Structure Steel Design''''s Handbook 2009 part 2 pptx

Index terms Links


AASHTO
11.1
11.2
11.78
Abutments
11.72
Acceleration
3.10
Aging
1.33
Aging, strain
1.18
1.22
Allowable stress design (see ASD)
Allowable stresses:
bearing:
on concrete
5.60
11.64
11.168
on masonry
5.60
11.64
11.168
on steel
6.48
11.25
11.166

(See also Bolts; Pins; Rockers;
Rollers)
bending:
bridge loading combinations
11.13
11.162
in bridges
11.25
11.164
11.165
12.159
in buildings
6.31
6.47
6.48
compression with
6.49
6.50
13.27
14.61
14.64
shear with
14.57
tension with
6.50
6.51
13.28
block shear
6.41
compression:

in bridges
11.25
11.164
13.26
13.45
in buildings
6.31
6.43
6.62
9.29
fatigue
6.51
11.30
11.68
seismic
6.51
shear:
in beam webs
6.34
6.35
11.25
11.166
in bolts
6.28
11.26
1.166
in rivets
6.28
11.166
in threaded parts

6.28
tension
6.30
11.25
11.164
welds
6.38
11.24
11.164
11.167
wind
6.51
(See also ASD; Plastic design; and
specific materials)
Aluminum
1.33
American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials
11.1
11.2
11.78
13.2
American Institute of Steel Construction
6.1
6.2
6.29
6.30
American Railway Engineering and
Maintenance-of-Way Association
11.153

Anchors, government
5.62
Angles:
maximum width-thickness ratios for
9.30
net width of
6.64
11.45
11.172
11.173
strut
6.63
7.8
Annealing
1.19
1.32
Arches:
applications of
8.31
bridge:
bending in
14.8
buckling of
14.46
14.47
constant-depth versus tapered ribs
14.10
Index terms Links

Arches: bridge: (Cont.)
cost comparisons for
14.6
14.10
curved versus segmental axis
14.9
14.10
dead-load / total-load ratios for
14.9
deck
14.2
deflection of
14.8
depth / span ratios for
14.7
design example for
14.47
erection of
14.6
1
4.7
esthetics of
14.5
14.7
14.8
hanger design example for
14.63
14.64
Hell-Gate type
14.2

history of
14.1
inclined rib
14.1
lateral bracing for
14.47
14.64
(See also Bracing, bridge)
preliminary design procedure for
14.44
rise / span ratios for
14.7
spans for
14.4
14.5
steels for
14.9
through
14.2
weight estimating for
14.44
weight / total-load ratios for
14.9
14.44
(See also Bridge, arch)
defined 4.
1
fixed
4.5
14.2

14.4
14.7
flange thickness limits for
10.46
forms of
14.2
14.3
foundations for
8.32
14.2
14.3
half-through
14.2
rigid-frame
14.3
roof
8.30
8.31
solid-rib:
depths for
14.7
14.8
esthetics of
14.5
hinges for
14.4
panel lengths for
14.7
rib design example
14.59

sections for
14.2
14.8
stiffeners for
11.47
stress in
4.7
4.8
14.2
14.3
temperature effects on
14.8
three-hinged 4
.1
14.2
14.4
14.7
tied
14.2
14.7
14.8
14.44
ties
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.62
true

14.2
14.44
truss-rib
14.2
14.4
14.8
two-hinged
4.3
14.2
14.4
14.7
Vierendeel-truss-rib
14.8
wind forces on
14.8
AREMA
11.153
Areas
3.30
3.31


Index terms Links


ASD:
allowable stress in (see Allowable
stresses)
for bridges:
load combinations in

11.13
11.14
specificiations for
11.1
11.2
for buildings:
load combinations in
6.23
specifications for
6.1
6.2
6.29
6.30
principles of
6.29
6.30
versus LRFD
8.25
11.13
11.17
(See also Beams; Cold-formed
members; Columns; Composite
beams; Trusses)
ASTM
1.1
6.1
6.2
Austenite
1.30

Bainite
1.31
Bars
15.36
15.37
15.41
Beam-columns:
ASD interaction equations for
6.49
6.50
defined
3.23
3.61
design example for
7.34
LRFD interaction equations for
6.48
6.49
6.84
7.32
7.33
plastic capacity of
3.106
3.107
Beams:
allowable bending stresses for
6.31
6.47
6.48
12.159

alternative to plate girders
10.54
anchorage to walls
5.61
5.62
bearing plates for
5.60
10.63
bearing pressure on
5.60
5.61
6.48
bearings for (see bearing plates for)
(See also Rockers; Rollers)
bending and compression (see
Beam-columns)
bending axis of
3.47
3.49
bending slope of
3.37
(See also design example for: end
rotations of below)
bending strength of:
in bridges
11.15
in buildings
6.31
6.45
6.46

6.82
7.10 7.18
bending stresses in
3.27
11.48
11.49
bridge:
floorbeam (see Floorbeams)
girder (see Plate girders)
stringer (see Stringers)
buckling of (see Buckling)
camber of
2.8
2.9
8.9
8.17
cantilever (see Cantilevers)
castellated
8.21
8.23
8.24
combined forces on
3.47
3.50
compact
6.45
6.62
6.63
6.78
6.80

