Green Energy and Technology - Energy for a Warming World Part 10 pdf

References and Notes 163
[52] www.wise-uranium.org/stk.html
[53] OECD, Uranium 2005: Resources, Production Demand. OECD: International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA), 2 June 2006.
[54] Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power, German Aerospace
Centre (DLR), April 2006.
Chapter 5
[1] World Energy Consumption: www.solcomhouse.com/worldenergy.htm
[2] Brockris, J.O’M., Energy Options. Taylor Francis Ltd., London 1980.
[3]
Tickell, O., Kyoto 2: How to Manage the Global Greenhouse. Zen Books, London, 2008.
[4] Breaking the Climate Deadlock. G8 Report, Japan 2008.
[5] The Future of Nuclear Power. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003.
web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/
[6] www.wise-uranium.org/stk.html
[7]
[8]
[9] Bressand, F. et al., Curbing global energy demand growth:the energy productivity opportu-
nity. McKinsey Global Institute, May 2007.
[10] Romm, J.J., The Hype about Hydrogen. Island Press, Washington, 2005.
[11] Horton, G., Forecasts of CO
2
emissions from civil aircraft for IPCC. Qinetic Report No.
06/2178, 2006. (www.berr.gov.uk/files/file35675.pdf)
[12] Synthesis Report of the IPCC, 4th Assessment Report, IPCC, Nov. 2007.
[13] Monbiot, G., Heat. Penguin, 2006
[14] Hillman, M., How We Can Save the Planet. Penguin, 2004. ISBN 0-14-101692-2
[15]
[16] Nissan to launch solar powered city car. Which?, September 2008.

[17] Airship of the Future. Aeroscraft Corp., 2008 (www.aeroscraft.com)

[18] Dossas, V. and Kraft, C., Hydrogen lighter-than-airship. US Patent 6896222, 24/5/2005.
[19] Veldhius, I. et al., A hydrogen fuelled gas-turbine powered high-speed container ship.
International Conference on Fast Sea Transport, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2005.
[20] Sun, wind, fuel cells, power cargo ship of the future. www.peopleandplanet.net, April 2005.
[21] McWhirter, I., Rising from the ashes. Sunday Herald, Scotland, 19 October 2008.
[22] www.autoindustry.co.uk/statistics/
164 References and Notes
[23] Braun, H.W., Solar Sterling gensets for large-scale hydrogen production. Solar Energy
Technology SED-13:21–29, 1992.
[24] Kurokawa, K., Energy from the Desert.
[25] James, W., The Moral Equivalent of War. Essays of Faith and Morals. Longman Green,
New York & London, 1949.
[26] Athanasiou, T., Slow Reckoning. Secker & Warburg, London, 1996.
[27] Hansen, J. et al., Target atmospheric CO
2
: where should humanity aim.
eprint arXiv:0804.1126, April 2008.
[28] Monbiot, G., The Guardian Newspaper, UK, 25 November 2008.
[29] Meadows, D. et al., The Limits to Growth: Thirty Year Update. Earthscan, UK, 2005.
[30] Lovelock, J., The Vanishing Face of Gaia. Basic Books, 2009.
[31] Porritt, J., November 14, 2008,

[32]

165
Index
A
Abbott, Diane, 13
accelerator, 107
actuators, 61

aerodynamic, 53, 54, 136
aeronautic, 134, 139
industry, 134, 139, 140, 141
aerosols, 134
air travel, 15, 131, 133
aircraft
commercial, 131
consumption, 131
fuselage, 131
hydrogen, 131
transcontinental, 132
wings, 131
Alaska, 75, 101
Aleutian Islands, 75
aluminium, 34, 38, 110
ammonia, 103
Ampere, 29
Andes, 75
Angier, Natalie, 42
anode, 104
Antarctica, 3, 9, 36
antenna
aerial, 30
cone, 59
appliances
pump, 43
Arabia, 65, 72
Arctic, 4, 16, 108
Arctic Ocean, 4
Arizona, 73

