ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ NGHỊ KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI LẦN THỨ 16 MÔN : ANH VĂN - THPT CHUYÊN TRÀ VINH ppt

Trường Trung Học Chuyên Trà Vinh - 1 - Đáp án đề nghị môn Tiếng Anh

Năm học 2008 - 2009
SỞ GD & ĐT TRÀ VINH
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TRÀ VINH.
ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ NGHỊ KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI
ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG LẦN THỨ 16
MÔN : ANH VĂN

I/. Listening:
LISTENING 1
1.Listen to a conversation between 2 students talking about markets in London and complete the
market list
MARKET LIST
Address Open hour Days Tube Station
East Street SE17 8am- 5pm Sat Tue. Castle
Leather Lane WC1 Lunch times 1.____________ Chancery Lane
2.______Lane E1 9am- 12 noon Sunday mornings 3.____________
Walthamstow E17 4.__________
Mon-Sat. except
Wed., Sun.
Central Line
Brixton SW9 9am-6pm
Mon Sun.
half day on Wed.
5.____________
Camden High St. 8am-5pm 6.____________
Chalk Farm,
Camden Town

2. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer

7. Who is Barbara going to shop with?_________________________
8. How is Barbara traveling to the shop tomorrow?_____________________
9. What time are they going to meet?_______________________
LISTENING 2
Listen to a talk about the Women’s Conference and circle the correct answer
10. How many meetings are going to be held from August to September in Beijing?
A.2 B.3
C.4 D.5
11. When will the Non-government Organization Forum on Women be held?
A. From August 13 to September 8, 1995
B. From August 30 to September 8, 1995
C. From September 4 to September 15, 1995
D. From September 4 to September 16, 1995
12. Where was the Third World Conference on Women held?
A. in Beijing B. in Mexico City
C. in Copenhagen D. in Nairobi
13. How many people are expected to attend the Fourth World Conference on Women?
A. 30,000 B. 184
C. About 6,000 D. About 60,000
14. How many years has it taken to prepare for the Fourth World Conference in Beijing?
A. 13 years B. 10 years
C. 5 years D. 3 years

Answer: (listening)
Section 1:
1. Mon. – Fri. 2. Petticoat 3. Aldgate 4. 9 am- 4 pm 5. Brixon
6. Sundays 7. Tom and Mary 8. By tube 9. 9:30

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Năm học 2008 - 2009
Section 2:
10. A 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. D
Tapescript:
Tom and Barbara are talking about markets in London. Barbara has market list and she wants to find out
more details about them. Listen to the conversation and complete the market list. Write no more than three
words for each answer. Look at questions 1-6 on the market list now.
Now listen and complete the market list.
Tom: Hi, Barbara. What will you do this weekend?
Barbara: Well, I'd like to do some shopping, but I have no idea where to go. I've only been here a few
days. I was told London is an expensive place to live.
Tom: Yes, but that's not completely true. London can be an expensive place to live, but if you shop in the
right places, you can live relatively cheaply.
Barbara: Is that true? Could you tell me something about the shops?
Tom: All right. You know, food tends to be cheapest in the big supermarkets like Sainsburys and Tescos.
Most of them have quite a good variety of food and household items. You can buy your fruit and
vegetables on the street. You will Find these street markets in almost every part of London. You can also
buy clothes, shoes and household items in these markets for a real bargain. Have you got a market list
provided by the Student Union?
Barbara: Yes. Here you are.
Tom: This might give you some ideas. Let me see. East Street SE17. This market sells cheap food, clothes
and hardware. It's open from 8 am to 5 pm.
Barbara: Yes, but how can I get there?
Tom: You can take the underground. We call it the tube. You see, there is a tube station on the list.
Barbara: Let me see. Yes, it's Castle Station.
Tom: Right. You can get off at the Castle.
Barbara: Good. Look at Leather Lane WC1.
Tom: Yes, that's a good central London market for clothes, food and hardware. It opens at lunch times
from Monday to Friday. It's near Chancery Lane Station.
Barbara: Well. What about the one in Petticoat Lane?