6.81
composite (see Composite beams)
Index terms Links


Beams: (Cont.)
concentrated loads on
6.43
6.44
concrete encased
6.72
6.73
8.9
8.10
conjugate
3.69
continuous:
advantages of
12.153
analysis of (see Structural analysis)
carry-over factors for
3.84
3.85
defined
3.63
maximum moments in
12.153
12.154
span defined for
11.48

spans for
12.154
costs of
1.8
cover-plated
2.13
6.63
6.65
11.49
curvature of
3.36
3.37
curved, rolled 12
.55
(See also Curved girders)
defined
3.21
3.25
7.1
deflections of:
bending moment
3.36
conjugate-beam method for
3.69
limits on
3.42
6.74
8.25
moment-area method for
3.69

3.72
3.73
shear
3.46
3.47
unit-load method for
3.69
3.72
3.73
design example for:
building beam with overhang
7.16
simple-span building floorbeam
7.11
unbraced building floorbeam
7.14
(See also Composite beams;
Floorbeams)
design section for
6.65
eccentric loads on
3.46
5.96
elastic curve of
3.36
end connections for (see Connections)
end rotations of
3.73
3.75
fixed-end:

elastic curves for
3.38
end moments in
3.38
3.78
moment diagrams for
3.38
shear diagrams for
3.38
slope diagrams for
3.38
flanges of:
effective area of
6.65
11.176
hole deductions for
6.65
11.25
11.176
width-thickness limits for
6.63
6.81
9.23
11.38
11.65
11.174
flexural formula for
3.28
11.48
11.49

hollow structural section
6.82
6.83
lateral support for
5.95
5.96
6.64
8.7
8.9

11.55
11.175
limit states for
11.14
11.15
link
9.12
9.23
9.31
minimum depth for
6.75
11.49
moment diagrams for
3.37
Index terms Links


Beams: (Cont.)
neutral axis in
3.28

noncompact
6.62
6.63
6.80
6.81
openings in
8.15
8.16
plastic-range bending in
3.29
3.32
propped
3.42
3.43
reactions of
3.38
residual stresses in
1.26
resisting moments in
3.28
rigid-frame
3.60
3.62
roof, ponding on
6.75
shear capacity of
6.34
6.35
6.65
6.66

7.10
shear center of
3.48
3.49
shear diagrams for
3.38
simple:
concentrated loads on
3.38
end moments on
3.38
3.39
influence lines for
3.89
shear deflection of
3.45
3.46
triangular loads on
3.40
uniformly loaded
3.25
3.37
3.39
3.43
3.45
slender-element
6.62
span of
6.64
11.48

12.1
spandrel
8.14
statically determinate
3.68
stiffeners for
6.34
6.35
6.65
strains in
3.25
stress distribution in
3.25
torsion of (see twisting below)
twisting of
3.48
(See also Buckling, beam)
unsymmetrical bending of
3.48
web crippling in
5.61
6.44
web yielding in
5.61
6.43
6.44
(See also Cold-formed members;
Floorbeams; Framing: Girders;
Joists; Moments; Purlins; Sections;
Shear; Stringers; Structures)

Bearing bar
12.100

12.101
Bearings:
anchor bolts required for
11.66
beam
5.60
11.63
11.178
12.3
12.4
elastomeric:
advantages of
11.55
composition of
11.65
design of
11.65
pedestals for
11.66
(See also shoes below)
pot
11.65
11.66
PTFE
11.65
requirements for
11.63

shoes:
design basis for
11.66
design examples for
12.97
Index terms Links


Bearing: shoes: (Cont.)
materials for
11.66
seismic evaluation of
12.102
thicknesses for
11.66
sliding plate
11.64
(See also Rockers; Rollers)
Bendability
1.32
Bending:
of beams (see Beam-columns; Beams;
Moments)
strain energy of
3.56
(See also Allowable stresses, bending
Strength design, bending)
Bents
3.62
Betti’s theorem

3.59
Blooms
1.37
Bolts:
A307 (see ordinary below)
allowable shear in
6.35
11.26
11.166
allowable tension in
5.42
5.43
6.27
anchor
5.55
11.12
11.66
bracket connections with
5.67
common (see ordinary below)
design area of
6.36
11.26
design strength of
6.35
diameters of:
commonly used
5.10
5.11
11.26

11.168
maximum
5.11
minimum
5.10
fatigue of
11.29
for hangers
5.40
high-strength:
application of
6.36
6.37
6.76
11.26
11.168
costs of
5.3
5.5
length required for
5.4
minimum pretension for
6.36
6.37
permissible types of
5.1
5.2
thread lengths for
5.4
tightening of

2.5
5.1
5.17
6.36
hole for:
diameters of
5.11
6.64
11.26
11.45
11.168
11.173
fabrication of
2.4
2.5
2.14
5.11
5.12
reaming of
2.9
5.11
5.12
machine (see ordinary below)
ordinary:
application of
6.36
6.37
11.26
tightening of
2.5

prevention of loosening
5.5
prying forces from
5.43
5.103
5.105
5.106
11.28
sealing
5.13
5.14
6.77
shear and tension on
5.72
6.40
6.41
11.28
specifications for
2.5
5.1
5.5
5
.18
standard-size
5.3
stitch
5.13
11.46
11.48
Index terms Links

Bolts: (Cont.)
tension on
6.33
6.34
11.27
11.28
twist-off
5.5
5.18
5.19
(See also Connections; Joints; Splices)
Boron
1.33
Box girders:
advantages of
11.56
12.114
12.115
13.19
allowable stresses in
11.56
bracing of
11.56
bridge cross sections with
12.115
continuous
12.115
corner welds for

