Materials Science and Engineering Handbook Part 12 doc

b-Praseodymium
Pr
14
2
P 99.93 800–900 29.4 8.7
Zinc Cu64
S
||c 99.999 338–415 29.53 2.22
β-Titanium
Ni
63
P 99.7 925–1600 29.6
9.2 x 10
–3
Aluminum
Cd
115
S 99.999 441–631 29.7 1.04
Zinc
Au
198
S⊥c 99.999 315–415 29.72 0.29
Zinc
Au
198
S||c 99.999 315–415 29.73 0.97
Calcium
C
14

99.95 550–800 29.8
3.2 x 10
–5
Selenium
S
35
S⊥c 60–90 29.9 1700
b–Zirconium
Zr
95
P 1100–1500 30.1
2.4 x 10
–4
γ-Uranium
Au
195
P 99.99 785–1007 30.4
4.86 x 10
–3
β–Zirconium
U
235
P 900–1065 30.5
5.7 x 10
–4
β-Titanium
Co
60
P 99.7 900–1600 30.6
1.2 x 10

–2
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 14 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1402 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

b–Zirconium
Be
7

P 99.7 915–1300 31.1
8.33 x 10
–2
β-Titanium
Ti
44
P 99.95 900–1540 31.2
3.58 x 10
–4
α-Zirconium
Nb
95
P 99.99 740–857 31.5
6.6 x 10
–6
β-Titanium
Fe
59
P 99.7 900–1600 31.6
7.8 x 10
–3
b-Titanium
Sn
113
P 99.7 950–1600 31.6
3.8 x 10
–4
Niobium
C
14

P 800–1250 32.0
1.09 x 10
–5
Magnesium
Mg
28
S||c 467–635 32.2 1.0
β-Titanium
V
48
P 99.95 900–1545 32.2
3.1 x 10
–4
Aluminum
Cu
64
S 99.999 433–652 32.27 0.647
β-Titanium
Sc
46
P 99.95 940–1590 32.4
4.0 x 10
–3
Magnesium
Mg
28
S⊥c 467–635 32.5 1.5
β–Zirconium
P
32

P 99.94 950–1200 33.3 0.33
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 15 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1403 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

b-Titanium
Mn
54

P 99.7 900–1600 33.7
6.1 x 10
–3
Aluminum
Al
27
S 450–650 34.0 1.71
Cobalt
C
14
P 99.82 600–1400 34.0 0.21
γ-Iron
C
14
P 99.34 800–1400 34.0 0.15
Nickel
C
l4
P 99.86 600–1400 34.0 0.012
Vanadium
S
35
P 99.8 1320 1520 34.0
3.1 x l0
–2
β–Zirconium
C
14
P 96.6 1100–1600 34.2
3.57 x 10

–2
Calcium
U
235
99.95 500–700 34.8
l.l x 10
–5
b-Titanium
Cr
51
P 99.7 950–1600 35.1
5 x 10
–3
β–Zirconium
Mo
99
P 900–1635 35.2
1.99 x 10
–6
β-Titanium
Zr
95
P 98.94 920–1500 35.4
4.7 x 10
–3
Tellurium
Te
127
S||c 99.9999 300–400 35.5 130
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS

*
(SHEET 16 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1404 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

a-Titanium
Ti
44
P 99.99 700–850 35.9
8.6 x 10

–6
Silver
Ge
77
P 640–870 36.5 0.084
β–Zirconium
Nb
95
P 1230–1635 36.6
7.8 x 10
–4
Gold
Hg
203
S 99.994 600–1027 37.38 0.116
Copper
Pt
195
P 843–997 37.5
4.8 x 10
–4
Beryllium
Be
7
S⊥c 99.75 565–1065 37.6 0.52
Silver
Tl
204
P 640–870 37.9 0.15
Silver

Hg
20
3
P 99.99 653–948 38.1 0.079
Silver
Pb
210
P 700–865 38.1 0.22
Calcium
Ca
45
99.95 500–800 38.5 8.3
β–Hafnium
Hf
181
P 97.9 1795–1995 38.7
1.2 x10
–3
Silver
Te
125
P 770–940 38.90 0.47
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 17 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%

Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1405 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Silver
Sb
124
P 99.999 780–950 39.07 0.234
Beryllium
Ag
110
S||c 99.75 650–900 39.3 0.43
β-Titanium
Nb
95
P 99.7 1000–1600 39.3

