluon
ma,,
appeat
somcwhat
.ri8hr_wing"
or
"lcft-wing."
cRE rrd
GMAT
ieaOers
are
traintd
to
bc objectivel
Mor€over, gEduare
schools
wclcome
srudcnE
\vho
ere inde_
pcndcnt
tlin_kers
with
dislircr pojn$
of

view.
Ap_".)ealirtg_
to
Moialirt',
Spiiituatify,
or
Jingoism
Avoid
inllammerory
satement5,
and
don't prcach
or
proselltjzc.
Approach
the lssue wriring
ri.sk
as
an
inrcllecrual
excrcrse
i'l wlicb you
disp:rssion_
atcly
cxrmine l?lrous
vicwpoinE.
Do nor
use ir
as a
forum for

strarins
l,orlr |crronrl
bcUcftysrem
It rr pcriccrl),appropriarc
to cr;Ucizc
panicu-
lar
bchaeior, poiicies,
or
vicwpoinrs
as
operaling
rgairst
rhc
bcsr
inrercsr
of
a busincss
or
oI a
socicq,,
Bur
rcfrain
from
c,ther condcnrr.irR
or
cxtouirt
bascd
on
pcrsonrt

moraj
Frounds.
Also rvo;O
ctcmagogucry
(appcrls
ro
prciudicc
or cmotion)
or
jin8oism
(cxcessive
pa6iorism).
brs.perdsot\ com
Pct*soi's I
Vlnng
Skrk
Jor
tbe
GRE/GMAT
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V
lSOdl,\O3.OI MOH
? Tri\ialrzc It
("Explair
lt As'a-Y")
Arguc
rha!
an
:lPParcnr
wc'Lkness of
]our Posnion
(or
strsngth
of
x
diffcrcn!
position)

is tnlirl-
minor' or insiSnificxnt
Thc
css;r\'
for lssuc
2
provides
an ctamPlc
First
thc cssrl
ofJlrs
nvo exrmPlcs
1at lend
apl>atcnt
support
to rhs opPosinS
Posn'on:
Olhcrs
miShl
ailc ai)e
hea\\'mxnufacturin8:rnd
nf,iu
l'tcsourcc
jndustfics,
whcrc lhe
value of l,angible
:rssels-'a\\'
materials
and
cepil,l

equipmenl-xrc
oft€n
the most
si8nificrnt
dcte'minanl
of
Du5rne55
success
Then.
thc
essa)' er?laitrJ
az'd)'lllesc
examplcs:
' . Hov/ever.
such industdes
are diminishjng
in sjSnificince
as
ve
movc
from
an industri:
societl'ro
an iojormatton
age
3"
Appeal
to
Broader
Considerations

r8xc
that
any minor
Problems
piih
your
position secm
trivi'l in
light of
the broad,
and
serjous,
implicatjons
that
th€ lssue
raises
Tbe
essay
for
lssue I
Provides
an
cxamPle
First. $e
cssay
acknowledges
x ccrtain
Problem
Ivith its
Po5inon:

'
.
.
fDlelxys
q?icxll-v
associrted
witb burcaucirtic
re8lrhtion
can
thwa.t the
purPosc
of
thc regulrtions,
because
enviroflmcntal
'
Prcblems
can
quickil'become
8.ave
indeed
Thcn,
the
cssay
points
out
thc
broad
socielal
consider:rtion

tl:rt
Puis
iris
mitot
drawback
in its
proPer
PcrsPective:
' .
lsluch
delays
sccm
trivial
when
\\'e
considct
thar
many
enviJon'
eotil
iroblcmi
car4'no!
onl-\'a
rcal
threat
to
Public
health
but
atso

a
Polcntial
threat
(o
the
veq'survi!'tl of
thc bumffr
sPecies
/,t"
The
'Lesser
of Two
EYiIs"
Method
Argue
I.1aL
an
opposinS
Position
is no suongel,
or
PerhaPs
cveo
s/caker'
in
a ccnaifl
rcspect. The
essay for
Issue I
provides an examplc

Fifs!
the
l
cssa-l
rcknowledgcs
a certain
weakicss in
its
Posttron:
.
IDlehys
l}?icdly
associlted
with
burcaucraric
regdatron
can
-
thqan
t)rc
purPosc of
the relxrladons
bccausc
cnvirotrncntal
problems can
quickly
becomc
Sravc
indced
,

1
.::r
.
Then.
the e55ay
points out an evcn
gleaicr
!/cal(ocss in
thc oPPosiDg
PosiLion:
'
' Hosrever,
givcn thal uniustjfiable
r€liuce
on
voluntecrisdr is
the
onl!
alletutive,
governmcnl rcgulatron
sccms
nccessa'
'
urytu.latc6o6.cont
rerctson
s
t
1vllttnq
Shlusfor
tbe

