linkages between the atmosphere on the Earth and sun Phần 1 docx

Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
Magnetic Coupling
between the Interior
and Atmosphere of the Sun
Proceedings of the Conference
“Centenary Commemoration of the
Discovery of the Evershed Effect”
December 2 – 5, 2008
Indian Institute of Astrophysics,
Bangalore, India
S.S. Hasan
Editor
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India
R.J. Rutten
Editor
Sterrekundig Instituut, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institutt for Teoretisk Astrofysikk, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
123
Editors
S.S. Hasan
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
Sarjapur Road
Bangalore-560034
IInd Block, Koramangala
India

R.J. Rutten
Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht
Princetonplein 5
3584 CC Utrecht

ISSN 1570-6591 e-ISSN 1570-6605
ISBN 978-3-642-02858-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-02859-5
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02859-5
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009934002
c
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Preface
Solar physics in India has a tradition that can be traced to the setting up of the
Kodaikanal Observatory in 1899 when the Madras Observatory was relocated to a
high altitude site with a view to initiate observations of the sun. This conference
on Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and the Atmosphere of the Sun during
2–5 December 2008 was planned to coincide with centenary of the Evershed effect
discovery at Kodaikanal in 1909.
The aim of this meeting was to bring to a critical focus a comprehensive un-
derstanding of the important issues pertaining to solar magnetism with particular

emphasis on the various MHD processes that operate in the solar atmosphere. The
current status of magnetic field measurements and their implications in the light of
recent theories and numerical modeling that address the fundamental scales and pro-
cesses in the highly magnetizedturbulent plasma were reviewed during this meeting.
The meeting was timely for the following reasons: Space observations such as
from SOHO and TRACE have provided a wealth of multiwavelength observations
on processes occurring in regions of the atmosphere extending from the photosphere
up to the outer corona. With the launch of Hinode and STEREO in 2006 and of
SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) shortly, this conference provided a platform
for in-depth discussions on new results from various space missions as well as a
comparison with ground-based observing facilities such as the Swedish 1-m Solar
Telescope. Using sophisticated image processing techniques, such telescopes rou-
tinely generate observations with a resolution better than 0.1 arcsec, thereby yielding
more informative diagnostics for instance of the microstructure of flux tubes. Ad-
vanced spectropolarimetric techniques enable a more reliable determination of the
magnetic field topology in internetnetwork regions, which is crucial for understand-
ing the nature of surface magnetism. Numerical simulations are achieving a level
of maturity that allows a more realistic depiction of magnetoconvection, magnetic
field extrapolation, CMEs, flares, coronal heating, and so on.
Spread over four days, the meeting consisted of nine scientific sessions on the
following:
1. Magnetic field generation
2. Magnetoconvection and transport
3. Local seismology
4. Magnetic field measurement
v
vi Preface
5. Sunspots and active regions
6. Quite sun and polar regions
7. Magnetic coupling through the atmosphere

8. Eruptive phenomena
9. Solar-stellar connections
The articles in these proceedings are separated out into contributions based on
oral and poster presentations. In addition, short summaries have been included of the
work presented at the meeting but published elsewhere. It is gratifying to note that
136 persons attended the conference, which brought together many researchers and
students from all over the world, particularly several leading international experts
who presented reviews on a wide range of topics.
I am grateful to the SOC for helping to put together an exciting scientific pro-
gramme and also to the session chairs, speakers, and authors for a timely submission
of their articles in this book. The meeting owes its success to the efforts of the LOC,
to the excellent support provided by the administrative and technical staff at the
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, and to the student volunteers at the Institute. In ad-
dition, I acknowledge the financial support from (a) the Department of Science and
Technology, Governmentof India; (b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian
Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD), Japan; and (c)
the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum, New Delhi. Finally, I thank Rob Rut-
ten for volunteering to co-edit these proceedings and for his excellent efforts in their
production.
Bangalore, May 2009 Siraj Hasan
Contents
Part I Preamble
Republication of: Radial Movement in Sunspots 2
S.S. Hasan
Opening Remarks 10
E. Priest
Solar Physics at the Kodaikanal Observatory:
A Historical Perspective 12
S.S. Hasan, D.C.V. Mallik, S.P. Bagare, and S.P. Rajaguru
Vainu Bappu Memorial Lecture: What is a Sunspot? 37

