luan van tinh hinh san xuat va tieu thu hoa hong tai Me Linh, Ha Noi potx

Undergraduate Thesis
Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
Chapter I
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Flower is a precious gift that nature presents to human. Each flower
brings a particular beauty, a particular colour, flowers can be seen as a product,
which not only brings special spiritual values but also brings high economic
value.
In recent year, the technology that using for flower production in France,
Netherlands, and China has reached very high levels, in which the cultivar and
technical cultivation are important factors to contribute to the improvement of
quality of flower. In different flower species, rose is one of the most popular
flowers in the world and consequently, also one of the most cultivated. The
different cultivars of roses have been released and have exchanged between each
countries in the situation of trade integration over the world. Rose is preferred
by most colourful appearance, seductive scent, high productivity and market
value. Rose is very rich in colour and flavour. Especially, rose is the perennial
shrub that has high adaptability to natural conditions, climate. Besides aesthetic
value, rose has both high values in the medical industry and in the manufacture
of cosmetics (perfumes).
Rose (Rosa sp) is one of the most popular and beautiful flowers which
was imported and cultivated in Viet Nam a long time ago. The production areas
have increased significantly in recent years and develop more and more in next
few years. The major production areas are concentrated mainly on Me Linh, Tay
Tuu (Hanoi), Sapa (Lao Cai), Da Lat (Lam Dong), Ho Chi Minh City and Hai
Phong Viet Nam has approximately 15000ha for flower cultivation [3]. The
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Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
flowers of Vietnam has been gradually occupied a large share of the domestic

market due to price and quality of products.
Me Linh is one of the cultivated flower areas which has experience and
tradition in our country. However, the actual situation of production and
consumption in this region has much restriction. The fundamental cause of the
above status is the using of old techniques for rose cultivation. Farmer donot
apply high technology to success in flower production. Rose has not been grown
in greenhouses and applied the advanced technologies in flower production. The
different varieties of rose imported for a long time ago from different sources.
The rose selected for production mainly by asexual propagation many times.
Therefore, it hardly degrades by time. In addition, grower cannot be guided on
planting, fertilizing and pest prevention and do not understand the law of supply
and demand market. Moreover, in rose prouction, the increase of using water,
herbicide, pesticide has resulted in environmental pollution. Harvest and
preservation have negative impact on product quality, competitive and difficult
to meet the requirement of customers. An experience show that the flower
production wants to achieve high efficiency, the application of advanced
technologies in production is essential. To achieve the highest quality of rose to
meet the domestic demand and exports as well as to improve production
efficiency and increase the income of grower is not an easy work. There have
been many studies on the rose production in Me Linh, however, they were
general research in which data was not updated, not clear and inaccurate
compared to the real situation of production and consumption. The studies have
not shown the advantages and disadvantage of rose cultivation.
To contribute raising the productivity and quality of rose cultivation, the
topic of “Survey on rose production in Me Linh commune, Me Linh district,
Hanoi city” was carried out.
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Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
1.2. Objective

Base on the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of rose
production and delivery in Me Linh commune to give the solutions for the
sustainable rose cultivation in this areas.
1.3. Requirement
- Investigation the natural conditions and social economics conditions in
Me Linh commune.
- To determine the real situation of rose production and delivery in Me
Linh commune.
- To evaluate the effect of the natural conditions and social economical
conditions to the rose production in Me Linh commune.
- To evaluate the rose quality in Me Linh commune from August to
December, 2010.
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Chapter II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Flower and ornamental plant production and consumption in the world
Flowering plants have been cultivated for a long time and enjoy
everywhere on the beautiful planet. However, floral industries actually started in
the late 1800s in England, where flowers were cultivated on a large scale in the
immense fields. The present day floral industry is a dynamic, global fast-
growing industry, which has achieved significant growth rates during the past
few decades. In the 1950´s, the global flower trade was less than US$3 billion.
By 1992, it had grown to US$100 billion. In recent years, the floral industry has
grown six percent annually, while the global trade volume in 2003 was
US$101.84 billion [18].
Before the 1990s, the flower and ornamental plants in the world were
mainly produced and consumed in Europe, America and Japan. Typically, the
Netherlands, from the mid-1970s, the production and distribution of cut flowers

