CHUYÊN ĐỀ: SINH TRƯỞNG CỦA THỰC VẬT BẬC CAO ppt

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 !"#$%&''
((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
)*+,"
 
" -./01234
 103//0/5634473
.8+34/9,&,3/
:;/3/<
-=/>,3/?34+@AB*/934C3DEFCAA

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
Sinh trưng rê
I. GH/73I,3/1J"
1. 
34K31JL5M;L03/N0OH/>P
*Q3;R34S5T,;UP*1VS5T,W9EXE34P@IP2
;/YH1J-
• P2Z/,/:*3[@EXE*/\*Q3;R34;UP1J
/\3/*/+3/3.31J;/>3/]1J;^HA_
2. 
• `3/1JZ/G34/\3/*/+3/;9;E^2W=,a.33/5
EXEW9?EXE;+3/-
• 34K31JLYW+NR343/b34*ca+83/d;Y
Z/[3D34H/73;/,P*>;/;e;-
• 34K31JZ/9;NT,34K3;/=,?3YH/73;/,P*/f8;[F/5T34-YH/73
;/,P;[N)H/>P*1V;Lg*:8*/731J?;[N)H/>PLh,S,i3Lg*:8*/+3/;/YH1J-
3.  !" !#$%

• K,*ca+8*18341JL)2aj*342=3*kA3/YE*ca+8*1834*1234*7E34/`;UP1J-
^2*1<;3+@3lE34P@H/>PIP2;/YH1JN+aP84=EZ/8[34mCC(ACCC;9;*c
a+8S5n343/5Z/G34/8:*Lo34-
• /b34*ca+83+@*/5n34W+*18344,P,
L8:3A;UP;/2Zp*ca+8N+H/73
;/,P;/`;YZ/8[34Am(FC34+@qWX3-
• /YE*ca+8*1834*1234*7E34/`/8:*
Lo341rZ/,1JH/9**1,g3*>;/;e;N+
34k34  Z/, ;7@ *1834 s29  *1\3/  34U?
*/,c2S,3/S5t34/8u;a0W8:,ad;/YH
1J-
2 | P a g e
Sinh trưng rê
• 9;*ca+8*1834*1234*7E34/`N+Z/9;3/P2OIe 3/:@;[ENT,EG,
*15n343/5av;w:-&>SV?;9;*ca+834k34H/73;/,PZ/,*,cHw<;NT,*,P
x*1834Z/,;9;*ca+8*1834*1234*7E34/`Z/G34a0[3//5O34aO,av;w:N+
ITEaj*LX2H/73;/,PLg*9,*:8;9;-
Chú thích :
• 5n34  E+2  Ld"  ;9;
*,)3*5M34*X34-
• 5n34E+2  wP3/"  *c
a+8Nd-
• 5n34E+2N+34"*,)3
a\-
 /v;3D34";9;*ca+8*1834*1234*7E34/`3/5Eo*342=3Se*1bLg*/P@*/c
;9;*ca+8;UPEGH/73I,3/a0*y3*/5634-9;Z/O,I,3/L5M;*y;/v;A
;9;/wcH*X34-z,WTH;/8AEG;V*/g-
YaP*X34Z/9;3/P2;UPZ/O,I,3/
;/8;9;*X34E{-
&-UP*1V4,bP'-UPNd

(-UP;/YH1JN+*X34I,3/a\];7@FW9
EXE_
)-UP*X34I,3/a\];7@AW9EXE_
*+UP;/YH1J];7@AW9EXE_
,+ 1V;UP;/YH1JH/73;/,PSK;*/f8
N|34s2P3/1JLg;/8;9;w234s2P3/
;UP;/YH1J
-+X34I,3/a\.+Nd
/+*1V
3 | P a g e
/e;NQ*AW9EXE
/e;NQ*FW9EXE
Sinh trưng rê
 1834/X2/c*;9; #012#345?;9;*c a+8;UP *X34I,3/a\ ;Y
;/234342=34h;NT,;9;*ca+8;/YH1J6#7 #+89:1;<=
 1834Z/,O/X2/c*;9;#012>345*^*;[;9;*ca+8Z/O,I,3/
L)2;Y342=34h;Lo;WQHNT,;/YH1J-6#7 #+9?@A=+
\3/}I6W5M;;/8;9;H/5634*/v;*D34*15O344h;L`3/*1834NQ*/P,W9EXE-
\3/~}•I6W5M;;/8;9;H/5634*/v;*D34*15O344h;L`3/*1834NQ*Eo*W9EXE-
• /,1JEK;S+,1PN+LX21JEK;I72N+8*1834L^**/\Eo*Ih*ca+8OEu*348+,
;UP;/YH1J;Y*/ga0*y3*/5634N+IP2LYL5M;*/P@*/cA;9;/;/ULo34al34
3/b34*ca+8ET,S8IeH/73;j**ca+8;UP34K3-
/X3WT3;9;*ca+8ET,L5M;*:81P3lEwP;/YH1J-
• GH/73I,3/*,cH*V;H/73;j*;/8*ca+8ET,N+LX21J*,cH*V;EK;I72N+8
*1834L^*-
• />3/;9;*ca+8L5M;*:81P*kEGH/73I,3/3+@I€*/+3/WQHEGI6;^H;/81J
4. <#B C !1J/8+3;/`3/4=ENR34

4 | P a g e
&R34;/YH1J

&R34H/73/YP
&R34Z•8S+,
&R34WG34
/<*
Sinh trưng rê
GH/73I,3/34K31J3lE*1834E,)3I,3/*15O34H/73/YP;/81PW8:,EGH/73
I,3/I6;^H"
• Tầng sinh bì "]WTH342@.3a\_3lEO348+,;R34;/81Pa,g2a\;UP1J
• Tầng sinh vỏ "]EGH/73I,3/;6a[3_3lEO4,bPI,3/1P;9;*ca+8;UPNdI6
;^HN+Nd*1834-
• X34I,3/*1V"]*X34*15T;H/9*I,3/_3lEOH/>P*1834;R34;/81P*1V4,bP
;/vPEGS‚3?*X34H/9*I,3/N+Nd*1V-
[*X34;R34w2^*H/9**kEo*3/YE*ca+8Z/O,I,3/OL`3/1J?3/YE*ca+8LY/KH
W:,*/+3/đỉnh sinh trưởng]/P@nón sinh trưởng_-
eH/73;/,P*ca+8O;9;NR34Z/9;3/P2*1834EG
H/73I,3/1J
5 | P a g e
Vng lông ht
Sinh trưng rê
 ,g2a\"4=E;9;*ca+8S+,?;YN9;/Ed34?wcHI9*
3/P2?;Y*/g/YP;2*,3/8u;/YPaX3-,g2a\1J*/5n34;YEo*WTH-1.3a,g2a\
;UP1J;Y;9;WG34/<*?WG34/<*EK;*/.EOH/X3383N+;/c*L,OH/X34,+3.3
LoS+,;UPL8:31JEP34WG34/<*Z/G34Ly,-
• &dI6;^H"S8*X34I,3/Nd;UP34K3I,3/1P?4=E;9;*ca+8*5634Lh,
L=34L)2?N9;/Ed34al34wf3W2W8ƒ6-
• 1V4,bP]*1234*1V_"
„&d*1V"O1J383?Nd*1V4=E;9;*ca+8EGE)E;YN9;/Ed34
„i*/h34S‚3"4=E;9;aY4zN+aYW,afwcH*/+3/S[,1,.34a,i*wf3Z€3/P2?3lE
S5T,Nd*1VN+wcH*/+3/N|34s2P3/*1V4,bP-
Chóp rễ:

 +H/X3*Q3;R34;UP1J?4=E;9;
*ca+8EGE)E?Ih34?*/5n34;/vP
*,3/ao*à*,cH3/Q3We;/<**19,L^*
à47@/,i3*5M34/5T34*1K34We;-

#D1E "
[8Ni;/834K31JN+4,b
;/81JZ/d,a0w7@w9*Z/,L7EI72N+8
L^*3/nIe/YP3/X@?/YPaX3E+34;UP
;9;*ca+8348+,;R34-
I,3/;/^*3/X@4,+2H8W@IP;P1,*à3/n*/g8W4,à1P348+,aG,*163-
6 | P a g e
Sinh trưng rê
II.  #F% !
• k*1234*7E34/`?*ca+8Z/O,I,3/
H/73;/,P*/+3/F*ca+8-1834LYA
*,cH*V;W+*ca+8Z/O,I,3/?AH/73
;/,P*,cHEo*IhWX31=,;/2@g3IP34
H/P  I,3/ *15O34  Z•8 S+, *:8  E,)3
I,3/*15O34]cách đầu rễ 0,2 - 2mm_
• :,E,)3I,3/*15O34;9;*ca+8*D34
;/,)2S+,AC(AmWX3-
1.  #F% !GH6I #F% !IJKL=
,3/*15O34SK;S8EGH/73I,3/L`3/1JL[E3/Q3-
( GH/73I,3/L`3/1J;YOLX21J?OLYW2G3;Ys29*1\3/H/73;/,P*ca+8-h
W5M34*ca+8OEGH/73I,3/L`3/1J*/5n34w2@.3*D34W.3Z…E*/f8Ie*D34
Z>;/*/5T;*ca+8-†‚3Lc3W+E*D34;/,)2S+,;UP1J-

7 | P a g e
ca+8LP34H/73;/,P

Sinh trưng rê
JL5M;Z•8S+,
2.  #F% ! ! !6I #F% !#BKL=
( P2Eo**/n,4,P3H/9**1,g34,P*D34N);/,)2S+,1J;7@*/5n34aj*LX2S+@W.3‡
s29*1\3/;/2N,;UP1JWT3*/.EW+s29*1\3/I,3/*15O3434P34?a,g2/,i31r
1+343/^*O3/b34;7@*/734z-
( ,3/*15O3434P34S8EGH/73I,3/*5M34*X34L[E3/Q3-
( ˆ7@W+W8:,EGLu;*1534;/8;9;W8:,*/734z-GH/73I,3/*5M34*X34W+E
*D34IhW5M34*ca+8à4,<H1J*8N)a)34P34-
M"w@WfE"HW8fE<";PEa,2E]*5M34*X34_
( ‰29*1\3/I,3/*15O34*/v;^HS8IeH/73a+8;UPEGH/73I,3/*/v;^H-
8 | P a g e
Sinh trưng rê
( GH/73I,3/*/v;^H]*5M34*X34_*/5n34W+E*/+3/WTHaP8W^@*1234*1V1J?
wcHI834I834NT,;9;EGZ/9;*18341J-ca+8;UP*5M34*X34;Y/\3/;/b
3/Q*S{H?N9;/;fWW2W8IfEd34N+W+E*/+3/Eo*WTH*ca+8?H/73;j**ca+8*/f8
/5T34*,cH*2@c3N);[/P,a.3WTH*5M34*X34WX3W5M*;/8N+8*1834N+;/81P
348+,3Y;9;*ca+8ET,-
( GH/73I,3/*/v;^HaP84=E*5M34*X34W,af(Eo;]*X34I,3/E:;/_N+*5M34
*X34I2af3/2a\]*X34I,3/aX3?*5M34*X34aX3_-
a. FN !5 !3OPQ>
(5M34*X34W,af(Eo;H/9*I,3/*k;9;*ca+83/2EG*1834EGE:;/?;YN0*1>3/^*
L03/W+3lE4,bP3/534a.3348+,EGEo;N+a.3*1834EGW,af?Z/,*ca+8H/73;j*
*:81PEGEo;*/v;^HOa.3*1834N+EGW,af*/v;^HOa.3348+,34P@I9**5M34*X34
W,af(4z-
(/>3/Ie/8:*Lo34;UP*5M34*X343+@W+342@.33/73;/>3/;UPIe4,P*D34
L5n34Z>3/;UP1J-e/8:*Lo34;UP*5M34*X34W,afEo;*R@*/2o;N+8*k34W8:,;7@
N+*R@*/2o;N+8;[EG,*15n34E+;7@Ih34?*/5n34*5M34*X343+@/8:*Lo34*/n,
4,P3S+,-
9 | P a g e

Sinh trưng rê

b. FN !5 !IOPQ #O765 !I #O5 =
10 | P a g e
Rễ bốn cực
Rễ đa cực
Rễ song cực
Sinh trưng rê
( /,s29*1\3/I,3/*15O34*/v;^Haj*LX2?H/X3Nda.3348+,*/73aj*LX2*1Y;
1PN+I€L5M;*/P@*/cal34WTHNdET,?/,i3*5M343+@W+S8Ie/8:*Lo34;UP
*5M34*X34I2af(3/2a\-
( ca+8;UP*X34I,3/aX33+@;Y/\3/*1V?w2^*/,i3Z/G343/^*L03/*1834E,)3
Nd1J?3Y*:83.3WTH;/2a\a.3348+,W+WTHEGa[8Ni1J;UP;7@*15O34*/+3/?
S8*ca+8aX3*/5n34*ŠE*/.EWTHI9Ha.3348+,-
( 5M34*X343+@H/73;j*;/81Pa.3348+,W+EGI2af/P@EG;/f;/O*/v;^H
I€*/P@*/ca,g2a\Z/,;6s2P34,+?a.3*1834W+3/2EG*/v;^H/P@3/2a\/P@
WV;a\-
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*/P@*/cal34Eo**5M34*X34ET,-TH;/2a\L5M;Wo*1PI2h*IeH/9**1,g3*/v
;^H?;/>3/EGW,af*/v;^HI€;/81PWTH*X34I,3/aX3ET,IP2Z/,WTH;/2a\a0
Wo*L,-
III. 0L#4 OR
( Ja.3L5M;/\3/*/+3/*kNd*1VON0*1>;9;;e;w@WfE;UP1JE{N+*/5n34W+
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w@WfEN+H/W8fE‡1JaP?ah3N+3DE;e;*/\ON0*1>Lh,S,i3NT,w@WfE‡;|3O
*/e;NQ*o*W9EXE?1i3/,)2;e;*/\W:,OH/>PLh,S,i3NT,H/8WfE-
( Ja.3L5M;/\3/*/+3/OH/X3348:,N,;UP*1VS‚3;9;/EGH/73I,3/*Q3;R34
Eo*Z/8[34S+,34j3Z/9;3/P2-
11 | P a g e
Trụ bì

Nội bì
Vỏ
Sinh trưng rê
( /f8*1\3/*eH/9**1,g3;UP1Ja.3E+345n,*PH/73a,i*1Ja.3;^H/P,?1Ja.3
;^HaP?
( Ja.3;UP*/e;NQ*FW9EXE
N+AW9EXEL5M;/\3/*/+3/
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Ie/\3/*/+3/3+@-
( e/\3/*/+3/1Ja.3L5M;Z>;/*/>;/aO,P2w,3N+;9;;/^*L,)2/|PI,3/*15O34
Z/9;?3/534*/5n34a034D3;[3aO,;/^*Z\E/ŒE3o,I,3/-
( o*Ih*ca+8Z)3/P2;UPNd*1V;Y;/^*342@.3I,3/S+@Lu;N+aj*LX2H/73
;/,P*/f8/5T34aP8s2P3/Lg;/2Š3a0;/8N,i;/\3/*/+3/1Ja.3-
( /b34*ca+83+@*,cH*V;H/73;/,P*/f8/5T34aP8s2P3/N+/5T34*/•344Y;-
/b34*ca+83+@*:8*/+3/A;/zW=,?*v;W+EXE1J-XE1JH/9**1,g3N);/,)2
S+,?w2@.3s2PNdN+*/89*1Pa)Eu*-
\3/"Ja.3w2@.3s2PWTHNd-
( 9;*ca+83o,a\I€L5M;H/9**1,g3;R34NT,EXE1J?3/534*ca+8Nd*/\a0
a,c3S:34?a0•HS{H?a0LŠ@1P348+,N+;Y*/ga0*,.2/U@aO,/8:*Lo34;UP
f3ƒ@Ef-
( 18344,P,L8:33+@1^*SJa0;9;EXEai3/w7E3/QHS8E^*L,Eh,W,.3/i
4,bP1Ja.3N+Nd1JE{-
( ca+8EGH/73I,3/1Ja.3*,c*f3ƒ@Ef*/U@H/73/|P*P3N9;/*ca+83.3H/X3
1Ja.33/<1P348+,-
12 | P a g e
Sự phát triển của lông hút
Nhân
Mấu lồi từ vách tế bào
Các không bào kết hợp lại
Nhân và các chất tế bào chuyển vào lông ht

Không bào trung tâm lớn
Chất tế bào
Nhân ở đầu của lông ht
Sinh trưng rê
IV. 0#7 ##; #3S !#T
( G34/<*L5M;/\3/*/+3/W+S8IeZ•8S+,;UP*ca+8a,g2a\-/73;UP*ca+8
S,;/2@g3Lc3LX2;UP*ca+8WG34/<*ET,;R34NT,3/,)2*ca+8;/^*-
( G34/<*;YAZ/G34a+8*1234*7EWT3-ca+8WG34/<*;Y*/+3/*ca+8Ed34
N+9HI2^**/ŠE*/^2WT3?*/2Q3WM,;/8N,i;/^H*/V35T;N+;9;E2h,/|P*P3-
( G34/<*W+E*D34*/.ES,i3*>;/*,cHw<;NT,L^*N+*/G34s2PLY35T;N+;/^*
S,3/S5t34/|P*P3;Y*/gS,;/2@g3N+81J-2@3/,.3*/n,4,P3*=3*:,;UP
;/<3434j3?N+;/`Z•8S+,Eo*34+@
/8u;N+,*2X3*15T;Z/,;/<34I2@
*+3N+;/c*-
( 1834  EG, *15n34  s29  52  *15634?
s29Pw,*?*/,c28w,WG34/<*1^*SJ
4Œ@N+*,.2a,c3à;7@O;:3a034QH
<34W7234+@I€;/c*-
V. U #  #F% !    8V  3R  I #
F% !
• &\Ie/\3/*/+3/1Ja.3aP84=E
4,P,L8:3"
 e  H/73  ;/,P  ;UP  EG  H/73
I,3/a.3]Nd*1V_
 e*:83.3;9;EXE1J-
 e  I,3/  *15O34  Z•8  S+,  ;UP
EXE1JN+IP2LYw2@.3s2PNd1P348+,-
• .3O;9;4,P,L8:3Z/9;3/P2*/\3/2;X2N)/+E
W5M34P2w,3;‹34Z/9;?*/g/,i3"
 ,P,L8:3A"L|,/d,/+EW5M34P2w,3;P8;/8

IeH/[3H/73/YPaP3LX2;UP*ca+8]AC
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w2^*/,i3;UPEXE1J]AC
(B
4q;E

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13 | P a g e
Sinh trưng rê
 ,P,L8:3"/+EW5M34P2w,31^**/^H?3c23/,)2;Y*/gv;;/cIeI,3/
*15O34;UP1J]AC
(AA
AC
(A
4q;E

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• c2s2P3/i4,bPP2w,3N+Ie/\3/*/+3/1Ja.3W+S5634*>3/*/\345M;W:,
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