D.O. Gough
Part II Oral Presentations
Angular-Momentum Coupling Through the Tachocline 68
D.O. Gough
Outstanding Issues in Solar Dynamo Theory 86
D. Nandy
Status of 3D MHD Models of Solar Global Internal Dynamics 96
A.S. Brun
Measuring the Hidden Aspects of Solar Magnetism 101
J.O. Stenflo
Recent Advances in Chromospheric and Coronal Polarization
Diagnostics 118
J. Trujillo Bueno
vii
viii Contents
Probability Density Functions to Represent Magnetic Fields
at the Solar Surface 141
M. Sampoorna
Spectropolarimetry with CRISP at the Swedish 1-m Solar
Telesco pe 150
A. Ortiz and L.H.M. Rouppe van der Voort
Spectropolarimetry with the NLST 156
K. Sankarasubramanian, S.S. Hasan, and K.E. Rangarajan
Magnetic Coupling in the Quiet Solar Atmosphere 166
O. Steiner
The Evershed Effect with SOT/Hinode 186
K. Ichimoto and the SOT/Hinode Team
The Evershed Flow and the Brightness of the Penumbra 193
L.R. Bellot Rubio
A Topology for the Penumbral Magnetic Fields 210

J. S´anchez Almeida
Theoretical Models of Sunspot Structure and Dynamics 229
J.H. Thomas
Convection and the Origin of Evershed Flows 243
˚
A. Nordlund and G.B. Scharmer
The Magnetic Field of Solar Spicules 255
R. Centeno, J. Trujillo Bueno, and A. Asensio Ramos
Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection 261
C.E. Parnell and A.L. Haynes
Signatures of Coronal Heating Mechanisms 277
P. Antolin, K. Shibata, T. Kudoh, D. Shiota, and D. Brooks
Waves in Polar Coronal Holes 281
D. Banerjee
MHD Wave Heating Diagnostics 287
Y. Taroyan and R. Erd´elyi
Contents ix
Coronal Mass Ejections from Sunspot and Non-Sunspot
Regions 289
N. Gopalswamy, S. Akiyama, S. Yashiro, and P. M¨akel¨a
CME Observations from STEREO 308
N. Srivastava
Low-Frequency Radio Observations of Coronal Magnetic
Fields 318
R. Ramesh, S.M. Sonnett, and C. Kathiravan
Evolution of Near-Sun Solar Wind Turbulence 324
P.K. Manoharan
The Solar-Stellar Connection 332
J.H.M.M. Schmitt
Summary and Perspective 346

N.O. Weiss
Part III Poster Presentations
Evidence for Return Meridional Flows in the Convection Zone 357
K.R. Sivaraman, H. Sivaraman, S.S. Gupta, and R.F. Howard
Long-Term Variations in Meridional Flows 361
J. Javaraiah
Low-Degree High-Frequency p and g Modes in the Solar Core 364
S. Mathur, R.A. Garc´ıa, and A. Eff-Darwich
Interior and Exterior Clues of Solar Activity 368
S. Turck-Chi`eze, A.S. Brun, V. Duez, R.A. Garc´ıa,S.Mathis,
L. Piau, D. Salabert, P.L. Pall´e, S.J. Jim´enez-Reyes, S. Mathur,
R. Simoniello, and J.M. Robillot
Do Active Regions Modify Oscillation Frequencies? 374
S.C. Tripathy, K. Jain, and F. Hill
Deep-Focus Diagnostics of Sunspot Structure 378
H. Moradi and S.M. Hanasoge
Are Polar Faculae Generated by a Local Dynamo? 386
K.R. Sivaraman, H.M. Antia, and S.M. Chitre
x Contents
The Hanle Effect as Diagnostic Tool for Turbulent Magnetic
Fields 390
L.S. Anusha, M. Sampoorna, H. Frisch, and K.N. Nagendra
Phase III of the USO Solar Vector Magnetograph 395
S. Gosain and P. Venkatakrishnan
Revisit of the Classic Wilson Effect 398
S.P. Bagare
The Waldmeier Effect in Sunspot Cycles 402
B.B. Karak and A.R. Choudhuri
Flare-Driven Acoustic Modes in the Sun 405
B. Kumar and P. Venkatakrishnan

Dynamics of Active Regions Revealed by Tracking of Doppler
Features 410
M.
ˇ
Svanda, M. Sobotka, M. Klvaˇna, and V. Bumba
The Growth of a Primitive Penumbra 413
P. Sreejith, A. Tritschler, and K. Sankarasubramanian
Evershed Flow Velocities During 100 Years 417
K.M. Hiremath
The Thermal Structure of Sunspots 421
K.M. Hiremath and B.B. Akshatha
Bright Points in G-Band and Ca II H Images from Hinode 424
C.L. Pradeep and R. Kariyappa
Waves in the Transition Region 426
E. Scullion, R. Erd´elyi, and J.G. Doyle
Viscous Damping of Alfv
´
en Surface Waves with Steady Flows 429
G.D. Rathinavelu, M. Sivaraman, and A.S. Narayanan
Statistical Detection of Propagating Waves in a Polar Coronal
Hole 433
G.R. Gupta, E. O’Shea, D. Banerjee, M. Popescu, and J.G. Doyle
Contents xi
Network Loop Oscillations with EIS/Hinode 437
A.K. Srivastava, D. Kuridze, T.V. Zaqarashvili, B.N. Dwivedi,
and B. Rani
Dynamical Evolution of X-Ray Bright Points with Hinode/XRT 440
R. Kariyappa, B.A. Varghese, E.E. DeLuca,
and A.A. van Ballegooijen
Helicity at Photospheric and Chromospheric Heights 443

S.K. Tiwari, P. Venkatakrishnan, and K. Sankarasubramanian
Evolution of Coronal Helicity in a Twisted Emerging Active
Region 448
B. Ravindra and D.W. Longcope
Power-Law Nanoflare Heating 452
L. Prasad and V.K. Joshi
Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Polar Coronal Plumes 454
K. Wilhelm, B.N. Dwivedi, and W. Curdt
A Flaring Polar Filament 459
C. Dumitrache
Solar X-Ray Processes 463
P.C.V. Mallik, J.C. Brown, and A.L. MacKinnon
Time-Varying Thermal Emission in Solar Flares 465
R. Jain, A.S. Rajpurohit, M. Aggarwal, R. Jamwal, and A. Awasthi
Multi-Wavelength View of Flare Events on 20 November 2003 471
P. Kumar, P.K. Manoharan, and W. Uddin
Time-Delay Between Solar Soft X-Ray
and EUV Flare Emissions 475
M.B. Dhanya and A. Bhardwaj
Major Surge Activity of Super-Active Region NOAA 10484 478
W. Uddin, P. Kumar, A.K. Srivastava, and R. Chandra
Coronal Magnetic Field Estimation Using Type-II Radio Bursts 482
K.R. Subramanian, E. Ebenezer, and K.H. Raveesha
Acceleration of CMEs Associated with Eruptive Prominences 485
A.D. Joshi and N. Srivastava
xii Contents
Interplanetary Consequences of a Large CME 489
M. Lahkar, P.K. Manoharan, K. Mahalakshmi, K. Prabhu,
G. Agalya, S. Shaheda Begum, and P. Revathi
Solar System Resonances on Light-Travel Time Scales

Set Up before Proto-Sun’s Nuclear Ignition 494
M.H. Gokhale
Part IV Summaries of Presentations Published Elsewhere
Cycle Prediction from Dynamo Theory 498
A.R. Choudhuri
Why Does the Torsional Oscillation Precede the Sunspot Cycle? 500
P. Chatterjee, S. Chakraborty, and A.R. Choudhuri
The Subsurface Magnetic Structure of Solar Active Regions 502
C H.Lin,S.Basu,andL.Li
Sunspot Magnetometry from Kodaikanal 504
K. Nagaraju, K. Sankarasubramanian, and K.E. Rangarajan
Vector Magnetic Field in Emerging Flux Regions 505
B. Schmieder and E. Pariat
Evolution of Umbral Dots and Penumbral Grains 507
M. Sobotka and J. Jurˇc´ak
Strong, Localized Downflows in a Sunspot Light Bridge 509
R.E. Louis, L.R. Bellot Rubio, S.K. Mathew,
and P. Venkatakrishnan
Small-Scale Velocities in Sunspot Penumbrae 510
M. Franz, R. Schlichenmaier, and W. Schmidt
Photospheric Temperatures from Ca II H 511
V.M.J. Henriques, D. Kiselman, and M. van Noort
Dual-Line Spectral Imaging of the Chromosphere 513
G. Cauzzi, K. Reardon, R.J. Rutten, A. Tritschler,
and H. Uitenbroek
Inversions of High-Cadence SOLIS-VSM Stokes Observations 515
C.E. Fischer, C.U. Keller, and F. Snik
Contents xiii
Flows in Flaring and Dormant Active Regions 516
R.A. Maurya and A. Ambastha