has seen explosive growth. In 1991, there were 33,000 ha of flowering plants in
which more than 50% are equipped with greenhouses, total exports reached 4.6
billion dollars per year. Great Britain is also regarded as a flower production
sector and large market in the world with sales about 1.2 billion dollars per year
[18]. The table below shows information about the global trade volume of
flower and ornamental plant.
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Table 2.1: Flower and ornamental plant consumer market in the world in
2009
Countries Value ( billion dollars) Percent (%)
Germany 22 22
United States
15
15
France 10 10
UK 10 10
Netherlands 9 9
Japan 6 6
Italy
5
5
Switzerland 5 5
(Source: Nguyen Quoc Vong, Hoa Da Lat – hien trang, thach thuc va co hoi
tham gia thi truong quoc te, Hoi thao hoa Da Lat 2010)
Figure 2.1 Flower and ornamental plant consumer market in the world in 2009
(According to table 2.1)
As can be seen from the table 2.1 and figure 2.1, the major international
consumer markets are mainly in Europe, America and Japan. The import market

of flower and ornamental plants are distributed with the following rates:
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Undergraduate Thesis
Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
Germany is the largest market in the world with 22 billion USD, accounting for
22%, United States with 15 billion USD(15%), France and Britain with 10
billion USD(10%), Netherlands with 9 billion USD(9%), Japan with 6 billion
USD(6%), Italy and Switzerland with 5 billion USD (5%).
Overall, the situation of flower and ornamental plants production in the
world has many changes. The traditional growers, such as Dutch, French, and
Gemany have become the importer and the consumer market. Instead, the
developing countries, where labour is cheap and land is not high in values such
as China, Malaysia, South Africa, Israel, India, Colombia, Kenya, Ethiopia and
Ecuador became the producer and exporter.The African nations also are pushing
industry to develop flowers and ornamental plant mainly exported to European
markets. South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe are the main suppliers of which
Kenya's largest market share, achieving a turnover of nearly $ 700 million per
year [11].
South American countries like Colombia; Ecuador has become the flower
exporter in the world. The country mainly exports flowers to the U.S. market. In
2006, America imported 79% of flower and ornamental plants in which
Colombia is the largest supplier accounting for 59%, turnover of $ 1 billion per
year [11].
Countries in Asia are also rising strongly last engaged in ambitious flower
and ornamental plant market in the world. In 1991 the export of Singapore
reached $ 13 million, now has gained over $ 20 million per year. In 1991
Thailand reached $ 80 million, now has to export sales over $ 200 million per
year. In Malaysia, the government has planned 300 ha in the state and assigned
Zohor orchid societies organized into the Centres ornamental flower production
for export. Taiwan's flower industry is growing rapidly at a rate of 15-20%,

