BÀI GIẢNG 5: CHIẾN LƯỢC TRONG QUYẾT ĐỊNH GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI doc

GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT
GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT
LECTURE 5: DECISION STRATEGIES IN
TRANSPORTATION
Agenda
Agenda
1 Factors constraining vehicle utilization
2 Reasons for declining density and stack
ability road freight
3 Strategies to improve vehicle utilization
4 Summary
1 Factors constraining vehicle
1 Factors constraining vehicle
utilization
utilization

Demand fluctuation: variability of demand
over time is one the main causes of
underutilization of vehicle.

Just in time delivery: the replenishment of
supplies in smaller quantities more often
within a short time tend to depress vehicle
load factor

Unreliability of time schedule: where
schedules are unreliable, it is hard to
arrange backhaul or more complex
collection and delivery routes
1 Factors constraining vehicle
1 Factors constraining vehicle

utilization
utilization

Vehicle size and weight restrictions: for
example, some vehicles still have space
but already reached maximum weight.

Handling requirements: many company
sacrifice vehicle utilization for handling
efficiency.

Incompatibility of vehicles and products:
some products needs special handling to
be transported by vehicle. E.g petrol, gaz
1 Factors constraining vehicle
1 Factors constraining vehicle
utilization
utilization

Health and safety regulations

Capacity constraints at company premises: often
the size of load is constrained by the available
storage

Lack of knowledge of back-loading and load
consolidation opportunities: many of these
opportunities are missed because carriers are
simply unaware of them.


Poor coordination of the purchasing, sales and
logistics functions: opportunities for back-loading
are hardly discussed in trade negotiation between
two companies
2 Reasons for declining density and
2 Reasons for declining density and
stack ability road freight
stack ability road freight

Change in nature of the product e.g
product becomes lighter because of new
material

Increase in packaging.

Greater use of unitized handling
equipment

Declining rigidity

Order picking of palletized loads

Tightening health and safety regulations
3 Strategies to improve vehicle
3 Strategies to improve vehicle
utilization
utilization
Increase return loading

Logistical initiatives


Use of freight procurement services: some
agents are more efficient at freight
procurement service.

Installation of vehicle tracking systems:
advances in IT and telecommunication support
the back-loading of truck

Reverse logistics: an increasing proportion of
products is travelling back along the supply
chain for repair, reuse, recycling or
manufacture.
3 Strategies to improve vehicle
3 Strategies to improve vehicle
utilization
utilization
Maximize the available carrying capacity

Maximum vehicle weight: carry items
as much as possible, eliminate waste of
space in delivery.

Vehicle size and design: size and design
must allow maximum carry capacity.
Some special products must have
specific design vehicle e.g petrol, gas,
chemicals
3 Strategies to improve vehicle
3 Strategies to improve vehicle

utilization
utilization
Use more space-efficient handling systems and
packaging

Choice of loading method: appropriate loading
method for specific product.

Pallet dimensions: eliminate space waste

Stacking height: increase stacking height

Modular loads: packing orders into modules of
varying height

Shape and dimensions of product packaging:
food cans in square can save more space in
round shape
4 Summary
4 Summary

Transport optimization is now being used to
describe efforts to maximize vehicle utilization.

Efficient transport optimization can save fuel
cost, driver shortages, traffic congestion and
environmental impacts

Many factors constraint the vehicle utilization in
daily practices


Efficient transport strategies can improve
transport utilization by maximizing the available
carrying capacity and use of space efficient
handling system.