5.0 x 10
–3
Silver
Sn
113
S 99.99 592–937 39.30 0.255
Beryllium
Be
7
S||c 99.75 565–1065 39.4 0.62
γ-Uranium
Nb
95
P 99.99 791–1102 39.65
4.87 x 10
–2
Germanium
In
114
S 600–920 39.9
2.9 x 10
–4
Silver
S
35
S 99.999 600–900 40.0 1.65
a–Uranium
U
234
P 580–650 40.0

2 x 10
–3
Gold
Ag
110
S 99.99 699–1007 40.2 0.072
β-Titanium
Be
7
P 99.96 915–1300 40.2 0.8
Tantalum
C
14
P 1450–2200 40.3
1.2 x 10
–2
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 18 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol

–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1406 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Silver
In
114
S 99.99 592–937 40.80 0.41
Molybdenum
C
14
P 99.98 1200–1600 41.0
2.04 x 10
–2
Tellurium
Tl
204
P 360–430 41.0 320
β–Zirconium
Ce
141
P 880–1600 41.4 3.16

Lithium
Sb
124
P 99.95 141–176 41.5
1.6 x 10
10
Silicon
P
32
S 1100–1250 41.5 –
Gold
Co
60
P 99.93 702–948 41.6 0.068
Gold
Fe
59
P 99.93 701–948 41.6 0.082
Silver
Cd
115
S 99.99 592–937 41.69 0.44
Silver
Zn
65
S 99.99 640–925 41.7 0.54
Aluminum
Cr
51
S 99.999 422–654 41.74 464

Copper
Sb
124
S 99.999 600–1000 42.0 0.34
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 19 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1407 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Copper
As
76
P 810–1075 42.13 0.20
Gold
Au
198
S 99.97 850–1050 42.26 0.107
α-Iron
K
42
P 99.92 500–800 42.3 0.036
Copper
Au
193
S, P 400–1050 42.6 0.03
b-Titanium
Mo
99
P 99.7 900–1600 43.0
8.0 x 10
–3
Beryllium
Ag
110
S⊥c 99.75 650–900 43.2 1.76
β-Titanium
Ag
110
P 99.95 940 1570 43.2

3 x 10
–3
Copper
Tl
204
S 99.999 785–996 43.3 0.71
g-Iron
P
32
P 99.99 950–1200 43.7 0.01
β-Titanium
W
185
P 99.94 900–1250 43.9
3.6 x 10
–3
Copper
Hg
203
P _ 44.0 0.35
β–Uranium
U
235
P 690–750 44.2
2.8 x10
–3
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 20 OF 33)
Metal Tracer

Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1408 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Copper
Ge
68
S 99.998 653–1015 44.76 0.397
Copper
Sn
113
P 680–910 45.0 0.11

Lanthanum
Au
198
P 99.97 600–800 45.1 1.5
Silver
Ag
110
S 99.999 640–955 45.2 0.67
a-Zirconium
Zr
95
P 99.95 750–850 45.5
5.6 x 10
–4
Copper
Cd
115
S 99.98 725–950 45.7 0.935
β–Zirconium
V
48
P 99.99 870–1200 45.8
7.59 x 10
–3
Copper
Ga
72
_ 45.90 0.55
Aluminum
Fe

59
S 99.99 550–636 46.0 135
Gold
Ni
63
P 99.96 880–940 46.0 0.30
Silver
Cu
64
P 99.99 717–945 46.1 1.23
Nickel
Be
7
P 99.9 1020–1400 46.2 0.019
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 21 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency

Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1409 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Copper
Ag
110
S, P 580–980 46.5 0.61
Tellurium
Te
127
S⊥c 99.9999 300–400 46.7
3.91 x 10
4
Silicon
Au
198
S 700–1300 47.0
2.75 x 10
–3
Carbon
Ni
63
⊥c 540–920 47.2 102

Lithium Bi P 99.95 141–177 47.3
5.3 x 10
13
Copper
Zn
65
P 99.999 890–1000 47.50 0.73
α-Zirconium
Fe
55
P 750–840 48.0
2.5 x 10
–2
β–Zirconium
Fe
55
P 750–840 48.0
2.5 x 10
–2
Silver
Au
198
P 99.99 718–942 48.28 0.85
Silver
Co
60
S 99.999 700–940 48.75 1.9
Silver
Fe
59

S 99.99 720–930 49.04 2.42
Copper
S
35
S 99.999 800–1000 49.2 23
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 22 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1410 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Vanadium
P
32
P 99.8 1200–1450 49.8
2.45 x l0
–2
Germanium
Sb
124
S 720–900 50.2 0.22
Copper
Cu
67
S 99.999 698–1061 50.5 0.78
Nickel
Mo
99
P 900–1200 51.0
1.6 x 10
–3
Nickel
Pu
238
P 1025–1125 51.0 0.5
Niobium
P
32
P 99.0 1300–1800 51.5
5.1 x 10

