o reilly Unix Backup and Recovery phần 10 ppt

application disk, 11
copying block-by-block (copyutil), 290, 295
database data disks, partitioning, 11
partitioning information, finding and recording (SysAudit), 143
raw partitions, copying (dd utility), 72
RDBMS, failures of, 362
recovery companies, 664
standardizing layout, 10
hard drives
exported data, writing to, 452
hardware
backups, 616-648
comparison of products, 645-648
using, 621-625
vendors, 643-645
web site information, 616
compatibility problems, reading backup volumes, 129
compression (AMANDA), 148, 157, 161, 169
failure, losing data from, 44
HA vs. fault-tolerant systems, 234
HA systems surviving failures of, 232
hosts, information on (SysInfo), 144
IRIX system, listing available, 311, 317
network and backup, maximizing use, 216
recovering system onto new, 337
headers
cpio backups, problems with, 109
dumps, 657
head-to-tape transfer rate, 618
heartbeat links, 233, 235
helical scan

linear vs., 625
streaming, 629
help (AMANDA) on web site, 151
Hewlett Packard
make_recovery utility, 251
Hewlett-Packard
HP-UX (see HP-UX operating system)
Hierarchical Storage Management
(see HSM)
high availability, 47, 232-246
(see also HA systems)
high-water-mark parameters (unconfig file), 400
hold file, delaying AMANDA backup runs, 167
holding disks
allocating for AMANDA, 157
assigning to single AMANDA configuration, 177
configuring, 160
degraded mode and tape server crashes, 172
status, monitoring during backup, 172
tape server, AMANDA utility, 147
hostdump.sh utility, 86-91, 253, 366
command arguments, 88
Compaq True-64 Unix, backing up, 285, 287
options, 89
quick and dirty backups with, 141
script, obtaining from web site or CD-ROM (with book), 86
Solaris OS backup, 254
Sun OS/Solaris system, backing up, 257-259
hostname (Sysback utility backup files), 333
hosts

backup registry, creating, 595
backups, consolidating, 220
complete list, maintaining, 36
hardware and operating system information (SysInfo), 144
hostdump.sh utility, backing up with, 141
Informix instances ann, 377
Informix instances (multiple) on single, 380
Microsoft Windows systems, backing up, 146
network, monitoring for new (queso), 144
read permissions, file backups, 335
tape server (AMANDA), configuring, 155
trusted, access permission and, 81
Page 685
hot backups, 363
Oracle databases, 464, 466
oraback.sh utility, 473
procedures for, 465
Sybase databases, 544
automating, 549-553
restoring from, 556
hot site, 26
Hot Standby Routing Protocol (see HSRP), 237
hot-standby systems, high availability and, 47
HP-UX operating system
core components, 292
fbackup utility, 73
recovering, 290-305
HP-UX Support Media
copyutil utility, 295-299
HSM, 206

time-to-data, importance of, 619
HSRP, 237
HTM documentation formats, 15
I
IBM
AIX operating system (see AIX operating system)
backup drives, 621
bare-metal recovery tools, 323
Magstar drives, 633
mksysb utility
AIX operating system recovery, 324-330
Sysback utility, 330-336
(see also Sysback utility)
IBM conversion table (ASCII to EBCDIC), 124
Ignite-UX
filesets, required system installment, 291
make_recovery utility, 290-291
using, 293-295
(see also make_recovery utility)
IHVs, 643
image.data file (AIX system backup), 327
importing table (single), 526
Impossible header type error, 109
include lists
backups
dangers in using, 8, 35
cpio, and tar utilities, using relative paths, 104
tar command, generating, 116
tar versions, supporting, 117
incremental backups, 38

AMANDA, 149, 157
complete filesystem restores and, 95
cpio utility, 71, 104-105
mksysb utility, not supporting, 324
SQL Backup, able to perform, 370
transaction log dumps vs., 366
VLDB or VLS backups, 196
VOBs, 604
incremental dumps, 76
Independent Hardware Vendors (see IHVs)
indexes
amrecover, enabling for, 178
backup
comparing to volume tables of contents, 229
protecting, 225-227
blocks in extents, 241-242
catalogs, removing old, 167
as database objects, 349
databases, 351
Informix, 378
Oracle, 457
Sybase, 533, 541
dump backup volumes, 83, 96
SCSI devices (copyutil), 296
individual interface definitions (AMANDA), 175
inetd configuration file, 166
AMANDA client entries, 155
debugging AMANDA client backup setup, 166
infback.conf file, 414
installation and configuration (rclogs.sh), 422

infback.sh utility, 142
archives, automating with ontape, 412-419
functions of, 414
named pipes, using, 436
onconfig file, copying, 431
Informix databases
Online Backup and Recovery
(see also onbar utility), 365
architecture, 377-387
Page 686
Informix database (continued)
backup and recovery, 376-454
backups and restores, unique aspects, 375
Extended Parallel Option (see XPO)
extents, physically contiguous, 355
instances
backups, 409
storing on server, 366
logical log, 373
Online Backup and Recovery (onbar), 204
recovering, 428-454
rootdbs, loss of, 372
tblspace, 379
transaction logs and, 364
versions, ontape and, 403
Informix Storage Manager (see ISM; Legato Networker)
inftab file, 366
editing to use infback.sh utility, 417
infback.sh utility and, 414
Informix instances, listing, 388

installation and configuration (rclogs.sh), 422
startup, backup, and monitoring scrips, basing upon, 390
Initial System Load (ISL), 305
not intervening in, 295
inodes, dump utility handling, 656
input block size, differing from output, 124
input mode, informing cpio about, 110
installation
AMANDA utility, 151-155
backup systems, 222
dbstart.informix.sh script, 390
HA products, configuring, 244
infback.sh utility, 417
IRIX
bootable tape, 312
bootable tape, specifying location, 313
IRIX, bypassing in system recovery, 315
oraback.sh, 469
rclogs.sh and its configuration files, 422
syback.sh utility, 550
Sysback utility, 330
systems (new), backups as integral part, 62
installboot, AIX system and, 323
Installed Products Database (see IPD)
instances
backing up whole or part (onbar), 427
backups, being sure to include, 365
databases and, 347
example of, 348
Informix databases

backups, 409
ensuring restart, 448
servers vs., 377
listing all on server, 366
multiple databases within each, 372
objects within, tracking, 357
Oracle databases, 456
customizing backups, 475
system tablespace, 459
servers and, 347
taking offline (restores), 448
Intel rescue floppies, Web site listing, 272
interactive restores, 94, 96
cpio, unable to perform, 70
interface(s) file, 366, 536
data server entries, 537
lost or damaged, 564
Sybase database restore, 561
interfaces, types of (backup utilities), 221
interleaving data, 194
restores, problems with, 195
internal fragmentation (disks), 241
Internet, information on backup utilities, 230
Internet Operating System Counter, use of queso utility, 144
inventory, backup volumes, 12, 32-34
checks and spot checks, 54
storage vendor, cross-checking locations, 55
I/O operations, 133
IP addresses
boot PROM, setting to local system, 319

scanning range of (nmap), 145
takeover and primary servers having same, 235
IPD, make_recovery utility and, 292
Page 687
IRIX operating system
backup and restore utilities, 307-310
recovering, 306-322
volume header (system disk), listing, 316
ISL (Intial System Load), 305
not intervening in, 295
ISM, 401
J
journaling filesystems, 46,241
AdvFS, providing, 282
high availability and, 232
(see also nonjournaled filesystems)
jukeboxes, 642
vendors of, 645
(see also autoloaders; libraries)
justifying financial needs (backups), 64
K
Kerberos
authentication system, 190
using with AMANDA, 148
Kernel type, boot image on Sysback tape, 334
L
labeling tapes, 160-163, 255
amlabel (AMANDA), 163
creating labels, 266
test run tapes, relabeling, 166

LAN
backing up data across, 211
HA, handling across, 235-236
SAN vs., 213
large files or UID/GIDs, make-recovery utility and, 293
Laser Magnetic Storage (see LMS; Plasmon LMS NCTP drive)
Legato NetWorker, 401
using with rman and onbar, 369
(see also ISM)
length and filemark values (tapetype), 161
LEOT, 78
levels
partitioning
SIDF, 219
RAID, defining, 238-241
levels (backups), 38
dumptype parameters, controlling, 174
hostdump.sh command, specifying, 88
listing date of last, 77
reading order, complete filesystem restore, 95
scheduling, 39-42
specifying (0-9 option), 75
specifying with infback.sh, 414
timestamp file in top-level directory, 105
libraries
automated backup hardware, 642
centralized, backing up across LAN, 211
large, vendors of, 645
vendors of, 643-645
(see also autoloaders; jukeboxes)

license server, access control (ClearCase), 593
license setup files (databases), restoring, 371
LIF volume
boot, assembling (make_recovery), 293
lilo command, restoring MBR, 274
linear scan, streaming and, 629
linear tape drives, 627
linear tape open (see LTO drive)
link (symbolic), using, 113
Linux system
backups
metadata, 275
method, deciding, 272
native utilities, 271
bare-metal recovery, 275-281
restoring, 270-281
little-endian platforms, 131
LMS, 634
load-balancing (servers), 243
local area network (see LAN)
local backups, network-based backups vs., 211
local device, specifying as tape drive, 101
local restores (IRIX), 312
localpath.sh file, 414
log files
created during AMANDA run, 171
find and info suboptions (amadmin), using, 181
hostdump.sh command, 88
renaming for backup run, 167
Page 688

log groups, 462
damaged (database recovery), 504
damaged, restoring, 515-517
logging (Informix databases), 385-387
logging modes (logical log), 382
logging write operations (journaling filesystems), 241
logical backups
dump devices, 537
Informix commands, 451
onload, restoring, 453
onunload, performing with, 376
Oracle databases, 526-529
physical backups vs., 365
RDBMS, 363
Sybase databases, 583-587
logical consistency, 381
logical elements (databases), 346-353
logical log, 373
logical logs, 359, 385
backing up, 410
backing up current, 439
backing up with onbar utility, 428
backup methods (Informix), 383
backups to disk, repairing, 439
cold restores, 435
concatenating, 441
continuous backups, problems with, 406
disk backups and, 407
dropping and adding, 398
Informix databases, 382

leaving room for, 399
moving into separate dbspace, 394
no backups, selecting, 412
protecting, 392-403
putting all on one tape, 437
salvaging (not backed up), onbar, 442
logical name, defining backup areas, 164
logical restores, 442
onbar utility, 443
logical volumes
creating, HP-UX system, 302
dump and restore, using with, 299-301
IRIX system, 316
managers, 9
map file, creating for each, 326
maximum number in VG, 300
mounting as filesystems, 303
Sysback utility, backing up specific, 332
logical-end-of-tape (see LEOT)
logically contiguous database pages, 355
logs
rollback logs, 460
transactions (see transaction logs)
logsegment segment (Sybase databases), 534
long transactions, problems with full logical logs, 399
losses (data)
cost, determining, 22-24
defining acceptable, 5-7
unacceptability of, 19
LRU queues, 380, 385

LTO drive, 634
LV (see logical volumes)
LVM, backing up configuration information, 33
LVs (see logical volumes)
M
magnetic tape command
(see mt command)
magneto-optical media
disks, as backup medium, 19
recording formats, 641
recording method, 636
Magnicomb SysInfo utility, 144
Magstar 3590 drive, 634
Magstar MP (3570) drive, 633
make_recovery utility, 9, 251
bootable system recovery tape, creating, 291-295
configuring to include extra backup data, 294
options, 293
-p, 293
output, 294
recovery tools (HP-UX system), 290
requirements for use, 291
warnings about, 292
(see also entries under Ignite-UX)
Mammoth drive, 632
AIT vs., 633
management features for storage, 205-207
manual backups (logical logs), 410
Page 689
manual tape changer, configuring (AMANDA), 161

manufacturers (backup hardware), 643
many-to-one backups
one-to-many method, combining with, 198-202
map file, creating for each logical volume, 326
mapping networks (nmap utility), 145
Master Boot Record (see MBR)
master data device, problems accessing, 565
master database, 357
files, corrupted, 565
initialization, 564
loss of, 372
online transaction log, storing in, 373
restored, checking, 572
restoring generic (Sybase), 566
Sybase
restoring from dump, 569
sysmaster (Informix), 380
Master Root Record (DOS), 191
MBR, 274
restoring, 280
Mean-Time-Between-Failure (see MTBF)
media
backup volumes
migrating to less expensive, 206
storing properly, 52
backups
cartridge care, 624
Linux OS, 271
replacement schedule, 623
handling multiple of different types (AMANDA), 150

inventorying, 32-34
proper storage of, 11
protecting from disasters, 14
recovery in database restores, 506
types (different), problems reading backups, 130
types, listing (AMANDA), 160
Media Recognition System (MRS), 130
menu options, Sysback utility, 331
metadata (Linux OS), backing up, 9, 271, 275
Metrum tape drives, 634
Microsoft
network filesystem (SMB protocol), 203
Registry, leaving out of commercial backup products, 189
Microsoft Windows (95/98/NT/2000)-based hosts, backing up, 146
minimum block size, 100, 107, 116, 123
miniroot
booting system to, 254
IRIX, bare-metal recovery with, 315
IRIX, copying to system disk, 306
IRIX system, booting from, 318
mirroring, 462
control files, 486
importance of, 529
database devices, 362
disk drive failure, protecting against, 45
disks, make_recovery and, 293
essential dbspaces, 398
HA vs., 235
logical volumes, setting up (HP-UX), 303
LV managers, 9

master databases, 372
multiple-site of database servers, 27
partitions (disk array), 213
RAID levels and, 239
redologs, importance of, 493, 529
remote, for disaster recovery, 237
Solaris OS root disk, 249
VOB backups, 603
restores, using in, 606
mksysb utility, 250, 323-330
bare-metal restores, performing, 224
image, checking and restoring data from, 329
limitations of, 324
using, 325
mkszfile utility
client, running on, 329
generating image.data file, 326
M-O recording formats (see magneto-optical media)
model database, checking and recreating, 580
modes (cpio), 105
modification time
(see mtime)
modules (HA software), 246
money for backups, getting, 63-65
Page 690
monitoring backups, 58
monitoring HA systems, 243-244
importance of, 246
mount points, creating for filesystem restores (HP-UX), 304
mounted filesystems (idle), dumping, 662

mounting (IRIX) system disk partitions, 319
mounting new filesystem, 266
mounting Oracle database (restores), 485
mounting startup, database recovery, 498
movement-tracking, backup volumes, 53
MRS (Media Recognition System), 130
mt command, 84
rewinding OS backup tape, 255
using (examples), 85
MTBF, 617
mtime, 50
cpio restores, restoring original, 110
tar restores, changing in, 119
multiple conversion method, using (dd), 125
MultiSite backups, 605
restores, using in, 607
MultiSite replica, 594
multi-threaded backups, 193
onbar utility, 401, 425
multiuser state, IRIX system restarts and, 321
Multi-Version File System (see MVFS)
multiversion filesystem type (see MVFS)
multivolume archives, inability to handle (infback.sh), 413
MVFS, 592, 594
VOBs, mounting as, 598
N
named pipes
cat contents to tapeserver tape drive, 329
compressing database backup while writing, 368
infback.sh, using, 436

leaving out of backup products, 190
named pipes (tar backups), creating for, 116
names
clients, changing in backup index, 226
remote devices, supporting (GNU tar), 120
systems, confusion over, 81
native backup utilities
backup and recovery, 69-140
commercial utilities, wrapping around, 365
custom formats, inability to read, 216
incompatible versions, 136
Linux OS, backing up, 271
problems with, 217
tar, cpio, and dump, comparison of, 127-129
testing, 651-663
native transfer speeds (backup drives), 618
NCP backup problems, 203
nearline storage, 624
Netware Core Protocol
(see NCP)
Netware network filesystem
NCP, using, 203
Network File System
(see NFS filesystems)
Network Install Manager (NIM), 327
Network Mapper, 145
network protocols, providing own (AMANDA), 148
network services (AMANDA), setting up, 155
network-mounted filesystems
backups, special requirements, 202

excluding from backups, problems with, 203
(see also NFS; CIFS; NCP)
networks
backup data path, 208
file access services (HA systems), 233
installation support for Sysback backup, 334
monitoring for new hosts (queso utility), 144
traffic reduction, 208-216
SAN effectiveness, 215
usage, limiting (AMANDA), 158
NFS filesystems, 22
backups, using in, 203
mksysb files/images, storing on, 328
scripts for installation, 34
NIM (Network Install Manager), 327
NIS, scripts for installation, 34
nmap utility, 145
Page 691
noncritical chunks, inacessible or corrupted, 445
nondata disk, loss of, 371
nonjournaled filesystems, including in Sysback backup, 335
nonrewinding tape device, 293
AMANDA requirement for, 156
positioning tape with, 85
nonsystem datafiles, damaged (taking offline), 510
notification
backup scripts, importance of, 102
backup utilities, differences in method, 221
dump utility, backup problems, 78
SNMP, sophistication of

Novell NDS, leaving out of backup products, 189
O
objects
database in data disk, 371
database tables and, 353
Oracle databases, 457
Sybase databases, 533
OCC, 54
OCS, 347
offline redologs, 461
offline storage, 624
off-site storage
backup volumes, 6
disaster preparation, appropriate for area, 15
methods, 54-56
natural disasters, preparedness for, 46
vendors of, 14
onarchive utility, 369, 401
deprecation of, 376, 403
problems with use, 402
onbar utility, 365, 370
configuration, 426
dbspace restores, 446
features, ontape utility vs., 424
Informix Online Backup and Recovery, 204
onarchive, replacing, 401
physical backup, 424-428
physical backups with storage manager, 376
point-in-time restore, 450
restoring with, 442

storage managers, 369
using with, 409
storage managers, interfacing with, 403
onconfig file, 357
determining if missing, 431
high-water-mark parameters, 400
restores, wrong values in, 447
restoring or recreating, 431
ones complement platforms, 131
one-to-many backups, 200
many to one method, combining with, 198-202
oninit command, 377, 445
Informix instance, starting with, 429
online documentation, proper storage of, 12
online log groups
active, damaged, 522
damaged, adding or dropping inactive, 524
inactive, damaged, 523
missing or corrupted member, 503
online logs
damaged, 520
errors in (restores), 444
online partial restores, 373
online redologs, 373, 461
applying (database recovery), 500
backing up, 466
online storage spaces, restoring, 425
online transaction logs, losing data from, 373
onload utility, 451
onmonitor utility

logical logs, changing number, 395
ontape utility, configuring, 404
on-site storage, 53
on-site vault systems (media protection), 14
onstat command, 449
ontape utility
features, onbar utility vs., 424
ontape utility, 369
automating archives, 412-419
cold restores, 435
configuration, 404
Page 692
ontape utility (continued)
continuous backup automation, difficulties, 419-421
dbspace restores, 446
Informix database backups, 364
physical backups without storage manager, 376
physical backups without storage managers, 403
point-in-time restore, 450
restore, starting, 437-439
restores, 429
single thread, problem with, 400
tape or disk backups, 406
onunload utility, 451
exported data, writing to file or drive, 452
limitations of, 452
logical backups, 376
operating systems
AIX system
backup and recovery, 323-337

AMANDA utility, distributed with, 151
backup of root partition, 191
backup tools, including, 26
backups
copyutil utility, limitations of, 296
Linux, 275
restoring (Solaris), 254
Sun OS/Solaris, 253
Sysback utility, 331
block size, hardcoding, 135
cloning to different system, 337
Compaq True-64 Unix, restoring, 282-289
customized files for databases, restoring, 371
data recovery without installing, 10
DBAs, needing knowledge of, 354
full support of (commercial backup utilities), 189
hosts, information on (SysInfo), 144
HP-UX, core components, 292
IRIX recovery, 306-322
Linux
backup method, deciding, 272
restoring, 270, 280-281
new versions, affect on backups, 62
partitioning disk, vs. table partitions, 533
partitioning of disks, standardizing, 256
remote, detecting (nmap), 145
remote, information on (queso), 144
restores
HP-UX system, 290-305
Solaris, 253-256

restoring systems without, 224
root disk, replacing without, 252
SGI, older, 312-315
storing on one disk, importance of, 10