Tom: Oh, Petticoat Lane El. It sells clothes, shoes and household goods. It opens only on Sunday
mornings from 9 am to 12 noon.
Barbara: Yes, we can get off at Aldgate Station. OK. What about the one in Walthamstow El7?
Tom: Oh, that's a big market for clothes and food. It's open between 9 am and 4 pm on Mondays to
Saturdays, except Wednesdays and Sundays.
Barbara: Let me see yes, we can get there on the Central Line. What about Brixton?
Tom: That's Brixton SW9. It's an indoor and outdoor market with a lively atmosphere. It sells vegetables
from all over the world. It opens 9 am to 6 pm Mondays to Sundays and half day on Wednesdays.
Barbara: Oh, it's close to Brixton Station, very near my place. Great. It's very convenient. Tell me more
detail about Camden Lock.
Tom: Yes, there are several markets on Camden High Street and plenty of shops. They sell fashion
clothes, jewellery, recorders and pottery. It's good for buying presents, very close to Chalk Farm and
Camden Town Station.
Barbara: I see. It says that it opens on Sundays only from 8 am to 5 pm. Well, I think these markets might
help to keep my costs down.
Tom: Well, if you need to buy new electrical goods or large household items, you can wait until the
January sales when almost all the shops sell goods at discount prices.
Barbara: Thank you very much for your help. Tom, shall we go to Brixton together this weekend?
Tom: I'd love to.
Barbara: Oh, I'm afraid I've got to go to a lecture. I will bring you tonight. Bye.
Tom: OK. Bye.



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Năm học 2008 - 2009
Barbara is phoning Tom about shopping. Look at questions 7-9.
Now listen to their telephone conversation and answer questions 7-9. Write no more than three words for
each answer.

(Telephone rings.)
Tom: 4010625?
Barbara: Hello. Is that you, Tom?
Tom: Hi, Barbara. Have you decided where to go tomorrow?
Barbara: Yes, that's right. I want to go to Camden Town to shop. Would you like to go there with me?
Tom: Yes, I'd love to. That's a good market. Mary is here with me now. She wants to go
there, too. Shall we meet at Camden Town Station?
Barbara: OK. How are you going there?
Tom: We will go there by bus. It's only It’s only three stops from my place. Well, we might walk
there if the weather is fine. How will you get there?
Barbara: I think I will have to take the underground. I'm at Bond Street and I'll take the Central Line first
and get off at Tottenham Court Road.
Tom: That's it. Take the Central Line and get off at Tottenham Court Road. Then you want the Northern
Line to Camden Town. It's only about four stops. Make sure you get a northbound train though. You want
northbound Camden Town. OK?
Barbara: OK. I think I can find the way. I have an underground map with me now. What time shall we
meet there tomorrow?
Tom: How about ten thirty?
Barbara: Well, I think that's a bit too late. It might be crowded by that time.
Tom: How about one hour earlier, say nine thirty?
Barbara: Fine. That will be all right. See you tomorrow.
Tom: Bye.
That's the end of Section 1. Yon now have half a minute to check your answers.
Now turn to Section 2.
Section 2:
Yon are going to hear a talk about the Women's Conference. First look at questions 10-14.
After you listen to part of the talk, answer questions 10-14.
There will be two meetings held in Beijing, and they will overlap. One — the NGO (Non-
governmental Organization) Forum on Women will be held in Beijing from August 30 to September 8,
1995. The other one — the Fourth World Conference on Women (FWCW) of the United Nations will be

held in Beijing from September 4 to 15, 1995.
Why is the UN (United Nations) holding these meetings? The UN has noticed that discrimination
against women has been increasing. The UN definition of discriminations –any distinction, exclusion or
restriction made on the basis of sex, which has the purpose of deciding or not allowing the full recognition
of a woman on a basis of equality between male and female, human rights, freedom in political, economic,
social, cultural or other Fields.
Women are discriminated against in every country of the world. The UN has issued policies to
deal with the discrimination. The UN has also placed the improvement of women’s status position high on
the global agenda.
The world is getting smaller. We are becoming a global family that shares problems and
difficulties. We can learn from one another, help one another and share ideas and information.
There have been three previous world conferences on women. First in Mexico City in 1975,
second in Copenhagen in 1980 and third was in Nairobi in 1985. During the first conference held in
Mexico City in 1975, which was during the "International Women's Year", one outcome was the
declaration by the UN General Assembly for "Decade for Women" (1976-1985).
In Copenhagen in 1980 the participants adopted a "Program of Action" for the second half of the
UN Decade for Women. The 1985 Nairobi Conference was held at the end of the UN Decade for Women
and the results were published in a book called the Forward Looking Strategies, which provided a
framework for action at the international, national and regional levels of government and groups to
promote greater equality and opportunities for women.
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The slogan for the UN Decade for Women was equality, development and peace. This year from
the end of August until the middle of September, Beijing will hold two conferences. They are separate
conferences but related. The NGO Forum '95 from August 30 to September 8 about 30,000 participants,
both women and men, are expected to attend. It will be about women, their lives and their perspectives.
This will provide women around the world with an opportunity to discuss and develop ideas, perspectives,
plans and strategies and share information, to celebrate women's achievement and contributions in society,
and to draw attention to and develop solutions to the discrimination facing women worldwide.

Who can participate in the NGO Forum '95? Any individuals or groups who fill in an application
form and send 50 USD to NGO Forum, New York, by April 30, 1995.
Who will attend the Fourth World Conference? Each member state of the UN will send an official
delegation. There are 184 member states in the UN. Also any person that represents an organization which
has received accreditation. This had to be done by January 13, 1995. Six thousand people are expected to
attend this Conference.
There has been over three years of preparations for this Conference in Beijing, at the international,
national and regional levels in all the participating countries.
The Preparation Committee has organized all the issues into ten categories. The Conference in
Beijing will discuss all these issues. At the end of the Conference the UN will issue a "Platform for
Action". The Platform for Action will address the following critical areas of concern
II/. Lexico – Grammar:
A. Verbal phrases:
1. Cali gambled away all his father’s legacy and finally he ________ his family _______ misery.
A. put … in B. threw …. into C. made in D. led to
2. I was __________ by the beautiful music.
A. carried away B. carried out C. carried up D. carried on
3. Chemical in the body ________ our food _______ into useful substances.
A. break down B. break up C. put out D. put … up
4. The little boy was _________ his mother to tell him the story, but she was too busy then.
A. longing for B. hoping for C. longing after D. wishing for
5. I got impatient waiting for my turn to _________.
A. go out B. set out C. come out D. work out
6. I didn’t __________ your arriving so soon.
A. feed on B. rely on C. depend on D. count on
7. We’re going to ________ Mark since he moved into a new house.
A. call on B. call at C. call into D. call for
8. Fireworks __________ the attraction of the festival night.
A. appeared to B. increased to C. added up to D. added to
9. Susan’s face ________ she heard the good news.

A. lit up B. lightened up C. is bright D. brightened
10. As neither of us would __________, the bargain came to nothing.
A. give upon B. give out C. give away D. give in

Answer:
1. B threw / into 2. A. carried away 3. A break down 4. A. longing for
5. C. come out 6. D. count on 7. call on 8. D. added to
9. A. lit up 10. D. give in

B. Fill in the blank with the word in the box, changing their form if necessary.
Safe driving
Some people come to the (1)_________ that frequent road accidents are just an (2)_______ part of
modern life. In fact, all drivers have the (3)_________ to alter this situation with a simple change in
attitude. Whereas the vast (4)_______ of drivers are relatively safe and are rarely involved in a serious
accident, a worrying (5)________ drive at such speed that the (6)__________ error can be fatal. This is
obviously (7)________. It’s also essential for all drivers to take into (8)________ different road
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Năm học 2008 - 2009
conditions- poor light, for instance. Finally, semester that human behaviour is (9)__________- another
driver may take an (10)_________ turn or slow down suddenly, so always try to think ahead.

Answer:
1. conclusion 2. unavoidable 3. ability 4. majority 5. minority
6. slightest 7. unacceptable 8. consideration 9. unpredictable
10. unexpected
C. Use article a/an/ the:
The wild dog and the farm
Once there was (1)________ wild dog who was very , very hungry. He had not had anything to eat
for (2)________ long time. He was shaggy and thin and his bones stuck out through his skin. He ran here

and there through (3)________ woods and (4)______ meadows looking for (5)_______ rabbit or
(6)_______ squirrel or even (7)_____ mouse to eat. But it was (8)_______ winter, he found nothing.
Finally, he came near (9) ________ farm house where he met (10)_______ old farm dog. (11)______
farm dog was plump and had (12)_______ well-brushed hair.
“ How come you are so plump and well-fed?” asked (13) _______ wild dog.
“Oh, the farmer gives me (14)______ milk, (15)_______ bones, and (15)_______ delicious scraps
from his table.” Said the farm dog. “All I have to do is bark to warn him if (17)_____ robbers come, it’s
(18) _____ very easy job. I’m sure (19)_______ farmer would give you (20)_______ same if you work
here too.
“I think I would like such (21)_______ easy job” said the wild dog, and his mouth started to water
as he thought of (22)_____ milk, (23)________ bones, (24)_______ scraps from (25)______ farmer’s
table.
Just then, (26)_________ wild dog noticed (27)_______ place around (28)_______ farmer dog’s
neck where (29) _______ hair was all rubbed off “what is that on your neck?” asked the wild dog.
Oh, that’s where my collar goes. It rubs off (30) ______ hair. But it doesn’t hurt, it’s nothing to
worry about” said the farmer’s dog.
“ Yet, most of (31) _______ time. But I don’t mind” said the farm dog. I’m used to it. Let’s go
now (32)_______ farmer can see you and give you something to eat. You look very hungry.
You mean that you can’t go through (33) __________ meadows and (34)_______ woods and go
wherever you please?
“ Once in (35)________ while I wish I could” said the farm dog. But it’s no (36)_____ problem
for me. I’m used to it. Stay. You will get used to it too.
“ No, thank you, said (37)_______ wild dog. I would rather be hungry and free than well-fed on
(38)______ rope. Goodbye”
And with these words, (39)_______ wild dog can off in to (40)_________ woods.
Answer:
1. a 2. a 3. the 4.
√
5. a 6. a 7. a 8.
√

9. a 10 an 11. The 12.
√

13. the 14. √ 15. √ 16. √ 17. √ 18. a 19. the 20. the 21. an 22. the 23. √ 24. √ 25. the
26. the 27. a 28. the 29. the 30. the 31. the 32. the 33. the 34. the 35. a 36.
√ 37. the
38. a
39. the 40. the

D. Vocabulary:
1. The better _______ you have of words, the better meaning you can express.
A. demand B. command C. market D. performance
2. The late Vietnamese leader Le Duan was recognized as the _________ Architect of Vietnam’s
reform, opening and modernization.
A. Main B. Principal C. Chief D. Primary
3. She ________ agreed to go with him to the football match although she had no interest in the game
at all.
A. apologetically B. grudgingly C. shamefacedly D. discreetly
4. The police couldn’t persuade the man to _________ the source of his information.
A. uncover B. discover C. divulge D. concede
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Năm học 2008 - 2009
5. On the way to Cambridge yesterday, the road was blocked by a fallen tree, so we had to make a
_____________.
A. deviation B. digression C. detour D. departure
6. The room is ___________ obvious.
A. blindlessly B. blindedly C. blindly D. blindingly
7. All his hard work ________ in success.
A. accounted B. merged C. culminated D. succumbed

8. The bedroom was _________ with battles.
A. infested B. inflated C. infected D. infused
9. If things are going well. In fact, business is __________.
A. soaring B. rolling C. blooming D. leaping
10. The smoke ___________ from the burning tyres could be seen for miles
A. sweeping B. billowing C. radiating D. bulging

Answer key:
1. B command 2. C chief 3. B grudgingly 4. C. divulge 5. C. detour
6. blindingly 7. C culminated 8. A infested 9. C. blooming 10. B billowing
E. Mistake correction:
Identify 10 mistakes in the following passage. Then correct it:
The sun was shining quite brightly as Mrs. Grant left her house, and she saw no necessity to take
an umbrella with her. She got on the bus to take herself into the town and before long it came on to rain.
It had not stopped when the bus reached at the market-place half an hour later. Mrs. Grant stood up and
absent-minded picked up the umbrella that was hanging on the seat in front of her.
A cold voice said loudly: “That is mine, Madam!”
Suddenly remembered that she had come out without her umbrella, Mrs. Grant blushed with
embarrassment and apologised, trying at the same time to ignore a unpleasant look the owner of the
umbrella was giving her.
When she got off the bus, Mrs. Grant made a straight for a shop which she could buy an umbrella.
She found a very pretty one and, because it was so pretty, decided to buy other as a present for her
daughter. She did the rest of her shopping and had lunch in a café .
In the afternoon she got on the homeward bus with the two umbrellas under her arm, and sat down.
Then she saw that, with a curious coincidence, she was sitting next to the woman who had made her
feeling so uncomfortable that morning.
This woman now looked at her, then at the umbrellas, and said: “ You have had quite a good day, I see”.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.

