English Language Tests-Intermediate level''''s archiveSwedish Trade Unions doc

English Language Tests-Intermediate level's archive
Swedish Trade Unions
1. Swedish unions do not rely much on formal organizing
campaigns; employees join either of their own or as
a result of group pressure.

decision
purpose
volition
willpower
2. Being outside a union is a risky business, as unions
control much of labour regulation; though any form of
against non-unionized employees is against the law,
it can be hidden by employers acting together with unions.

derogation
discrimination
ostracization
segregation
3. Unionization rates in the service sector are significantly
lower than in industry, at least among blue-collar workers;
still, they around 70 per cent, a figure that is high
enough not to cause serious union worry.

hover
idle
sidle
quiver
4. Atypical work has and now accounts for some 30
to 35 per cent of total employment; however, atypical
employees are unionized to the same extent as others,

perhaps slightly more so.

bloomed
blossomed
flowered
mushroomed
5. The reason seems to be that they are more to
exploitation and so have more to gain from union
membership.

amenable
amicable
viable
vulnerable
6. Effective collective arrangements exist in all
sectors of the economy.

bargaining
contracting
dealing
striking
7. Even the temporary work business is unionized and
covered by a collective agreement.

comprehensible
comprehensive
exhaustive
inexhaustible
8. The greatest difficulty is to make salaries respond to
changes in market demand: the pay structure is highly

in the sense that it is extremely difficult to change
the relative level of different categories of employees.

rigged
rigid
seated
set
9. If one union manages to negotiate extra high pay
increases for its members, perhaps due to market forces,
all other unions will immediately demand — and fight hard
for — the same increase, threatening to the initial
effect.

redo
remake
undo
unmake
10. Unions have a monopoly on collective pay
regulation since there is no free labour market in the
sense of a market not governed by collective agreements.

de facto
de jure
in vitro
in vivo