11.67
11.68
13.19
13.20
curved
12.49
(See also Curved girders)
design example for:
composite concrete
12.117
orthotropic-plate
12.130
drainage of
11.56
flange to web welds for
11.60
flanges of
11.38
11.56
12.116
load distribution to:
from concrete
11.22
12.115
12.119
1
2.120
from steel plate
12.130
12.132

12.134
sealing of
11.76
shapes of
12.115
12.116
shipping limitations for
12.116
single versus multiple
11.56
spacing of
11.56
12.118
spans for
12.114
stiffeners for 11
.56
(See also Stiffeners)
webs of
11.38
11.57
width of
11.56
12.115
12.118
width / thickness limits for
11.38
(See also Orthotropic plates)
Bracing:
angle

5.39
beam
5.95
5.96
bridge:
arch
11.42
11.43
14.64
box girder
11.57
cross-frame
11.43
11.44
11.175
11.176
12.22
diaphragm
11.43
11.175
11.176
knee
12.113
12.114
lateral
11.42
11.43
11.175
12.22
12.93

location of
11.42
1.43
11.175
11.176
methods of
11.42
11.175
objectives of
11.42
11.175
for plate-girders
11.55
12.22
12.45
12.46
portal
11.42
11.44
slenderness limitations on
11.37
sway
11.42
11.44
through-girder
5.96

Index terms Links

Bracing: bridge: (Cont.)
truss (see Trusses, bridge, lateral
bracing; portal bracing;
sway bracing)
wind loads on
11.43
11.161
11.162
building:
chevron
9.22
9.29
cross-frame
5.96
cross sections for
9.30
diagonal
9.29
diaphragm
5.89
K
9.22
9.29
slenderness limitations on
9.30
X
9.22
9.29
connections for
5.98

erection
2.20
maximum allowable compression in
9.29
rigid-connection (see Rigid frames)
shear wall (see Walls, shear)
(See also Frames, concentric braced
and eccentric braced)
Brackets
5.67
12.81
12.82
Bridge:
arch:
Bayonne
14.14
14.15
Burro Creek
14.32
14.33
Cold Spring Canyon
14.30
14.31
Colorado River
14.34
14.35
Fort Pitt
14.26
14.27
Fremont

14.16
14.17
Glenfield
14.28
14.29
14.47
Leavenworth Centennial
14.38
14.39
Lewiston-Queenston
14.20
14.21
New River Gorge
14.12
14.13
North Fork Stillaguamish River
14.40
14.41
Port Mann
14.11
Roosevelt Lake
14.18
14.19
Sherman Minton
14.22
14.23
Smith Avenue High
14.36
14.37
South Street over I-84

14.42
14.43
West End-North Side
14.24
14.25
box girder:
Abstrasse
12.117
Chester
12.117
Frankfurt
12.117
Fremont River
12.116
King County
12.116
Kirchweyhe
12.117
Klamath River
12.116
Stillaguamish River
12.116
cable-stayed:
Batman
15.17
15.2
0
Bonn
15.21
Bratislava

15.20
Index terms Links


Bridge: cable-swayed: (Cont.)
Büchenauer
15.18
chain
15.2
15.3
Cologne
15.20
Dryburgh Abbey
15.2
15.3
Duisburg
15.21
15.31
Düsseldorf-North
15.21
Düsseldorf-Oberkassel
15.20
Ebro River
15.17
15.19
Ganga
15.22
Gischlard-Arnodin
15.2
15.4

Hatley chain
15.2
15.4
Jülicherstrasse
15.18
Karlsruhe
15.20
King’s Meadow
15.2
15.3
Kniebrucke
15.18
15.20
Leverkusen
15.18
15.21
Loscher type
15.2
15.4
Lower Yarra
15.18
Ludwigshafen
15.20
Luling
15.17
15.51
Manheim
15.20
Maracaibo
15.22

Maxau
15.18
Meridian
15.17
Nienburg
15.2
15.3
Norderelbe 1
5.21
15.22
Normandy
15.25
15.30
15.31
Onomichi
15.21
Papineau
15.21
Pasco-Kennewick
15.26
15.51
Poyet type
15.2
15.4
Schillerstrasse
15.51
Strömsund
15.2
15.21
15.99

Sunshine Skyway
15.17
Talmadge
15.17
Tatara
15.25
15.31
Yang Pu
15.25
15.30
15.31
Zarate-Brazo Largo
15.26
15.32
(See also Cable-stayed bridges,
major, details of)
orthotropic plate:
Fremont
12.129
Poplar Street
12.129
San Diego-Coronado
12.129
San Mateo-Heyward
12.129
Severin River
12.129
Wye River
12.129
(See also Orthotropic plates)

suspension:
Akashi Kaikyo
15.13
15.30
Bidwell Bar
15.14
15.45
15.46
15.50
Bosporus
15.10
15.13
15.50
bridal-chord
15.9
Index terms Links


Bridge: suspension: (Cont.)
Brighton Chain Pier
15.86
Bronx-Whitestone
15.50
15.69
15.86
Brooklyn
15.1
15.14
15.45
15.47

15.48
15.50
Chesapeake Bay (second)
15.46
Cincinnati
15.2
Cologne-Mulheim
15.9
Deer Isle
15.14
15.86
Delaware Memorial I
15.13
15.69
Dryburgh Abbey
15.2
15.86
First Tacoma Narrows
15.12
Forth Road
15.13
15.69
15.88
Fykesesund
15.86
Galashiels
15.1
General U. S. Grant
15.15
15.45

15.46
15.50
George Washington
15.8
15.13
15.50
15.69
15.91
Gilbraltar Straits
15.30
15.31
Golden Gate
15.12
15.13
15.30
15.31
15.48

15.69
15.86
15.91
Hennepin Avenue
15.47
15.50
Humber
15.13
15.31
15.50
Jacob’s Creek
15.1

Klamath River
11.118
Long’s Creek
15.86
Mackinac
15.10
15.50
15.69
15.88
Manhattan
15.14
15.31
15.32
15.48
15.50
Menai Straits
15.1
15.86
Messina Straits
15.30
15.31
Montrose
15.86
Nassau
15.86
Newport
15.14
15.45
15.46
15.50

Niagara Falls
15.2
15.5
15.14
Niagara-Clifton
15.86
Niagara-Lewiston
15.86
Oder River
15.1
Ohio River
15.1
15.14
15.15
Old St. Clair
15.5
Paseo
15.9
Roche-Bernard
15.86
Ruhrort-Hamburg
15.9
Salazar Bridge
15.7
15.69
San Francsico–Oakland Bay
15.8
15.9
15.12
15.13

15.69
Schuylkill River
15.1
Severn
15.10
15.18
15.88
15.97
Storebelt
15.13
15.30
15.31
Tacoma Narrows I
15.13
15.86
15.91
Tacoma Narrows II
15.13
15.69
15.88
Thousand Island
15.15
15.86
Throgs Neck
15.13
15.50
Triborough
15.10
15.11
15.14

Union
15.86
Verrazano Narrows 1
5.10
15.11
15.13
15.31

15.44
15.50
15.69
15.91
Walt Whitman
15.12
15.13
15.50
15.69
Index terms Links


Bridge: suspension: (Cont.)
Wheeling
15.86
Williamsburg
15.10
15.14
15.31
15.34
15.48
15.50

Zügelgurtbrücke
15.9
(See also Suspension bridges, major)

Bridges:
allowable stresses for (see Allowable
stresses)
abutments for
11.72
approach slabs for
11.72
11.73
arch (see Arches; Bridge; arch)
bearings for
11.63
(See also Bearings)
box girder (see Box girders; Bridge,
box-girder)
cable-stayed (see Bridge,
cable-stayed; Cable-stayed bridges)
cable-suspended (see Bridge, cable-
stayed and suspension; Cable-
stayed bridges; Suspension bridges)

cantilever
2.25
2.26
constructability of
11.77
continuous-beam

2.24
12.154
12.169
(See also Beams; continuous)
curved-girder
2.24
deck:
advantages of
12.69
12.104
floorbeam/ girder design example for
12.70
(See also Arches; Box girders;
Girders; Plate girders: Stringers;

Trusses)
decks for
3.60
11.69
11.162
11.163
12.3

13.5
13.8
13.9
(See also Composite beams; Concrete
slabs; Orthotropic plates; Steel-grid

floors)

deflection limits for
11.3
11.63
design method for:
ASD
11.2
11.5
11.13
11.30
11.153
LFD
11.2
11.5
11.13
11.30
LRFD
11.2
11.5
11.13
11.32
11.78
design of:
effects of traffic volume on
11.2
11.3
highway loads in
11.4
(See also Loads)
load distribution for
11.20

service-life considerations in
11.3
seismic
11.9
design traffic lanes for
11.20
11.21
dimensional changes of
11.63
11.64
erection of
2.23
expansion joints in
11.72
11.76
floorbeams in (see Floorbeams)
inspectability of
11.77
Index terms Links


Bridges: (Cont.)
jointless
11.72
maintenance of
11.76
11.77
orthotropic plate (see Bridge, ortho-
tropic plate; Orthotropic plates)
paints for (see Paint)

primary purpose of
11.2
railings for
11.8
11.9
simple-beam
2.22
skewed
13.5
13.49
13.50
spans for:
classification of
15.23
15.24
cost effective
11.63
defined
11.48
specifications for:
fatigue design of
11.30
fracture control
11.29
railings
11.8
11.9
seismic design
11.9
11.35

11.36
11.162
standard design
11.1
11.2
steels for
1.6
11.29
11.30
11.74
stringer (see Stringers)
suspension (see Bridge, suspension;
Suspension bridges)
temperature zones for
1.6
1.7
through:
advantages of
12.69
12.104
design example for
12.105
main girder spacing in
11.48
12.104
(See also Arches; Plate girders;
Trusses)
truss
2.24
2.25

(See also Trusses)
unpainted
11.75
11.76
uplift on
11.12
Brinell hardness
1.17
Brittle fracture:
characteristics of
1.23
Charpy test for
1.23
design against
1.23
mechanics of
1.25
1.26
thickness effect on
1.25
1.26
trnsition curves for
1.24
Buckling:
beam, lateral
3.96
11.36
11.42
(See also Beams, twisting of)
bracing against

9.29
9.30
column
3.93
6.34
11.36
effect of residual stresses on
1.26
1.27
frame
3.98
3.99
local
3.99
3.100
6.49
10.7
10.9
10.10
plate
3.99
3.100
5.98
11.36
Building codes
6.1
6.2
6.85
6.86

Index terms Links


Buildings:
erection of
2.20
fire protected (see Fire protection)
fireproof
6.88
6.89
importance factors for
6.10
6.12
6.15
9.5
9.6
9.12
influence areas for live load
6.3
seismic coefficients for
6.21
9.11
9.12
9.17
size limitations for
6.86
special approvals for
6.2
standard specifications for
6.2

terrain exposure types for
6.10
6.11
6.13
9.5
9.6
(See also Frames; Framing; Loads;
Structures)

Cable-stayed bridges:
aerodynamics of
15.93
allowable cable stresses for
15.81
analysis of:
deflection theory for
15.78
15.79
first-order elastic theory for
15.76
15.78
seismic
15.96
15.97
anchorages for
15.16
cable forces in
15.16
15.81
cable prestressing effects on

15.76
cable stays for
15.17
15.41
cables for (see Cables)
characteristics of
15.5
15.16
15.75
15.76
classification of
15.23
15.24
composite
15.17
15.19
concrete 15.1
7
cost comparison for
14.6
cross sections of
15.18
15.23
deflection limits for
15.79
design of:
criteria for
15.79
preliminary
15.79

drop-in lengths for
15.17
girder depths for
15.16
15.79
girder types for
15.80
15.81
history of
15.2
loads on
15.35
major, details of
15.25
pylons for
15.22
15.23
15.79
saddles for
15.41
side span / main span ratios
15.80
spans of
15.16
15.17
15.20
specifications for
15.32
15.34
15.35

stability during erection
15.93
steel
15.17
15.18
wind-effect studies for
15.93
(See also Cables; Suspension bridges)
Cable systems:
advantages of
4.27
8.33
comparative costs of
8.33
8.3
5
Index terms Links


Cable systems: (Cont.)
fire protection of
8.35
limitations on deformations of
8.33
8.35
network
4.29
4.34
stabilization of
8.33

8.35
supports for
8.33
8.35
truss
4.29
types of
8.33
(See also Cables, suspension)
Cables:
applications of
6.85
cable condition equation for
15.63
15.64
configurations of
1.14
6.85
15.35
corrosion protection for
15.45
creep of
15.38
defined
1.13
1.14
15.35
15.36
erection of:
for cable-stayed bridges

15.41
15.99
15.100
for suspension bridges
15.39
15.97
15.98
15.100
history of
15.35
mechanical properties of
1.14
modulus of elasticity of
15.37
15.38
sheathing for
15.41
specifications for
1.14
spinning of
15.39
15.97
15.98
15.100
structural behavior of
6.85
suspension:
allowable stresses for
15.68
asymmetrical

15.53
catenary
4.25
4.26
15.53
defined
4.23
differential equation for
4.24
15.52
15.53
15.61
geometric properties of
15.54
Melan equation for
15.64
15.65
parabolic
4.26
15.53
pylon movement effects on
15.73
15.74
sag change effects on
15.73
15.74
stresses in
4.25
14.49
14.53

14.54
15.55
15.57
(See also Suspension bridges,
design of)
stretch in
15.15
15.16
thermal effects on
15.58
15.59
15.74
Timoshenko equations for
15.64
(See also Cable systems)
types of
1.13
1.14
(See also Bridges; Rope; Strand;
Wire)
vibration of
15.94
Camber:
beam
2.8
2.9
8.9
8.17
12.5
12.19

defined
2.8
6.76
plate girder
2.9
11.50
12.22
12.23
truss
2.10
8.21
Cantilever method
9.36
Index terms Links


Cantilevers:
bending deflection of
3.70
3.71
concentrated loads on
3.41
end moments on
3.41
influence lines for
3.90
shear deflection of
3.45
3.46
triangular loads on

3.41
uniformly loaded
3.41
Carbon
1.33
1.35
Carbon equivalent
1.4
1.5
1.35
Carry-over factors
3.83
Castigliano’s theorems
3.56
3.57
Catenary (see Cables, suspension)
Cementite
1.30
1.31
Centroid
3.12
3.28
3.30
3.31
Charpy tests
1.6
1.7
1.24
1.26
5.2

11.29
Checkers
2.2
Chromium
1.34
1.35
Cold-formed members:
ASD design of
10.3
bolted connections for
10.34
combined loading strength of
10.21
10.23
10.27

connections for:
limit states of
10.41
screwed
10.37
welded
10.30
cross sections of
10.1
10.2
cylindrical
10.30
design examples for
10.42

design methods for
10.5
10.6
effective widths for
10.11
10.42
loadings for
10.4
local buckling of
10.7
10.9
10.1
0
LRFD design of
10.3
10.4
10.6
manufacture of
10.2
10.4
materials for
10.1
10.2
resistance factors for
10.3
10.4
10.6
residential construction with
10.41
10.42

safety factors for
10.3
10.4
10.5
strength of:
bending
10.16
10.23
10.30
10.45
10.46
compression
10.25
10.30
shear
10.20
10.21
tension
10.16
web crippling
10.21
section properties of
10.7
10.8
10.42
specifications for
10.1
10.2
wall studs of
10.41

10.4
2
Cold forming
1.18
1.19
Columbium
1.34
Columns:
allowable stresses for (see Allowable
stresses, compression)
angle
7.8
Index terms Links


Columns: (Cont.)
base leveling of
5.60
base plates for
5.54
beam connections to (see Connections)
buckling of
3.93
6.42
6.43
13.23
built-up
2.13
2.14
6.76

6.77
butt plates for
5.51
composite
6.73
6.74
concrete-filled:
pipe
6.73
6.74
tubing
6.73
6.74
costs of
1.10
1.11
defined
3.21
7.1
design example for:
ASD of truss chord
13.26
13.27
LFD of truss chord
13.23
LRFD of pipe
7.6
design strength of
6.42
6.43