4. 9.
5. 10.


Answer:
Mistake correction:
Identify 10 mistakes in the following passage. Then correct it:
The sun was shining quite brightly as Mrs. Grant left her house, and she saw no necessity to take an
umbrella with her. She got on the bus to take herself into the town and before long it came on to rain. It
had not stopped when the bus reached at the market-place half an hour later. Mrs. Grant stood up and
absent-minded picked up the umbrella that was hanging on the seat in front of her.
A cold voice said loudly: “That is mine, Madam!”
Suddenly remembered that she had come out without her umbrella, Mrs. Grant blushed with
embarrassment and apologized, trying at the same time to ignore a unpleasant look the owner of the
umbrella was giving her.
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Năm học 2008 - 2009
When she got off the bus, Mrs. Grant made a straight for a shop which she could buy an umbrella. She
found a very pretty one and, because it was so pretty, decided to buy other as a present for her daughter.
She did the rest of her shopping and had lunch in a café .
In the afternoon she got on the homeward bus with the two umbrellas under her arm, and sat down. Then
she saw that, with a curious coincidence, she was sitting next to the woman who had made her feeling so
uncomfortable that morning.
This woman now looked at her, then at the umbrellas, and said: “ You have had quite a good day, I see”.
1. necessity  need 6. a (unpleasant look)  the (unpleasant look)
2. herself  her 7. a shop which  a shop where
3. reached  arrived 8. other  another
4. absent-minded  adsent-mindedly 9. with  by ( a conscious coincidence)
5. remembered  remembering 10. feeling  feel.

F. Verb tenses and forms:
AFTER THE FIRE
Firemen (fight) ………… the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they
(can get ) ………… it under control. A short time before, great trees (cover) ………… the countryside
for miles around. Now, smoke still (rise up) ………… from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
Winter (come) …………. on the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain
would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire ( at last/ put out)
…………………., the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass seed which (grow)
…………… quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in large quantities by airplanes. The planes
(plant ) …………… seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the
grass (already take) ………… root. In place of the great trees which had been there for centuries,
patches of green (begin) …………. to appear in the blackened soil.

ANSWER:
1/. had been fighting 6/. had at last been put out
2/. could get 7/. would grow
3/. had covered 8/. had been planting
4/. rose up 9/. had already taken
5/. was coming 10/. had begun D/. Word forms:
E/. Articles:
III/. Reading:
A/. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word:

B. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap:
The full name of the UK is the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great
Britain, strictly speaking, is the island comprising England, Wales and Scotland. Ireland, which part of (1)
_________, and the (2) __________ of Ireland (known in Irish as Eire). Great Britain and Ireland belong
to the whole group of islands known as the (3) _______ Isles, which includes all the Scottish islands such
as the Hebrides, the Orkneys and the Sherlands, plus others such as Anglesey and the Scilly Isles. Most

these smaller islands are part of the UK and are (4) ________ from the mainland, although the Isle of Man
(in the Irish Sea) and the Tynwald, was established more than 1000 years ago, and thought to the oldest
legislature in continuous existence in world.
Until 1999, all parts of the UK were governed from London. However, following “yes” votes in
the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish (7) ______, the British government set up a new Scottish
Parliament and Welsh and Northern Irish Assemblies, (8) ________ many of its powers to these bodies.
For economic purposes, England is divided into 9 large (9) _________ development agencies exist
to improve their economic performance and to tailor national (10) ________ to regional needs. However,
most individuals feel a much stronger attachment to their (11) ________, which in most cases represents a
historical link with the past. There are over 40 of these in England, of varying (12) ______, from tiny
Berkshire to enormous North Yorks here.
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Năm học 2008 - 2009
The citizens of the UK have British (13) _______. In addition, they are citizens the European (14)
______, because the UK is a (15) ________.
1. A. the UK B. England C. Great Britain D. Scotland
2. A. Kingdom B. State C. Homeland D. Republic
3. A. English B. Scottish C. British D. United
4. A. legislated B. administered C. accounted D. enforced
5. A. self-governing B. democratic C. self-elected D. tolerant
6. A. monarch B. chamber C. regime D. parliament
7. A. referendums B. electrons C. polls D. surveys
8. A. depositing B. deliberating C. devolving D. deratifying
9. A. provinces B. regions C. states D. localities
10. A. ideas B. ambitions C. policies D. suits
11. A. region B. towns C. village D. country
12. A. beauty B. sizes C. shapes D. age
13. A. identity B. rights C. statehood D. nationality
14. A. Union B. club C. Charter D. Parliament

