TOEIC GRAMMAR 1

TOEIC GRAMMAR 1
1.AUXILIARY VERBS
A. Will : be willingto; intend to
. I will open the door for you
. I will be there at .8:00
B. shall : intent to(formal);have decided to
. Where shall we sit?
. We shall ask the comittee
C.May/can: be possible to do
. Can fish live in the river?
. It may rain tomorrow.
D.Can/could/may: be allowed to do
. May I have one?
. You can take both of them
E. Must: be neccesary;be logically certain
Note negative = cannot/ can’t , must not
. This step must be next
. It must be be her purse
F. Must/ have to:be required to do
. Everyone must be on time
. The have to work late
G. Should/ ought to/ had better: be obliged
. you shoud call her
. We ought to get there early
H. shoud have/could have+p.p: was not true;did not happen
.She should have read the book
. They could have won, but they didn’t
I. Used to/ would:did in the past
. We used to talk every day
. In the spring, I would plant flowers.
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2.TENSES
1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: Thì hiện tại đơn
I, We, You, They, plural Noun + V
1
+ O.
He, she, It, Name, singular Noun + V -s / -es + O.
Khi thấy các trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên (adverb of frequency) như :
always (luôn luôn), usually (thường thường), often (thường), frequently
(thường xuyên), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng), occasionally, seldom (hiếm khi),
rarely (ít khi), never (không bao giờ), every (day, week, month … hàng ngày,
tuần, tháng …) , once a week, twice a day, . . . thì ta chia động từ trong ngoặc
ở thì hiện tại đơn. Xét xem chủ từ số nhiều hay số ít tuỳ theo mà thêm “S /
ES” hay giữ nguyên động từ. ( động từ tận cùng bằng SS, SH, TCH, X. O,
Z thì ta thêm ES nếu chủ từ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít . Hoặc động từ tận cùng
bằng một phụ âm + Y thì ta đổi thành IES nếu chủ từ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít .)
2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
I + am
We / you / they/ plural Noun + are V-ing
+ O.
He / she / it / name / singular Noun + is
Khi thấy các chữ : now, at present, at the moment, while, Hurry up! , Look!
thì ta chia động từ ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn. Nhớ phải mượn động từ TO BE
rồi mới lấy động từ trong ngoặc thêm “ING”.
3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
I, we, you, they, Plural Noun + Have + V
3
/ V-ed +
O.
He, she it, Tên, Singular Noun + Has + V
3

/ V-ed +
O.
Dấu hiệu : just, recently, already, not . . . yet, never, ever, since + điểm thời
gian, for + khoảng thời gian, before, lately, so far, It’s the first time, Up to
now, How long…
4. PAST SIMPLE TENSE: Thì quá khứ đơn
S + V
2
/ V-ed + O.
Khi ta thấy các chữ Last, yesterday, ago, in 1990, when I was a child, this
morning, … thì ta chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì này(thêm ED hoặc chọn
động từ bất quy tắc ở cột 2)
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
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We, You, They, plural Noun + were + V-
ing + O.
He, She, It, I, Tên , singular Noun + was + V-
ing + O.
 Diễn tả một hành động đang thực hiện dở dang trong quá khứ tại một
thời điểm được đề cập đến. (at + thời gian + this morning / yesterday /
last night, at that time)
Ex: This time last year I was living in Brazil.
 Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành
động khác xẩy ra.
S + was / were + V-ing + O when S+ V
2
/
V-ed + O.
While + S + was / were + V-ing + O, S + V
2

/ V-ed
+ O.
Ex: Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me.
I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.
6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Subject + had + V
3
/ V-ed + Object.
Diễn tả một hành động xong trước hành động khác trong quá khứ.
After + QKHT, QKĐ hoặc QKĐ + after QKHT
Before QKĐ , QKHT hoặc QKHT + before QKĐ
Ex: I had eaten dinner before I went to the evening class.
After I had finished the class, I came home at once.
7. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: Thì tương lai đơn
I, We + will / shall + V
1
+ O.
He, she, it you, they + will + V
1
+ O.
Khi thấy các chữ như: Tomorrow, in 2010, the day after tomorrow, next
week, ta chia động từ ở thì tương lai.
Ex: We will have a test tomorrow morning.
She will visit you next Sunday.
8. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn
S + will + be + V-ing + O.
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai
theo sự tưởng tượng.
Ex: By this time next Sunday I will be swimming at the beach.
9. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Thì tương lai hoàn thành

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S + will / shall + have + V
3
/ V-ed + O.
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ được hoàn tất tại một thời điểm trong tương lai
theo tưởng tượng.
Ex: I intend to build this house during 3 months. I have built it for 2 months.
So, I will have finished it by next month.
10 – THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE: Thì tương lai gần
Subject + is / am / are + going + to + V
1
+
Object.
Diễn tả một dự đònh hay một việc chắc chắn sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai.
PRACTICE: Fill in the blank with the correct tense of verb in brackets:
1. Busses ___________(pass) my house every day.
2. We _______________________(live) here since 1990.
3. He always _____________ (help) his father to plant the trees in the
garden.
4. They ____________________ (ride) home from school now.
5. She ________________ (fly) to New York tomorrow.
6. By the time next year, they ________________ (buy) a new house.
7. They have kissed their mother before they ____________ (leave) home
for school.
8. I __________ (go) to Dalat last week and I have stayed there for five
days.
9. She sometimes ___________ (cut) her husband’s hair.
10. They rarely ________________ (remember) his address.
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3.INF. AND GERUNDS

1. Verbs followed by “Bare infinitive”:
Let + (Obj)
Make + (Obj)
Would rather
Had better
Can / could
Will / would + Bare infinitive (V1)
Shall / should
May / might
Ought to
Be able to
Be going to
Need to
Needn’t
Have to / must
Have + somebody
Do / does / did
Used to
Ex: Let me see.
The clown made us laugh a lot.
You’d rather not behave like that.
You needn’t photo this report.
He used to smoke heavily but now he is a nonsmoker.
2. Verbs followed by “To infinitive”:
Ex: I would like a cup of tea, please.
Would you like to drink coffee? – Yes, please. / No, thank you.
Would you like to go to the shops with me?
Một số động từ thường được theo sau bởi “to infinitive” :
Attempt agree ask arrange
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Subject + WOULD LIKE + to infinitive + Object.
Noun
Aim appear choose claim: đòi hỏi
Be (là phải) beg decline decide
Demand declare determine expect
Fail forget hesitate remind
Hope learn manage offer
Plan prepare promise prove
Intend refuse seem remind
Tend tell want volunteer
3. Verbs followed by “Gerund”:

Ex: She doesn’t like eating out.
Do you like fishing? – No, I don’t. I like boating.
Does he like a big breakfast?
Một số động từ được theo sau bởi Gerund
To be used to to be worth to be no good to be no use
There’s no point in what’s the point of can’t stand / help can’t bear
Avoid admit consider delay
Deny detest dislike like
Dread enjoy escape fancy
Finish forgive hate imagine
Keep love mean miss
Mind postpone practice permit
Remember resist regret risk
Stop start suggest object to
Quit mind prepositions (in, on, of, about . . .)
4. Verbs followed by Gerund or To Infinitive:
a. Regret, remember, forget + V-ing : Nhớ đã làm rồi.
+ To infinitive : nhớ để mà đi làm.

Ex: I regret spending so much money.
We regret to inform you that you have failed this exam.
I didn’t forget to clock the door ( = I locked the door)
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Subject + LIKE + noun.
V-ing + (object).
I forgot clocking the door and left you inside.
If you go out, remember to post these letters.
Do you remember clocking the door before leaving home?
b. Advise, allow, permit, recommend + obj + to infinitive
+ V-ing
Ex: My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.
They don’t allow going into that room.
I am not allowed to go out at night.
c. Stop + to Inf : dừng lại để làm gì
+ V-ing : bỏ luôn, nghỉ luôn
Ex: He stops __________ (smoke) but the wind is so
strong.
So, He can’t do it.
My father stopped ___________ (smoke) 2 years ago.
d. Try To Inf ( cố gắng để làm gì đó)
V-ing ( thử làm để kiểm tra, thử nghiệm)
Ex: I was very tired. I tried _______ (keep) my eyes open but I couldn’t.
I had a terrible headache and I tried _______ (take) an aspirin but it
didn’t help.
5 . HAVE: Causative form and purpose
Have / has
had somebody + V
1
. . .

Subject + Be having something + V
3
/ V-
ed . . .
Will have
get
Ex: We have a porter carry our luggage this morning.
We have our luggage carried by a porter this morning.
Subject + Have / has + something + to V
1
. . .
(có việc gì đó phải làm . . .)
Ex: A: Would you like to go out for a drink tonight?
B: Sorry, I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do this evening.
Put the correct form of the verb in the parentheses.
1. He made me_________ (do) it all over again.
2. He wants me __________ (go) with him.
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3. I prefer ___________ (drink) tea to coffee.
4. She can ___________ (sing) quite well.
5. Would you like ___________ (go) now or shall we __________ (wait) till
the end?
6. After ___________ (hear) that story, we dare not to go out.
7. I used to __________ (live) in a caravan.
8. We enjoy ____________ (go) on a trip with our classmates.
9. You ought _________ (go) today.
10.You needn’t __________ (say) anything.
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4.PARTICIPLE (Phân từ) CLAUSES
CHÚ Ý:

- Khi Participle là một tác tố thì ta dùng dạng –ing
Ex: The game tired the player.
-> The tiring game (tác tố)
- Khi Participle không phải là một tác tố thì ta dùng dạng -ed
Ex: The game tired the player
-> The tired player (không phải là tác tố)
1. PARTICIPLE CLAUSES:
A. Khi hai hành động xảy ra cùng lúc:
Ex: He suddenly went out shouting.
B.Khi hành động xảy ra bất chợt trong một quá trình khác:
Ex: She hurt herself cooking dinner.
C. Giải thích cho mệnh đề chính:
Ex: Feeling tired, she went to bed early.
2. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE : Được dùng như một tính từ hay trạng từ để
bổ nghóa cho danh từ, đại từ; làm trạng ngữ chỉ cách thức, thời gian,
nguyên nhân, điều kiện, phương tiện.
V-ing , Being P.P , P.P , Having P.P , Having been P.P
Ex: The man standing near the front door is Mr. Snow.
(who is standing)
Having finished my work, I sat down to rest.
(After I had finished)
I feel my heart beating.
(which is beating)
While working on a farm, these students helped us a lot.
(While these students were working)
He jumped over the rope extended across the street.
(which was extended)
3. GERUND PHRASE : is a phrase containing a gerund ( a word formed
from a verb and used as a noun)
Gerund can be : Subj, the subjective complement, direct object,

complement of a preposition, appositive.
Ex: The sweet singing of birds delights us.
Seeing is believing.
Jack enjoys fishing.
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This tool is used for drilling.
My favourite exercise, playing tennis, is very good for my health.
Notes: Ñöøng nhaàm laãn Gerund vôùi present participle.
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5.NEGATION (no/not) AND PARALLEL
STRUCTURES
(PAGE 28 - STARTER TOEIC BOOK)
No or Not
A. Sử dụng No như một tính từ (bổ nghóa cho danh từ) : No time; no money;
no choice.
B. Sử dụng Not như một trạng từ: Not going; not busy; not tired
C. Sử dụng Not hoặc Never sau trợ động tư hoặc Do/Does:
Ex: He will not arrive today.
You should never eat there.
She does not know him.
D. Đặt Not trước động từ không giới hạn, to Infinitives, Gerunds, và phân từ.
Ex: He prefers not talking the bus to work.
In order not to fail again, you should work harder.
Not knowing what to do, he just stood still.
E. Tránh dùng phủ đònh hai lần khi không cần thiết.
Ex: She does not have no money. (sai)
She does not have any money. (đúng)
F. Không sử dụng Not/ No cùng với: Hardly/seldom/ scarcely/ less/ unless.
Ex: We could not hardly understand the situation. (sai)
We could hardly understand the situation. (đúng)