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Taiwan now has an area of 10,172 ha was planted flowers reach annual revenue
of 239 million [2].
China has in recent years become one of the largest flower producing and
consuming countries in the world. By the end of 2001, China had more than
20,000 flower-growing enterprises and over 2,000 flower wholesale markets,
with 1.45 million people working for this booming trade. In that year alone,
Chinese flower industry had sales totalling 3.8 billion fresh flowers and 810
million potted flowers. In recent years, much progress has been made in the
selection of flower seed varieties and nursing of flowers. [18]. Today the
agricultural model of high technology in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Shenzhen has
fully supply of agricultural products and vegetables to the region, exports to
Hong Kong and the world. Special agricultural zones Kunming is world-
production centre specializing in flowers and ornamental plants for domestic and
foreign markets. Kunming produces about 600 million cut flowers per year,
worth 350 million U.S. dollars. Kunming has built up an auction system in
Dounan flowers thanks to the cooperation with the Netherlands - is a leading
domestic manufacturer and exporter of flowers. Holland produce 59% cut
flowers and 50% potted flower provide the world market. In the 21st century,
China is moving away from production to consume market therefore should be a
big market in Asia. [12]
In Asia, Japan is a country that has the largest market in flowers and
ornamental plants consumption, worth about $ 6 billion. This market has to
import about 545 million USD (2006) and steady growth 5-7% per year [11].
Japan imported lilies, tulips from Holland, chrysanthemum from China, Taiwan,
proteas and wax flower from Australia, New Zealand and orchids from Thailand
and Singapore. The proportion of flower and ornamental plants export to Japan
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Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
in 2007 as follows: Netherlands 27.0%, China 9.7%, Taiwan 9.0%, Malaysia
8.8% Thailand 7.3 %, Colombia 6.3% and Vietnam 1.4 % [2]
2.2. Flower and ornamental plant production and consumption in Vietnam
The flower and ornamental plant production area in the country is
estimated about 15,000 hectares mainly in the north (Hanoi, Lao Cai, Son La,
Hung Yen, Hai Phong), suburbs of Ho Chi Minh City (Cu Chi, Hoc Mon
district) and Lam Dong (Da Lat city). Production of flowers and ornamental
plant achieve high income, approximately the average profit is about 70-130
million VND per ha, so there are many places in the country are expanding the
flower and ornamental plant area on the potential land [3]. The table and chart
below indicate the flower and ornamental plant cultivation area in Viet Nam
from 2001 to 2010.
Table 2.2: Flower and ornamental plant area in Viet Nam from 2001 to 2010
Year Area (ha)
2001 8002
2002 8520
2003 8960
2004 9500
2005 13000
2006 13400
2007
14000
2008 14300
2009
15000
2010 16000
(Source: Fruits and Vegetables Research Institute, 2010)
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Figure 2.2 Flower and ornamental plant area in Viet Nam
It is clear from the table and figure that the flower and ornamental plant
cultivation area in Viet Nam increase continuously over a 10 years period. The
production area of flower and ornamental plant rise from 8000 ha in 2001 to
16000 ha in 2010. Between 2004 and 2005, there was dramatic increase from
9000 ha in 2004 to nearly 13000 ha in 2005. In the period from 2005 to 2010,
the production area develops at a lower rate and keeps sustainability.
Flower production area of Lam Dong mainly is concentrated in the Da
Lat city, Duc Trong district, Lac Duong district, a small part in Don Duong and
some other localities, such as Di Linh, Bao Loc. In 2009, the flower production
area of this area estimated at 3500 ha; produce over 1 billion stems of flowers
[16]. The flowers are cultivated in Da Lat - Lam Dong is more diversified than
other region and they have high quality. For example, Lily, Lisianthus,
Cymbidium bring high effective economy, therefore it is marketing strongly for
domestic consumption and exporter. Da Lat city have nearly 40% production
area and 50% of the productivity. Enterprises with foreign investment capital
have 150 ha production area, accounting for 12% of the area and about 18% of
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productivity, mainly focus on high-quality flowers; the remaining area focuses
mainly on household, limited domestic firms and farms [16].
The flower produce from household, domestic firms in Lam Dong mainly
sold to custumer in the domestic market like Nha Trang, Da Nang, the Southeast
Province, Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi city. Ho Chi Minh City is the largest market
for flowers consumption in Lam Dong. A number of private households, private
enterprises are also beginning to find markets for export, but at low levels.
Flower and ornamental plant mainly exported to Japan, Korea, Belgium,