GPE/GMAT
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f,rJ:If,rds
SuFIJ
'aJuruod(Ill
lunoutejEd
Jo
q
se^llnf,axa
,bl s.,{nBdtrrotr
x
Jo
uolst^
pur
dlusJ.pt
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rrql
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1I{3Ix
.lnos

:)ualx
rnoqrlrr rol'
st
uolllsod Sqsoddo
arp rtqr
srrupr ftsst cq)
:s{d
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ur s5p!^ord
z
lnsq JoJ ,(?ss:
JqI
uollsod mol
lo
s:nl:IA c:oln Jo
,uo
lq
p.aoprqsr.^o
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uolrlsod Sqsoddo
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u.rsual E
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on4l
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JelBaJc,
aqJ,
'5
AVSST lnSSr
9N|UO3S-H9lH
V
SSOdy\OO 01
MOH
Avoid the
Trite
and Hackneyed
Tn'to
avoid
usint bxckncvcd.
overuscd
cxamplcs
Io mJI:c
Your
Poinl
Kccp
in mind:
IIanY GRE
lrd GMAT
lest lakers
will
rel'\'hcavil!
oo
toda]
s
hexdlrnes

and on
histon 5
nlosl illuslnous
xnd nolorious
lisurcs
Hcre
:lrc
somc
nxmcs
rnd cvcnN
rbxt
culrcntl]'(in
tht
vcxr 2002) come
to mino:
.
Osama bin
Lrdcn
or the:rttack
on
the
W-orld
Tfld€
Centcr
.
The Effon
and Atlhuf
Andcrson
accounling
scaodals

.
Recenl American
Prcsidentixl
scandrls
"
AdolDh
Hitler
and drc
Jewisir
Holocrust
.
Bill Gates
and Mrctosofi
s busitess
lmcLice(
Examples such
as thcse
arc
the ali_tooobvious
ones. Try
lo
di8 a bit
deeper, showing
the
rcader
a broadei, more
Iiterate
Pcrspec[ve
Oranl'
Sparingly

on Youi
Personal
Experiences
Unlcss
the specilic
direcdve
xccompanying
thc slatemcnt
inskucts
StriYe
to Be a
othcnwisc,
i!'s
Perfectly
accePtable
lo dra9"
on
your
own
exPenences
at
work, co0cge,
or clscwhete.
llowever,
avoid
rell'in8
too hcavily
on
personal
cxpeience.

Strive
to demonstrate
through
yout essal' a
b'eadti
of
both real-world
cxpcri€nce
znd
academic
LnowledS€'
Generalist,
Not
a
Specialist
Unless
the sPecific
directive
lccompan]'i'rg
the
stalemcnl
insruc$
othetwise,
avoid harping
on
one
Particular
re,son
tlrat
you

belicvc
is
the
most
convincilg
one or
on one
examPle
that
you
thinl
is most
illusL_ltive'
Try
to rcund out
your
discussion
as.ftr.lly
xs
you reasonxbly
havc
timc
for'
To
Fuard
agarnst
gohB
orf
on a rangcnt
witi a sinSle

rsson
or eximPle'
ir-'r' to adherc
to one
of thc siruc-turrl
templares
you'll
lcaF'about
a.bit
I^tcr in
Pan 2.
rvllllrg
Skllk
lor
rbc
GRE/GMAT
Tests
,ltaut.letidoa oh
nr
Ljjj
'rrurlsqns
slrit rnql
.irss!
Jruq
x ulqr l.q3lq
.rors
ll!^r
s)ldulue
/iq
pruoddns

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rno
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Number
of Words
Don

r wom
about
!h(
vor(l
lcngdr
of vour rss:rr,.
As long
as vo!.incorpo.
rirc
inlo lour
essx_r';lll
rb( ctcnrcnls
d):

j
suF!:csl
hcrc io
lrxn 2,
_vour
.
css
.s
word
ten8rh Nitl
bc Nppropri:rrc.
NOTE:
Thc
samplc
cR[ essa-vs
in

pan
5
of this
book mnSe
from
475
ro
675
vords
in lcngtb,
and the
GIUAT
lssue essays
m
p1n
7
mngc
from
325
ro
500
words
i.o
lengrh.
But for a
lop
score of 6,
your
lssuc
cssxy nced

nor
bc as len8ttr), ,s
my
samples,
cspecia
y
rhe longcr
oncj.
(GRE
test taters
haac
50
percenr
more
rime for lhc
lssrjc
.wnnng
r1lk,
rimc
cnough for
aboui
50
pcrccot
morc words.)
Number
of
Paragraphs
Therc
is no
"correcr"

o,
"bcst"
numbcr
of
par.rgrJphs/rr
sc for an lssuc
essat.
Ncvenheless,
an),
cRE
or GMAT
lssue essa),sboutd
jrcludc
scpaialc
inrroducrory
and sunrmar.y
(o.
conctuclinS)
paiagraphs.
ln addirion,
2ny
cM]lT Issue
cssry
sho:uld
coora;a at tcast
iuto
bod),paiigrlphs,
xnd aD,
GRE Issuc
essay should