–2
Beryllium
Fe
59
S 99.75 700–1076 51.6 0.67
Copper
Fe
59
S. P 460–1070 52.0 1.36
a-Iron
Mn
54
P 99.97 800–900 52.5 0.35
γ-Iron
S
35
P 900–1250 53.0 1.7
Carbon
Ni
63
||c 750–1060 53.3 2.2
Copper
Cr
51
S, P 800–1070 53.5 1.02
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 23 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal

Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1411 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Tungsten
C
14
P 99.51 1200–1600 53.5
8.91 x 10
–3
Copper
Ni
63

P 620–1080 53.8 1.1
Molybdenum
Cr
51
P 1000–1500 54.0 2.5 x 10–4
Copper
Co
60
S 99.998 701–1077 54.1 1.93
Copper
Pd
102
S 99.999 807–1056 54.37 1.71
Silver
Ni
63
S 99.99 749–950 54.8 21.9
α-Iron
P
32
P 860–900 55.0 2.9
δ-Iron
P
32
P 99.99 1370–1460 55.0 2.9
Nickel
Au
198
S,P 99.999 700–1075 55.0 0.02
α-Iron

W
185
P 755–875 55.1 0.29
α-Iron
V
48
P 755–875 55.4 1.43
β–Zirconium
W
185
P 99.7 900–1250 55.8 0.41
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 24 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm

2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1412 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Germanium
Te
125
S 770–900 56.0 2.0
α-Iron
Ni
63
P 99.97 680–800 56.0 1.3
Silver
Pd
102
S 99.999 736–939 56.75 9.56
α-Iron
Cu
64
P 99.9 800 1050 57.0 0.57
a
-Iron
Cr
51
P 99.95 775–875 57.5 2.53
δ-Iron
Fe

59
P 99.95 1428–1492 57.5 2.01
γ-Iron
Be
7
P 99.9 1100–1350 57.6 0.1
β–Zirconium
V
48
P 99.99 1200–1400 57.7 0.32
Beryllium
Ni
63
P 800–1250 58.0 0.2
Chromium
Mo
99
P 1100–1420 58.0
2.7 x 10
–3
Nickel
Sn
113
P 99.8 700–1350 58.0 0.83
Nickel
Fe
59
P 1020–1263 58.6 0.074
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*

(SHEET 25 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1413 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Platinum
Cu
64
P 1098–1375 59.5 0.074
Copper
Nb

95
P 99.999 807–906 60.06 2.04
Cobalt
Ni
63
P 1192–1297 60.2 0.10
α-Iron
Fe
55
P 99.92 809–889 60.3 5.4
Yttrium
Y
90
S||c 900–1300 60.3 0.82
Gold
Pt
195
P, S 99.98 800–1060 60.9 7.6
δ-Iron
Co
60
P 99.995 1428–1521 61.4 6.38
Nickel
Cu
64
P 99.95 1050–1360 61.7 0.57
a-Iron
Co
60
P 99.995 638–768 62.2 7.19

α-Iron
Au
198
P 99.999 800–900 62.4 31
γ-Iron
Mn
54
P 99.97 920–1280 62.5 0.16
Cobalt
Fe
59
P 99.9 1104–1303 62.7 0.21
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 26 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o

cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1414 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Palladium
Pd
103
S 99.999 1060–1500 63.6 0.205
Carbon
Ag
110
⊥c 750–1050 64.3 9280
Vanadium
Cr
51
P 99.8 960–1200 64.6
9.54 x10
–3
Nickel
Cr
51
P 99.95 1100–1270 65.1 1.1
Silver
Ru
103
S 99.99 793–945 65.8 180

Nickel
Co
60
P 99.97 1149–1390 65.9 1.39
Tungsten
Fe
59
P 940–1240 66.0
1.4 x 10
–2
Nickel
V
48
P 99.99 800–1300 66.5 0.87
a-Iron
Sb
124
P 800–900 66.6 1100
γ-Iron
Ni
63
P 99.97 930–2050 67.0 0.77
Yttrium
Y
90
S⊥c 900–1300 67.1 5.2
Silicon
C
14
P 1070–1400 67.2 0.33

Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 27 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1415 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Cobalt
Co
60
P 99.9 1100–1405 67.7 0.83