Magnetic and Velocity Field Changes Related to the Solar
Flares of 28 and 29 October 2003 517
R.A. Maurya and A. Ambastha
A Numerical Investigation of Unsheared Flux Cancelation 518
J.T. Karpen, S.K. Antiochos, C.R. DeVore, and M.G. Linton
Wave Heating of Coronal Loops with Steady Flows 520
V.S. Pandey, P. Venkatakrishnan, and A.S. Narayanan
Damping of Prominence Oscillations in Steady Equilibrium 521
K.A.P. Singh and B.N. Dwivedi
Variation of Network Contrast with Height 522
K.P. Raju
A Flaring Twisted Emerging Flux Region 523
R. Chandra, B. Schmieder, G. Aulanier, and J.M. Malherbe
Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection Outflows in a Flare seen
by Hinode/EIS 525
P. Kumar, A.K. Srivastava, and W. Uddin
Does Coronal Rotation Period Depend on the Sunspot
Number? 526
H.O. Vats, S. Chandra, and K.N. Iyer
Coronal Magnetic Field from an Extreme Radio Burst 529
E. Ebenezer, K.H. Raveesha, and K.R. Subramanian
CME Kinematics and Dynamics 530
C H. Lin and P.T. Gallagher
Solar Wind Monitoring with SWIM-SARA Onboard
Chandrayaan-1 531
A. Bhardwaj, S. Barabash, R. Sridharan, M. Wieser, M.B. Dhanya,
Y. Futaana, K. Asamura, Y. Kazama, D. McCann, S. Varier,
E. Vijayakumar, S.V. Mohankumar, K.V. Raghavendra, T. Kurian,
R.S. Thampi, H. Andersson, J. Svensson, S. Karlsson, J. Fischer,
M. Holmstrom, P. Wurz, and R. Lundin

xiv Contents
Coupling of the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere 533
Badruddin, V. Gupta, and Y.P. Singh
The FIP Effect in RV Tauri Stars 535
B.E. Reddy
Author Index 536
Conference Photograph xv
xvi Conference Photograph
1 Robert J. Rutten 35 K. M. Hiremath 69 Vinod Krishan
2 K. B. Ramesh 36 B. S. Nagabhushana 70 Chia-Hsien Lin
3 K. Nagaraju 37 Viggo H. Hansteen 71 Sabita Mathur
4 A. Satyanarayanan 38 Bart De Pontieu 72 Dulce Isabel Gonzalez
5 Vasco Henriques 39 A. R. Choudhuri 73 Piyali Chatterjee
6 Procheta C. V. Mallik 40 John H. Thomas 74 Patrick Antolin
7 David G. Rathinavelu 41 Terry G. Forbes 75 Nandita Srivastava
8 Rohan Eugene Louis 42 Nigel O. Weiss 76 Rebecca Centeno
9 Oskar Steiner 43 S. P. Bagare 77 Ada Ortiz Carbonell
10 Gautam Narayan 44 Ramesh Chandra 78 Elena Khomenko
11 Morten Franz 45 Edwin Ebenezer 79 S. S. Hasan
12 K. Ichimoto 46 P. K. Manoharan 80 Brigitte Schmieder
13 Lokesh Bharti 47 Wahab Uddin 81 Jan Olof Stenflo
14 Girjesh R. Gupta 48 Catherine E. Fischer 82 K. N. Nagendra
15 P. Sreejith 49 Claire E. Parnell 83 Cristiana Dumitrache
16 John W. Leibacher 50 Dana W. Longcope 84 Javier Trujillo Bueno
17 Lalan Prasad 51 Eric Priest 85 Rajmal Jain
18 Ram Ajor Maurya 52 Dibyendu Nandi 86 K. R. Sivaraman
19 Dipankar Banerjee 53 S. Tsuneta 87 H. O. Vats
20 V. S. Pandey 54 Badruddin 88 Craig Deforest
21 S. K. Tiwari 55 Judith T. Karpen 89 Indrajit V. Barve
22 R. Kariyappa 56 K. Shibata 90 S. P. Rajaguru