Thailand, Holland, Australia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Cambodia
The exported product are mainly concentrated in enterprises with foreignal
investment and domestic firms have ability to exploit market well such as Da
Lat Hasfarm, Bonnie Farm, Viet Nam Thanh Cong, Hoa Lan Lam Thang, Hien
Hoa, Sakimco, Rung Hoa but still modest compared to potential. The export
volume of these companies reached only about 80 to 100 million stems
accounted for 90% of the exported flowers of the whole province. Kinds of
flowers for export are mainly roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, immortal
flower, Salem Many businesses grow flowers in the direction of high tech has
achieved a turnover of one ha about 2 to 2.5 billion VND per year. Export value
in 2005 reached 8.31 million USD, in 2006 was 8.94 million USD, in 2007 was
9.0 million USD, in 2008 was 9.64 million USD and in 2009 estimated at 13.0
million USD [15].
In the south of Vietnam, the provinces including Ho Chi Minh City
(mainly in the Hoc Mon, Binh Chanh, Go Vap, Thu Duc districts ) and along
the Mekong River Delta provinces such as Tien Giang, Dong Thap Province are
the sources provide flower and ornamental plant significantly. However, this
area is primarily produced some tropical flowers such as chrysanthemums
dragon nail , galdious, apricot blossom, lily The amount of traditional cut
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Undergraduate Thesis
Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
flowers production (roses, chrysanthemums, glaliolus, carnations, gerbera ) is
very limited and not very high quality. Flower and ornamental plants production
area in Ho Chi Minh City is estimated about 1650 ha, mainly distributed in eight
districts like 12 District (110 ha), Thu Duc district (87 hectares), Cu Chi District
(113 ha) with 1400 households production [3].
In Hai Phong, the flowers are produced on about 300 ha. High-tech
agricultural zones are built in My Duc, An Lao district with a total investment
22.5 billion VND. The sponsoring agency is the Forestry Development Centre

of Hai Phong. Rural area high-tech forestry Haiphong has built in functional
areas such as conservation areas and the nursery seedlings of fruit trees area; the
greenhouse for vegetable production area of high quality and safety; the
greenhouse for ornamental plant production. Currently, the shaped house,
greenhouse for vegetable and flower production activities and product was 2-3
season per year. The yield of tomato, cucumber reached 200-250 tons/ha/year,
the rose cultivation also reached 200-300 stem/ m
2
[11].
In Hanoi, the flowers are mainly produced in Tu Liem, Tay Tuu, Me
Linh, Dong Anh, Thanh Tri area calculate for about 1,500 ha (2009). The flower
and ornamental plant production area in Tu Liem have 500 hectares, in which
Tay Tuu commune has 330 ha (accounting for 66% of the flower cultivation
area of whole district and 84.6% of the cultivated land in the commune), mostly
planted chrysanthemums, roses, gerbera, lily, easter lily [3] In addition, the
districts have started to build high-tech agricultural zone on April 2002 and
completed in September 2004. Invested 24 billion VND (1.5 million), of which
50% capital budget of state and 50% of Agricultural Development and
Investment in Hanoi Co., Ltd. The park is built on an area of 7.5 ha, in which
5500 m
2
for cucumber, tomatoes, sweet peppers cultivation, 2000 m
2
for flowers
production with the varieties are imported from Israel [11] .
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Flower production on midlands region and the northern mountainous area
are developing with about 135.7 ha, the productivity reached 44.08 million stem

per year in which rose cultivation area have 75.0 ha, accounting for 55.27% and
have the largest productivity approximately 26.53 million stem . Lao Cai
province has the largest flower production area with 95.7 ha accounting for
70.5% of the total area of whole region [3], [7].
Tuyen Quang town transfer the structure of plants and animals, intensive
cultivation and services under the direction of diversification are important
elements to build the field of 50 million VND. According to statistics, Tuyen
Quang town has more than 50 ha of cultivated land gain value about 50 million
VND/ha, in which are mostly cultivated vegetable revenue from 70 million
VND/ha/year and growing rose with income from 90 to 130 million VND/
ha[3], [7].
2.3. Rose production in the world and Viet Nam
2.3.1. Rose production in the world
Rose is one of the most popular flowers in the world and consequently,
also one of the most cultivated. There is not a flower producing country in the
world where roses are not the principal cultivation. In the past 10-15 years, most
roses cultivations are concentrated in developing countries like China, some
African countries (i.e. Kenya and Ethiopia), Russia, Poland, Mexico, Brazil and
Ecuador [18], [19].
The reasons this location change from the historical rose growing
countries like Europe (i.e. France, Italy, Spain, Israel), South Korea and Japan,
are principally due to radical political changes that increased the production cots
in the industrialised Countries (first of all heating costs) and the favourable
climate conditions of the developing countries that suit Rose cultivation.
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In the above mentioned countries like Ecuador, Colombia, China
(Kunming area), Mexico, Brazil and all African countries, the greenhouses are
not heated therefore roses grow under natural conditions. Besides the lower