Ascherson, Neal, 5
Athanasiou, Tom, 6, 141
atmosphere, 1, 46, 104, 130
Auckland, 65
Austin, Texas, 89
Australia, 16, 18, 20, 72, 75
automobile
battery, 131, 132
cars, 14, 99, 132, 133
commercial vehicle, 140
fuel-cell, 132
hydrogen, 131
industry, 134, 139, 140
propulsion, 131
refrigeration, 132
truck, 140
B
Bartlett, A.A., 7
battery, 96, 97, 99, 101
anode, 97
carbon-plastic, 101
cathode, 97
charge, 97
DC-AC, 96
e.m.f. (electromotive force), 98
efficiency, 102
electrolyte, 97
energy density, 102
flexibility, 96
lead-acid, 97

loss, 98
materials, 102
membrane, 101
metal, 107
oil, 102
166 Index
recharge, 132
rechargeable, 97
storage, 96, 120
BBC, 13
Bear Stearns, 5
beholder, 8
Bell, Ian, 12
Betz, Albert, 53
bio-fuel
crops, 131
sea-weed, 137
biosphere, 138
Blair, A., 15, 16
Boeing 747, 131
Boycott, Rosie, 13
Brazil, 11, 20
BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China), 20
brine, 87
Bristol Channel, 64
bromine, 101
Brown, Gordon, 16
Burns, Rabbie, 10
business, 7, 10, 19
C

cable, 38
buried, 39
overhead, 39
undersea, 40
cadmium, 100
calculator, 129
Calhoun, John B., 9
California, 75
Canada, 3, 10, 16, 46, 101
cancer, 116
capacitor, 107, 108, 111, 123
capacitance, 40
ceramic, 109
dielectric, 108, 110
electrochemical, 110, 111
electrode, 107
electrolytic, 110, 111
energy, 101, 107, 111
capacity, 123
capillary, 106
carbon, 3, 52, 103
capture, 103
carbon dioxide, 1, 143
carbon monoxide, 95, 103
CO
2
, 16, 103
credits, 16
emissions, 16, 133
fibre, 54

greenhouse gas, 2, 7, 8, 12, 15, 17, 48,
126, 133, 134, 139, 143
pollution, 142
sinks, 131
trading, 7
Caribbean, 2
Carnot, 36, 37
Carnot cycle, 36
cast iron, 95
cathode, 104
Central America, 75
chairman, 20
channel, 40, 62
Chernobyl, 116
Chihuahuan, 73
China, 4, 10, 16, 20, 48, 77
circuit
bulbs, 119
chargers, 119
digital, 20
earth, 119
electrical pendulum, 30, 107
filter, 107
output terminal, 34, 69
resonant, 30, 107
switch, 99, 119
transmission, 40
tunable filter, 30
climate, 1
accident, 138

aerosols, 134
carbon pollution, 1
change, 15
climatic model, 3
CO
2
absorption, 2
cyclones, 2
equable, 138
forcing, 3
runaway, 138, 142
scientists, 15
stabilization bill, 143
tipping point, 146
unpredictability, 6
Climate Change Fund, 142
climatologist, 2
clockwork, 119, 129
C-magnet, 31
CNN, 7
coast
coastal area, 56, 62
coastline, 78, 126
dwelling, 3
collectors, 58, 70
colleges, 18
Index 167
combined cycle, 37
combustion, 36, 72
commerce

banking, 138
BAU (business-as-usual), 15, 47, 79,
117, 125, 131, 132, 145
credit, 5, 6
credit crunch, 138
debt, 5
interest, 5
market, 138
money, 144
commerceTEQ (tradable energy quotas), 7
communication, 20, 134
community, 4, 15, 37, 80, 121
compressed air, 85
aquiver, 87
caverns, 86
compressor, 86
gas, 86
gas pressure, 86
geology, 87
Germany, 85
isothermal, 86
leakage, 87
mines, 87
solution mining, 87
USA, 85
compressor, 133
computer, 134
conductor, 31, 39, 111
conducting wires, 29, 39
copper, 32

electrical conductivity, 38
electrical resistivity, 38
losses, 39
ohmic loss, 34, 38, 40
ohms, 34
perfect, 39
resistive loss, 30, 35
semi-, 66
skin effect, 38, 73
super-, 91
consumer, 144
consumerism, 15
demand, 62
electrical gadgets, 81
electronics, 66
convection, 46
conversion efficiency, 37, 53
converters, 141
copper, 27, 34, 39, 104
coriolis, 63
corona, 39
covalent, 109
Cruachan, 50, 83
cryogenic, 132
C-shaped, 31
current
AC, 28, 119
ampere, 29
DC, 105
direct current, 28

