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1
kinh t v mô
bn th nm
N. Gregory Mankiw
Bài ging ca TS Phm Th Anh

(dch và sa theo bài ging ca Ron Cronovich)
macro
© 2002 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved
CHNG 5
NN KINH T M
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 1
Mc tiêu ca chng
Mc tiêu ca chng





  
 !"#$%
&'
 ()*
!"+$%

CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5


The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 2
% GDP 40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Canada France Germany Italy Japan U.K. U.S.
Nhp khu Xut khu
Nhp khu và Xut khu
Nhp khu và Xut khu
theo phn trm sn lng:
theo phn trm sn lng:
2000
2000
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 3
Trong mt nn kinh t m,
Trong mt nn kinh t m,

,-./#0)1


2./#03-
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 4
Mt s khái nim
Mt s khái nim

4&-5- 4
,-60
)1&-70

4895- 4

:
;

:
;

:
4,-
 
  
= +
 
  
= +
 

  
= +
<)%7,=
>4 ,-
*
:4 ,-

CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 5
Mt s khái nim
Mt s khái nim
,
,
tip theo
tip theo

4&-5-7?
@?
!" A
4

B


C-

DEF

0GG 
./#0


C-

HEF
0GG 
./#0 B

2
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 6
GDP =
GDP =
chi tiêu cho hàng hoá & dch
chi tiêu cho hàng hoá & dch
v sn xut trong nc
v sn xut trong nc
  
    
= + + +
@ A @ A @ A
  
      
= − + − + − +
@ A

  
      
= + + + − + +
    
= + + + −
   
= + + +
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 7
ng nht thc thu nhp quc dân
ng nht thc thu nhp quc dân
trong mt nn kinh t m
trong mt nn kinh t m


4
4


;
;


;
;



;
;


IF

4

B @

;

;

A
&-5-
7?
,-
70
)1

CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 8
Chu chuyn vn quc t
Chu chuyn vn quc t

 !

4
"
B

4 J1K77?#%#K
4 L-7?)10
-)10*0 7M
-60)170

N
"
D

F0G6#K7?

N
"
H

F06#K7?
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 9
Mt ng nht thc quan trng khác
Mt ng nht thc quan trng khác

4


B @

;

;

A
O

4@

B

B

AB

4
"
B

!"
4
#%1K77?


4
4



B
B
@
@


;
;


;
;


A
A
O
O


4@
4@


B
B


B
B



A
A
B
B


4
4
"
"
B
B


!"
!"
4
4
#%1K77?
#%1K77?
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 10
Tit kim và u t trong
Tit kim và u t trong
mt Nn Kinh t M Nh

mt Nn Kinh t M Nh

P*9,.17
#%#K"QR

S-!%"T=
= =
)&-= @ F A
  # $ 
= −
U->-= @ A
   %
=
>--= @ A
  
= =
.U))= F
  % %
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 11
Tit kim quc gia:
Tit kim quc gia:
Cung v Vn Vay
Cung v Vn Vay

"&
C7"QF

2V-%
9W-*#
X)-
@ A
"    % 
= − − −
"
3
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 12
Gi nh:
Gi nh:
chu chuyn vn
chu chuyn vn
R 79-70+0K
1 @Y77FFZA
.R '' ()*)=
G71%#0#2-.
)1V-%
R +=
K[X)-0F O2-

\
 +. O

4
,

 O
,
)


+
+
.
.
O
O


4
4
,
,


O
O
,
,
)
)
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 13

u t:
u t:
Cu v Vn Vay
Cu v Vn Vay
]3-#^*
>%&-%X)-F

\
-K,X)-
0)Z
ZV-K'3-
*0R

@
,
A

"&

@

A
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 14
Nu nn kinh t là óng…
Nu nn kinh t là óng…


"&

@

A
"


@ A



"
=
ZX)-
0)_-
<
!./
3-#
2=
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 15
Tuy nhiên trong mt nn kinh t m
Tuy nhiên trong mt nn kinh t m
nh…
nh…


"&

@

A
"


,

`
X)-0
)
V-K'
3-Z
Z#)T,
2a
2#3-
V-K'
#%1K
77?#&-
5-7?

CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 16
Ba thc nghim
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slide 28
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The Open Economy
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slide 29
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CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
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slide 30
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slide 31
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 36
Bn thc nghim
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 37
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slide 38
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slide 39
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The Open Economy
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slide 41
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CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 42
Các nhân t xác nh
Các nhân t xác nh
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CHAPTER 5

The Open Economy
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slide 43
Các nhân t xác nh
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CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 44
Các nhân t xác nh
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 45
Lm phát và T giá hi oái danh ngha

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CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 46
Ngang b%ng Sc mua
Ngang b%ng Sc mua
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CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 47
Ngang b%ng Sc mua (PPP)
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
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slide 48
Ngang b%ng Sc mua (PPP)
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Liu PPP
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có úng trong th gii thc?
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 51
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
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CHAPTER 5
The Open Economy
The Open Economy
slide 53
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