Điện Biên Phủ - Điểm hẹn lịch sử pps

 Võ Nguyên Giáp
MỤC LỤC









!





"#"
Võ Nguyên Giáp

Chương 1
$%&'()*+,
/012345678982:&;8/<827 =8>8?@<+6AB8C1/7
9:+D8EF64</G645HI84</:24A1>4JK=1L8EHI886MANO
/0/MP/Q/LHO08G61>CRG61>  :
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
@IST08S4?HI8;)EB/):&U8238E68EH24VO)EB/)12
WAC38E6X8+6:QMN/04Y9M3/D6ZJDP/Q40[P/M=
4J8E6HA\1[4;=8E084]8C1>E0T8^4_284^
S288E:+3//0123686`]MM3/42;`8Ua)EB/)N`]M;42
;`:K088_6I=P/Q40I)EB/)4583b/^&2)N=VSTS<

C4]846aB+6:+!NM6/=1P/Q68Scd4eH0+Qf/Mgh
Oi=8UP/Q40I)EB/)H/0SV6TEj8/:k/Qcd1>DTl8H
8EAm8/M3Nn838C>2S#"=4opY6C0ONQpQ)E/&O6=H/0qV
STP/Q)E/k/^SV68S:k/QANpQI)EB/)GAC[/MP/Q
)E/k/^=4J#f>A454LMGP/QcdANB/C4rABH16Am
8/M3:&67P/6=/038E6a)EB/)psE6pCU8938E64_<=
D8EF4]/S2OpYAGE?jAm8/M3=AND8EF426/8E1>:k/6B/
<4Y9=cd458]MS2OH=bo87=2MH6M4;6U1>8N/838EO
/04^4</AC9;P/QZ62Cb50m6=A838FS8088B4r
8^0a>tNA>G1T17=H/0SV8U21388j38E6:
+QpS2_P/^46HNVS2SO38E6)EB/)=8EO[C2S;
b/]8u13AB08/04B/4U:+NM827 =vHof6E>gvHoE8@6EE6/8i=
Z/8ONP/MB>w=TEx4QMN08^8]8jNM4VP/M38A]4B>w
AC_yN4B/4U]8=m6NAC&r[c`:@^4>_2S8?Q/45/Ex
/MAYn6HU8ZZ68&r[c:+4TNn6HU8Ea40FS
AN8^]86X8+6NC<P/MB2S8EOD7P/668]MH/0SV
]SF:
2S1>n49/4Z2l38E6bQJ45P/21zOpN:+12AC
38E6)EB/)=[P/MB2S68]MTU4opY6^SFP/QAs46N
AG8E_=AGH=AN</38D8NS^C8EH24VO>w:+/M"S4e
r>f/Q ! 45P/6:XCZjS4{T;8?HON=`P/Q4ON823`
gOESpoH686oi64^S|1>AJ8P/6O^4;4ONH0H48/<:k/Q
AsA}1>SV44</ACbo87=2MH6M=8N/3=S2O6Ob;ANS2Ol84]8
4;:&YK<4^STAC38E6p/1[8E38E_4rH~=D40P/Q
•8_A0A5Ej8/1DH4ON40b/]8:@9;64^SN82
3aAGE?j:+€3JO[`\4598•/P/V2SA}nB/
1V787_ZJH~2bQMpZP/Q402P/^6138=ANHe/D
8E6H4;pOcdA8EJ:qC]P/MB2S4538MAYN38I=A}
8n48_6AN4B/148U21388jTJ=8oO2YYN`^8O28p6pZ`:
 Võ Nguyên Giáp

cd1>8H•l2Sa>w:+NM827 =8EO/0lSO;8Ea
cd46z8g•O‚O8oEw/oi8;.68=4>gqoOEop6/8i=H08EaO;6O2S
TR`j8>1>883S8"/08FS8Z08U=8/Mj8>\1>
/^?;H~H]812NO:lH8=1>T4B/4U8EZ83SAC&r[c`:+0
22S1OV:+D_1383S<4</A}8/0S2D/:
+j8645pZ4O2=3/8UU)EB/)8;e4=cd|prDƒZ^0
ANO>w:
+NM827 =88C[SHGU+/MsX7)Q4J)e8^
vbo6Ogw„8w:-oO„oEi_6&O6,…:/^82=vbo6OP/M384pN!!
8E/4>6O>w4`8e908P/Q40X8+68ZZ`:2S4BcdA8EJ
!8E/4>6O1T6 =AN4J]SF8E/:cd967 |87A8EJ
O2S8;>w]S4>:cd\/M6OO2SB/8E6H=A\1[=8EO
4TT2MH6MAN8N/32O;:
+NM827 =S4?HIa)EB/)4J1u8;Nc>3:&7E
+6A6g&oE+6A6EEoi8C@NqnNM 827 :)?1HF84</38E6=C2S
45HLM<He8eK/M40P/QAs:)>K8OP/686/8U/
6MABA8CNM:j86KH384JE]8[8:+6A6N8CH^6O=8/e=/M86
/8Ea"P/Q2S8/01^I;)QMw4Ta)E/Q/+6A6458?S"8E2
>828UH2OSV28EOP/Q402S=ANK/M084ON8382S:2O[C
)QM6J+6A608`p68C`T8€/^I;8UU>w`:
+NM82=+6A68Ea;6E:K6/08829/8UU8;ƒ=+6A645T
0813O;48EU8EC&04r)6/8EAN&04rk/^Sn8^6O2S:#<
4</8EO38E6>w=088eK/MT13O;3JABP/QZ~N
38I8EO67:+6A645QM4J]8J8^88EOCP/QZAN[8E2S:)E
H2O[2S;b/]88?=38I`45H3]8GAC_#28gwo#688Eopo)6Mi:
B/P/68EY=13O;+6A64Jcd828N:+†KlS8Ea;1H08Ea8N[
>g-p6E‚6/Eoi/E6A8Z813O;SV[8]8N!!8K8E7:c08O^P/2C‡
(&04r)6/8Ea\&04rk/^Sn=_86HNHC8O+6A6
A"HVOAC#NO4BE68EO13O;=4VHC88/:)^3q7g•/i=_
S28>6286/8Ea=];R<8E6OO0+O;6OM/</cdANv

SVHVO4VZ8ONA58e6#NO=4r8_/u#f>AN)E/k/^/Mb/
408P/^83T8psE63/#NOHbQ3:+6A64BSTP/M384ExENH~
A7HV:B/4TP/6438EF=AN|N8^12B/]MZ6/NM:
+NM827 =+6A68Ea;@Nqn:"k/QH2O4JK8]SEj88U/13
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
O;+6A6:
@OACD8Cm2SN86458?lS8EO38E6#zg#ooEi=_#28:::
8U+6A6N0888/eC[8QM]8J:++6A64J4lH8juAUIAC088_1…
C6//03)EB/):X8+6458Ea8NC89_66Sob50m6=
|e084Tp/M]88EO/04^4]/D6>AN)QM:cdII|E6
9jS2S4/^G=]8W2S1•>w:
)?7 !=m68ZpQCHI84</8E6NVaACm68ZpQ\a
AG8;H3:c08^S<80[8EV8oOcd:XCA8E6O`40FS`=`
P/MB`O2P/^6138=bQMpZ08`P/Q40P/^6`H~8BANA\1[cd~
"8/^0=2S454ANOP/28EU/M6O>wOcd:
@6/3p)QMI=/^7 =H04086458FS8E/9/428FS4ON94:)6
F8]M4QMT8N24^ST/^G648EC08/083>8E46UE?
j:+3/p84J8FS4ON94r08^8/4ONP/Q8/6486|8;O
HC/MH3C8EO38E6:V]838E6bQJH/0P/Q4SVSQ
82ZJ48ZA"34T:c088FS4ON94CH8/p8|1zO8oO
ZS2V63J`38E64rH`e46P/QbQJ:
)/M=/^VP/M38088FS4ON94+N@V=ONAEˆ/MH040=8UE6
38/F88[JS=<SVTZ8EJZ68EYS2OANS2O6Ob;4V8AO
6H0408EO088EF42pNNM:)EOP/uh7 =8E/4ONZ/S2O!MpOH;
8E6HAN/]/M45ABC:XA2/M8EYS2O8?XQ+6ABX8ISVpG
Hˆ48oO>&rP/6B/B82:)E/4ON6Ob;M464J]SEj8/LHAB
QZ:)EF42+N@VKT8HI84</ANOG61>76M:j864l8MAYANO8EF
42NM=8EF42VSTON8ONAGE?j)QMI:T8N8EF42HVB6
38E6:
+NM827 =8E_A?6E;2=68/4ONpG2SH]88<VMb/^8b5