production costs, the quality of the roses are of a high standard, thus the
profitability led to the increase of cultivated area. Various Israeli, Dutch and
some Indian growers are moving to African countries to cultivate Roses there.
The rose cultivation increase in Poland and more so in Russia and
Ukraine is not due to the climate (quite cold most of the year) but to the radical
political changes and the low energy costs.
The total surface covered by roses in the world is of about 20,500-
21,500ha. The four largest producing countries (China, Ecuador, Colombia and
Kenya) currently represent nearly the 50% of total rose cultivation area,
approximately 10,500 ha. The cultivation in greenhouses on soil (13,800 -
14,400 ha) is still predominant as compared to the soil-less cultivation (3,200 -
3,400ha) [19].
The outdoor cultivation is prerogative of some Asian and European
countries (Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam, Thailand, Brazil, Uzbekistan) it represents with
3,500 - 3,700 ha about 17% of total Rose cultivation. Outdoor Rose cultivation
in these countries, is characterised by a lack technical expertise, less technology
available and by local markets demand [19].
2.3.2. Rose production in Viet Nam
Roses are the flowers most commonly grown in our country today and
have a strong development trend, as one of the trees bring high economic
efficiency in the industry producing flowers. Rose is now not just for domestic
consumption but also export to China. Vietnam is a rose but the number of
branches of many but the quality is not guaranteed, the percentage of eligible
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export branches (long shoots> 70 cm diameter stems> 0.6 cm) is still low. The
fundamental cause is the growing technical commissions of us now rely on the
experience and the old farming practices, may apply and absorb the advanced
techniques in production leads to productivity and low quality. At the same time,

new varieties in production, quality of flowers may be more unsatisfactory
commercial high.
The rose cultivation areas in Viet Nam are concentrated on Hanoi city
about 1200ha mostly in Tu Liem, Me Linh, Dong Anh, Tay Ho , Ho Chi Minh
city with 870ha, Da Lat with 560 ha, Hai Phong with 270 ha. More roses are
also grown in most provinces in the country with an area from several dozen ha
to several thousand ha like Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Lao
Cai, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh province [3], [7].

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Chapter III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Materials, Location and time
3.1.1. Materials
The study was carried out on the rose prouction in Me Linh
commune.
3.1.2. Location
Location: Me Linh commune, Me Linh district, Ha Noi.
3.1.3. Time
Time: From June 30
th
to October 30
th
, 2010
3.2. Content
- Investigation the natural conditions and social economics conditions in
Me Linh commune.
- Investigation the real situation of rose production of 45 households in

Me Linh commune.
- To evaluate the effect of the natural conditions and social economical
conditions to the rose production in Me Linh commune.
- To evaluate the rose quality in Me Linh commune from August to
December 2010.
3.3. Methods
The study was carried out on the rose prouction in Me Linh commune,
Me Linh district, Ha Noi. The investigation interview directly 45 households
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Undergraduate Thesis
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that produce rose in three villages Ha Loi, Lieu Tri, Me Linh. Me Linh
commune have only 3 villages, 90% of households cultivate rose and produce
more than 90% of the flowers productivity of Me Linh district. The survey of
households selected at random on the different scales that generalized from the
whole society. Survey of households with three-production scale as follows:
Small scale: area production < 1000 m
2
Medium scale: area production 1000 m
2
– 3000 m
2
Large scale: area production > 3000 m
2
Table 3.1: Household survey of rose production in Me Linh commune
Villages Sum of household Small scale Medium scale Large scale
1.Ha Loi 20 7 6 7
2.Lieu Tri 15 5 6 4
3.Ap Ha 10 3 4 3
Sum 45 15 16 14