conr,jn at teast
tbrco
bodi,
')ai?&"aphs.
Rrinonrcnl
Empnasrs
AND YouR
Essay's
Srnuounr
The
principles
of
cffccrive rh€rorjc
volr leamed
earlicr
should aiso
apply to
thc
m:rnncr in which
vou
?rrange vour
iders
(and
opposing
idcas) into
pangcaphs.
While
there
are no
hard-and.fasr

rules. here are
a handfut of
idcas for
you
ro
pul
'nlo
Dracrrce.
.
Ifvou
bcgin vour
bod)'para8rnphs
1vith your positjon,
stan s,ith
the
slrongcst
("chicf,"
"main,"
or
.primxr\r)
reason
for
that
position.
Then
in subscquent pamgraphs (or
senrenccs),
tum to
vour
sccondan

reaSons.
.
lJ
you
begin
vour'bo?y
paragm'pfrs
ty aiscussir8 a posirion
contrary
ro
yours,
suft vith
rhe slron8esr ("chid,"
-main,"
or
.p.imaor)
rcaron for
thrt
pos
t oD-lhc
one rhar
mos!
pcoplc
would
rhink
of
6fiL
By,runing
righr around
to counrer

tur .e.alon,
you
disam
.
your
dcrmctors
caf in
)our
ess:r}.
.
,^mor8
varions
opposinS poin15,
admir t}lc
skonScst one
firsr.
.
Respond innrcdiatel1,
ro
e3ch conrm'_-\'
poin!,
in
rurrl.
Don r
pile
rhcfi on, t)en
risk runmng
our of time ro respond
to rhcm
all.

|Yrlttn!
SkllLr
Ior
tbe
GIWGLUT
Tcsts
n uwpeteionla>m
tu.'.1
trt )t1rt,)./
,n.,
rtt
rt\,4
tt,t\9/:lal
a.u r(tJ
s1tt4s nutl!r4l
I
s,uosJotad
V
aluldural
!al
.06.6_.f! .9! .ZZ.soN
ir:ss1
1114,3
1111
l{.l
ts
gl
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trt
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can
u5c
thc s:rme
remPlerc
to orscuss
two or
morc examPlcs
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disttnct
at
s) drit
lend suPpon
lo
-vour
posroonl
Ist
Para|raPl':
Onc
cxamPlc
(or

arcx)
th3t suPpor(s
your
Pos'uon
-
counicrPoinl
-)
relJuttal
2nd
Para+tul
l: i'jl.other
cxample
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arca)
lhat suPPotls
yout
positioo
-)
countcrPoin!
_t
rebuttxl
3/d
ParaSrallr:
A'nDrhcr
example
(or
ar€a)
drat suPporu
your
position

-)
countcrpoiJ)!
+ rebutld
The
followinS lssue
cssi.rs
in Part 5
and Pan
7 are
ba5ed
esscntially
on
t])
varEuon:
I t I GRE
Essay Nos.
66' 85
tlll
GMdT BseY
No 74
TernPlate
B
Try this
rcmplate to
acknowledgc
ote
strong
?rgument
aS4itaJl
your

Posluon
but
wbere
you
hlvc
more re?sons
or
cx2mp)cs
in supporl
oflo
'
Positior
lst Para?rapb:
One
rcason
(afld/or
cxample)
in suppon
of
yout
positioo
2fld
Para|,"apl,.
Another
rsson
(andlor
exmple)
in support
of
yor

posilion
3rd
ParagraPlr:
Attorher
reason
(3nd/or
ex
npie)
in suppon
of
yo!
positioo
Final
Paragrapb:
-ief
countirrrgument
-+
rebutta)
The
foUowin8
issue
€ssays
jn
Pan
5
'nd Pan
7
arc btsed
essendally
on

t
templatc:
r t
I
GRE
EssaY Nos
4l,
48' 73
t l l
t GI1AT
Essay r.{os.
11 65.
84
.
':f€mPlate
C
Try
*lis
t€mplale
to acknowledgc
ote
or ntore
strong
aiguments
<84"1
)_out
position
but
wherc
you

have
betcr
reasons
andlor
cxa$ples
rin
.
suPPon
ofYour
Positioni
I
st Paragrapb:
Clt\et
countcrarg,
rmcn!
.
\ext
PatuTralb:
Attoth€r
counter"rSrmcntl
Nctt
PaTalrapb:
On'
r€ason
and/or
cxample
in
suppon of
your
pos'tron