#;@@6/4T088/4ONpG12VMb/^#0U8E4_^:+DNM4B/
~Q/8EOF/S86:(8b5#;@=P/Q4G"ANO08^1OA\1[S2
S2EƒA0A5Ej88oO4_^:)C#0U=j138JSAC8/4ONpGa4QM8N08
H4ON=83S8"4ABS[6H_H:c0840P/Q4045834TjaU#FSAC
DboAF8V:)?4QMjNP/QH~CAB)‰:/0NHCSO2
13ZJA\8E6861>1SSV9c]MNM6/=86H384QMN/0NHO
;g&EOpooipO4;824/M/^>gw/O/E6/iK/M:&N4082OH;O6498•
jIIZH^8E[1O2686a088K2SCAC)E/k/^454JVST
8EC4TH67:
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
+NM827 =8>F4JH2O2OP/Q445Ej81•+N@V:c088ON8ON
H]8_‡)ONH0P/Q4Ej8H~4_1>24TH6NM:4451zOUH42?6
86:)]M2MH6MAF8Vb/]8B/=H0404T/P/6+N@V;8a<487
_ZJ44^STAC/083>IS8C:+6A6N8IJ4</8H~08/0
Ej8/:XB6/j86CH38R8FS4ON94+N@V1>4Jp/M8EUAUP/63p@<
+6=T4598•1>T1V77l24;4ONZ686836)J
#NO:
+3/4nH81[6+6A6IANO#;@KI864B6OV2=8U6/14
Ej8P/Q1•+N@V=)eP/QMSV8E6OA"O0)e86/U;8ON"=
9/0813O;COG61>8C:8EA}N4083>:
CT8NVST#6Q/=836VST)J#NO=^BAGCVST
AC7946@]+6:)683S8"9/8e9082P/QA/r=<NMT88?
66SNO426)E/#NO=83b/^&;#NOAUa4QMH;45T7946#NO+612
;:cG61>  KCHI84</:
)Š‹Œ1ANOG61>  =O2ZJABP/Q^=445AJ88612b6:)e
P/Q^64N:!!!_=r:!!!P/Q•/gŽiAN :!!!P/Q"MgŽi:
)eP/Qe686N:!!!_:+AFM=P/Q44>86R :!!!_:ŠP/Q
"M\454>86R:!!!_:
)_68ECI8=P/Q^\8E6H6ZJ86458CC;:XBS[64=AC
966cd7 |87A8EJP/QZO>w]S4>=2Sn1V7

87P/Q^=T8B/A\1[4;ANDS8B8E6C:T8TR
)EO/03^;m643P/^j86|1>H6O_T4JZJAF8]8
;4=1>KEABA\1[=NV^P/Q:)6SV]SF8Z834T48U2
N38I:
#ZJ"864AN86jNM6/R
XBH0H=4T8/4ON:XBS2OH=2ST8/4ON•"MT8/4ON:XB
C=2ST!8E/4ON=8/4ONAN!4;40•"MT8E/4ONAN4;40:XB1>
P/Q=2ST!2MH6M•"MT2MH6M828[AN;XBVP/Q=2ST 
8N=/•"MT!8N/O;•AN8N/>:#ZJ86A}48/<NH0H=r4;
4ON=8E/4ONAN 8/4ON:XBS2OH=86T8E/4ON=8/4ONAN4;40:XB
Sn1>=86T8E/4ONAN8/4ON:
)[8oO^8/4ONH0H=86T8e08/4ONOAC8/4ON64:
38/4ON686NR_•H38/4ON48?!!:!!!_:
)/M=H;H040ZAN46S=8EVC8645T1OV68E/pQP/Q=
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
p/1[:QMNZJ6A\8E6=M3/H2282Nb5=88E]=8NS^aAG8;
H3ANAG8E6]S=4^STACH02MANZJ4N2S=1U1S64=^N=
ƒ8EJ4IZOH040Z8EOƒ8EF42\23p:)oO_2=4QM
[NH98_I8N1•4NO4"ANO\SV86:#ZJNMnN/rHe/
A>GP/u2O40P/QZ:
@ZABP/Q^=A\1[=8E6H1>ON8ONSV29;64>H8EO
/03:8/MT/83AJ88E0ABHZ=38E6QpQ68645NO
P/Q4SVSQ828E1IS238E_:,>Dj1>88FS8E/8ONH0
/834TANO088EF42P/M384=N\64ZJ4a08/083>C
ANO24;4ONZ868EBI:)EO8e^8/4ON64=8U8/4ON45
SV8EZ83SNA"34T=Kn8/4ONNA"4038/F8AN
3J:qN6ZJ404=8/4ON=SV8FS8E/8EBI44^ST
ACZ86:XNO8_4NM=3/8[/8E38E_I0=ZJ86CH~
‘ZJ4g8/4ON‘8/4ONi=8[EZJ403J=8U
ZJ8645AJ84AB^8/4ONg‘i:B/NME]8Tum68EC1HCANO

G61>C:g)6T2/4;4ONH0HR!=!===!=AN68/4ON68E/
4ON8EZ8/00i
cY^I62SANcdA}6V84J8U8362S8EO38E6bQJ:
)QM45E698>A|/0`38E6HL8K/’8N/0`)FS8Z^0`=
A}1>AZ4JZ6j8AB88<6P/QAs=4lH8NP/Q"MjNM
4538KC8EON\4:[1>/34]/O6AN34]/4N
U“)EO14T=D/0K/]=KP/QG6ˆ45Q6OnM/C=88<
4ON13834]/ANu896]S8EOP/Q40=Eˆ/M8AB1d8/F8=38/F8=6
;O2H0=3m88<2O984/634]/FS>:)?7 !=j86A}D
P/MB408E38E_[I0:
&;8/<82[7 =24r[)E/k/^/MO8608HV13O;+6A6AC
VHV4rpOP/68UH2O6H;8/8FS4J:+6A68Ebj83[2C6
[S2SN8E6O`P/MB`AN`40FS`O2P/^6138=~S288E2
`P/Q40P/^6`8N08ZJC;:QMN2p/M]8jS2SVP/M38A]
4BP/Q^83/"8=1>8]M88?[P/^=4r8_8;O4B/1O+6A6]SEj88e
908ZJ403J;48O281•8U8E;SnZH40=838C
N;P/MB408E38E_[:2SpZ6ANOcd483S8"38E6AUJ[
6HV8QU=91>SV4Ocd86M832Sa>w:c/^4JAFM
40P/QAsSVN4J088IaP/QZP/M384:
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
,3O;+6A6AB4;86N6HCR
)EO)/>7 ANG6f/Q7 =D83SnZ3JaBI=8FS
8E/08ZJ40Ca4rH~I044^STAC/083>686•8Z
83>3JaB+6~34TH68K8ZpOa4rH~#1/•4r8_
4LM;AaE0P/Q"MANbQMpZ0840P/Q40C4942H;24;
4ONZ686:
)?)/>7 =6/145ON8ND"8/8E=|pr8ONZE6I=
/M683>3J8E38E_[N8IJCABP/QZ=H/086
SV]SF4B/4U8oOD4B/162S=3/861C8?=P/Q403J
64|8FS8E/YƒZO;8E?Z86:

T4ZJ8Z13O;=+6A68EpGH6HS2SRS288E2`P/Q40
P/^6`8oOP/M>E0C•Ej808H0SFZJ34T87_OZJ
403J•b87A8?2S6:
@6/NM86H388=+6A6pZ8[8e96M8EO7 =8/4ON1P/Q"M=AN
7 =|87ZJNM]S4>=8/4ON:+AFM=P/Q"M|T<!A;=
1>1^P/Q"M~8EOP/QAs:XBZJ403J=+6A6pZ4
8EO8_6  =|bQMpZH4ON40=8EO4TT4ONP/QVMpG:
,3O;+6A6NZ"8T6Du8a6_#284_)28b8EC4QM8N08
8EUN408EO8UUC:>w458Ea8N4Tp/M]88EO38E6
;:+T68<AT3J=8BLD/MQ/pN4^AC86=AN4JcdO
08HC8ZD64r6[U6/8]8H;8;)EB/):2S24ONP/QZ
cd83S43@Nqn=4^8j=228A8Z13O;:X8EJP/QZcdO2S
453ŽS[38E6>w:2SJp"ZjS4{6cd4p/M8EUD
P/MBJ6U8EH24VO:cdpGA8EJ;8p<2S48Ea8N_86M832S:
#jNM=V2SANcdlS6/8EO"8/N0838IP/QZP/M384=H/086
SV]SF1388j/038oOD4B/1pOY4l8E6:
r[Xk/^)6ABCC6=G8>,/)28lS2:@6/1o8EUHNM
13O;64=2TR`+6A6E]8B/86AY=/^N38ICABP/QZ:
/^40=86H/0jSVQANOH40:/^8FS8E/P/Q408U86
T13O;H/0jSVSQ82N42‡€:
)>AN4r[Xk/^)6]88E[aD/083>IANOD38E_
M3/N4M3/=Ol84^M3/=;1>8H•=N28^8]8H/04SV
SQ82ZJ:\]88E[ABC#6Q/=C)E/AN&;#NO:@|6OOP/6
86/HN"8AC2H;#NO0813O;S^JS34]/8EOG61>9/
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
A]4B4B/40ANp"ZJ84^ONK=4468EU/0YS0[8EIS
8C:
+6M6/1F9=+6A645/6OD1L//R`/>/>p0`=`/>/>83
>`:
)EOG6&ˆANG6)/7 =483SaN"/0NP/QNP/z8pDp0

AG8;H3aI0=U)E)AN+60:jE6942S2D79p/
1[=prpQANO21/8FS8E/41O28=S2O;183=AQMHI886ANpGY
84O;48Z13O;aE0P/Q"M:)/M=ZJA\8E6ANQpQ86a
F/445P/o4^STACD/0NP/z8O;NM:c08mP/68EO8eNp6
+6A645Fbz8R`);U)E)827 =8C#H7g#oH6i8e9/0
N:::=>86]8AT1>8/4J138P/VNO:)E/4ON 45Y8P/6ƒATK4;AN
ƒACE2:::+D/0NP/z8aI0:::458/j8DS88^46AN8^8]8=
;K8/4JD138P/V8^8/’“
+DO;8404</898•+6A6N088eK/M740=82OH;O=P/28Z8AN12
P/6#jNM8645I4JG61>  =4|42ANOH68K8ZpO#1/=4
a4<//083>aB+68EO13O;:)EBI=48ED83
SnZ=1>Tm6jK8FS8E/ZJa4rH~_4T/083
>“j86<T13O;S2A{Q/648E38E_VC:@6/14Ej8
1•+N@V=P/686/68645lS1T178EOAYC83>3J:
)EOG6&ˆANG6)/=24;4ONZ83S8"Y8FS38/F8>1AN42AF
40:
XB>1=Y428FS4ON94AN42>ZCgH/1oEi:)?D18/
4Ja&n6U=+N@V=138JSACD16H;=4lH8N3p&ON&V=
j8645F8]MT62428FS=4ON94Rc08N=pG8ONH0ZJ42G
08j:c08\4081[;YQ/ANOaK/M68FS4ON94=^08{
bYANO84=8;OZE^O;6M8?H8EO:+D\12|~D
C4a=424r8_=8;OZE^O;aVH8EOANHON:)6Y4TN2
`426VP/M386`:&6N=8/p8p<8?8E/8Q4s12=8?948?ON
ANO8EO=8/SS;A34TO8Cj41>n912Z:242NM]
088_6/LHAN34]/pNNM8GM8oO1V74^ST64AN9;>
1[686=8_YN`42I83I`=\n4JYN`42HTA•`:k/6Y8FS=
24A45F8]M1>SVH040861>T1V78/p8`O[`:
XBAF40=Y42446AF40OlC3m8EF46T2MH6M=S2OH=
CM0l8|:0404J/M8FS42VH6NMANH64:)E/4ONZ/S2O!
 Võ Nguyên Giáp

M4</8686=r1L/S2OcdAC:!!A4;=45Tl8aIc"=)/Mk/6=
yNFA"34]/QMN•6Z;]86P/Q4086jNM:)E/4ONZ/
S2O~8EO40U64;4ON>S2O:Š8E/4ONS2O6Ob;M=pO#
f>8E6H=C8NFS8?82 7 =KT8Tl8ANO/^7:
@6/8_6Y8FS=HI84</ANOG61>=24A4B/Tn_4_:+
424a4Q/“@/^882)2=P/686/8E78EaACQ/•NM:)E38E_
[I0KT6CN4rH~ANE?j:)668a08/083>Ca
4rH~=+6A645HNMy838EFAN866T1V7;39;62MH6MAN
S2O4:wO4Ta4rH~A}SV83N38E6p/1[138JSACAF4042•
6H040Z:naE?j“)E8ONH0AG8Jp/S[6HI=KT6NP/Q
4a#6Q/:,><8C08ZJC48/p8^P/QNM:T8a83S083
pa)J#NO“+6/1VST@]+6=8/M34_83S83A^45b6;Nb6:
XN\1>846S<C24;4ONZ6866)J#NO=8EOjN6^
P/Q406+6A6468FS8E/a4rH~yN1682ƒaaF/S86‡
)>AN6)2GHNH;AC24r[^A]bQMpZ0813O;424aB/
CH/04SVSQ824^ST=~8EC38NS2838FS8E/HZ64a4r
H~:/^827 =0)e86/H2O2OAC)eP/QM08HV13O;82
3ACH^A"R
:LM;38E6p/1[a4F/S286Q/HU464=S213O;a
E0P/Q"M:
:040ZpGS89O;8408[JS8/p88?H0SFZ4=T8
823C8E38E_4rH~4Eˆ/MH040:
:T13O;H^8E[ZJ8/p841j42E6AG8ZpO:
:)7_O;840C)QMIg#6Q/i=)J#NOAN238E_124
SQ82Z4:
””XBp"HZ=0)e86/pZ13R
cl88EF)QMIAN)J#NO=T4;4ONAN8E/4ON:
cl88EF)E/w/T8?8C4;4ONANH04046S:
cl88EF&D/+;#1/=T4;4ON=8EO4T=08H0SFANO4F/:
cl88EF)QM+/MT28E4ONZ6#1/:

QMNS28VO4</813O;8233">f/Q  :
c08H/e24</82!7 =8>8?P/60)e84pZ/0YSHNAB13
O;823>f/Q  pO0[8E8E/8FS:cG6)/76M43ACD
OQ/ANMAY:,>1[TS<78W:,>7NOANO8_6NM=D4ON2
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
H0/LH38E_;64_:)6A}6b248EF42C8EOG61>|
eE6a4Q/:
)?cl8C#"q5=4Z61OVAN_:)E_6:O4_n<M0;MpC
Qj&r=P/6DE?A</=D86E/0HF86=DHV•868C8:+6
H/e2=8C)[,oO=08HV68>#"q5=~aQj:)?4QMT4_6)Q)ENO
P/6ˆOqo:#084O;p^1>b6=45U8]M>N8Eo•]STH_j=D6
E?A</:2a,/)28=08HV_w6O=8F8E4Kj:+>NNMN28_43
YSAC0[8E:)?7 =S<C2P/68E/4B/a&T6=)2+/M:
+B/NHV=^2H0=H040QAP/64>pQ46S:c2MH6M47
O=42S2B/<A}1>8Ej2P/6:Ij1>_€G6E2H"8AN`=
DHVNˆON=AIA•NM;964ZH0SF4</5O6123:
+D26eH~96454J^6O:)EONT08HN8EoE0AN]M33
zSH~^H:+r4QMU8]M24rHF86pCQj:qD624re
08QMe8":cƒ<ABYS=U8]M2QMlS;_P/o:@6/6/012
3=8>8Ea;)[,oO:k/6BN\=NH>H"8A}4O6:+D624^=
QMe8"1>n:+T45HC/^8E>8EO08G6\:
^28=2=6)E_=6;X7rG8C:v+/Ms[)6AN6
)E<7+1>43YS4JAU46H8:Š6+45SV44B/8E:23
pCqC=)QMI=)J#NO=6)E<7+45ON8Nb/]8IA/M
40QAF8ZS"A"3pAN>82F/<HVO4VO823:@|8081T
16C8EO>f/Q  3/AI6:/0YS<NMT8E/8FS86&ON
X7)2=)e8668Ea:
)>HI84</8EUHNM8UU48?827 =&7E+6A645686Mf67gŠ6O/
@66iN8eK/MP/Q40As2S:+6A645Oas//0NHNP/z8
C8;AG4F/8EVC=VMpGb/^#;@=4lH8=8EO82)2=+6A6H]8