γ-Iron
Fe
59
P 99.98 1171–1361 67.86 0.49
Nickel
Ni
63
P 99.95 1042–1404 68.0 1.9
Platinum
Pt
195
P 99.99 1325–1600 68.2 0.33
Germanium
Ge
71
S 766–928 68.5 7.8
α-Iron
Ag
110
P 748–888 69.0 1950
γ-Iron
V
48
P 9999 1120–1380 69.3 0.28
γ-Iron
Cr
51
P 99.99 950–1400 69.7 10.8
Tantalum
S

35
P 99.0 1970–2110 70.0 100
α-Zirconium
Ta
182
P 99.6 700–800 70.0 100
Niobium
Co
60
P 99.85 1500–2100 70.5 0.74
Vanadium
Fe
59
P 960–1350 71.0 0.373
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 28 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency

Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1416 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Tantalum
Fe
59
P 930–1240 71.4 0.505
Nickel
W
185
P 99.95 1100–1300 71.5 2.0
γ-Iron
Co
60
P 99.98 1138–1340 72.9 1.25
α-Iron
Mo
99
P 750–875 73.0 7800
Niobium
S
35
S 99.9 1100–1500 73.1 2600

Vanadium
V
48
S,P 99.99 880–1360 73.65 0.36
Chromium
Cr
51
P 99.98 1030–1545 73.7 0.2
Platinum
Co
60
P 99.99 900–1050 74.2 19.6
a-Thorium
Pa
231
P 99.85 770–910 74.7 126
Molybdenum
U
235
P 99.98 1500–2000 76.4
7.6 x 10
–3
Niobium
U
235
P 99.55 1500–2000 76.8
8.9 x10
–3
Niobium
Fe

51
P 99.85 1400–2100 77.7 1.5
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 29 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1417 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Germanium
Tl

204
S 800–930 78.4 1700
Niobium
Sn
113
P 99.85 1850–2400 78.9 0.14
Chromium
Fe
59
P 99.8 980–1420 79.3 0.47
α-Thorium
U
233
P 99.85 700–880 79.3 2210
Molybdenum
P
32
P 99.97 2000–2200 80.5 0.19
Tantalum
Mo
99
P 1750–2220 81.0
1.8 x 10
–3
Molybdenum
Ta
182
P 1700–2150 83.0
3.5 x 10
–4

Niobium
Cr
51
S 943–1435 83.5 0.30
Niobium
V
48
S 99.99 1000–1400 85.0 2.21
Niobium
Ti
44
S 994–1492 86.9 0.099
γ-Iron
W
185
P 99.5 1050–1250 90.0 1000
Copper
Mn
54
S 99.99 754–950 91.4
10
7
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 30 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%

Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1418 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Niobium
W
185
P 99.8 1800–2200 91.7
5 x 10
–4
Silicon
Sb
124
S 1190–1398 91.7 12.9
Vanadium
V

48
S,P 99.99 1360–1830 94.14 214.0
Molybdenum
Re
186
P 1700–2100 94.7 0.097
Niobium
Nb
95
P, S 99.99 878–2395 96.0 1.1
Molybdenum
Mo
99
P 1850–2350 96.9 0.5
Silicon
Ni
63
P 450–800 97.5 1000
γ-Iron
Hf
181
P 99.99 1110–1360 97.3 3600
Tantalum
Nb
95
P, S 99.996 921–2484 98.7 0.23
Tantalum
Ta
182
P, S 99.996 1250–2200 98.7 1.24

Niobium
Ta
182
P, S 99.997 878–2395 99.3 1.0
Molybdenum
S
35
S 99.97 2220–2470 101.0 320
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 31 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1

Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1419 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

Tungsten
Mo
99
P 1700–2100 101.0 0.3
Germanium
Cd
115
S 750–950 102.0
1.75 x 10
9
Molybdenum
Co
60
P 99.98 1850–2350 106.7 18
Molybdenum
Nb
95
P 99.98 1850–2350 108.1 14
Molybdenum
W
l85
P 99.98 1700–2260 110 1.7
Silicon
Si
31
S 99.99999 1225–1400 110.0 1800

Carbon
Th
228
||c 1800–2200 114.7 2.48
Carbon
U
232
⊥c 140~2200 115.0 6760
Carbon
U
232
||c 1400 1820 129.5 385
Tungsten
Nb
95
P 99.99 1305–2367 137.6 3.01
Tungsten
Ta
182
P 99.99 1305–2375 139.9 3.05
Tungsten
W
185
P 99.99 1800–2403 140.3 1.88
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 32 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form