23 James A. Klimchuk 57 K. Chandrashekhar 91 R. Ramesh
24 Brajesh Kumar 58 S. C. Tripathy 92 Davina Innes
25 A. D. Joshi 59 Bhola N. Dwivedi 93 Jagdev Singh
26 Jorge S´anchez Almeida 60 Doddamani 94 K. Sankarasubramanian
27 Shibu K. Mathew 61 S. M. Chitre 95 D. Lakshmaiah
28 Michal Sobotka 62 Ch. V. Sastry 96 Lakshmi Pradeep Chitta
29 Michal
ˇ
Svanda 63 Ramit Bhattachaiqryya 97 Pankaj Kumar
30 Mats Carlsson 64 Moreswhar H. Gokhale 98 Manabendra Lakhar
31 K. A. P. Singh 65 Paola Testa 99 Malali Sampoorna
32 K. P. Raju 66 P. Venkatakrishnan 100 L. S. Anusha
33 J¨urgen H. M. M. Schmitt 67 Douglas O. Gough 101 Swati Routh
34 Bernhard Fleck 68 Anil Bhardwaj 102 B. B. Karak
List of Participants
Antolin, Patrick Kwasan Observatory, Kyoto University, Japan
and
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway,

Anusha, L. S. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Badruddin Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, badr

Bagare, S. P. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India
Banerjee, Dipankar Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Bellot Rubio, Luis R. Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andalucia, Granada, Spain,

Bhardwaj, Anil Indian Space Research Organisation, Bangalore, India,
Anil

Bharti, Lokesh MPI f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung, Lindau, Germany,

Bhattacharyya, Ramit High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, USA,

Brun, A. Sacha Service d’Astrophysique, Saclay, France,
Carlsson, Mats Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo, Norway,

S. Chakraborty Department of Theoretical Sciences, S. N. Bose Centre for Basic
Sciences, Kolkata-700098, India
Chandra, Ramesh Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France,

Chandrashekhar, K. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

xvii
xviii List of Participants
Chatterjee, Piyali Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute
of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400005, India,
Chia-Hsien Lin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland,
Chitre,S.M. University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India,
Chitta, L. Pradeep University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India,

Choudhuri, Arnab R. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore-560012, India,
De Pontieu, Bart Lockheed Martin, Palo Alto, USA,

DeForest, Craig E. Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, USA,

Dumitrache, Cristiana Astronomy Institute, Bucharest, Romania,

Dwivedi, Bhola N. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India,

Ebenezer, Edwin Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Elliott Centeno, Rebecca Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, La Laguna,
Spain,
Erdelyi, Robertus University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
robertus@sheffield.ac.uk
Fleck, Bernhard European Space Agency, GSFC, Greenbelt, USA,
bfl
Fischer, Catherine E. Sterrekundig Instituut, Utrecht, The Netherlands,

Forbes, Terry G. University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA,

Franz, Morten Kiepenheuer Institut f¨ur Sonnenphysik, Freiburg, Germany,

Gokhale, M. H. D. P. Road, Kothrud, Pune, India,
Gonzalez-Gomez, Dulce I. Instituto de Geofisica, Mexico City, Mexico,
dulce@geofisica.unam.mx
Gopalswamy, Nat NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland,
USA,
Gosain, Sanjay Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
List of Participants xix
Gough, Douglas O. Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK,

Gupta, Girjesh R. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Hanasoge, Shravan M. Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA,

Hansteen, Viggo H. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo, Norway,

Hasan, S. S. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Henriques, Vasco Institute for Solar Physics, Stockholm, Sweden,

Hiremath, K. M. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Ichimoto, Kiyoshi Kyoto University, Kyotot, Japan,

Innes, Davina MPI f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung, Lindau, Germany,