15. A. voting B. participant C. member D. partner

Answer:
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C
11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
III. Writing:
A. Sentence transformation:
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed
before it:
1/. At the moment people think the accident is Nick’s fault.
Nick is ……………………………………………………
2/. “Cigarette?” he asked.” No, thanks.” I said.
He ………………………………………………………….
3/. She firmly believed Tom to be telling the truth.
It ……………………………………………………………
4/. The villagers, though few in number, we incredibly friendly.
What the villagers lacked …………………………………
5/. This computer data is strictly confidential.
Under no circumstances …………………………………….
6/. She feels uncomfortable when people tell her how beautiful she is (EMBARRASSES)
………………………………………………………………
7/. Don’t you remember anything about your lifetime in London as a child? (RECOLLECTION)
……………………………………………………………….

8/.Any correspondence from the Canberra office must be dealt with before other matters.(PRIORITY).
……………………………………………………………….
9/. I advise you not to believe what you read in the papers about me. (RELIANCE).
……………………………………………………………….

10/.” I don’t mind where the money goes as long as the people are the real beneficiaries”.(MATTER)

……………………………………………………………….
ANSWER :
1/. Nick is currently being blamed for (causing) the accident.
2/. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined.
3/. It was her firm belief that Tom was telling the truth.
4/. What the villagers lacked in numbers they made up for in friendliness.
5/. Under no circumstances should (must) this computer data be revealed.
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Năm học 2008 - 2009
6/. It embarrasses her when people tell her how beautiful she is.
7/. Haven’t you had any recollection of your lifetime in London as a child?
8/. Any correspondence from the Canberra office must take priority (be given priority) over other matters.
9/. I advise you not to place any reliance on what you read in the papers about me.
10/. “It doesn’t matter where the money goes as long as the people are real beneficiaries”.

B. The paragraphs of the magazine article are in the wrong order. Number the paragraphs (A, B, C
or D) in the correct order.
MODERN MANNERS
A. "Well, Dr St George is right, isn't he? I mean, look at those two young people over there. They can
hardly keep their hands off each other. They shouldn't kiss and cuddle like that in public. It's embarrassing
for other people." "Noise. That's what I don't like about things today. Everyone seems to think they can
make as much noise as they like without a thought for other people. When you get on a train, some idiot's
probably shouting into a mobile phone or you find yourself sitting next to someone with a personal stereo
that's turned up too loud. And have you tried having a quiet day in the garden lately? Quiet? You can
hardly hear yourself think with all the lawnmowers, hedge trimmers, and what have you."
B. "I don't think it's true. Things are different nowadays, but I wouldn't say they're worse. Life has become
much faster and people don't have time for the more formal manners that the Victorians had. I know
people eat in the street, but I wouldn't say there's anything wrong with that. It's just easier and faster like
that."

