Past Perfect - Quá khứ Hoàn thành ppsx

Past Perfect - Quá khứ Hoàn thành


FORM of Past Perfect
The Past Perfect has two parts: the past tense of the verb 'to have' (=had) + the past
participle (PP) of the main verb. See examples below.
S + had + PP
I had learnt English.
He had swum well.
They had watched TV.
S + had not+ PP
I hadn't learnt English.
He hadn't swum well.
They had not watched TV.
Had + S + PP?
Had you learnt English?
Had he swum well?
Had they watched TV?

The Past Perfect refers to an event earlier than a specific event in the past. It is
used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does
not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one
happened first.
In the following example, Event A happens before Event B.

You had studied English before you moved to New York

Even A Event B
When she got to the station,

the train has left

Even B Event A



USEs of Past Perfect
1. to describe a completed action before an event in the past.
 I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
 Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
 Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
 She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
 Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
 We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in
advance.
 A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.
2. Past Perfect + just
'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time
earlier than the later event.
 She had just left when he arrived.
 They had just turned on the TV when the electricity is out.

Forms of Negatives and Questions
Negative sentences and questions are formed with the auxiliary verb 'had'.
 She hadn't got an English certificate when she got the job.
 Had it rained before you came to London?