8<Ej8P/Q2S1•8FS4ON94+N@V:
+N@VN08"8/8EOG61>:XUO2AC4rH~=8UAGE?jA}N3
8E_8/FJ:)QMI;NC8645Z6Y:Ej8P/Q1•+N@V1>1•
Va8C13O;>f/Q:
)E38E_E?jI0=2SKn6ZJ•=08a#6Q/=08a&V
+:Tu138/p86H0SFNM4VSTON8ONHCX8)E/:QMN
DƒM3/64:+13O;>f/QSV~8/p808H0SFP/68EY
P/Q4=8;O08/MH3C8EO38E6:)?NMY8FSABV2E/04]8=
23m4B/O•4J8EaAB4rH~4VSTP/:+4rH~;N
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
ƒEI]8:n8/M3HOO1o6_#288/M1>7V4JH040868QFS4r
H~=A}QM1T17O868EOD8EF42C:&6M+6A6458FS8E/a4r
H~08ZJ40C68?T8?11a4</38E6=yN_4T/0
83>686:::
2rYS=8240HU8V=43/8/^21SD66T86Mp/ƒ8W:)/^2N89`b6
bK`p/M]86+_8EOO;8NNM:Tj+_45TA/AC2H0R`cUT6
1/M384R08N1>FS64U=6N:::j88/^2`:>I8+_J80A•7j:
N86M24l88EHN=HƒANI;:+_TR
8FS8E/P/Q4048;O9;:::,>J‡)6H/0jSVSQ82H
Z8U9;4T1>n:
N86M2aE6=ƒT86M8E•AB08C:)>H2O2O83S:q<4QM=T8/r8
6H;=j8645I4JDu4r/M62Scd8EO13O;+6A6:cG61>
NM=+6A68E83NHU4a+6X8+6=8E26O3ACZ868E
38E_I0:k/Q2S|pGY242S2AG8ZpO=42Q/ANOF/S
~1UDAN8/6OZ86=S2A{13O;83>6868E38E_[:r
8_=+6A6A}E698E68bQMpZZJ40C;48Zu4r4ˆHS2
4;4ONZ6868EO088EF42P/M384ANOG61>6/:+6A6pZ88ZQ
/NM8EOAn82:
)eP/QM4BRDADANS28/MP/MB40=pG08H0SFP/QZ=
138JSACZJ46S=a/083>ANODC3JM3/N4

84^M3/~8/p8Z4=VST4]846=H/04SVSQ82P/Q40
44^ST:)3S8"1Oz8Q/ANOQ/8/}HVD68FS8E/ANSQ82HZ64=
8;O838EFC=8_C:)oOpx288UU=18_b/]8=|6T8FS
8E/ZJ=8FS8E/Z=8/p8ZP/68EY64=N/MH3"p
38E6:
)E38E_I0=|a/083>C)QMI=8/p8P/Q4n3
4T#6Q/=/M3SP/Q4a)J#NO:&C896=N)E/#NO:&C89H6=N&;
#VO:)6|4Bk/QVST68z8#NOS^JSACH040X8+6a/083>
ANO6CNM=~8/p8Z4ANVST4]846:&C898=NHI)QM
+/M:XG8ZpOH68K#1/|N"8/[D/083>4238EO
G61>NM:)6;p;46S<CH040Z6#1/42AGE?jHI
)QM+/M:QM[NHS2SA?68/p8Z4=A?6HVOAAG8ZpO#1/
082/P/V:XC238E_+60=Z+6)E/0AN38E_6/4
a4rH~I0=SV4LM;38E6p/1[=A?61UQ4=A?68E688/p8
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
Z48EO1jSV4B/P/Q4044^STa2C12:);38E_
8NI0=86|T13O;HVOAAG8ZpO=]/08^4A;aDA8E[40=
1S8_8/p841j42E6:::K<S2A{838FS8E/HZ64N8645N
8]8H;ABHV13O;+6A6:
2•R
wZ1346P/Q)QMI8U4|SV9E66O“
jT887_ZJD)QMI=Ol42E6AG8ZpO1zOP/Q86AB:j
\T8Ej8P/Q1•#6Q/=AFM8ONH0)QMI|4JVST:
2C12T1V78/j8P/Q4041>“
+ON)QMIAN)J#NO=n)QM+/MAN)E/#NO=&;#NONDCb/M3/
N41>8H•:\|42E6AG8ZpO=T8Nj)YOl)6&T6:#jNM
86nSV9/4F4JD4"88EOQ/C64=S
QK4;O823NR40=O;8:
&00[8ETSB/u13P/68EY=4lH8];SQR`)[Z=
40=40=O;8`8EC18>P/6HV4B2823>f/Q  6

)eP/QM:
2T11388j0R
)eP/QMSVT0813O;Q/pNABYl844^STAC1•48E38E_
8ONP/^=6/4TSVT0813O;4LM;DO;840p/1[8;4rH~F0:
XBCO;840]M)QMINC[=2C12NS^JS:&C[6M
1>86M4e=8EOO;840T886M4e:zSpGHNSV`8H3A;T6:
Võ Nguyên Giáp

Chương 2
&*‹•)&–+q
—2>f/Q454J0[8EOu13AN8>P/6:0[8Eb24)QMIN
C[:+ZJ4a#6Q/[8=3/j1>87A=86|1>T4B/
142C:Zp"8;4QMK<084;4ON:)6458E6O4eAC2H;#NO=Z
J86|S^JSACZJH;ANP/Q8U/MVST6M8K>f6#…a
)J#NO:+AFM=|U8NH6C83>CRC)QM2=C)E/=&;#NO=
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
C)QM+/M=ANCS^JSN8E/p/AN4rH~I0:
0)e86/1L8EbQMpZ13O;823>f/Q  :#<4</=86T
0813O;823S^JS8EP/M></38H24VO>w:
&C[)QMI=HC4</p"4;4ON8/p84a#6Q/=VSTON
8ON1/)QMI•HC896=S^JSD64;4ONAC8E/4ON61/)QMI=H0
408U/MANk/QVST68z8#NOVST8K>f6#…:&CNMpO2
4r[#k/V6=/&/McQ=8AN[M4;4ONS"8E2:
&C)E/AN&;#NO=ZJr8E/4ON6!=8E/4ON!6=pO4r
[&ON@Q=84;4ON!AN4r[)E]k/u&6=81[M4;4ON
S"8E2=S^JSACH;aE0AGVST=428>N6+6F>
w:);42M|8NFSH0K/Mcl88EF)E/AN&;#NO:
&C)QM+/M=68E/4ON!AN!=Z6#1/=pO4r[+/Ms2=
81[M#1/8EZ83SS"8E2=|3HN4;SHF)QM+/M=S2Q
/2ANHU4+6X8+664:

&CS^JS8E/p/AN4rH~I0=4;4ON!AN28E/4ONZ6#
1/|34]/8/SS;A34T64=426O8>=S2M2S8
AF/M4_H0=4_8M=4_1>:(1IS2AG8;38?8E/p/=4r
H~I0=)E/0AN+60=4338E_#NOAN6S/6|4LM;38E6
p/1[H/084SV7•ZJ4^STAC86:
,^Zn;r24;4ON!==!g83/8E/4ONi=4;4ON>S2O=
8E/4ONH[F8]/P/Q8;8E/p/=yN40)QMI=AN42483>
E6AG8ZpO:
Š4;4ONg83/8E/4ON!i4;8E/4ONO;840aU)E)=8E/
4ON E6+vK/]=NZJpZHO0=yN408E2C:
XC13p)J#NOG6f/Q76M=8>8E~ZH^8E[HZ6+6A6
8E38E_>w|H4VO012O;840686HI84</8E16:
++6A6456TE686M8EC:
+NM82!7 =4/M408/4ON8/0H4ON40=pO8Cq
gqoiK/M=a/0NH&VQ/gcO/o88oi42E68QM6+U:28/4ON
4J8e98N64;4ON=08pO_28b8Egw68Eoi=08pOX6/Mbo
gX6/boiK/M=b/]8S288?JqB8oO4_ 423Š624T1>z8:_
286P/Q3D46OAN4T8NB/A8E[ON8;Š64BSn08/0
83>686:X6/MboEVP/QFSD94pY4_ :\8EONM=08/0
NH89668`OHr>`gz6i4JVP/Q83N8;AGH)6
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
&T6:&N1>}/;vE>7gvEEO6oiANB/8N/3=2MH6Mb/]8ON
1:+NM=44eH0b/^H_H)6&T6!!P/Q=AN8/08H0SFH81[ANO
4^8S2a,O6)E_:+D8E/9^/083>G61>64451a4</=
AC"8/NAG8ZpO#1/:
)?4</82c_=445TB/O;84038E68Qua#1/:c2MH6M8V]M
8>NOD6/^8EaABAG8;3=ANpGO6ST86O68P/Q2S
|83>)6&T6:)N/34VAVON1:81[4bQFSANOAGŠ6
+Ok/6=+U:0)e8pZ13ANO4</G61>4T842E6AG8ZpO
+=+Ok/6=4O6X7)3w\=81[M4;4ON!=yN4^