free electrons, 39
inverters, 60
cylinder, 61, 72, 87
D
Dawkins, Richard, 23, 24, 25
decouple, 55
demand, 125
commerce, 125
domestic, 125
energy, 127
industry, 125
transport, 125
democratic
levers, 144
mandate, 14
nation, 146
Denial Industry, 8
Denmark, 12
density
air, 53
energy, 83, 100, 106, 110, 131
fresh water, 51
ion, 101
magnetic flux, 32
power, 39, 47, 69, 71, 79
salt water, 58, 64
steel, 90
desert, 70, 72
diesel engine, 72
digital electronics, 134

digital radio, 30
dipole, 109
distilled water, 100
distribution, 37, 41, 44, 73, 79, 99
diurnal, 62
diversification, 126
Djibouti, 75
drag, 25, 35, 132
drive shaft, 49, 54
dynamics, 46, 144
dynamo, 6
dysfunctional, 126
dystopia, 11
168 Index
E
Earth
Gaia, 9, 14
Gaia hypothesis, 9
life support, 45
planet, 4, 8, 12, 14, 47, 72, 126, 133
Earth’s
atmosphere, 7, 65
axis, 46
cone, 47
disc, 65
surface, 65
Earth Summit, 143
East River, 64
eccentricity, 3
ecogrid, 118, 119, 120, 121, 138, 139, 140

building, 145
circuit model, 119
construction, 133, 141
eco-war, 139
engineering, 143
high voltage, 120
infrastructure, 139
statictics, 119
storage, 120
ecological, 131, 139
ecology, 1
desert, 73
ecosystem, 6
footprint, 145
route map, 142
economy
Chicago School, 4
collapse, 145, 146
computer model, 144
emergency, 138
energy, 6, 47, 80
GDP (gross domestic products), 20,
127
global, 142
growth, 74, 77, 130, 138, 142, 145
implications, 141
law of economics, 4
LTG (Limits to Growth), 6
market, 4, 7, 13, 17, 80, 138
market friendly, 7, 16

monetarism, 6
monetary system, 5
national, 5
order, 138
public sector, 43
recession, 5, 6, 14
secular society, 4
social cost, 14
taxation, 142
UK, 4
Voodoo economics, 4
wartime, 138
eddy current, 35, 92
education, 18
efficiency
energy, 14
enforcement, 127
generator, 33, 35
programmes, 7, 129
electric, 127
electric charge
attraction, 26, 28, 96, 108
coulomb, 29
negative charge, 108
particle, 28, 96
positive charge, 109
repulsion, 27
electrical appliance, 43, 127
cooker, 43
dishwasher, 43

fridge, 43
kettle, 28
washing machine, 43
electrical power, 10, 17, 27, 31, 41, 67,
73, 74, 84, 116
electrical supply, 47, 95, 99
electrical transmission, 37, 40, 73, 79, 99
electricity, 42, 44, 73
current, 27, 29, 32, 34, 38
DC, 28
earth, 119
electric fire, 31
electric train, 35
gadgets, 129
grid, 37, 57
grid loss, 50, 55
grid steel core, 39
grid voltage, 38, 69, 99
interconnection, 30, 40
leakage, 42, 87, 88
production of, 77
pylon, 39, 40, 141
reactive power, 39, 40, 73
savings, 127
transformer, 35, 38, 40, 52,
61, 69, 71
transformer park, 38
users, 43
electrochemical, 97, 98
electrolyser, 104

electrolysis, 132
Index 169
electrolyte, 110
electromagnetic theory, 45
electromagnetic waves, 28, 38, 46, 67
electromagnetism, 29
wave penetration, 39
electron spin, 31
electronics, 43, 55, 129
broadband, 134
communications, 134, 135
computer, 134
conferencing, 134
devices, 127, 129, 135
digital, 134
imaging, 135
systems, 30
electrons, 27, 31, 66, 97, 108
electrostatics, 29
electrostatic field, 29, 108
hair, 27
inverse square law, 29
permittivity, 38, 108, 109, 110
plastic, 101
potential, 29
silk, 27
electro-technical, 17
Empire Exhibition, 135
end users, 42
endothermic, 105

energy, 128
chemical, 93
consumption, 127
conversion, 67, 143
elastic band, 26
heat, 25, 36, 71, 93
joules, 24
kinetic, 24
largesse, 143
MES (magnetic energy storage),
118
molecular, 24, 28, 109, 111
potential, 24, 26
power absorbed, 25
storage, 118
transference, 30
transition, 145
vibrational, 34
work, 63
engine, 36
engineer, 18, 19, 141
professional, 140
engineering
breakthrough, 126
civil, 20, 139
courses, 139
decline, 20
degrees, 20
Engineering Council, 20
graduates, 18

image, 19
limitations, 126
logic, 121, 139
macroscopic, 144
mechanical, 34, 113
nano-engineering, 144
project, 121
social, 144
students, 139
study, 19
trends, 134
way forward, 139
world, 144
England, 8, 64
environment, 10, 11, 12, 36, 43, 46, 58,
115
damage, 44
degradation, 126
environmentalists, 12
safe, 126
environmental, 34
Eocene, 16
Ethiopia, 75
ethos, 19
ethylene, 110
eureka, 19
Europe, 2, 13, 18, 42, 51, 87
EU Emissions, 16
European Union, 16
eutectic, 95

explosion, 92
extinction, 3, 9, 16
eye, 10
F
factory-built, 139
Fairbanks, 101
fallout, 117
Fannie Mae, 5
Farad, 108
Faraday, Michael, 4, 29, 31,
35, 98, 112
feedback, 145
feed-forward, 145
Fermi, Enrico, 42, 140
fertilizer, 103
fibre-glass, 54
finance, 7
financiers, 5
170 Index
fish, 53
Flannery, Tim, 14
flywheel, 89
axis, 89, 90
bearing, 91
clutch, 91
containment, 89, 92
disc, 88, 89
explosion, 92, 120
farm, 91, 93
friction, 91

high speed, 90, 93
inertia, 89
material, 88, 89, 90
rundown, 92
sensors, 91
shaping, 89
forest, 131
formula, 51, 62, 89
fossil fuel, 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20,
21, 25, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 78, 80, 84,
88, 94, 99, 104, 118, 125, 126, 129,
130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 139,
142, 143, 144
capital, 139
coal, 1, 6, 20, 33, 36, 47, 103, 104, 129
combustion, 131
gasoline, 37
limit, 142
methane, 3, 95, 103
natural gas, 80, 82
oil, 80
oil deposits, 4
oil wells, 12, 103
permits, 142
reserves, 125
run out, 139
smoke, 3
France, 20, 44, 63, 74, 114, 116
Freddie Mac, 5
free market, 141

frequency, 2, 30, 34, 40, 50, 84
friction, 24, 35
forces, 46
frictional effects, 24
frictional losses, 40
frictionless, 36, 112
Friedman, Milton, 4
fuel cell, 97, 101
fusion, 94
future, 138
G
gamma, 117
gas, 72
generator, 29, 32
armature, 32, 33, 50
bearing losses, 35
electrical generator, 30, 92
electrical machines, 29, 33
emf (electromotive force), 32, 98
mechanical losses, 35
phase, 33
rotational speed, 49
single phase, 33
stator, 32
stray losses, 35
synchronous, 50, 54
three phase, 34, 40, 69
geo-engineering, 143
geology, 120
geometry, 47, 79

geothermal, 46, 75, 76, 78, 79
geo-thermal power
binary plant, 76
borehole, 76
condenser, 76
cooling tower, 76
granite strata, 75
magma, 75
ring of fire, 75
secondary fluid, 76
sources, 75, 76, 79
tectonic plate, 75
thermal gradient, 75
Germany, 12, 20, 85, 90, 100, 114
glacier, 3
Glasgow, 135
glass, 69, 108
global heating, 138
global market, 7, 14, 16
global politics
G6, 20
G8, 15, 16
intergovernmental, 17
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change), 17
Kyoto, 7, 16
Kyoto Protocol, 7, 16
global warming, 1
globe, 1, 144
Glomfjord, 106

Gobi, 72
government
executive, 139
Index 171
graduates, 19, 20
gravity, 24, 26
arc, 23
cricket ball, 26, 29
gravitational acceleration, 24, 27, 58
gravitational force, 26, 27, 46, 67
Newton, 23, 32
pendulum, 23
trajectory, 26
Great Basin, 73
Great Sandy, 72
Great Wall, 141
green, 116
greenhouse gas, 139
ships, 136
Greenland, 3
green-wash, 77
grid, 118
cable, 141
pylon, 141
gyrobus, 89
H
habitat, 9, 146
harbour, 65
headlight, 70, 71
headset, 136

health, 4, 117
heat engine, 36
piston, 72
helium, 136
Herald, newspaper, 12, 20, 135
Hillman, Mayer, 135
Hindenburg, 132, 137
hinge, 24
holiday, 136
holography, 136
homes, 43
hothouse, 7, 16
household, 42
human, 12, 135, 145
belief systems, 146
family size, 146
footprint, 145
history, 138
humanity, 6, 9, 74, 77, 131, 139
over-population, 145
progress, 138
species, 146
welfare, 145
Hunterston, 83
Huntorf, 87, 88
HVDC (high voltage direct current),
85, 121
hydrate, 94
hydraulic, 55
hydrocarbon, 103

hydrogen, 102
bond, 110
cell, 104
cell efficiency, 105
cell overload, 106
compressed, 132
compressed gas, 106
electrodes, 104
electrolysis, 103, 104
energy carrier, 103
energy density, 100, 106
energy resource, 103
filter press cell, 105
from oil, 103
fuel cell, 136, 137
gas envelope, 137
lift gas, 136
liquid, 106, 131
metallic hydride, 106
PEM (proton exchange membrane),
104
production, 103
reforming, 103
stations, 133
storage, 106, 119
tank cell, 105
transport, 106
water-gas shift, 103
hydro-power, 10, 48, 50, 53, 55
artificial reservoir, 48

Aswan dam, 48, 51, 62, 78
Ben Cruachan, 50, 83
dams, 52
Europe, 83
head, 49
hydro-electric, 8, 10, 13, 46, 50, 52,
53, 63, 82, 85
hydro-scheme, 9, 10, 53
hydro-systems, 11
Kaplan wheel, 49, 59
Loch Awe, 83
Pelton wheel, 49, 50
penstock, 49
reservoir, 40, 48, 53, 59, 63, 82, 85,
87, 137
sites, 78
valley, 52
hydroxyl, 104
172 Index
I
Iberia, 74
ice
core, 2
record, 2
sheet, 3
Iceland, 75
Illinois, 57
image processing, 20
India, 4, 10, 16, 20, 48, 72, 77
Indonesia, 75

inductance, 112
induction, 60
coil, 30
emf, 107
inductor, 30, 31, 107
industrial, 6, 16
industrial revolution, 10
industry, 43
Indy Mac, 5
infra-red, 47
insulator
glass, 108
polyester, 54
silica, 27
intermittency, 81, 119
intermittent, 55, 80, 82, 84, 118, 120, 126
internal combustion, 36, 72, 100
internet, 134
inverter, 121
ion, 97, 104
isothermal, 105
Itaipu Dam, 11
Italy, 20, 64, 83
J
Japan, 18, 20, 75, 85, 87, 100, 102, 114
jet aircraft, 54
journal, 7
junkies, 13, 136
K
Kamchatka, 75

Katrina, 2, 4
Kazakhs, 73
Keiller, Bob, 21
Kelvin, Lord, 25, 93
Kenya, 75
Kevlar, 90
Keynes, J.M., 144
Kyoto, 142
Kyoto2, 143
L
La Rance, 63
labourer, 141
laggard, 61
lake, 46
Lake Nasser, 51
land, 47
landscape, 9, 12, 69, 144
laser, 107
leadership, 144
lecture theatre, 23
lens, 70
levers
democratic, 144
market, 144
levitation, 91
lifestyle, 139
light
absorbed, 67
bulbs, 41, 119
fluorescent lighting, 43

lighting, 33, 41, 43, 74, 99, 127
photon, 67
radiant flux, 47
radiation, 2, 45, 77, 79, 115, 116, 117
Snell’s laws, 70
ultra-violet, 47
lightning, 28
bolt, 28
flash, 28
literature, 14, 65, 73, 102, 123, 127
lithium, 100
load centre, 37
locomotive, 89
logic, 140
London, 16, 134
Lorentz force, 31, 91
Los Alamos, 114
Lovelock, James, 1, 9, 14, 125
low-grade, 37
lunar cycle, 63, 65
M
MacCracken, Michael C., 14
Machiavelli, 144
Index 173
Maglev, 91
magnet, 31, 82, 91
core loss, 34, 35
energy, 30, 112
field, 30, 31, 38, 54, 111, 113
flux, 32, 35, 91

iron, 31
permanent, 31, 55, 91
permeability, 38
pole, 31, 32, 33
shielding, 113
soft iron, 35
stack, 33, 38
stray fields, 120
tesla, 32
magnifying glass, 69
mains electricity, 33
manganese, 104
Manhattan, 42
mankind, 146
Manning, Aubrey, 8
manpower, 21, 74, 134, 140, 142
manual, 7
Manukau, 65
marine, 63
mass, 46, 47, 86
mass media, 8
mathematics, 19
Max-Planck-Institut, 90
Maxwell, James Clerk, 10, 23
McIntosh, 85, 88
McKinsey Institute, 130
Mediterranean Sea, 73
meltdown, 116
metal, 6, 27, 100, 104, 116
Meteorological Office, 15

methanation, 95
Mexico, 56, 72, 75
Michigan, 42, 102
microwave, 43
frequencies, 30
millennium, 3
mineral, 6
mirror, 39
mobile phone, 4
modernisation, 53, 118
Mojave, 71, 72
molecules, 26, 97, 110, 136
molten rock, 47
Monbiot, George, 14, 15, 16
Mongols, 73
moon, 46, 62
Moscow, 114
motor, 31, 137
effect, 32
motorway, 11, 133
mountain, 52, 56, 75, 83
Murphy’s law, 146
Mutriku, 60
N
nation, 43, 77, 121
national, 7, 138, 142, 143
navigation, 62
Negev, 72
Neil, Andrew, 13
neutron, 115

New Economics Foundation, 17
New Orleans, 4
New York, 42
New Zealand, 18, 64, 75
Newtonian, 46
Niagara Falls, 46
nickel, 100, 104
Nile, 51
Nimbyism, 56
niobium, 113
Nissum Bredning, 59
nitrate, 95
nitrogen, 103
non-polluting, 57
North East Passage, 3
North Sea, 59
North West Passage, 3
Northern Rock, 5
Norway, 10, 106
nuclear
base load, 79, 128, 130
bomb, 115
containment, 115
coolant, 116
fission, 116, 117
fusion, 13, 79, 103, 126, 143
material, 115
moderator, 115
power, 13, 115, 116, 117
radioactive, 47, 115

radioactive decay, 47, 116
radioactivity, 116
reactor, 115
safety, 115
statistics, 116
thermal energy, 116
thorium, 128
uranium, 47, 115
174 Index
O
ocean, 13, 46, 56, 57
swell, 58
waves, 57, 58, 59
Oersted, 29
Ontario, 85
optical, 72
optically reflective, 13
orbit, 3
circular, 3
elliptical, 3
ore, 117
Outer Hebrides, 58
outflow, 48, 51
oxygen, 3, 27, 103
P
Pacific Ocean, 25, 75
Pacific Plate, 75
Pandora, 52
paradigm shift, 18
paradox, 146

Paraguay, 11
Pascal, 86
patent, 137
pentamaran, 137
people-movers, 134
Philippines, 75
phosphorus, 103
photograph, 9
physical constant, 38
physics, 7
piano, 42
pin-ball machine, 34, 66
Plante, Gaston, 97
platinum, 104
polar, 108, 109
political, 8, 116, 121, 141
political classes, 13
politician, 13
pollution, 144
polyolefin, 101
population, 8, 14, 145
cap, 127
experiment, 9
generations, 138
mouse universe, 110
plateau, 79
Portillo, Michael, 13
Portugal, 74
potassium, 100
Póvoa de Varzim, 61

power
capacity, 34, 140
ceiling, 127
consumption, 125
density, 39, 47, 64, 79
installed, 140
loss, 34, 35, 38, 39, 43, 73
mechanical, 59
renewable, 12, 82, 115, 118, 119, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 136, 138,
141
station, 49, 52
war-time, 142
predators, 9
prehistoric, 16
pre-industrial, 3, 17, 80
prime mover, 33, 34, 36, 49, 55, 76
principle, 138
propagate, 2, 46
proselytizers, 131
proton, 27, 115
prototype, 64
Puerto Rico, 101
pulse, 90
pump storage, 82
Cruachan, 83
Loch Awe, 83
seawater, 85
tunnels, 83
turbine/generator, 84

underground, 85
Yanbaru, 85
Q
Quantum theory, 45
R
radar, 107
radio, 30
radio waves, 30
railways, 134
receiver, 70, 71
rectifier, 121
rectifying, 60
redundant, 37
refineries, 11, 103
refrigeration, 36, 91, 113
regulation, 5
relativity, 45
reliability, 126
Index 175
renewability, 45
renewables, 8, 141
resistance, 34, 38, 39, 57, 112, 137, 142
resources, 6, 44, 74, 77, 121
response time, 123
reversing switch, 41
Rjukan, 106
role model
doctors, 19
lawyers, 19
Romm, Joseph, 133

rubber, 26, 109
Russia, 20, 114
ruthenium, 104
S
safeguard, 138
Sahara, 68, 72, 73
sails, 137
satellite, 51
Scandinavia, 83, 85
scenery, 9, 10, 12
school teacher, 19, 25
science, 19
Scientific American, 7, 8
scientist, 2, 3, 9, 14, 53, 125, 128, 135,
142
Scotland, 8, 48, 50, 58, 83, 126, 128
sea
bed, 63
energy, 63
floor, 61
inlet, 48, 59
level, 48, 59, 62, 63
salinity, 63
salt water, 13
stream, 65
uranium, 117
season, 81
self-sufficiency, 126
semi-conducting junction, 28
semiconductor, 67

anti-reflective coating, 69
arsenic, 66
bifaciality, 68
diffusion, 66
diode, 67
dopant, 66
hole, 66
indium, 66
intrinsic layer, 67
N-type, 66
PIN, 67
P-type, 66
silicon crystal, 66
silicon wafer, 68
sensitivity, 3
servomechanism, 140
shaft, 36, 85, 91
shipping, 3, 64
shore, 55, 78
shoreline, 61
Sievert, 117
signal processing, 20
silicon, 66
Sinclair, Clive, 136
sinusoidal, 34, 58, 69
Sizewell, 99
Smith, Adam, 5
smog, 12
smoke, 66
society, 4, 6, 10, 19

Sod’s law, 146
sodium, 100
software, 20
solar
farm, 12, 120
solar heat, 2
solar power, 12, 13, 73, 130
control, 140
conversion efficiency, 71, 72
CSP (concentrated solar power), 57,
66, 69
CSP farms, 70
CSP topologies, 70
CSP trough, 70
electronic tracking, 70
Europe, 73
farm, 140
genset, 140
heliostat, 72
insolation, 65
irradiance, 65
land area, 78
mirror, 71, 72
parabolic reflectors, 70
photovoltaic cells, 66
quantum mechanics, 66
reflector, 140
SEGS (Solar Energy Generating
Systems), 71
semiconductor, 66

silicon, 66
solar cell, 66, 129, 137
solar constant, 65
solar module, 69
solar panel, 28, 69, 74, 129, 137
176 Index
solar PV array, 69
Stirling engine, 72
technologies, 65
tracking, 140
vehicles, 136
solar system, 45, 74
solvation, 97
solvent, 97
Sonoran, 72
sound, 59
space, 43
space debris, 47
Spain, 60, 74
speed, 49
Sputnik, 141
Stal Laval, 85
state-of-the-art, 123
statistics, 20, 119
steam, 89
Stewardship, 9
stiffness, 91
stored energy, 82
base load, 82, 84
flywheel, 123

massive storage, 81, 82
mechanisms, 93
mediating technology, 81
storage systems, 140
storm, 58
Strait of Messina, 64
Strangford Narrows, 64
stratosphere, 13
stream-lining, 54
students, 19, 31, 139
sub-station, 41
sub-tropical, 52
suburbia, 129
Suez Canal, 141
sulphate aerosols, 13
sulphur, 100
summit, 15
sun, 2, 45, 46
sunlight, 13, 28, 68, 77
superconduction
coil, 112, 113
energy storage, 113
forces, 113
materials, 112, 113
refrigeration, 114
solenoid, 113
temperature, 112
torus, 113
tunnel, 114
superconductor, 91

metal, 112
supermarkets, 11
surf, 58
sustainability, 138
sustainable, 8, 12, 17, 47, 80, 99, 103,
116, 118, 126, 137, 141
Sweden, 10
Switzerland, 75, 83, 89, 127
synchronisation, 41
T
Techno-fix, 13
technology, 12, 84, 86, 88, 94, 97, 103,
108, 113
television, 13, 19, 20, 23, 30
Teller, Edward, 128
temperature, 47, 114
degrees, 36
Ter-Gazarian, A., 119
terminal, 41, 98, 107, 143
Thar, 72
thermal storage, 93
containment, 95
latent, 93, 94, 95
materials, 94
sensible, 93
thermodynamics, 6, 8, 24, 36, 37, 86, 112
entropy, 25
first law, 24
second law, 25, 36, 37, 46, 66, 98
specific heat, 38, 93, 94

thermal conductivity, 38
thermal efficiency, 36
thermal expansion, 3, 72
thermal limit, 38, 40
thin film, 137
Third Reich, 141
threshold, 15, 112
thyroid, 116
Tickell, Oliver, 14, 16, 142, 143
tidal power, 13
artificial lagoon, 59
ebb flow, 63
estuary, 63
firth, 62
flood tide, 63
full-moon, 46
neap tide, 62, 63
new-moon, 46
sites, 65, 78
Index 177
spring tides, 62
tidal flows, 62
tidal range, 63
tidal variation, 46
timescale, 48
tin, 112
titanium, 103, 113
townscape, 136
transition, 85, 138, 139, 144
transmission

HVDC, 73
loss compensation, 73
underground, 39, 73
undersea, 39, 73
transport, 106
air travel, 132
airship, 136
BAU scenario, 131
car, 131
city cars, 136
consumption, 131
emissions, 133
infrastructure, 130, 131
jet, 131
local, 136
private car, 131
regional, 136
ships, 134, 136
systems, 131
taxis, 136
trains, 134
trams, 132, 134, 136
trolley buses, 132, 134, 136
travelogues, 10
tropical, 2, 52
troposphere, 46, 103
trough, 40, 58, 70, 86
tungsten, 104
tunnel, 114
U

uhf (ultra high frequency), 30
UK, 77, 89, 99, 100
Ukraine, 116
unidirectional, 59
United Nations, 139
university, 8, 89, 135
Uranium, 117
USA, 2, 5, 8, 20, 42, 50, 51, 57, 64, 65,
85, 87, 100, 102, 114, 116, 127
Utopian, 9
Uyghurs, 73
V
vacuum, 24, 29, 112, 114
vanadium, 101
vaporisation, 94
vegetation, 52
vehicle, 140
velocity, 24, 49, 58
virtual cocoon, 135
virtual reality, 135
cities, 136
headset, 136
holiday, 136
tourism, 136
virtual world, 135
viscous, 47
vlf (very low frequency), 30
voltage, 29
voter, 144
W

Waitemata, 65
wastage, 44, 53, 83, 120
watch, 129
water, 109
water wheel, 40
watt, 25
wave power, 57, 61, 78, 137
attenuators, 59
Cockerel raft, 59
crest, 58
deep ocean, 126, 143
deep sea, 57, 61
ear trumpet, 59
fetch, 57
fjord, 59
floating unit, 59
floats, 61
group velocity, 58
hinged joints, 61
horn, 59
impoundment pond, 62
inhospitable, 57
lagoon, 59
oscillating, 59
OWC (oscillating water column), 59,
60, 61
OWC chamber, 60
Pelamis, 61
pond, 59
pulse, 58

pump, 60, 61
178 Index
ramp, 59
Salter duck, 59
secondary waves, 62
snake, 61
surface waves, 46, 57
terminators, 59
tethered, 61
throat, 59
water column, 51, 60
Wave Dragon, 59
wave energy, 58, 137
wavelength, 30, 41, 57, 58
wealth, 5
weather, 1
hurricane, 2, 4
thunderstorm, 28
wilderness, 9
Wilhelmsen, Wallenius, 137
wind
farm, 12, 120
wind power
deep sea, 56, 126, 143
drag, 54
farm, 140
feathered blades, 54
gear train, 54, 140
horizontal axis, 53, 71
laminar flow, 53

land area, 79
lift force, 54
nacelle, 55
pitch control, 54
prevailing winds, 56
propeller, 49, 53, 54, 55, 64, 137
reaction lift, 54
sails, 53, 54
statistics, 56
swept area, 53, 55
turbine, 49, 54
turbine blade, 48, 49, 53, 54, 64
turbine forest, 12
turbulence, 49, 55, 63
vertical axis, 50, 53
wind, 53, 54, 56, 78
wind farms, 55
wind machine, 53, 54, 57
windmill, 54
wing, 54
wood epoxy, 54
winding, 32, 33, 35, 69
Wisconsin, 114
world, 137
world Energy, 52, 56, 65
world war, 14
WORLD3, 144
Y
York, University of, 135
Yverdon, 89

Z
Zero Carbon Britain, 7
zero-emissions, 104
zinc, 100