Pete6on's
t
Wrltin9 Skl],l
to:
.GRE/GMAT;
' r t
u r t.usr.i
t
a.l o,n1,n
aq )oI
s1t'ts 3u!tu/71
E-
s,uoeattl
g
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q
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lnssl eNldO3S-HglH
V
lSOdt'lOO Ol /v\OH
DO'S
AT,ID
DON'Ts
FOR YOUR, ISSUE ESSAY
Noq'.
rcvicw
some of *)e ke1'
Doinls
from Pan 2. Herc s a lisr
ot DO s
and
DOr Ts ro kcep vou
on rl)c righ! rr.rck
s/h€n
l,ou
orFrnizc and composc
your
lssuc essa\,.
To
rcinforce ihc
idcas in this.lisl, eannark it and r€fer ro
il
from dmc ro tinrc ns
)'ou
pnrcticc
thc lssur
vriting

t:rsk and as
you
read
m]
s?mplc essal's in Pan
5
and Pen;.
IT{DOPTING
A I'ERSPECNVE
OR
I'OSITION
l,ru
try
to bre-lk epan the saremenr inro componcnls
or discrcte
areas
of
consideration.
ln faci. mmv GRI and G]\,L\T lssue srxrcmcnls are intcntion-
elll designcd
for
you
!o do so.
DON'T
wasre
timc sccond{uessing what thc rcadcr
mighr aSrcc
(or
disagree)
with-

Gn.E and GMAT rcaders are tmlned to be objccrive. So don't try to
anticipatc whar
a reeder
$ould
consider a
"co.rccr"
poshion (politically
or
othcrwise) on an lssuc
UO
-hed8c"
your position
by
qualifyinS your
vicwpoint
and ackrowlcdging
others. ln doing
so,
you
won'r appear wishy-wr,sh),
bu! rather thoughtft
and scholarlvl
DOI'T
l. relucrinr to rak€ a stroos slance
on
,n
lssue. bur
avoid
cofiting across
'

rs fanaricd or cxrreme.
Approach
the
lssuc cssiy
is in inrellccturl
cxcr-
cisc, not as a
forum for sharing vour
personal
beuef sysrem.
Supponrnro Youn PosnroN AND CouNTERTNG O'HERs
UO
admit aJ)d
respond to t})e ctuef
weakress
of vour
position
as
well
as to the
cbjcf mcrirs oI an opposing
posidon,
In doing so, use
varied
rhctorical
rccnmques.
UON T
overdo,r
when
it comes to dFwing on

personrl
expeoences
ro
suppon
your positjon.
Try insrerd ro dcmonst.are a breadth of both rcal-world and
t\^
9o
cxplain
how each exmple
you
mention illusrntcs l our
point.
Anyone call
sjmply list a long stdrS of examples and claim thar thcy
tllustratc a
poinl
But tic rodcrs,are lookin8 for incisivc
analysis, not fasr
q?ing (or
writin8).
DON'I
t.y
.o imprcss the rader wirh either
your lasr
knosledge
of trivia
or
your
tcchnical knowlcdgc of rhe ropic

at
hrnd.
w,tttng
Skfitt
forth
,
GRE/GIMT {etl
uw.PetcnorLt.con'
'
,|.
i
s'sal
lYulDndt
aq )of
s t4s
;iutluA\
|
s.uosrabi!
uro 'r@, !nnrl
'IlrJ.sn
rsorrl
ro
':lur)ur^uor
lsor!
'rsf,Jrll:)
pull
no^
st.a,srrr.t u^top 1ol
.
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{
r,No0
oc
r/Nog
o0
PARI 2-
'
Pick
up
trcr,:r idexs:
cvcn tcading

just
the
firs( and
lasl
pal?grJPhs
of erch
€ssxl
s'ill xfford
you m:rn\' uscful
jnsighls
'
HiFlilight
tt4t-rilio'r
and rl:tctoricttl
PF,ras':s
lhcn !n
compostng
s.vcnl
essxvs
)'oursclf,
making
a spccial
effon
ro incorPorate
your
faYoriles
into vour
essays
so
tha! tl)cr

become
Pan
of
-vour
natul.al
wriring sqlc
NOTE:
For book
inJonnition,
scc
thc
books
wcb supPle'
menri
(.*'E
w.weslocv-stewan).
Dro
EvrN
Fucrurn
ron
lotrs
rt'to
Eur'lpus
Refcrrbg
to
the lists of
cornmon
themes
on
pages

13-15
irl
Pan
l' roll
up
your
sleeves
3nd hit
thc
proverbiel stacks
for
lssue
idcas All
forms
of
rncdia
a.e fair
8'Jne
i,{agazines
Tbe
Periodicals
lisLcd
below
fea$re
anicles
thrt
cover conrmon
lssue
thcmcs
(th€

first
rwo
arc €specially
relevanl
ro t}re
GI$D:
'
Itc.
business
cthics,
malta8cmcnl'
leadership'
enlrcprencurshiP
Fotir?s:
sime thcmcs
as
those in
't'c
'
u S Ncl1)s
f'World
Report:
no\ blc
crlrcnt
evcn6
'
T'be Ecollo'nLst:
Pohtical
and
economic

ideologJ'
'
.Re,rotr
idcolog.v
and culNre
Ooads
of
"cross{isciplinc"
articles)
'
Tlte
Neu lbrle''r
arts, huma{u!€s,
sociolo8J"
Popular
culturc
'
Tlre
Futurist:
a)ltrrdl
and
technological
trcnds
with
rhis list in
hand,
hcxd
to
your loczl librat'
or

thc
magazine's
Wcb sit
and tille
through
some
back
issucs
or archivcd
xrtjcles'
You'll
come
a\va)'
britnming
ov€r
with iders
for bsuc
cssays
Hloo!(5
Chcck
our
books
thar survcy
key'Pcople'
cvcnts'
'nd
dcvelopmcnts
in
lErious
are?s

of human
cndeavor.
Herc
arc lwo
uscful oncs
to st'Jt
wilh:
'.1
;r;1;;;, ,.
.
;::'.
A
Hktory
ol
Ktouledgc:
Past,
Present,
and Flture
by Ch^tlcs
uet\
'
Doren
(Birch
llne Pr6s
1991)
'
The
vorlt s Gryatest
ldeas:
An

Ef,cj'clopcdia
of socilll
lnucntiol1^s'
cd
by
Nicbolas
'{bcrll',
?
al
(Nc$'Socictl
Pubiications'
2001)
rlaut-petaBoB-con
pctedd
s
, tt,/llinq
Skl4.
forr
GRE/GiLAT
T.
I
ita))
tuoea,adrnnun
srsal
Jvw9nl
2qt rofrttts
SutUlAt
I
s,uoe4
(s.srJr.x.

{t)
rlntlrurs s,il]ssr
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({)sr).xr
c) sqdl:lll rd
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.
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VSS3
lnsst
9NidO3S-H9tH
V
SSOdt
OO
01MOH
.
Anal\1icJt
NriLrn! (i
(xcrcis(5)
.
Composing
a fult-tcngah
lssuc
cssrl,(l
cs:,i1.)
For
cxch
Froup
of
eicrcis(s.

di.ccaions
,or
rhxr groun
inrmediarely
prcccd(
th€
excrcises.,.lr-r,,?to
scs
and
collnnents
bcght
on
J)a{e
59.
Owururnc
(3
Exrncrsrs)
On
scmrch
paper.
crcare
an
oudjnc
for
c:rch
of thc
fouo\\,ing
rhrcc
lssues.
l'our

ourline
should
conrxin
nores
for:
.
At
least
one
cxamplc
andlor
rcason
in
suppon
of
cach
maiD point
o
A ba.sic
posilion
or
rhesis (for
vour
introducrion
and
concluding
prragl'lphs)
Limir your
timc
to

5
minures
per
lssue.
L For
rh€
foUowin8
Issue,
provide
n'l
ouulnc
for
,1,o
body para.
Sfaphs-thc
first
one
ir
suppon
of
the
sarcment,s
positi;n,
the
sccond
opposcd
to
i!:
."ln
ant

ficld
of eDdeavor,
an
indiviclual,s
bcst
critics
arc
tlc
individual's
own pcers
in thar
felcl."
2.
For
abe
folo*,in8
Issuc,
provide
an
outlnc
for
,rrce
body
par]graphs.
you,

probabl),
nccd
ar tea$
dlr p"_goph.

,o
comparc
diJtcrenr
rypcs
of
professions
".
""c"rion"
La
ro aef_.
the
setemeni,s
kev
rerms,
"Professional
success
usuallv
depends
on
a
person,s
abiliq,
ro
respond
and
adapt
to
unexpccted
problems
and

changing
crrcum.unccs'
3.
For
rhe
folloe/ing
lssue, provide
arl
outline
for
,/rrca
body
paragnphs.
you'll
probablv
nced
xt lcast
three paragraphs
to
examine
bodl
arerj
Lisred
and
to
corFider
oihcr
possible
crj.
alques

of the
s6tcnren!.
"Ho$,
we
reacr
ro public
scanclals_whether
in
busincss
or
potirjcs eflccrs
our vajues
and prioriries
ns
a
socicr),."
?yRrTlNG
JNIRODUCTORy
paRAGRApHS
(5
Exencrsrs)

,;r .:tj
-'
Fo-r
cach
of the
following
Issucs,
compose

a tq/o.or
tffec-senrc.ncc
t trodudoq,
paraFrrph
rh.ll:
.
Rcvcrls
rie
comple
-r,v
ofrhe
issue
.
su8teess
a
Fencral
posrrion
on tfic
issuc
o
Anrjcjp?tes
$e
sFucturc
of rbc
essr],
lYithng
Skrls
Jor
lhc
CRE/GMAT

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Br4sn ,(q
JnJssarJns
Jo
o^rlJrlD[
arouj f,uoorq
,{IrrruJf,
ur)
sje[unsuoJ
JrJ
^luo:)^DraJ:)
f,r
sldord
fYss.Ins
ro.^pr!.trr
Bsl,(EJ]lod
spv"
.I
.ansq
Jad
s.lmnur
9
01 rurrt

Jnol
tIUn
AVSST
3nSSt
eNidOCS-H9tH V
:SOdl
03
0l MOH
Aunlrncal Wrmnc
(5
Exenctsrs)
E:ch
of the following
s! cmcnls
is
one
that mosl
tc$ tak':rs
would lcnd
to a8rce
eilh
)our
t;Nk
is rc
plx)''lc!i]s
advocate
l:or
each
stnt€mcnt'
composc

x onc'p:rl:rgmPh
rcsponsc
in
s'hich }ou:
'
Providc
onc
rc$on
and/or cxamPlc
in suppon
of
rlrc slatcm€nl
5
posll'on
'
Argue
agdnst
rhc sL:rtcmcnl
s
posilion b)'
providrng at leasl
onc
rcason
and/or
examPlt
'
rn
you.
resPonse,
tq to use

rh€lorical
devices
lo conYince
the
rcader
th;rl
your
conlnry
posi.ion is thc
strongcr
onc Limit
your dme
to 8 minurcs
per lssuc.
'l
'AJ
adults'
\ve
prcfel
to
define ourselvcs
morc
by our
occupx!'on
than
bl' our
af{i[aiion
vith soci2l
grouPs
'

2
".{
dcmocmtic
socicry
is
dways
berte!
off
when many
peoPle
question authorit)
"
3
"Pare^6
should
be
frce io
m?ke
3'll impon'nt
dccisions
tcSstding
the formal
cducanon
of
rhcir childrcn
-
,i.
'Tl)c
propcr focus of!
colicgc

cclucnton
shorrld
be on career
Prcparation
and not
on the dcvelopmcnt
of
a
pcrsonal
valuc
syslcm
"
'
5.
-I{ost
Srea'
achicvcments
are
thE result
of
carcful
piannin8 2nd
x
rons susl.lined
effoft r:rthcr
than
lo sudden
bursts
of crcrtiviq'or
rnsiBht

'
eor.rposl'ro
A
Futt-trNGTH
lssut
Essav
(l
Essav)
Early
in
Paft 2,
I consrrucred,
step b)'step,
a samPle
essal'for
each
of
rhcse
two
simulated
lssles:
Issue
Statement
1
'The
bcst
way
to ensure
protcclion
and

Prcsermtion
of ou'r
natural
environment
is
through
Sovernment
teSdalory
measures
We cannot
rely
on
thc
volunt?,ry
effor$ of
individuals
and-
private.busincsscs
to
achicve
$cse
objcctives."
Issne
Statement
2
'kr8e
busit(5sei
should
focus on
r€zmwork

a5
rhc
prirnsl'y
m':ns
of
achi€ving
success.'
PcteBbns
1t
v/ltin( sklal6tu.
GRE./G]ITAT
TESA
rtuu,l>ctersoB.om
tt,r'suoeatrd
otaal
(sursral]lr:)
f,lcr!unuluor)
:trnSuEl
.lxrs.qr
lr.ds
u[tr
sr d
.
:Jads)J
Jo
/quo^1
ololu
suorulclo
u.clxf,
.

sJaid
uro{
rlsrjtruJ
ol )^rld.Jal
JJouJ
:)rr.ldoad
.
(p.)llourrn
sEoB
AulllpE
u{11
poos
'3
e) suedxluou
ol aldu{s
lool
ucl
sls'l
xaldllloJ
.
(enlf,
ou a^rq
surdh
-uou
:lqdurSorEur.u.rr
!3.))
FJrlaror.p
pu!
rctrruqtrJl
.

plrrJ
Jo
e3prlaorq
tseq o,lrq
slaad
.
(e.r3y)
I
qdvdersd
.ro
pulx
-rs'q"
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r!q^
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Jo

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loddns
14
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aqt )o.t
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s
Jultual
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s,uosJ4
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Suns:r
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ttmq

sJUo
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ot srrollJunJ
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fsn
fiol
3!rDlr.r4l
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rsoduoJ
ol Jossrf,oJd pJo.{,
c em
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uautrAprDq
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rluqns or urld
nol
sseFrn
.1I!1,,1g;
s:rnquj
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(fU5)
slrnuru,
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ot
atult
Jno,{
lIruJI

.$ldl[rrJ
pu!
suosEcJ
u.Lo
mol
3sn
ot Lrl
pw
uorrrsod
rno,{
roJ rn€rB
or s5nbrrsrer
Trru u,
T*i-it#rtj
.
.
a^lrralla
l[sJl,roreql
s!
rEql lrnrrruqs
r
SrDdopy
.
sqdErSr.Jud
gurDnlruof,
pu!
ftoDnpolrr!
5^nJalga
BuIrIrA\
.

s.n.rxrlduro,
s.cnsq
rr{r
s.zr,€ocr
rErrr ."o".0.,::t$tJ:il:.[
.
:lnoqx
Z
rrEd
lr,r
pruJE
l
r^,no,{
t!q.4d llddr
o:
l:A
.cnssr
eq1
lnoql suorr{do
lEuosJed
rno,{
Jo
ssrlpjr€5r
.lu3rultrts
Jql
q1r^
luaraaar1oqp
||era^o
ssudxa
no,( qlJIJ.t

uI llsst
(rx
f,sodu,o)
pw
.ruaurclsrs
r)r{lF
rtf,lls
sru:rlu)rElls
rFoq q\|d
tuaural80
fiara^o
pJssrd)€
scsuods5l
aldrurs
,,(1,{
l. Anab'sis
Petqio,r's
z
lzaxng
S*tu
lor
*l
Pa.ragriaph
2
(DisaSrce)
.
Pcers
mighr b( dishoncst
(jerlous)'
or comPc(rt'on)

.
Ou$idcrs
rr( nrorc obiectivc
.
Non-cxpens
bring frcsb insights
(c.F.,
lircFrn critic s focus
differs from film directo. s)
.
tssuc rests on dcfinilion ol
"best-
Ocsl
inlomed
\'s. mosr
obiective)
.
Kct: Criricism
must help
you
improlc
your
crifl
or advance
krowlcdge
Here s an outlllne for
a rcsponse
wi$
*ree body
prmgraphs.

Thc
firsi
pirrgnph s'ould proyide two mxin reasons
wh)'tic tcst takcr tundimcn_
trtlJ' agrees
wifi
thc stilcmcnt.
Thc sccond
pamgnph
vould
considcr
possible
cxc€ptions, ticn
cxplain thcm a.!val'.
The third
ParaS.aph
would
'
.
rcco€lizc
rhar the issle resrs
ultimat€ly on thc defitirion of'profcssional
'
succcss." The
otltline suESests
thxt thc t€st takcr
phns to
rcl)'
on cxafiples
from a

vxiien'of
Drofessions,
ParagBph
1
(A8r'ce-z
Rcasons)
.
It,r)'jobs
inherentll, unprediclible
(e.9.,
ioumarisrn,
medir,
.
I{rilriplc
circcrs
.re common today
(no
job
securiry)
Paiagiaph
2
(Exceptions)
.
Exception:
Jobs
cnsconced in
convention/ladition
(c
8,
laq',

banlinS)
.
but evolvinS
laws, re$latrons,
and tcchnology
requlrc
adapration
.
care€rs
in th€se
areas not sccure
'
A fcw riieoredcal
fields
might be insulared
(€.8.,
brstory,
math.
or music
deor),
.
but
job
circumstanccs
oftcn
unccndn,
so aclapt or
pcrish!
.
new dcvclopmcnts

stilt
possiblc
(€.g.rhisloricrl
cqdcnc€
marh rhcorics,
nes' musicil
forms)
uno&peter.oLt.com
GR-E/GMAT
.Ta.J
3
GR]
I t'
tJIs
u
osr<1
t
a
d
a L1
| d t
(rtlJnrrx)
I
qdrlil'Jud
ur
sr:
rrurs
tuorslrlruo]
.
{r)ddn(l

Erp)LU
nur:
srnf,;o^ rru.a
s^lo(F
.
rsalrtu!
tufurud
sr^! esuodsr
.
slDpuD$ xes
uot(nl]
3.9
.
slxapr
JDEr)OrIlap
loJ
urJ)uoJ
s^\oqs .
ruJoIrJ
a)ultru
gtpduru)
sr^t,suods,
.
sIDpurrs
fr4srrjpunJ
3.3
.
(srp[od)
Z
qdE-drrEd

(rtlnlrjr)
s)np^
StnDdutol qll^i
llspos
x:ldrlloJ
E alx aA\
:uorsnlJuo]
.
JDEiu3crd
,Jr, )^r
,{ogs
slueurf,lltrs
lnof,
asud$ruf,
arj
Jo
urd sr ror^rqcq
sssqsnq
[|:rJtpeun
Jruclo]
f,nd
s^toqs
UolrtrlJr prxrur
.
rolrSllll
otr)Eqof
"3.9
.
stalJrt!
jlo

SuuorlJun{
Jrdold
'&4ba
.ssau_rrr.J
:npa
r^1
sa\oqs .
ltllqrruno))r prr
uuojlJ
JoJ s!^r
uorrjxeJ
uosrrpuv/uorrJ
.3
9
.
(sseqmg)
I
qdErSured
.(lr^rt
raq)oux
uo
lrrf,rlrlEls rqr
onbnur
pFo^r
rldu8Lrxd
aqr
,.c.r)
rFI.{.
q3.q
ol

sn
lnoqt sllJ^aj
sJcE'ur5s rFr,,$.
uoJssJsqo
s,slpor!
mo
lrq.d ,noq!
suonsJnb
lxrualuEplnv
.rour
3r4rru,{q
sluo
Jn'rqgrstn
ssel uro{,{rssa
sllll
qsm8uFslp
plno,r
qdlrSxrrd
p4rp
.ql
.lulrtrJlsls
lrp rpJA
ea$!
,qlrJrsrq plno,$
,(6se
5ql
')dLr
q)E9
JoJ
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JFnnod
Jo
sadA.oldt?urlE"x5
pFo,{
puolrs
rql rf.q^r
'sJrpucrs
ssl4gnq
Jo
srldurrxe
,phord pfno,s,
qdEr€$?d
tsrJ arII sqdl:Sr:zd
rboq :l:rlr qrraa.ssodsr,
" roj
a,rrnrro
*.,.rri]
splrg
ITr
JoJ en:n
sl
luarrltcls
.ss5))ns
Jo
uolllln.Iap
^\o$eu
i; B|rrtunssv
.
qseq,t
cllrl

Jruosjad
pu!
rlajDJ
Sururlrq
uo
spuedrp
ssa)Jns
eqIEyJ .
(i,L3otohEr
I
lurualEts rq1
sl) ss:l:rns.urr.O
.
(uoBrrruro)
e
qd&€ercd
VSSI
3nSSt 9NlUOf,S_H9tH v
lSOdr.Jo3
0.1MOH
trsal
JYr{9n
nql
JLtt s11t4s
n'ttlual
.
tuosJ.,
sIs/(TeuV
Paras.aph
3

(Qucr,cs)
.
lf
wc prl,
a(cnrion aL ill, whl does
tlis rcflect abour socieq,?
.
Is thc f:rcr rhxl
scrndrls arc
plblicized
mor( reneclivc of
rhc
nrcdi. lhxn of socie$,
Thcsis
.
ln ci$cr rrcx. scmdals
shoq'we
hrvc
man! sidcs.
.
lnruition rells me this is an accurate
reflection.
.
lUusingj lssue .aises
qucsrions
rbour
hos'media
jrjiuenccs
our
vatucs

and
priorirics
ffnmNc
lmooucroRy PARAGRAIHs
(5
ExercrsrsJ
t.
Ana\'sis
The
operarive
word
in rlus
sErcmenr rs
'only."
Ths kcy
voro
opcns.Inc
door for
you
to discuss orher rcasons
thesc ad5 a.re ofren cffectivc and ro
providc
supponing cxamples. Hcre
s
rn
inFoductory
paraSraph
rhar lcaG
eppropriately inro rhis
discussion. Nodce drat the

inroducrion anriclparcs
thrcc
body
paragraphs (onc
for t]rc arca of rgrecmeor lnd
one
for cach
of
thc wro
poinrs
of disagecmerr):
2" Analysis
Aisuming thar an
-cffective"
2d
is onc dlxt hclps scll the
advc.tiscd
producr
or scrwice, I agrcc
with
ihe sirremcnr to tlrc cxtent that this
advenising rechnique
ca. bc cffccdve. Howcver. the starcmcnt is
problcmatic
in rso rcspects:
(l)
jr
ovcrlooks othcr reasof's that thcsc
r't?cs of ads arc often
cffecrive,

and
(2)
jr
wrong_y
assrmes that
consum€rs can accurirc\'
pr€dicr
thc
bencfirs of
x
product
bcfore
usnc
11,
__
AnJ,sutement
with
th€
word
"sho.rld"
invites the tcst taler ro challcflSe
c€nain normative assumptions undcrlying the statcmcnt- Thc folio$in8
introductoD'
paragraph
tclls the rcadcr that the tcsr raker rccogizes those
assumptions and will
proceed
to
challengc thcm. Notice
thar thc introduc-

don anticiprtes trlee bod),paragnphs
(one
for t}le area of agreemenr and
onc
for each
of two challengcs):
I do not dispurc thc lcgti-macf of rcscarch aimed at inp.oving thc
health and wetl-bcing
of
locierl'xnd
i6
mcmbers. Howcver, thc
speakcr misunderstands s/hy
vc
humans. by
ey
of ou
vcry
neturc.
arc drivcn to
adraoce
our knoq'l€d8e in
thc fi.st
place.
Thc spca.ker.
fxils
to appreciare
that in sceking knowlcdge
for knowledge's oqrl
s3l(e, rcserchers somclimes maj(c t}le

most
profoundlv
bcneficitl
PettsAns
t
V'nnq
Sk
ls/ortb.
GRE/GMAT
Tcslt
lwpetno,Ls.@n
4.