6.80
7.5
displacement effects on
3.101
effective length of
3.95

3.96
6.42
6.43
6.80
6.81

7.34
7.35
erection of
2.25
5.51
Euler’s formula for
3.93
flange width / thickness limits for
11.37
11.38
grillages for
5.55
hollow structural section
6.80
lifting lugs for
5.52
5.53

limit state for
5.87
orientation of
8.18
8.19
8.21
8.22
panel-zone shear in
5.89
9.27
rigid-grame
3.61
3.62
seismic loads for
9.24
9.25
shapes commonly used for
7.1
7.5
slenderness ratios of
3.95
6.42
6.76
6.7
7
7.5
7.6

7.8
7.9

11.36
11.37
11.172
splices for (see Splices; column)
stiffeners for:
at anchor bolts
5.55
5.56
at beam connections
5.86
9.25
9.26
torsional buckling loads for
3.96
web doubler plates for
5.89
wide-flange:
ASD of
7.7
7.8
LRFD of
7.7
(See also Cold-formed members;
Compression members; Framing;
Sections; Structures)
Composite beams:
action of
6.67
11.50
box girder (see Box girders)

components of
7.18
8.15
8.16
11.50
concrete encased
6.72
6.73


Index terms Links


Composite beams: (Cont.)
continuous:
advantages of
12.153
negative steel for
11.51
11.52
12.154
(See also design example for below)

deflection of
12.19
12.20
design example for:
ASD of bridge stringers
12.5
12.23

building beam with overhang
7.28
continuous bridge beams
12.154
curved bridge
12.56
LFD of bridge stringer
12.34
LRFD of bridge stringer
11.78
12.169
simple building beams
7.2
effective concrete flange width for
6.54
11.50
11.51
flange area estimating for
12.10
12.11
12.26
12.27
future reinforcement of
8.17
metal deck and concrete
8.2
8.16
8
.17
minimum depths for

11.51
neutral axis location in
7.19
11.50
partly composite
7.21
plastic design stresses in
7.19
shear-connectors:
design with for bridges
11.50
design with for buildings
6.67
7.18
strength of
6.71
6.72
11.52
shoring of
6.67
8.4
8.6
8.17
8.25
11.51
spans for
12.4
12.5
transformed section for
6.67

6.68
7.25
11.50
types of
6.69
vibration design of
7.26
web shear in
11.51
(See also Beams; Plate girders)
(See also Concrete slabs composite;
Shear connectors)
Composite open-web joists
8.17
8.18
Composite trusses
8.18
8.19
Compression:
flexibility in
3.23
local buckling effects from
3.99
6.62
6.63
6.80
6.81
stiffness in
3.23
uniform

3.22
6.42
(See also Columns)
Compression members:
building
7.5
built-up bridge
11.46
shear in
11.48
truss
13.21
(See also Arches; Columns;
Compression)
Concrete:
allowable compressive stress for
6.69
6.73
11.50
11.7
bearing strength of
7.38
7.39
creep of
11.50
11.51
12.7
12.11
12.27
Index terms Links

Concrete: (Cont.)
lightweight
8.6
8.7
12.3
modular ratio of
6.68
6.73
11.50
precast plank
8.8
8.9
8.11
8.12
12.3
prestressed plank
8.8
8.9
steel reinforcement for
11.50
11.70
11.71
strength of
7.18
weight of
11.69
(See also Columns, concrete-filled;
Composite beams; Composite

joists; Composite trusses)
Concrete slabs:
composite:
construction with
6.67
8.2
8.16
8.17
11.50
design example for
12.5
12.37
edge beams required for
11.70
11.71
effective span of
11.70
forms for
12.4
noncomposite; design example for
14.47
14.48
spanning directions of
13.9
toppings for
8.8
8.9
11.69
truck-load moments in
11.70

11.71
Conjugate-beam method
3.70
Connections:
angel
5.40
bearing-type:
allowable stresses for
6.35
applications for
2.5
5.1
cost of
5.4
5.10
defined
5.3
design strength of
6.35
block shear failure of
6.41
bolted:
clearances for
5.13
5.14
contact surfaces in
5.18
edge distances in
5.14
gage in

5.13
5.14
6.64
hole alignment in
5.17
maximum bolt spacing in
5.13
5.14
minimum bolt spacing in
5.13
minimum bolts for
5.12
5.39
pitch in
5.13
5.14
6.76
6.77
(See also Bolts, holes for;
Compression members, built-up;

Tension members, built-up)
bolted and welded
5.2
5.3
5.19
for bracing
5.98
9.30
9.41

9.42
bracket
5.67
bridge floorbeam
11.3
11.4
bridge stringer
11.3
11.4
column end 6
.76
design procedure for
5.38
drawings of
2.2
6.29
for earthquake loads
9.25
9.30
9.39
Index terms Links


Connections: (Cont.)
economic considerations for
5.1
5.4
5.39
fatigue-prone
5.1

5.48
(See also Hangers)
fully restrained (see rigid below)
girder cover plate to flange
6.65
girder flange to web
6.65
11.50
gusset-plate
5.40
5.98
hanger end (see Hangers)
knee (see moment below)
minimum design load for
5.12
5.39
moment:
application of
5.86
forces on
5.39
weak-column
9.28
(See also rigid and semirigid below)

partially restrained (see semirigid
below)
pin (see Pins)
prying forces on
5.43

5.103
5.105
5.106
11.29
rigid:
drawings of
2.2
forces on
5.77
purpose of
5.77
5.86
seismic design of
9.25
9.39
9.40
(See also moment above)
riveted and welded
5.2
screwed
10.37
semirigid
5.77
9.39
9.40
simple-beam:
drawings of
2.2
5.77
end rotations of

5.77
framed
5.77
seated
5.77
shear on
5.77
slip-critical:
allowable slip load for
6.36
6.38
allowable stresses for
5.3
applications of
2.5
5.1
6.29
bolts for 6.3
7
11.26
cost of
5.3
5.10
5.11
defined
5.3
design strength for
6.36
maximum load on
11.28

slip coefficients for
11.27
11.28
surface classes for
11.27
11.28
snug tight:
applications of
2.5
welded:
advantages of
5.19
5.20
5.41
for box girder components
11.60
11.67
11.68
in cold-formed members
10.30
contact surfaces in
5.33
design of
5.19
Index terms Links


Connections: welded: (Cont.)
disadvantages of
5.19

drawings of
2.2
fatigue of
6.38
6.51
finish machining of
5.34
fit-up costs for
5.20
plate ends in
6.30
6.32
6.33
for plate girder components
6.65
11.67
selection of
11.67
stress relieving of
5.34
with studs 5
.5
5.6
tension-member
5.31
with various types of welds
5.2
5.22
(See also Welding; Welds)
(See also Bolts; Joints; Splices;

Welding; Welds)
Copper
1.34
Corrosion:
protection of cables against
15.45
rates of
1.5
resistance of steels to
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.10
1.11
1.33
weathering-steel resistance to
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
Cranes
2.17
Creep:
of concrete
11.50
11.51
12.7
12.11
12.27
of steel

1.22
1.23
1.32
1.34
1.35
Cross frames
5.96
12.127
12.128
12.138
Curved girders:
advantages of
12.48
analysis of:
approximate methods for
12.49
closed-framing
12.52
12.54
limitations on
12.49
open-framing
12.49
12.55
box
12.49
12.52
bracing for
12.49
design example for

12.56
erection of
2.24
fabrication of
2.14
12.55
loads on
12.54
12.55
sizing of
12.55
structural behavior of
12.48
12.49
supports for
12.49
12.53
Cutting:
with flame
1.40
2.3
2.4
with plasma
1.40
2.4
with saws
2.4
with shears
1.39
2.4

D’Alembert’s principle
3.12
3.117
Decks (see Bridges, decks for; Floors)
Deflections:
beam:
conjugate beam method for
3.69
Index terms Links


Deflections: beam: (Cont.)
elastic curves for
3.36
maximum in
3.42
6.74
moment-area method for
3.69
3.72
unit-load method for
3.56
3.72
bridge
11.3
12.139
concrete plank
8.9
concrete slab

8.9
influence lines for
3.89
relation to load
3.37
relation to shear
3.37
shear
3.45
3.46
Deformations:
computation assumptions for
3.2
3.7
laws of
3.1
(See also Beams; Columns; Creep;
Deflections; Displacements;
Elongations; Rotations; Strains)
Degrees of freedom
3.76
3.78
3.115
Derricks
2.17
Design strength (see Strength design)
Detailers
2.1
Details (see Drawings)
Diaphragms:

box girders with
12.125
12.126
concrete-plank
8.9
concrete-slab
8.9
lateral bracing:
in bridges
5.95
5.96
11.42
11.174

12.2
12.3
12.5
in buildings
5.95
5.96
9.42
shear in
8.8
steel-deck
8.7
8.8
8.10
wood-fiber-plank
8.11
Displacement methods

3.76
Displacements:
acceleration
3.10
3.11
axial-load
3.23
by Castigliano’s theorems
3.56
3.57
plane motion
3.10
virtual
3.52
(See also Deflections; Strains;
Structural analysis)
Distribution factors, moment
3.83
Domes:
advantages of
8.31
8.32
defined
4.8
hooped and ribbed
4.19
membrane theory for
4.8
plate
4.8

ribbed
4.8
4.11
Schwedler
4.22
types of
8.31
8.32

Index terms Links


Drawings:
design
2.2
detail
2.1
2.2
erection
2.1
2.2
2.25
Drilling
1.39
2.3
5.11
5.12
Ductility
1.16
1.18

1.22
1.32
1.38
Ductility transition temperature
1.24
1.25
1.33
1.38
Dummy-unit-load method
3.56
3.57
3.73
Dynamics:
branches of
3.10
defined
3.10

Earthquakes:
allowable stresses for
6.51
design for:
by dynamic force method
9.14
by equivalent force method
9.10
prime concerns in
9.1
specifications for
9.9

9.10
ground accelerations from
6.21
loads from (see Loads, seismic)
severity map of
6.22
6.25
9.11
(See also Loads; Frames)
Elastic center
4.5
Elastomeric bearings
11.55
11.63
Elongations
1.3
1.4
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.16
(See also Deformations)
Endurance (fatigue) limit
3.118
Energy:
elastic potential (see strain below)
strain:
bending
3.55
of axially loaded members

3.52
shear
3.55
torsion
3.55
Equilibrium laws of
3.6
3.7
Erection:
of bridges
2.23
14.6
14.7
of buildings
2.20
2.23
drawings for
2.2
2.25
equipment for
2.17
planning for
11.77
safety concerns in
2.21
2.23
2.27
tolerances in
2.25
2.26

Euler’s formula
3.94
Expansion coefficient
1.4
Eyebars
6.33
11.46

Fabrication:
of built-up sections
2.12
Chicago method of
2.10
computer controlled
2.4
2.5
2.9
cutting (see Cutting)
drawings for
2.1
2.2
Index terms Links


Fabrication: (Cont.)
estimate
2.1
fit-up in
2.9
fully assembled method of

2.10
2.11
Gary method of
2.10
of girders
2.9
operations during
2.3
planning for
11.77
reamed-template method of
2.9
tolerances in
2.2
2.3
2.12
2.16
2.17
of trusses
2.10
2.11
(See also Box girders; Curved girders;
Drilling; Plate girders; Punching;
Reaming; Sawing; Welding; Welds)

Fasteners (see Bolts; Pins; Studs; Welds)
Fatigue:
constants
6.51
cracking from

11.30
described
1.22
effect of notches on.
1.22
hanger design for
5.46
5.47
loading cycles causing
6.51
6
.57
provisions for avoiding
6.57
6.62
11.30
resistance to
1.34
splice design for
5.48
stress categories for
6.51
stress range for:
defined
1.22
11.30
in bridges
11.30
11.31
in buildings

6.51
6.57
Fatigue limit
3.119
Ferrite
1.30
Fillers
5.16
5.17
5.38
5.52
Fire:
characteristics of
6.86
fuel for in buildings
6.86
loading
6.86
6.87
resistance to
6.86
6.88
6.95
6.96
6.100
severity of
6.86
Fire protection:
building code requirements for
6.85

6.86
6.97
6.99
with concrete
6.91
6.92
8.6
8.7
8.9
8.11
by concrete-encasing steel framing
8.9
design of
6.100
flame-shield
6.93
6.97
with gypsum
6.89
6.90
with masonry
6.93
metal-covered
6.93
6.94
methods of
8.28
spray -applied
6.89
6.91

6.93
6.94
8.6
of steel-deck floor
8.6
8.7
8.10
with suspended-ceiling
6.90
8.6
8.7
test evaluation of
6.86
6.88
thermal size of
6.95
6.99
Index terms Links


Fire protection: (Cont.)
thickness equations for
6.95
6.96
6.100
with water-filled columns
6.93
6.95
6.96
with wood-fiber plank

8.11
Fire rating agencies
6.86
6.88
Fire ratings
6.86
Fire tests 6.
86
6.88
6.93
6.97
Flame shields
6.93
6.97
Flexibility coefficients
3.76
Flexibility; axial-load
3.24
(See also Stiffness)
Floorbeams:
bridge:
ASD examples of
12.75
12.105
12.106
14.54
bracket
12.81
12.82
end connections for

11.3
11.4
orientation of
11.3
11.42
13.5
with orthotropic plate flanges
4.48
4.51
12.15
for trusses
3.60
11.3
11.4
11.42
13.5
building (see Beams, design example)
Floors:
bridge (see Bridges; decks for)
concrete (see Concrete, precast plank,
and prestressed plank; Concrete
slabs)
framing for (see Framing)
loads on (see Loads)
steel deck:
attachment to framing
8.8
cellular
8.2
composite beams with

6.68
7.18
8.2
8.16
8.17
depths of
8.2
diaphragm action with
8.7
interlocking of
8.8
minimum yield stress for
8.1
spans of
8.2
thicknesses of
8.2
(See also Orthotropic plates)
steel grid
11.69
11.71
11.72
12.3
vibrations in
6.75
8.28
8.29
(See also Diaphragms; Roofs)
Folded plates
4.42

Force methods
3.76
Force-displacement equations (see
Structural analysis)
Forces:
addition of
3.2
characteristics of
3.2
collinear
3.2
components of
3.2
concentrated
3.2
concurrent
3.2
3.5
coplanar
3.2
distributed
3.2
Index terms Links


Forces: (Cont.)
in equilibrium
3.7
3.8
frictional

3.8
3.9
moments of
3.5
3.6
normal
3.14
resultant of
3.3
shearing
3.14
(See also Loads)
Fracture-appearance transition
temperature
1.25
1.33
1.34
1.38
Fracture-critical member
11.29
11.170
13.4
Fracture mechanics
1.25
1.26
Fracture toughness
1.26
Frames:
base shear in
6.21

9.10
9.16
bent
3.62
buckling in
3.98
3.99
concentric braced
9.19
9.28
cross
5.96
11.43
11.44
11.175
11.176
12.22
degree of determinancy 3.
62
3.63
displacement effects on
3.101
dual system
9.12
9.13
9.21
9.22
9.38
ductility evaluation of
9.17

eccentric braced
9.12
9.19
9.23
9.31
fundamental elastic period of
6.21
6.23
6.24
9.12
gable
3.68
3.69
hysteretic behavior of
9.17
irregular
9.14
maximum drift (sideway) of
6.75
9.14
maximum moments in
6.8
6.9
moment-resisting
3.60
8.18
9.12
9.19
(See also Rigid frames)
motion equations for

9.14
nodes in
3.76
nonlinear behavior of
3.99
9.38
9.39
planar
3.62
rigid (see moment-resisting above)
(See also Rigid frames)
seismic coefficients for
6.21
9.11
9.12
9.17
seismic design for
9.10
(See also Earthquakes)
seismic loads on (see Loads, seismic)
seismic response spectra for
9.15
seismic slenderness limitations for
9.24
soil profile coefficients for
6.23
9.11
space
3.62
8.29

8.30
statically determinate
3.68
3.69
statically indeterminate
3.68
3.69
wind design for
9.1
(See also ASD; Framing; Loads; LRFD

Structural analysis; Structures)
Framing:
barrel-vault
8.30
cold-formed steel
8.18
8.19