3.3.1. Investigation the natural conditions and social economics conditions
- The situation of land use including natural land and agricultural land.
- Climate and hydrological conditions.
- Economic, cultural and social conditions.
- The labour structure of Me Linh commune
- Natural land area
- Agricultural land area
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(Data collected from Department of Statistic in Me Linh commune)
3.3.2. Investigate rose production and delivery in Me Linh commune
Investigate flower production area, structure of crop, varieties of
flowers, cultivation techniques, fertilizer application, pest prevention, rose
quality, advantages and disadvantages of rose production and delivery.
(Data collected from 45 investigated household in Me Linh commune.)
We use investigated sociological method, investigated sampling method,
interview directly famer.
By observation and interview directly farmers with references through the
local leader, we designed investigated form that attach in the bottom of this
study.
3.3.3. Evaluate rose quality at harvest time in Me Linhcommune from August
to December 2010.
The indicators that evaluate rose quality as following:
- The diameter of stem (mm): measures at the cutting side of flower.
- The diameter of bud (cm): measures the bud of flower.
- The length of stem (cm): measures from the cutting side to the top of
floral bud.
- The diameter of flower (cm): mesures at time of the largest flower.
- The average length of petal (cm): measures 3 petal of flower.

The indicators of rose quality were measured in three investigated household
from August to December 2010. In each time of measurement,the thirty stem
were selected randomly in three household at different possion of the field.
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3.3.4.Investigate and collect information, document that relate the content of
the research.
- Collect information from local goverment : the department of statistic, the
department of economy, the department of agricultural encouragement
- Investigate by interview local authorities, farmer
3.3.5. Production efficiency
The production efficiency is evaluated by formula below
Total revenue per unit area = total number of flowers * the price of
flowers.
Total cost per unit area = variety cost + cost of fertilizer + pesticide cost
of labour cost and other expenses.
Total benefit = total revenue - total costs
3.4. Data analysis
Data analysis by Excel software 2007 and is presented by table, figure.
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Chapter IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Natural conditions
4.1.1. Geographical location
Me Linh commune is one of 17 communes in Me Linh district with the
total area is estimated about 605.67 ha and the population is 11.559 people,
including 2803 households distributed in three villages: Ha Loi, Lieu Tri and Ap

Ha.
The commune is located in the northwest of the Hanoi capital, on the east
with Tien Phong commune, on the north with Thanh Lam commune, the
bordering side on the west and northwest with Van Khe commune, on the south
with Dai Thinh commune. Geographical position is close to the centre of Hanoi,
adjacent to Noi Bai International Airport, which runs through the highway 23B
and route running along the Red River dikes be cooperative. It can be said
waterway transportation system, road and airport are very convenient for trade
and economic and social activities as well as the floricultural development.
4.1.2. Topography
Me Linh district is located in the Red River Delta. Land terrain slopings
from northeast to southwest, divided into three sub-regions: sub-delta, dike
along the Red River sub-region and sub-central area.
Me Linh commune is in sub delta region, farmland is primarily of ancient
alluvial soil enriched by the Red River is very fertile and rich in nutrients for
crop development. Therefore, the soil in this area is very favourable for rose
cultivation.
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4.1.3. Climate and hydrological conditions
Me Linh commune is the commune of Me Linh district, therefore the
climatic and hydrological conditions are strongly influenced by the climate of
the whole district.
Me Linh district has a similar climate patterns districts of Hanoi, which is
a warm humid subtropical climate with plentiful precipitation. The average
annual temperature is about 23-25
0
C. The temperatures in Me Linh fluctuate
from 12 to 35