Jain, Rajmal Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India,

Jamwal, R. Department of Physics, Barkatullah university, Bhopal, India
Javaraiah, J. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Joshi, Anand D. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,

Joshi, Chandan Mohanla Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India,

Karak, Bidya B. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
bidya

Kariyappa, R. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Karpen, Judith T. NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, USA,

Kathiravan, C. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Khomenko, Elena Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain,

xx List of Participants
Klimchuk, James A. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland,
USA,
Krishan, Vinod Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Kumar, Brajesh Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
Kumar, Pankaj Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences,
Nainital, India,
Lahkar, Manabendra Centre for Radio Astronomy, Department of Physics,
Cotton College, Guwahati, Assam, India
and
Radio Astronomy Centre, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India,
Leibacher, John W. National Solar Observatory, Tucson, USA,

Longcope, Dana W. Montana State University, Bozeman, USA,

Louis, Rohan E. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,

Mallik, Procheta C. V. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow,
Scotland,
Manoharan, P. K. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Udhagamandalam
(Ooty), India,
Mathew, Shibu K. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
Mathur, Savita Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Maurya, Ram A. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
Moestl, Christian Space Research Institute, Graz, Austria,

Moradi, Hamed Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,

Nagabhushana, B. S. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Nagaraju, K. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Nagendra, K. N. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

List of Participants xxi
Nandi, Dibyendu Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata,
India,
Narayan, Gautam Institute for Solar Physics, Stockholm, Sweden,

Nordlund,
˚
Ake Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark,
Ortiz Carbonell, Ada Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo, Norway,

Pandey, Vinay S. Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India,

Parnell, Clare E. University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland,

Prasad, L. Kumaun University, Nainital, India,
Priest, Eric R. University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland,

Rajaguru, S. P. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Raju,K.P. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Ramesh, K. B. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Ramesh, R. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,
Rathinavelu, David G. Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram, India,
david

Ravindra, B. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Reddy, Eswar B. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Routh, Swati University of Texas, Arlington, USA, swati

Rutten, Robert J. Sterrekundig Instituut, Utrecht, The Netherlands,

Sampoorna, Malali Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

S
´
anchez Almeida, Jorge Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain,

Sankarasubramanian, K. Indian Space Research Organisation, Bangalore, India,

xxii List of Participants
Sastry, Ch. V. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Satyanarayanan, A. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Schmieder, Brigitte LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France,

Schmitt, J´urgen H. M. M. Hamburger Sternwarte, Hamburg, Germany,

Scullion, Eamon Armagh Observatory, Armagh, Northern Ireland,

Shibata, Kazunari Kyoto university, Kyoto, Japan,

Singh, Jagdev Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Singh, K. A. P. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Sivaraman, K. R. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Sobotka, Michal Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic,

Sreejith, P. Indian Space Research Organisation, Bangalore, India,

Srivastava, A. K. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences,
Nainital, India,
Srivastava, Nandita Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,

Steiner, Oskar Kiepenheuer Institut f¨ur Sonnenphysik, Freiburg, Germany,

Stenflo, Jan Olof Institute of Astronomy, Zurich, Switzerland,
stenfl
Subramanian, K. R. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,

Subramanian, Prasad IISER, Pune, India,
ˇ
Svanda, Michal Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic,

Testa, Paola Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, USA,

List of Participants xxiii
Thomas, John H. University of Rochester, Rochester, USA,

Tiwari, Sanjiv K. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
Tripathy, Sushanta C. National Solar Observatory, Tucson, USA,

Trujillo Bueno, Javier Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain,

Tsuneta, Saku National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan,

Uddin, Wahab Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital,
India,
Vats, Hari O. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
Venkatakrishnan, P. Udaipur Solar Observatory, Udaipur, India,
Vigeesh, G. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India,
Weiss, Nigel O. DAMTP, Cambridge, UK,
Part I
Preamble
Republication of: Radial Movement in Sunspots
S.S. Hasan
Reproduced below is the original discovery paper on the radial motion in sunspots
by John Evershed published in Kodaikanal Observatory Bulletin No. 15, 1909.
S.S. Hasan (

)
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India
S.S. Hasan and R.J. Rutten (eds.), Magnetic Coupling between the Interior
and Atmosphere of the Sun, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02859-5
1,

c
 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
2