C. "Life is certainly more informal these days, I'll give you that, but I wouldn't say that's a bad thing.
When I first started work I had to wear a suit and a tie, but these days we all wear casual clothes. And
everybody was called Mr. This and Mrs. That, but today it's all first names. In our office everyone even
calls the Managing Director "Bob". That was unthinkable when I was younger, but I think it's better now.
It's friendlier – more relaxed."
D. "I think people today have good manners. Things aren't as bad as some people like to make out. Most
people still queue up for things properly and drivers usually stop for pedestrians at zebra crossings,
because I think most people realize that life's nicer that way. I must admit that people are generally more
impatient and less considerate on the roads, but on the whole I think things are all right."
E. Things have certainly changed, but it isn't bad manners. It's all down to equality. Why should I give up
my seat so that a woman can sit down? If women want equality in jobs and things like that, they can't
expect special treatment for other things, can they? I think equality cuts both ways.
F. People today are less polite than they used to be. This is the view of Dr Andrew St. George of Oxford
University, who has just completed a book on modern social behavior. As the title, The Descent of
Manners suggests, he believes that manners have deteriorated since Victorian times. For example, people
these days eat while they are walking down the street. They kiss and embrace in public. They push on to
buses and trains. Men don't open doors for women their seat on a crowded train. The Victorians, Dr St
George says, would be horrified at modern behavior. We went out on to the streets to find out what people
think about his ideas .Here are some opinions that we heard.

ANSWER:
1.F 2.C 3. B 4.E 5. D 6.A

C. Read and choose the best answer:

Political science, the rational analysis of systems of government, their organization, functions, and
policies, first originated In the Western world with Niccolo Machiavelli, a citizen of the Italian city state
of Florence in the late 15" century.
At the time the only school of political thought was that of the Church, which was highly
idealistic and more concerned with theological musings and preserving the tenets of the faith than in

the practical operation of government. Machiavelli rejected this approach arguing that stability and
order were more important than moral considerations. It was therefore justifiable for a ruler to use any
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means necessary to gain and maintain the power necessary to establish order. According to Machiavelli,
rulers should not be constrained by traditional notions of morality and virtue. This gave rise to the
famous quote "The ends justify the means." It is doubtful that Machiavelli ever actually uttered these
words, but they sum up his views accurately.
In his greatest work, The Prince, Machiavelli outlines the methods which a ruler should employ to
gain and maintain power by identifying the qualities an effective ruler must possess. First a ruler must be
willing to learn from and imitate the great rulers of the past. When Machiavelli spoke of the great rulers of
the past, he mostly meant the great Roman emperors, whom he admired for their cunning and often
ruthless application of power. Second a ruler must be able to justify his rule to the public. Machiavelli
claimed that no ruler could achieve power and maintain stability unless the public saw that they were
better off with him than without him. A ruler also had to be a devoted student of the art of war.
Machiavelli saw warfare as an essential element of statecraft, and believed that the ruler who had no skill
in war was doomed. Machiavelli also claimed that a ruler must be willing to cast away thoughts of
morality and do whatever necessary to hold on to power, including resorting to murder, corruption, and
torture. Finally, Machiavelli claimed that a ruler must never be hated. This may seem hard to square with
his advice regarding murder and torture, but what Machiavelli meant was that even though a ruler must
sometimes engage in ruthless behavior, he must also maintain an outward facade of virtue.
Machiavelli's views have always been controversial. The Church immediately repudiated him and
placed The Prince on its list of banned books. Despite this, knowledge of his works spread throughout
Europe and sparked a heated debate that spawned the study we now know as political science. [A] Jean
Bodin a French political theorist around 50 years after Machiavelli, supported his views. [B] Bodin’s
ideas heavily influenced by Machiavelli led to the theory of the divine right of kings and is
subsequent use to justify the rule of absolute monarchs in the 17
th
century, and were taken up by

later political thinkers as well. [C] In various forms, this theory has been used to justify various forms
of authoritarianism, from the dictatorship of Napoleon to the fascist governments of Italy and Germany
during World War II. [D]
Giovanni Botero, however, strongly opposed Machiavelli's ideas. He argued that the system of
government Machiavelli proposed simply did not work. In its place he suggested that a ruler should
behave more as if he had a contract with his subjects. According to Botero, the power of a ruler rested on
the consent of the people and he should therefore rule justly. Botero's refutation of Machiavelli's ideas
greatly influenced later liberal political theorists such as John Locke and Adam Smith. Their ideas in turn
gave rise to the idea of the "power of the people," which has inspired any number of revolutions, from the
American Revolution to the communist revolutions of the 20'" century. Thus, Machiavelli's ideas helped
to spark a debate that has colored nearly every political theory since his time, the debate over whether
power truly rests with the ruler or the people.

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in paragraph 2? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
A. At the time only the Church taught highly idealistic politicians who were interested in their
faith rather than the operation of government.
B. At the time the only political doctrine was that of the Church, which gave more thought to
religious matters than the function of the state.
C. At the time the tenets of Church faith were highly idealistic and were an Ineffective school
of political thought.
D. At the time the only form of political thought was that of the Church, which did not offer
practical solutions to the operation of the government.
2. According to paragraph 2, what did Machiavelli believe was the most important function of
government?
A. The protection of the Christian Faith
B. The preservation of order and stability
C. The accumulation of greater power
D. The casting aside of traditional morality

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3. The word constrained in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. limited B. judged C. educated D. chosen
4. According to paragraph 3, all of the following are aspects of Machiavelli's ideal leader EXCEPT
A. the willingness to commit immoral acts to hold on to power
B. knowledge of combat strategy and tactics
C. the ability to appear good even when committing cruel acts
D. the ability to rule even in the face of popular opposition
5. According to paragraph 3, Machiavelli admired the Roman emperors because
A. they had conquered huge territories through war
B. they held on to power for long periods
C. they exemplified his idea of amoral rule
D they had been willing to Imitate great leaders before them.
6. The word square in the passage is closest in meaning to
A shape B. reconcile c formulate D. believe
7. The word repudiated in the passage is closest in meaning to
A denounced B. convicted C. acknowledged D. punished
8. Why does the author discuss Jean Bodin and Giovanni Botero in paragraphs 4 and 5?
A. To illustrate that Machiavelli's ideas were discussed despite the Church's ban on his book
B. To exemplify the divisions that Machiavelli's ideas created in Italian society
C To introduce the effects that Machiavelli's ideas had on later political thought
D. To explain both the positive and negative effects of Machiavelli's ideas
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence
in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A. Bodin's ideas, borrowed from Machiavelli, were responsible for the claim that absolute
monarchs were divinities, an idea taken up by later political thinkers.
B. Bodin's ideas, stemming from those of Machiavelli, led to the theories used to justify

tyrannical kings, and influenced later political thinkers.
C. Bodin's ideas were the same as those of Machiavelli concerning the divine right of kings,
and he influenced later political thinkers.
D. Machiavelli's influence on Bodin and later political thinkers is seen in the Justification of
the absolute monarchs of the 17'" century.
10. Based on the information In paragraphs 4 and 5, what can be inferred about Machiavellian
political theory?
A. It is not widely ascribed to in Catholic nations.
B. It most often gains favor in autocratic governments.
C. It was last used in fascist politics.
D. Its study is banned in both democratic and communist nations.
11. According to paragraph 5, what did Botero base his refutation of Machiavelli's ideas on?
A. The immorality of Machiavellian politics
B. The supremacy of human laws over natural law
C. The impracticality of Machiavellian politics
D. His preference for the theories of John Locke
12. The word consent in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. consideration B. welfare C. agreement D. generosity
13. Look at the four squares [•] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage.





Bodin felt that rulers were above any human laws and were only bound by the laws of
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nature.

Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [•] to add the sentence to the passage.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in
the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not
presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Political thought independent of the Church first originated in the West with Niccolo
Machiaveilin
A. Machiavelli was inspired to develop his theories by the poor governmental practices of the
Church.
B. Machiavelli rejected idealism in government and believed that stability is of paramount
importance to the state.
C. Machiavelli outlined his political theories by describing the perfect ruler, who, among other
things, operated completely independently of moral considerations.
D. Many other Machiavelli's ideas are seemingly incompatible, and this is the reason the
Church rejected him.
E. The controversy sparked by Machiavelli's ideas led to the development of some of the most
important concepts in political science.
F. Machiavelli's ideas were most famously used in the American and communist revolutions,
which stressed the power of the people.

Answer key:
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. [B] 14. B, C, E

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IV. Writing:
A. The chart below shows estimated world literacy rates by region and by gender for the year 2000.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
You should write at least 150 words.


( outline: for discussion)
B. Write an essay that ends with this remark “The mass media have become more important these
days” Your essay should be about 250 words long.


(outline: for discussion)
C. The graphs show enrolment in different colleges in the Higher Colleges of Technology in 1999.
Write a total of 150 - 200 words about the information in the three graphs.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given.
You should write at least 150 words.
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(Outline for discussion)