0
C. Hot season lasts through five months from May to September
with the highest temperatures in June and July about 30
0
C average whereas the
cold season lasts for 3 or 4 months (from December to February or March) in
which the coldest month in January or February with the temperatures is less
than 18
0
C. Between hot and cold weather has made the transition season leads to
the weather in Me Linh have four separate seasons: spring, summer, autumn and
winter. The average humidity during the year ranges between 70-80%. Hours of
sunshine in a year is quite high, about 1400 hours, the district's average rainfall
is about 1330mm (relatively few). Rainfall is mainly in summer and dry season
lasts about 4-5 months (from 11 months to 3 years later). Therefore, Me Linh
have climatic condition are very favourble for rose cultivation. Rose can grow
and develop well in the range of temperature from 18
0
C to 25
0
C in winter and
spring, whereas in the summer with higher temperture rose has still produced a
small amuont of flower to supply for domestic market . However, rose has
lowest quality in summer lead to reduce productivity and income of grower.
The selection of new rose varieties to adapt with the hot weather in summer is
very necessary.
Me Linh with river systems, lakes and swamps are plentiful, including
two major river systems of the Red River and Ca Lo River.
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Red river flows through the south of Me Linh district with the length
about 19 km and the average water flow is 3700m
3
/s. This is the river that was
created by many floating islands in the middle river, so the water level in Red
River is very large fluctuations. In the dry season, floating island appears to be
divided into two flows, large and small flow, the time is convenient for sand
mining. In flood season, the average water surface in river is up to 2km on
wideth, with rainfall concentrated therefore likely to cause flooding in many
areas. Me Linh has formed long-standing system of dikes and land accretion in
the dyke was not found in many lakes and the traces of the ancient river.
Economically, the Red River is the waterway connecting Hanoi and the Red
River Delta provinces.
Ca Lo River is a tributary of the Thai Binh Basin, which flows through
the north and northeast of Me Linh district with the lenght about 8.6 km and
convergence with a branch in Dai Loi village, Phuc Yen Town. The average
width is estimated 50-60m, but it has not a lot of water, the water flow is an
average of 30m
3
/s (in the rainy season is 286 m
3
/s). Therefore, the major role of
Ca Lo River is drainage in the district's rainy season.
The system of ponds and swamps: Me Linh has over 200 hectares of
ponds and lakes with significant water reserves, has important implications for
the development of aquaculture and serves local water needs.
Climatic conditions, hydrologic system of the Me Linh commune is very
favourable for rose development. River systems, lakes are the resources of water
supply for rose cultivation. Therefore, farmer can cultivate rose around year in

Me Linh commune.
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4.1.4. The situation of land use
Land is mainly capital goods, especially for floral industry. It is a factor
directly affects the yield and quality of each flower. Me Linh commune is
located in the Red River Delta with porous and fertility soil, water retention and
good drainage is very favourable for the cultivation of roses. Tables and figure
below provide us with an overview on the status of communal land use.
Table 4.1: The situation of land use in Me Linh commune in 2009
No
Type of land Area (ha) Rate (%)
1 Agricultural land 459.9 76
- Flower cultivation land 360.0 60
- Vegetable cultivation land 99.9 16
2 Non-agricultural land 137.4 23
3 Unused land 8.3 1
Sum 605.67 100
(Source: Department of statistics, Me Linh commune)
Figure 4.1: The situation of land use in Me Linh commune in 2009
From the table 4.1 and the figure 4.1 we can see that the total land area of
Me Linh commune is 605.6 ha in which agricultural land is 459.9 ha
(accounting for 76% of total natural land area). This is favourable conditions for
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Undergraduate Thesis
Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
investment in agricultural development in general as well as in rose cultivation
in particular. Agricultural land area in Me Linh commune is primarily for
growing flowers and vegetables, including 360 ha of flowers production