STAC/083>6l2SE6AG8ZpO+=+Ok/6:)ECNM4a/0
83>8645S2808^H4ON8FS138a1/AZqBg‰c˜+UiAN1/
AZ&ON6pY>2Mg‰‰+6i:
;4ON!45GACZJA\8E646S8[Z/LH34]/:T8A?6
ON8NA"/]/MA?6NN34]/=4;4ON45H^8E[8E/4ONaAG
Š6=_4248E4_^ =8E/4ONa1/AZ88E]+Ok/64248E
4_ AN4_=8E/4ONa^28g);)N)6&T6iNZJ
40:04046S8KANH^/M6+U4JHe/P/Q^=8E6H8A\
1[=H^8E[4248E4_=4_ :wQP/Qp/1[/LHD8EF466S"
1IS2V4_C=•P/QlT81zO8C:21OA\1[=8T;O8EO/M+O
k/6454J/M43D464C:
)E46HN#1/jNMj86T24;4ON!=!=AN088E/4ON6:J
8442E68QM6+U=24;4ON4B/2O9_b/]8P/Q:+T4j
N4/^34T)6&T61>“&6M4QMN084n87pnnS213O;86
46/LH“&OlKN08O;840~QMVa8C/0YSk/^02SANO;
8/<82c_|8VO/FABQ238E6>w=\N8_6T8e
8^cd+[bgŠ6Ep+bOi|8CX8+61u:::“)EO1_4JDpsH3
Ca8QM6+U=0)e8P/M384Kp"4;4ON!46Tl88;ƒ=
4^STACP/Q4=24;4ON12A}83S8"K/]8oO13O;:
@Z4B/40HZjNM<389QI:,3O;>f/Q686A}68E16:
)645I4J8EOG61>  =+6A68Ep/M8EU83SnZ3J8;
I0:Š]8[81V74aE0S;A34TE6#1/:XU6O440846
</38P/Q408?4rH~I0E68QM6+U“+DO;840E]840808=
6TA?6P/698•A8eK/MC6P/QAs8[D4nCS
O2AC"4[87pn:,/AZ4A?68E16ZJE]8<ACSn8/M3_
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
#28:c/^a088EF42CaAGNM=<SV/M408ONH0D4;4ONZ6
86=AN\1TN8IJ8E46U4rH~=6O8>8/FJ=B1BACD7
9C64:XN3/6/B/NM=24;4ON86AF408C=41>83SF3
4]/=6TEj88ONH0P/Q40ABDA8E[\8;4^H~“K<08AN/0

4B/P/QA>[AFM=ZJ86|H8/6OANG61>|P/64‡
+6M8?DNM4</=H04046SANpQP/Qp/1[2/Mq6Xs=‰c>=+O
k/6a83SD8EF42•NFHC8364:)E688_P/Q4
C4361S^8EF46=4NME;NM 82!=68/4ON8/08E/
4ON8FS1[2A8E[4r AN!p8Y4;40=4288;l4;4012:G
j=a4F/+6=8E/4ON=Z6#1/=G2ZJA\8E646
S8FS1[6A8E[4aX7#u=fB=p868/4ON1P/Q"M:
NS28866P/QAsE<E08/M8E/MB4QMN/0NH`C]8=68?
8]M8?8_8C#z436M`~"4[`YQ/ANOAG794^S=T
4;4ON!4T=^I8/p8S<C4;4ONZNM=4r8_l491>O
4;4ON!8QFSQ/ANO4rH~`:
k/Q44eH0b/^H_H)6&T6ANYQ/ANO,O6)Ea456TEj8/:
k/QH2O64;4ON!H2O2Oa8QM6+U=24A641>83P/2!
1>z8ON8<1O286S2OH:Q/6+6A6450Ex:/0NH&VQ/E68QM
6+U=KNZlS;/0NH&^88vSg&6/8ovSoi6f67rG6
f/Q=\8;[1/AZNM=~1UQ64;4ON!=!46Tl88;)6&T6:
0)e8K84;4ON!8E680442E6N8/p8jH~2
8FS1[=S"1[:24;4ON12A}a/MA8E[83S8"Y8FSP/QZANyN
4_1T:)683S8"/LH13O;>f/Q  :
+NM82!=6[8)E/VE68>H2O2]SM/Ex"4[AN8
4O;83>64E6AG8ZpO#1/AN)6&T6=KE624^ST686NRal8
8EF[p=8;O0S"1[8/p848EOAF40=Jp"j4C4TP/Q
61S^N8FS1[8/p8=138JSA?6424A?6HVOA8[;AN8NV6
Q4<•al88EF6/4/084rH~I0=SV389Jp"14a4
aE038E6p/1[=138JSA?6823A?6AF40H"M:
@6/1423;24r =!AN3808^46O1Oo=2NM82!=
P/Q4OH^8/4ONH0H=68/4ONS2OHAN088/4ON8382S8?Š66
NH6\83AB88E]+Ok/6R\[838oO4_^ =08\AnP/6S[6
4>=08\AnP/6S[68QM:28E/4ON=6!p"08^4A•S^
JSACpQP/Qp/1[6S"8;B/N=8"l428/6OlP/Q4=13

 Võ Nguyên Giáp
jSV83P/QE]8pˆpl8=43B/8^C8C4J88E]+Ok/61>_:+NM=
082P/QT!bo87ANboHY8zS41ˆ=8?Š6428YABS[6r)E;+Y:
c084;408/08E/4ON458Z088EFS"1[b/]8IHI•HLMbo87ANbo
HY8zS=H^boAF8V=O;1•An34]/<68E784=H•5M\83>:+NM
82!=H^8/4ONH0H=H^8/4ONS2OHAN088/4ON8382S8?1/AZ
qBa/0NP/z8ABS[6K@k/u&=jN796!:@6/H6
NMNP/QG"/138P/V=2NM82!P/Q4Ej8/=H[F8H^8E[08
8/4ONpAN088/4ON"M)2a;nS"1[P/Q86:c088/4ON8/0
8E/4ONH2284/^8]MNMP/6=Jp"j446prP/Q;=40U0
b0=b>E68FS1[:42H]8_=P/Q4OVJ82O;M:)/4ONO08H0SF
8E/M1[ABS[6q^qN:c084;4068E/4ON1S8_4387A:c2MH6M4
HIV4_P/Q86:24ASn1>64;4ONej428EVP/M388:@6/H6_
34]/=P/2868/p868/4ON4a1/AZ@n;q^qN=HIE082M
H6M1/8E"a)E;+Y:&68E/40bo878?Š683ANOn9/4rHY\Hl
42:
24AH040Z=46S=pQP/Qp/1[66P/Q1/)V+;=&D/+;FS
894LM;O;840a6/4=8FS1[ANOF/92H4ON40=AN424
1CS:
+NM82=P/Q2S;8/HVM8/4ONa/0NP/Q88E]+Ok/6<89
6:QMN08O;84044TNOT8e8^cd+[bIS8C87l88EF:@JH86
S"1[<8EC=j83E]8F:64=084;40ZGpQP/Qp/1[
8FS1[ANOA8E[8EjP/Q64:@2NM=68/4ON4HVOA_8E264ONP/Q=8?
S[6J</ON4_ 83ANOcT#2H088/4ONZ86S"1[:clpGP/Q
4T2MH6M=S2OHM0=6/Sj834]/=H04086p8Y64;40=4286
084;4012:
+NM827 =T8e8^cd+[b8C87l88EF=8I02
gŠoOMiSVEVP/Q/^8pY4_^=8?8b5+U8CqB=4HVO4V6:
@6/!NM=NNP/QHO;1•An34]/N1>l824JU=+6A6H/0
SVE6Ej8/:

)oODNYS)QM8U+6A6E]8O08/08e83>ANO4rH~I0=
8aNTISHI84</=A0A546P/QE68QM6+U4S2Z/LH686:‰A
Š6g‰AoqE6i45A38R`)EOD8/</^G6&;=08^p]//AND889o
8E013OH0K/M2S8INX8c|prYƒZANO4rH~I0:
q2SpZ48EO8Z838/E608/08e83>:::)C+6A6P/M384428EC4
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
O;4;4ON!1•/034]/8EC1T83ANO4rH~:+NM82!=4jNM
N4;4ONNMSV1a4</A8QFS=>86458/E6^8O;8408]{=/0N
H`cO/o88o`IANOD79aS[66+U:::)Cq6g_K/M/0
NHi83SFP/6AB/0NH8?8eK/M=8]MT^/0N
H42E6&n6U:::)C+6A6454;84J"8/pZ13:;4ON!451>88Z
A"8QFSANO4rH~:>86™Xx+/Mq2Sš45H/0SV8?H•8?82
c_/083>ANO4rH~:QMND4B/E]8b6Z8F8:&5Mo+6A6H0O
8E6UP/6HVF81388j/0NHR`/0NH&VQ/N4n4</
88EOD4n8>Tu442ANO4^S:::)EO/0NH4T=j86454;8
"8/RJ8_6“j8645H/0H08X8cSVbz8;13O;83>6
Y:j8645IP/MB40ANj86/^DP/MB404T`:
>=1z1>O6=45SHNMu468eK/M8EO/0YSH2ONM82
7 8;&N+0:,TNH2O•AU6O1>a;DAGC34J=>
8EV_R`)>bV[=/0NH&VQ/1>B~"4[34TAmAs4]8
46:XG+Ok/61>TJUV86\86Tu43)6&T6:)64eH0ANOAG
p/MV)6&T6N442?6X8cN8>:k/VY45H?6=86454;84J"
4[:::`‡
)]8H;6/0NH&VQ/4513+6A6HI84</O;:+N1uV2SŠ>>goEE
ŠOOoi45A38R`)J+6A645SVEj8E6138/F6//0NHcO/o88NRP/QAs
2S1z1V734]/1lS38E_S98;SANSV44</ACD8EF
86O03:)[p"RH4ON40^45]84988/4ON8EONM82!7
 :::`:+6A6\458F4B/4T8EOHV8_8EU!NM!827 
[S2SR`)oOu1368>=8COAN8Cq=3/j8646"P/Q6
j86=AC]8J8_=E61•08H21[!1>z8TS2OHM8EJ=3/

;8E2ACH0H8UT|H42H;`:
)Š$+q8/<827 =8oO13O;=4;4ON8?4648EjP/Q8;)6&T6
83)QMI:)?4</82=H0SF/LH38E_6=pO86/8EaX\
#FSp}4</=454_:
+NM827 =AJ8>N:
)EO8Z83=4QMKN/0NP/Q6P/6K/M4;4ONGAC8E/4ONAB
);)N=)6&T6K/]6/3p)J#NO:&68E/4ON126A}
1>E_46HN)QMI:)E/4ON a;@<+6088_6=jSH;^79
46=82 7 P/6MAB@#6:)E/4ON4J8E6OA"8s/SK=1OV:!!!
8=pO2SoTpY6H_>N46P/]ME^F/S86:
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
&02H0SeH3A"P/QZAN13O;>f/Q  4J0)e8
8E/8FSNM 827 =8;r6/=/M&T6=)2+/M:2H08?
238E_=8E?+60P/2b6=4B/Tl8:#Q/Q/;CT/0YS4>483NM:cY
_lS6/86MHI8l8?:cƒ_6AB4QMC6/034]/66OAN
6p\8E8?38E_:1/M6=D/0/M8EnA}EQE621/2:
)eP/QM8EUHNM8EP/QZ>f/Q6)E/~S213O;+6A6:
c]MNM8EC4T="F4J84464B/408FS8E/24AVMpG:&0
YS6NM8968U8E288?j)YH2O2OAB=S28B/8^S2MH6M=1V2M
H6MAF8V=H6MABS[6)QMI:+NM =H0SF4/LH38E_a)QMI4AB=2M
H6M8E284J8EH</8E_:
)^NM!=8>F4J808^8/4ONpG62S45VMb/^:);4QM=
8EO8_6NMKT088/4ONGAC8E/4ONH068E/4ON40FS46
4TP/Q:/00u)eP/QM4J8E/8FS6M:j8>F4R45S28
4683P/Q)QMI:jV8]M#6Q/AN)J#NOH/M3S=4608
H0SFZJ)QMI4^ST:/0YS0[8Ea),oO\45pZ13R3/)QM
IH/M3S8U4|87ACNM=Ol42E0E6AG8ZpO4S2/083
>686:<bj836A42#6Q/=1>4OP/Q44Ta#6Q/OAB
:
+6M4>4T=08H941L4JO468E4_NP/QR`VMpG

b/^N4aO#6Q/AN)J#NOH/M3S:+AFMNH40
SQ82ZJ44^STAC86=8UU7HVTJO86:::+I08^8=8;O08^8
48/p84`:cP/M48e98ND8/4ONNP/QO6=
F]8NM827 SVTl8a)/<q2O:
+NM=H0SF8B8E;60)e86/48ECH~>8>)QMIH^8E[aK/M
8BS:0)e88>H2OO24;4ONyN4_34]/:Š4;
4ON!g83/088E/:4ONia)6&T6=4JNP/Q6MC)QM]N
A"HH=ErH[F8/rE?P/6MABj)Y:)6pZ133/83S8"4B/B/4;
4ON)QMI=4T883>E6AG8ZpO41zOP/Q86AB:
&0IS1388j8U28C:+_1oJ24;H/45>e8VO/FAN]88E[AC
SCAN13O;8236)E/:2];SQK4;O82
36)E/8EOG61>NMNR`)[Z=40=40=O;8`=AN:40A
2H0AJ8Y1T17N8IJC]88EO>f/Q  :
)>GAC6&ONX7)2NAAC24r[&OV@Q=4;4ON8Ea!=)E<
k/u&6=4;4ON8Ea="8T6A"ANO;8408E38E_)E/=&;#NORa
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
CNM6psE6O;840P/QZC=1•4aANP/6:04086ANk/Q
VST68z8#NOa/083>T88/p8Z4=aE0AGVST
8E4]8H;:XN4QM\N08CB/1V78/j8P/Q4064:)>8EZ83S
8E6OA"O4r[#,[=S"8E24A8YQ/b/^&;#NO=];SV8/M8
4^DH[F88EONP/Q48;O08H]8_C:
K/M238E_4B/S]1aFA"8/MH38>f/QNM|lSB/1T
17:Š6+/Ms2=8#1/=8•A•H71O7:v2Ta1/45
4JSeH38G61>NM4|42328K8ZpOa4rH~=J18EaAB1T
8/M38S"1/M]88E[AC8E464;H0SFH040Z)QM+/M=K
4;08H0SF•GACpQP/Qp/1[4^STACP/Q4:)>H384QMNA]4B8Q
M1>psVP/M38RVH0ANZJA\8E6#1/A^T8E/MB8^IHTl8
|ACpQ:QM_48CNH040Z;1>Tl8‡+0[8E458[8O2
1d=a/083>)QM+/MN28^8]84HVOAAG8ZpO#1/:)>HNAC
62^INO1/M8>/^88ENM:

1S8_/LH88aO2H08EC8UUC=8EOH/e138/F0NM
827 =8>TR
VMpGb/^=lpG861>S24O24J"8AB464AN8_
6=\~8EOS;AS24O28EC686NR3/)QMIH/M3S8U4|
87AC4T:+AFMN8ECZ/M3S686=445SVH404^ST=SVSQ
8208H0SFZJ404M0O)QMI=aO)J
#NO=ANS2A{13O;83>686:::
Šr4QM=8UU4T8H3T683NO“
jT8A?6DA?6D#6Q/=08[=08S"=T8]M
N[:
+3/H/M3S=jT8OAB08AN87A808S<NO•\6]84
OABNO=1V7OABB/:
+3/H/M3S;=1>T887AB/ANH38N088FS4ON94=8EO
8E_JSNM1>T8]MN838FS8EF46:+j\T8
Ej8:
X>/FEr4QM48U86M4e83NO=4VMpGb/^7HVNTJO
86:::
,>1[0S]]6:cY_A/?=b>b6O:,\N088J
C8EO38E6R11•8G3808A8E[3JP/68EY6868Uj86;
O4QMN08^84543:
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
@6//0YS=8>4lS6/&/McQ=[M=8UH38645FA"AB8EC
41S4/e8oOH0408E4_NP/Q:)>Y48O;O_4T4_TAC6
cQP/6M;:/eB/=6cQpI8bo4;S4ANOP/6ACA•;:)>TR
45z8B/P/Qb/^:r[<48F8]SO1SH040=4>
4^4ANP/Q]S8^H6OAQM#6Q/:Vl6MO4_8?#6Q/AB
:T8|42“
+6M8^>4T=6cQA0A5E64:)>oT;=6cQ45pG38H^4>2S6bo
4;S46Op^4ˆO14/e8oOH040:
0)e86/8FSJS2/r8H2O2OR/0NH423TH[

p6N`&VM`g68OEi:)?NM!8CNM827 =445zb/^24r
c_)68/4ONpG=1OV:!!P/Q=84AC^P/Q4a+N@V8EC1
Ej8/:
8/08K#6Q/=1>DD08A8E[3JP/68EYa)QMIN
n8EV38E_>w:XG4]8NM83S2SAC)J#NOTD8E"4_
;MABS[66b/^)E=&;#NO=6S[68QM8C)2#6=c3=S[6HI8C
)E/k/^:QMNAG4>pQ=8EGSj=T24rE0]8a)2MI:)ZpQ2S45
38?7:#6Q/A^N088EOH^4;OP/6H62S:)?7
  =45T08QH6Mp53:)EO/0+F84VO[2SNM 82
7 =NNP/Q2S45P/6O4_#6Q/;M6)E/&O6:+7 =P/Q
+F8ErP/Q)a45Tl8a:,861u&S4NM827 AC
2S=2S45M/</4J46!!P/Q8Ea;AGNM4NA"83SSnP/Q
)a:#z458EZ83S4387:
@6/NM2;82)28N>=83S8"~pCP/MB1O286
2S=ANKC4JVST8?/^3p)QMI7 :j8645TD4
A68E/4ON4T8;:+4a083pC8UP/686
/nH38P/2[8AB46UAGE?ja8FGB8QM64]8C:)EDHV4r
86T=1/AZ83/B/838:"k/QH2O_8C8E;8GHQ/
48U/8UU:c]MNM6/=4r["ST6O68EaAB=468>boHV4rA|86M
608mP/62S458?4Ta:XmP/6NMTR3/OM08H4ON
VMb/^4=M|4TP/Q8EDP/V4raS[64>24rc_
)6:
)ECG61> =487_P/60)e86/=0[8E45P/M3844B/
6X7)3w\=4;4ON8Ea!=ABN8e86/8Ea=6)E<X7k/6=N
"8Ea")23:
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
0SF8BS4JK4r26&ONX7)2=)e86/ST=6#
#=T)e"[8E=6l,q6=T)e"/]S=
6ƒ9,="ST")23:)EC4T=6l,q645GAC08H0SF
VH04)QMI4/LH>82F/<:

)>8E6O4e1dAC6)2ABA"VST#6Q/=S^JSACH;a)J#NO=
/LH38E_=4BSn48?4QMEj8;MP/6)QM)E66#NO=I
288UU86M4e648E4_NP/Q=4r8_/LHS283>
48EU)eP/QM:)>|Tl8a)QMIANO/^827 =Ol4</
827 =6/1TP/M388Q60[8E:
+NM827 =P/68BS604_43p)QMI:
ON^A])E/k/^E]8824r8EAN13O;823>f/Q686Y)QM
INC[:ON4r[c6q6@=^A]86/=G48ECAC6)2:
</827 =0)e8E6O4;4ON!AJ8>&r=468E/4ON
48EC=8oO4_8I8=6T^8laO#T8=S[668QM6=
71>OP/Q4Ej8;M6#NO:G4_AC!=T8E/4ONS2O
6:2OAN4;4J/MH~>8>=2S2O84B/4H0:
VMpGb/^=)QMI458ZZ8Ea8NC[pZ13686
8EO13O;>f/Q:)>GACP/686/HNA4B/K13O;aC
NM:)EC4QM=P/M388Q6)E/VN6/1VST#6Q/=|S^JSG
ACH04068z8#NOVST8K>f6#…8EZ83S/M3S#/>6H7=14>6
NA/6#NO:38E_)QMI4586M4eANn83S8"86M4e:)eP/QMF4
4T8DV#6Q/AN=\T88FS8E/AB:+3/P/Q
41>Ej8a+N@V=j|H38N088FS4ON94C:&C
/LH686N42>18FS4ON94:
)6S24O2P/Q4a|4J87_!8/4ON:0)e86/
pZ13ZJp"8;N 8E/4ONH0H=GAC>H=S2OH=
AN08H0SF6Ob;S2O:
)_6O;840a)QMI|6N64J8R
”J8R83N42#6Q/AN1388jANO/^827 :@6/4T=H040K
=]K088_61OV!NM=8FS8E/4<M4ZJ442:
”J8R)3>:)_642C8[NM:+3/41>
87_8B/P/Q=T8Ej8I:3p|1388jANO4</827 :
;H0SFZJ|Ej8=08H0SFa;83S8"S288E6#NOGACH040H;/M
3S#/>6H7:

 Võ Nguyên Giáp
)EO3p)J#NOG6&ˆA?6P/6=8b5@<+6N088FS4ON94•=86
8EpG28FS8E/ZJ4268I6:+1•445A0A5Ej8
;M:#<NM=8/M6TS2823"8g458E6OO0)e86//LHi=
8_63p4JpZ8[|42pNNM4/LHaAF8]8:
0)e86/NAAC)e"/]S8[8O2HC4</=SV/M40O3
p:!!8];Og61;OOpQ>i=!!8]E6/=!!8]88=!8]/^=8]4_:
)]8V4B/SVAF/MP/6l4_pN!!1S<CN4ˆOp^8Ea=2MH6M4
8_b/M42S2:
@^pQ>K8[8?8E/8/M38Ea=45<8C:!!_:XB/LH4_2=2O
4_8/08/M33p4B/SVHVO4VAF/MH~>8>:)EC4QM=4/LH42
+N@V=O4_8?‰2);,O6456D6bO=jNM<83S8"8/He
8:_8?c0Q/4#6Q/E]8b]/=SV6D6B/:Q>O0q6O8>
>[S"8E24_8Cn+n=AN4_8?c0Q/@#6=H040S"
8E2P/54_n;8?@#64)/<q2O=AN8?)/<q2O4g6/NM
YN4_i:)_683N8?827 :
+6M827 =8_8EU6)eP/QM4J0[8E=/R`)_682
3aC40H^7NM`:)EF42T81a4</ANO827
 :QM`|N088EFT1C]88?8EC8C6M`=|SVp"4;4ONH0H=
8ONH0S2OH=>H=ZJSn1>:+3/1VP/6K/M3p=2
4A8EZ8/0=H040HVOA8/M3/]S=H040He/=8U`P/Q^8eP/2863
p|N:!!!_`:wZ134248EU0[8E4J/LH8oO8
8<`42I83I`:
›+q8EONM82=P/Q2S4J845b/]8a)/<q2O=8EZ83S/M3S
#6Q/:OFS89E6O8E/82)E76g)E66E8i8Z/0NH>/uo
gO/bi468ONH0ZJ8?#6Q/AB:#ZJ[P/M6AG82
3)QMIgœ.+:.:i=84ACH68/4ON=4T8;8b5#6Q/|4J1>
AFABc_)6H~2MH6M:`4ONH81[1>AFƒJS`gq::c:viHVOA
OZJ[P/MEj8/bO|48oO4_6Ag6Aoi^B#6Q/AC
:+P/M384P/2]SNM1>8FSJS4J4;40H81[r8E6N