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6.COMPARISON
1. CÁC BẬC SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ HOẶC TRẠNG TỪ:
a - Comparison of equality :
S
1
+ V + AS + adjective/ adverb + AS + S
2
(V) /
O.
Ex: She is as tall as her mother (is).
He is as intelligent as his brother (is).
I drive as carefully as he (is) / him.
b - Inferiority:
S
1
+ V + NOT + AS / SO + adjective/ adverb + AS + S
2
(V) / O.
(don’t / doesn’t V
1
)
S
1
+ V + LESS + long adjective/ adverb + THAN + S
2
.
Ex: She is not so tall as her mother.
He drives less carelessly than she does / her.
c - Comparison:

S
1
+ V + Short adjective –ER + THAN + S
2
(V) /
O.
Short adverb - ER
Ex: He is taller than me.
I play the organ better than him.
He types faster than me.
His sister is younger than my sister.
My shoes are newer than hers.
S
1
+ V + MORE + Long adjective + THAN + S
2
(V) /
O.
Long adverb
Ex: I drive more carefully than him.
Peter is more intelligent than Mary.
We run more slowly than those students (do).
d - Superlative:
S + V + Short adjective –EST + IN / OF + noun phrase.
THE MOST + Long adj
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in my class.
He is the fastest worker in my company.
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Tom is the most careless driver that I’ve ever known.
e - Irregular adjectives:

Good / well better best Tốt
Bad / badly worse worst tồi tệ, xấu
Many/ Much more most nhiều
Little less least ít
Old older / elder oldest / eldest già, cũ
Far farther / further farthest / furthest xa, hơn nữa
2. SO SÁNH KÉP:
The + Tính từ so sánh hơn + S + V, The + Tính từ so sánh
hơn + S + V.
short Adjective – ER short Adjective – ER
MORE long Adjective MORE long Adjective
Ex: “What size of box do you want?” - “The bigger the better.”
“What time will we leave?” - “The sooner the better.”
The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.
The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive.
The more expensive the hotel is, the better service is.
The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
The more you have, the more you want.
II. Complete the sentences. Use the comparative of the words in brackets +
(THAN)
1. Sorry I’m late. It took me _____________ to get here ___________ I
expected. (long)
2. My toothache is _____________________ it was yesterday. (painful)
3. She looks about 20, but in fact she is much ________________ she looks.
(old)
4. The problem is not so complicated. It’s ______________________ you
think. (simple)
5. You speak English _____________________ you did when we last met.
(fluently)
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6. Health and happiness are ______________________________ money.
(important)
7. We always go camping trip. It’s much _____________________ staying in
the hotel. (cheap)
8. I like living in the countryside. It’s ________________ and
______________________ living in a town. (healthy / peaceful)
9. Today is a little ____________________ it was yesterday. (warm)
10.You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit __________________
(slowly)?
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7.AGREEMENT
SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
Plural verb form: ARE, WERE, HAVE, V1 (go, want, …)
Singular verb form: IS, WAS, HAS, Vs , Ves (goes, does, watches, loves,
wants, …)
1. Hai danh từ đếm được nối với nhau bằng chữ “AND” ta chia động từ ở số
nhiều
Countable Noun + and + Countable Noun
Plural Verb.
Ex: Book and Note-book are (be) put on the table.
Peter and Mary are playing chess.
2. Hai danh từ không đếm được chỉ cùng một món ăn hoặc 2 phrases nối với
nhau bằng chữ “AND” ta chia động từ ở số ít.
Uncountable Noun + and + Uncountable Noun
Singular Verb.
Phrase + and + Phrase Singular
Verb.
Ex: Bread and milk is (be) delicious.
Early to bed and early to rise makes (make) a man healthy, wealthy and
wise.

3. Số đếm đi trứơc chữ “POUNDS, KILOS, MILES, DAYS, MONTHS,
WEEKS, YEARS” chia động từ ở dạng số ít.
Cardinal number + POUNDS, KILOS, MILES
Singular verb.
Ex: Ten pounds is (be) as much as I give you.
Four months is (be) a long time to wait.
It is (be) Two miles to the station.
4. Chú ý chữ A number of hay The number of
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