(account for 60% total natural land area), 99.9 ha of vegetable cultivation
( account for 16% total natural land area).
In non-agricultural land area (137.4ha) is mainly for water surface area,
land for transportation, construction, historical cultural land and land for
habitant. Currently, Me Linh commune has some places where have become
sightseeing area such as Hai Ba Trung Temple, the culinary ecological zones
along the Red River dike, the wide vast fields of flowers cultivation. Me Linh
also have dikes along the Red River with a beautiful sandy, the wide channels of
river. When the tourist come this area, they can visit the floral field. This
condition can be combined to exploit the traditional travel services with
agricultural tourism of floral sector on the weekends or holidays.
Unused land area is 8.26 ha (approximately 1% of total natural land area)
mostly along transformational roads. This land area could help to expand the
transport system to improve the quality of roads contribute to promote the
exchange of trade in general and transportation of flowers in particular.
4.2. Economy, cultural and social conditions
4.2.1. Economy
In 2009, the total income value of whole commune reached 85.9 billion
VND, economic growth is 7.98%, and the average income reached 7.4 million
per person per year. Especially valuable income from agriculture achieved 58.6
billion VND (up 68.2% of total income), income from services and small
industry gained 21.2 billion VND and income from other economic sectors is
6.3 billion VND. To understand clealy the contribution of each economic sectors
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Undergraduate Thesis
Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
to economy of Me Linh, the below table are indicated about the structural labor
of commune in 2009.
Table 4.2 The labor structure of Me Linh commune in 2009
No

Labor Quantity (people)
Rate (%)
1 Flower production labor 7128 62
2 Vegetable production labor 1493 13
3 Other labor 2938 25
Sum 11559 100
(Source: Me Linh commune)
Figure 4.2 The labor structure of Me Linh commune in 2009
(According to the table 4.2)
The table 4.2 and the figure 4.2 illustrate the proportion of labour in Me
Linh commune in 2009. It is clearly that the labor in Me Linh mainly works in
agricultural production, including 75 % in both flower cultivation and vegetable
production. The labour in flower cultivation has the biggest numbers go up to 62
% of total labour. This is a great condition help Me Linh able to improve the
quality of workforce for developing sustainable floral industry. The other labour
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Undergraduate Thesis
Nguyen Quoc Manh – K51KHCTT
approximately 25 % of total labour do not work directly in rose production,
however they contribute a significant economic growth and open opportunities
for other profession as well as floral cultivation. In overall, with the structure of
labour are majorly in agricultural activities, Me Linh is having many potential to
become a high quality floral industries.
4.2.2. Culture and Society
Communes with historical socio-cultural, such as Hai Ba Trung Temple,
Doai pagoda, Ha Loi village temple, Lieu Tri village temple, Lieu temple, Lieu
pagoda was built a long time ago. Social organization of the annual traditional
festival celebrated on Hai Ba Trung insurrection, traditional review of national
construction and defence of the national hero. The social situation in the
commune is fundamentally stable, the percentage of malnourished children

15.1%, with 81 poor households accounted for 2.9%.
Me Linh commune has three schools: Kindergarten, elementary and
secondary schools with a total number of students is 2136. There is a clinic to ensure
national standards of eligibility. Electrical systems, water supply ensure adequate
living conditions and meet the demand of business and production activities. These
condition also contribute to the stable life of farmer and have peace of their mind in
rose cultivation.
4.3. Cultivation
Through actual observations and interviews showed that roses are grown
directly in the open field, not grown in a greenhouse or sheltered house, not to
apply high technology to produce flowers.
Rose usually cultivated in bed systems with 20 cm to 25 cm on high, ±1
meter on wide and 30 cm to 40 cm between two beds. The rose in Me Linh was
cultivated as density from 5 to 5.5 trees/m
2
the gap between 2 lines about 60cm,
each plant about 25cm to 30 cm.
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