_46a8V28EOE?:0K/M2S45OA8e94JZJ_46
SNMa)QMIN088N>C:YjpspN8QFSQ/ANOAGV
ST=1^3pQj=8;O08AN4668ON/P/6DA8E[4TP/Q=8FS1[
DH0SF•=AN42ANO8/M36O8>686:
+NM827 =P/6823H2O2OP/681d8/F8=446Ej828/4ON
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
4Ta8b5#6Q/ABH~2MH6M=08H0SF458Cc_)6:)>T
0)e8668>H2O]SOaK/M8BS1S8_b8E[:
#jNM=ZJ6;4ONn68FS8E/:)EG4ON454J6046
088/4ON]S8^83ANO=O;8408;1/AZ&#6=V)]/71>
OP/Q442E6=088/4ONP/6HCjS2H;#NOHVOAAGVST@<
+6=088/4ONa;@#6=)/FQ/HVOAF/SANNZJ40::&6
8E/4ON12468E4_=8E/4ONC8C)/<q2O=8E/4ON
naH164ˆO64:
v)28E/8FS2H0ABaK/M8BS8;QM^4_)/<q2O
=8E6OA"O4;4ON;TVST8b5#6Q/8oO13O;\=AN1
P/M38I8498O4_6A=1>O4OAB:+3/4H•;M8U8E/M1[
8CG:v##TR’>82[8E64;4ONHQM_N40AH0404/e42
48F86`:
A?68EVP/6!4NP/Q8":;4ON8Ea#k/V6AN[M/&/M
cQP/M384468/4ON 68E/4ON =pOST[M8E/4ON;k/6X
8EZ83SS"8E2=83]SS[6HIVST8b5#6Q/=088/4ON126 8;
p?;)/<q2O4BSn4VMpG8FS1[S[66/ANOF/S8EZ83S63
p=4;H0SF4A83ABO4_#6Q/:
+NM 827 =8/4ON 4Jbo>8>AF/MNO3pa#6
Q/:+boK;M4J8C+Fc92#6Q/1>z88USVp?;AU4_
P/2b]/:04083S8"NP/QH0:)^NM!=8/4ON 8C6&6084r•28
b5#6Q/1>z8=4J8P/Q4aDA8E[/P/6CprAB4QM?H64;
40:+64=8/4ONHI84</83>:k/Q4<Z4J6_ErH•;M:&>6/=
8/4ON83434ˆO6A>28b5#6Q/1>z8:6834ˆONMZ1…8Ea=K

<084;403DT8<Z4JACV088E/4ON:+ pspNAJ8P/6
AUP/Q4468E4_Ej8/=8]MH04086b/]8NOV^882O;M:
+NM827 =H0408683ANOVST8b5#6Q/6/<08831•~
pC24>062S:ˆOX7#O=`P/^A`6b9)28Z8E=GAC64U454J
2MH6M2S46AB&N+0:#2_4•6OAN<4</8/H6M8E8b54<MDb2boAF
8VAND1O8NHS2M:
@6/H^NMNP/Q=ZJM3/68oO4_)/<q2O43+N
)]/b/ME?4ABS[64ˆO6)>=45Tl88E4_6A^B#6Q/AC
:)E/4ONH^8E[a1/AZc_c/0=c_r4T42P/Q48#6Q/
;MAB:)/4ON68E/4ON 49Qa/@6l42P/Q48?
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
:)/4ON645^8la&#6V)]/6M6xc_)6:
@2NM=4;4068/4ON8E/4ON83b/^c_r8US28
8EOHVTB/P/Q48?#6Q/=Ej8AB468FS8E/8;4QM;40FS8983NH6O
AQMANej424:k/Q4T2MH6MM8EJ=8]MZJ86[8=1P/M38b/
SO42HF8864a4_4AB:2H0=3m4;4034]/E]8p\
V1P/M381>C•AnAQM:3m;3X7N643O8/40
/X7GD6jV8/40KnH^_46SVl42082P/Q8?8E6O
8ENb/^:/X7GT1L/8E/8EO86M1>H384l8ANO4Q/:3X7N6O
8C]6Qj4l8A6U=AN"G38n8Ej84;ABS[6P/Q4:3X7NM
=4J883>6445Hl49:
ƒ8EJO/0NH>/uo=_28gA?686MqiE6O#7oK/MH
4ON1>AF^gqEO/Soo86zEOSOE8z+O=A388I8Nq:v::i87_=r8/4ONpG
p^goE-i=8/4ONpG"M^gˆX+i=AN8/4ONpGb/1[gˆi#=
6"S2O!=ACH^2MH6MzHOA362MH6M8E28M8EJ=48oO4_
6Ac_r4T284An;8?#6Q/Ej8AB:XC^JD4AAN
S84J/M40=4QM1>nN08/0NH•:>45K8O_28
<8ZA7lH~2aD/083>ANOQ/1/AZ64^S:
”_NM82=H4ON1>AF^4_:_!=P/Q443V)]/
2c_)61>z8:)/4ON^8l8;4QMFS89ej:VH68/4ONpG

H>Q8;ƒ/^8NM:64;40H81[)2ac_r46H4;40l
42=1L8381/Y2P/Q9/A^a4_8CVAQM:@/^88?NM43NM=
2P/Q9/AK8C4J4ˆO/@68Ea=6O:z8=T8/4ONAN4;40
Sn1>^8D:clpGT2MH6MM8EJ=8VVHO6S6=j451>8
AJ8P/6P/54_1>z88?/@643c_r:@2NM=4;40H6OAQM
c_r4J4;404383S9=a4J883>/^G8/p88ONH0P/Q4
4Tac_r:
/e8E6NM=H4ON1>AF^Hƒ8]M83jS[6c_rHl8:+6M
6/4T=2MH6M8E28H2O8D4Aa4QM45H8/p8:
j865Moz6>goE6Ep‚6i183SAB8EF42NMR`clpGH4ON1>
AF^451>8Z4JA9//MOP/Q4r8Ejac_r=8EF42
4^ACYnb6C1388j:0SF44</pO83/82#zAN4;jM)/6Eg)O/EEo8iK/M
A?6CHI84</Ej8ABC4>6j_!8UH08•6ZpDp064HIbQ/
/ƒ:)oO8_8EU8EOH2O2O6q:v::8UX8c1>T2MH6MP/628\
D4A8/<8s/4B/K4_HI=A}8N>8EOAH^8E[8EYS2O2
 Võ Nguyên Giáp
D[pGA?6;8E;!!z8=AN04;b/^Y082Z1…[b2:K8EO[8
Sj8Y45/4ZD8e8]88EY:&YY2MH6MzHO439/:@Z6
8S898_662MH6MT|459/8/4ONpG1•H8/p8ON8ON:+88
;68/4ONNMA}1>1zlBR38=H8=AN]88[:
XN638‡0404^S1>nH2j8c_rl;45HI81SVq:v:::
)E6NM82=S2O!g82V<S2O686ACS2O!j8[6_
A38HI84</HIANO4AHVOAS[66/rDH[68/4ONpGp:q^
H/e2=X8c8U283SF"8/8F8648E2D8EFO61[6
1>P/Q:_!=8/4ONppGH2O2OY46H4^S34]/2S2N
pDp0ANM/</2MH6M81[M0:,>P/Q;83S8"68S=<NM45T
08H2O/1>NODU|psE6a6/NM•_=082MH6M
8E28H2O2O8Ej4;Sn1>X8c=AN_=082MH6M81[AN083
cOE612<J8H2O2O8Ej4;:::`:
24A6)E76</38N_46S=;8E2P/Q86FS898VANOE?:)?

B/NM827 =/08E/MGpsE68E8]8V2C:Šj818?
8EF8E/M1[)J#NO=454/e8oOP/Q4N8E71>z84_E?=/^8NM
4:04086A?6138JS83>A?61/Y4</N:@^NH)2E]84>:+B/N
HTV64U:,>846Y8oO8E4_8E/M1[:2H045T2138FSJS
8GHGACpQ8/M8E/MBV8[=TH040|8EV8ZpOO8GH3/4JQpQ
HVO4VN|1>4Y83S8"<j38;4rHNO:+B/_AJ=_457
296P/M381>4rO8oOl808<D6:XNY45N4JAFM:,>
08_)2NO8EO^NM6/14J86P/6M8Ea;ACP/Q4:458/p8ANN
86E54;404=8/B/A\1[=?6Z6=P/Q8E6=P/Qp":
>8]M<TV08/^24/8V;^SF6_mP/62S8EO/0N
H>/u=AN>86138/FR`QM_Kn>A8[eD88;8EO8/<s
/^G6/042AF40:,ZJ>/uE_#6Q/NM 82=Yr
:!_=8EO4TT8E/jM=AN;mP/62S:,D_^T864;40
?6Z6)2AN4;408C=NM82=Kn!_2S=8EO
4TTA8E/jM$S68ANH[)2:q<:!!![H81[=N8E7_pQZ=
\mP/6=;mP/62S1>n8314p6:&83=X8c45
8/4J4A\1[48E6HO088E/4ON`:
)EOHVH2O2O6UAB8EF42NM:#7oK/Mq:v::=45];`Z8/<
8";G61•8G1H^8E[DA8E[S2OHANA8E[8EjP/QON8<P/6286
1>P/QANZJ82H2Ol84]8:::`,jp;O4</psE66/:04086AJ8P/64J8