Nghiên cứu từ vựng trong tiếng anh 1 pdf

predominate/predominant
PREDOMINATE/PREDOMINANT
“Predominate” is a verb: “In the royal throne room, the color red predominates.” “Predominant” is an
adjective: “The predominant view among the touts is that Fancy Dancer is the best bet in the third
race.”
See also
predominately.
List of errors
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predominately
PREDOMINATELY
PREDOMINANTLY
“Predominantly” is formed on the adjective “predominant,” not the verb “predominate.” See predominate/predominant.
List of errors
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preemptory
PREEMPTORY
PEREMPTORY
“Peremptory” (meaning “imperative” ) is often misspelled and mispronounced “preemptory” through confusion caused by the influence of the verb
“preempt,” whose adjectival form is actually “preemptive.” “Preemptory” exists only as an obscure legal term you’re not likely to have use for.
List of errors
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preferably
PREFERABLY
Although some U.S. dictionaries now recognize the pronunciation of “preferably” with the first two
syllables pronounced just like “prefer”—first “E” long and and the stress on the second syllable—the
standard pronunciation is “PREFFerublee,” with the first syllable stressed, just like in “preference.”
The alternative pronunciation sounds awkward to some people.
List of errors
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prejudice/prejudiced

PREJUDICE/PREJUDICED
People not only misspell “prejudice” in a number of ways, they sometimes say “he’s prejudice” when
they mean “he’s prejudiced.”
See also “
bias/biased.”
List of errors
file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/prejudice.html03/09/2005 15:39:26
premier/premiere
PREMIER/PREMIERE
These words are, respectively, the masculine and feminine forms of the word for “first” in French;
but they have become differentiated in English. Only the masculine form is used as an adjective, as in
“Tidy-Pool is the premier pool-cleaning firm in Orange County.” The confusion arises when these
words are used as nouns. The prime minister of a parliamentary government is known as a “premier.”
The opening night of a film or play is its “premiere.”
“Premiere” as a verb is common in the arts and in show business (“the show premiered on PBS” ),
but it is less acceptable in other contexts ("the state government premiered its new welfare system” ).
Use “introduced,” or, if real innovation is involved, “pioneered.”
List of errors
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premise/premises
PREMISE/PREMISES
Some people suppose that since “premises” has a plural form, a single house or other piece of
property must be a “premise,” but that word is reserved for use as a term in logic meaning something
assumed or taken as given in making an argument. Your lowly one-room shack is still your premises.
List of errors
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prepone
PREPONE
South Asian speakers have evolved the logical word “prepone” to mean the opposite of “postpone":
to move forward in time. it’s a handy word, but users of it should be aware that those unfamiliar with

their dialect will be baffled by this word.
List of errors
file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/prepone.html03/09/2005 15:39:26
prepositions (repeated)
PREPOSITIONS (REPEATED)
In the sentence “Alex liked Nancy, with whom he shared his Snickers bar with” only one “with” is
needed—eliminate either one. Look out for similarly duplicated prepositions.
Incidentally, an often-cited example of this pattern is from Paul McCartney’s Live and Let Die: “In
this ever-changing world in which we live in”; but if you listen closely, you’ll hear instead a quite
correct “In this ever-changing world in which we’re livin’.” Americans have a hard time hearing the
soft British “R” in “we’re.”
List of errors
file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/preprepeat.html03/09/2005 15:39:27
prepositions (wrong)
PREPOSITIONS (WRONG)
One of the clearest indications that a person reads little and doesn’t hear much formal English is a
failure to use the right preposition in a common expression. You aren’t ignorant to a fact; you’re
ignorant of it. Things don’t happen on accident, but by accident (though they do happen “on
purpose” ). There are no simple rules governing preposition usage: you just have to immerse yourself
in good English in order to write it naturally.
See also
different than/different from/to.
List of errors
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prescribe/proscribe
PRESCRIBE/PROSCRIBE
You recommend something when you prescribe it, but you forbid it when you proscribe it. The
usually positive function of “pro-” confuses many people.
List of errors
file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/prescribe.html03/09/2005 15:39:27