Purity
%
Temperature
Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1420 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC

*
The diffusion coefficient DT at a temperature T(K) is given by the following:
D
T
=D
o
e
–Q/RT
Abbreviations:
P= polycrystalline

S = single crystal
⊥ c = perpendicular to c direction
|| c = parallel to c direction
Tungsten
Re
186
S 2100–2400 141.0 19.5
Carbon
Th
228
⊥c 1400–2200 145.4
1.33 x 10
–5
Carbon
C
14
2000–2200 163 5
α-Thorium
Th
228
P 99.85 720–880 716 395
Table 353. SELECTING DIFFUSION ACTIVATION ENERGY IN METALLIC SYSTEMS
*
(SHEET 33 OF 33)
Metal Tracer
Crystal
Form
Purity
%
Temperature

Range
˚C
Activation
Energy, Q
kcal • mol
–1
Frequency
Factor, D
o
cm
2
• s
–1
Source: data from Askill, J.,in .,Weast, R.C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland,1974, F61.
13.3 sel Thermodynamics L Page 1421 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford, James F. & Alexander, W. “SelectingThermal Properties”
Materials Science andEngineeringHandbook
Ed. James F. Shackelford & W. Alexander
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001
List of Tables
1423
CHAPTER 12 Selecting
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals
at Temperature
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Alloy Cast Irons
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics
at Temperature
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Polymers
Thermal Expansion
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Tool Steels
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Tool Steels
at Temperature
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Alloy Cast Irons
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Ceramics
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Glasses
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Polymers
Selecting Thermal Expansion Coefficients
for Materials used in Integrated Circuits
Selecting Thermal Expansion Coefficients
for Materials used in Integrated Circuits at Temperature
14.0 sel Thermal Page 1423 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Selecting Thermal Properties
1425
Titanium 15 0.214
Zirconium 400 0.216
Zirconium 800 0.216
Titanium 300 0.219
Titanium 1200 0.22
Zirconium 2 0.223
Titanium 273 0.224
Zirconium 900 0.226
Zirconium 300 0.227
Titanium 16 0.227

Tantalum 2 0.23
Zirconium 273 0.232
Titanium 1400 0.236
Zirconium 1000 0.237
Titanium 200 0.245
Zirconium 1100 0.248
Niobium 1 0.251
Zirconium 200 0.252
Titanium 1600 0.253
Titanium 18 0.254
Zirconium 1200 0.257
Titanium 1800 0.271
Zirconium 1400 0.275
Titanium 20 0.279
Iron 1200 0.282
Zirconium 1600 0.29
Molybdenum 2 0.292
Iron 1100 0.297
Table 354. SELECTING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS
*
(SHEET 2 OF 29)
Metal
Temperature
(K)
Thermal Conductivity
(watt • cm
-1
• K
-1
)

Source: data from Ho, C. Y., Powell, R. W., and Liley, P. E., Thermal Conductictivity of
Selected Materials, NSRDS–NBS–8 and NSRD-NBS-16, Part 2 , National Standard
Reference Data System–National Bureau of Standards, Part 1, 1966; Part 2, 1968.
14.1 sel Thermal Page 1425 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Selecting Thermal Properties
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
1426
Zirconium 1800 0.302
Iron 1400 0.309
Titanium 100 0.312
Lead 600 0.312
Zirconium 2000 0.313
Titanium 90 0.324
Lead 500 0.325
Iron 1000 0.326
Iron 1600 0.327
Zirconium 100 0.332
Zirconium 3 0.333
Titanium 25 0.337
Lead 400 0.338
Titanium 80 0.339
Tantalum 3 0.345
Zirconium 90 0.35
Lead 300 0.352
Lead 273 0.355
Titanium 70 0.356
Lead 200 0.366
Zirconium 80 0.373
Titanium 60 0.377

Iron 900 0.38
Titanium 30 0.382
Lead 100 0.396
Titanium 50 0.401
Lead 90 0.401
Chromium 1 0.401
Table 354. SELECTING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS
*
(SHEET 3 OF 29)
Metal
Temperature
(K)
Thermal Conductivity
(watt • cm
-1
• K
-1
)
Source: data from Ho, C. Y., Powell, R. W., and Liley, P. E., Thermal Conductictivity of
Selected Materials, NSRDS–NBS–8 and NSRD-NBS-16, Part 2 , National Standard
Reference Data System–National Bureau of Standards, Part 1, 1966; Part 2, 1968.
14.1 sel Thermal Page 1426 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC