ngữ pháp cơ bản - động từ bất quy tắc

Ngữ pháp cơ bản –Động từ bất quy tắc
(Irregular Verbs)



Sau đây là bảng các động từ bất quy tắc:

abide

abode/abided

abode / abided

l
ư
u trú, l
ư
u l
ạ
i

arise

arose

arisen

phát sinh

awake

awoke

awoken

đánh th
ứ
c, th
ứ
c

be

was/were

been

thì, là, b
ị
.
ở

bear

bore

borne

mang, ch
ị
u d
ự
ng

become

became

become

tr
ở

nên

befall

befell

befallen

x
ả
y đ
ế
n

begin

began

begun

b
ắ
t đ
ầ
u

behold

beheld

beheld

ng
ắ
m nhìn

bend

bent

bent

b
ẻ

cong

beset

beset

beset

bao quanh

bespeak

bespoke

bespoken

ch
ứ
ng t
ỏ

bid

bid

bid

tr
ả

giá

bind

bound

bound

bu
ộ
c, trói

bleed

bled

bled

ch
ả
y máu

blow

blew

blown

th
ổ

i

break

broke

broken

đ
ậ
p v
ỡ

breed

bred

bred

nuôi, d
ạ
y d
ỗ

bring

brought

brought

mang đ
ế
n

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

phát thanh

build

built

built

xây d
ự
ng

burn

burnt/burned

burnt/burned

đ
ố

t, cháy

buy

bought

bought

mua

cast

cast

cast

ném, tung

catch

caught

caught

b
ắ
t, ch
ụ
p

chide chid/ chided
chid/ chidden/
chided
mắng chửi
choose

chose

chosen

ch
ọ
n, l
ự
a

cleave
clove/ cleft/
cleaved
cloven/ cleft/
cleaved
chẻ, tách hai
cleave

clave

cleaved

dính ch
ặ

t

come

came

come

đ
ế
n, đi đ
ế
n

cost

cost

cost

có giá là

crow

crew/crewed

crowed

gáy (gà)

cut

cut

cut

c
ắ
t, ch
ặ
t

deal

dealt

dealt

giao thi
ệ
p

dig

dug

dug

dào

dive

dove/ dived

dived

l
ặ
n; lao xu
ố
ng

drew

drew

drawn

v
ẽ
; kéo

dream

dreamt/ dreamed

dreamt/ dreamed

m
ơ

th
ấ
y

drink

drank

drunk

u
ố
ng

drive

drove

driven

lái xe

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

trú ng

ụ
,
ở

eat

ate

eaten

ăn

fall

fell

fallen

ngã; r
ơ
i

feed

fed

fed

cho ăn; ăn; nuôi;

feel

felt

felt

c
ả
m th
ấ
y

fight

fought

fought

chi
ế
n đ
ấ
u

find

found

found

tìm th
ấ
y; th
ấ
y

flee

fled

fled

ch
ạ
y tr
ố
n

fling

flung

flung

tung; quang

fly

flew

flown

bay

forbear

forbore

forborne

nh
ị
n

forbid

forbade/ forbad

forbidden

c
ấ
m đoán; c
ấ
m

forecast

forecast/ forecasted

forecast/
forecasted

tiên đoán

foresee

foresaw

forseen

th
ấ
y tr
ư
ớ
c

foretell

foretold

foretold

đoán tr
ư
ớ
c

forget

forgot

forgotten

quên

forgive

forgave

forgiven

tha th
ứ

forsake

forsook

forsaken

ru
ồ
ng b
ỏ

freeze

froze

frozen

(làm) đông l
ạ
i

get

got

got/ gotten

có đ
ư
ợ
c

gild

gilt/ gilded

gilt/ gilded

m
ạ

vàng

gird

girt/ girded

girt/ girded

đeo vào

give

gave

given

cho

go

went

gone

đi

grind

ground

ground

nghi

ề
n; xay

grow

grew

grown

m
ọ
c; tr
ồ
ng

hang

hung

hung

móc lên; treo lên

hear

heard

heard

nghe

heave

hove/
heaved

hove/ heaved

tr
ụ
c lên

hide

hid

hidden

gi
ấ
u; tr
ố
n; n
ấ
p

hit

hit

hit

đ
ụ
ng

hurt

hurt

hurt

làm đau

inlay

inlaid

inlaid

c
ẩ
n; kh
ả
m

input

input

input

đ
ư
a vào (máy đi
ệ
n toán)

inset

inset

inset

dát; ghép

keep

kept

kept

gi
ữ

kneel

knelt/ kneeled

knelt/

kneeled

qu
ỳ

knit

knit/ knitted

knit/ knitted

đan

know

knew

known

bi
ế
t; quen bi
ế
t

lay

laid

laid

đ
ặ
t; đ
ể

lead

led

led

d
ẫ
n d
ắ
t; lãnh
đ
ạ
o

leap

leapt

leapt

nh
ả
y; nh

ả
y qua

learn

learnt/ learned

learnt/ learned

h
ọ
c; đ
ư
ợ
c bi
ế
t

leave

left

left

ra đi; đ
ể

l
ạ
i

lend

lent

lent

cho m
ư
ợ
n (vay)

let

let

let

cho phép; đ
ể

cho

lie

lay

lain

n

ằ
m

light

lit/ lighted

lit/ lighted

th
ắ
p sáng

lose

lost

lost

làm m
ấ
t; m
ấ
t

make

made

made

ch
ế

t
ạ
o; s
ả
n xu
ấ
t

mean

meant

meant

có ngh
ĩa l
à

meet

met

met

g
ặ

p m
ặ
t

mislay

mislaid

mislaid

đ
ể

l
ạ
c m
ấ
t

misread

misread

misread

đ
ọ
c sai

misspell

misspelt

misspelt

vi
ế
t sai chính t
ả

mistake

mistook

mistaken

ph
ạ
m l
ỗ
i, l
ầ
m l
ẫ
n

misunderstand

misunderstood

misunderstood

hi
ể
u l
ầ
m

mow

mowed

mown/ mowed

c
ắ
t c
ỏ

outbid

outbid

outbid

tr
ả

h
ơ

n
giá

outdo

outdid

outdone

làm gi
ỏ
i h
ơ
n

outgrow

outgrew

outgrown

l
ớ
n nhanh h
ơ
n

output

output

output

cho ra (d
ữ

ki
ệ
n)

outrun outran outrun
chạy nhanh hơn; vượt
quá
outsell

outsold

outsold

bán nhanh h
ơ
n

overcome

overcame

overcome

kh

ắ
c ph
ụ
c

overeat

overate

overeaten

ăn quá nhi
ề
u

overfly

overflew

overflown

bay qua

overhang

overhung

overhung

nhô lên trên, treo l

ơ

l
ử
ng

overhear

overheard

overheard

nghe tr
ộ
m

overlay

overlaid

overlaid

ph
ủ

lên

overpay

overpaid

overpaid

tr
ả

quá ti
ề
n

overrun

overran

overrun

tràn ng
ậ
p

oversee

oversaw

overseen

trông nom

overshoot

overshot

overshot

đi quá đích

oversleep

overslept

overslept

ng
ủ

quên

overtake

overtook

overtaken

đu
ổ
i b
ắ
t k
ị
p

overthrow

overthrew

overthrown

l
ậ
t đ
ổ

pay

paid

paid

tr
ả

(ti
ề
n)

prove

proved

proven/proved

ch
ứ
ng minh(t
ỏ
)

put

put

put

đ
ặ
t; đ
ể

read

read

read

đ
ọ
c

rebuild

rebuilt

rebuilt

xây d
ự
ng l
ạ
i

redo

redid

redone

làm l
ạ
i

remake

remade

remade

làm l
ạ
i; ch
ế

t
ạ
o l
ạ
i

rend

rent

rent

to
ạ
c ra; xé

repay

repaid

repaid

hoàn ti
ề
n l
ạ
i

resell

retold

retold

bán l
ạ
i

retake

retook

retaken

chi
ế
m l
ạ
i; tái chi
ế
m

rewrite

rewrote

rewritten

vi

ế
t l
ạ
i

rid

rid

rid

gi
ả
i thoát

ride

rode

ridden

c
ư
ỡ
i

ring

rang

rung

rung chuông

rise

rose

risen

đ
ứ
ng d
ậ
y; m
ọ
c

run

ran

run

ch
ạ
y

saw

sawed

sawn

c
ư
a

say

said

said

nói

see

saw

seen

nhìn th
ấ
y

seek

sought

sought

tìm ki
ế
m

sell

sold

sold

bán

send

sent

sent

g
ử
i

sew

sewed

sewn/sewed

may

shake

shook

shaken

lay; l
ắ
c

shear

sheared

shorn

xén lông c
ừ
u

shed

shed

shed

r
ơ

i; r
ụ
ng

shine

shone

shone

chi
ế
u sáng

shoot

shot

shot

b
ắ
n

show

showed

shown/ showed

cho xem

shrink

shrank

shrunk

co rút

shut

shut

shut

đóng l
ạ
i

sing

sang

sung

ca hát

sink

sank

sunk

chìm; l
ặ
n

sit

sat

sat

ng
ồ
i

slay

slew

slain

sát h
ạ
i; gi
ế
t h
ạ

i

sleep

slept

slept

ng
ủ

slide

slid

slid

tr
ư
ợ
t; l
ư
ớ
t

sling

slung

slung

ném m
ạ
nh

slink

slunk

slunk

l
ẻ
n đi

smell

smelt

smelt

ng
ử
i

smite

smote

smitten

đ
ậ
p m
ạ
nh

sow

sowed

sown/ sewed

gieo; r
ả
i

speak

spoke

spoken

nói

speed

sped/ speeded

sped/ speeded

ch
ạ
y v
ụ
t

spell

spelt/ spelled

spelt/ spelled

đánh v
ầ
n

spend

spent

spent

tiêu sài

spill

spilt/ spilled

spilt/ spilled

tràn đ
ổ

ra

spin

spun/ span

spun

quay s
ợ
i

spit

spat

spat

kh
ạ
c nh
ổ

spoil

spoilt/ spoiled

spoilt/ spoiled

làm h
ỏ
ng

spread

spread

spread

lan truy
ề
n

spring

sprang

sprung

nh
ả
y

stand

stood

stood

đ
ứ
ng

stave

stove/ staved

stove/ staved

đâm th
ủ
ng

steal

stole

stolen

đánh c
ắ
p

stick

stuck

stuck

ghim vào; đính

sting

stung

stung

châm ; chích; đ
ố
t

stink

stunk/ stank

stunk

b
ố
c muìi hôi

strew

strewed

strewn/ strewed

r
ắ
c , r
ả
i

stride

strode

stridden

b
ư
ớ
c s
ả
i

strike

struck

struck

đánh đ
ậ
p

string

strung

strung

g
ắ
n dây vào

strive

strove

striven

c
ố

s
ứ
c

swear

swore

sworn

tuyên th

ệ

sweep

swept

swept

quét

swell

swelled

swollen/ swelled

ph
ồ
ng ; s
ư
ng

swim

swam

swum

b
ơ

i; l
ộ
i

swing

swung

swung

đong đ
ư
a

take

took

taken

c
ầ
m ; l
ấ
y

teach

taught

taught

d
ạ
y ; gi
ả
ng d
ạ
y

tear

tore

torn

xé; rách

tell

told

told

k
ể

; b
ả
o

think

thought

thought

suy ngh
ĩ

throw

threw

thrown

ném ; li
ệ
ng

thrust

thrust

thrust

th
ọ
c ;nh
ấ

n

tread

trod

trodden/ trod

gi
ẫ
m ; đ
ạ
p

unbend

unbent

unbent

làm th
ẳ
ng l
ạ
i

undercut

undercut

undercut

ra giá r
ẻ

h
ơ
n

undergo

underwent

undergone

kinh qua

underlie

underlay

underlain

n
ằ
m d
ư
ớ
i

underpay

undercut

undercut

tr
ả

l
ươ
ng th
ấ
p

undersell

undersold

undersold

bán r
ẻ

h
ơ
n

understand

understood

understood

hi
ể
u

undertake

undertook

undertaken

đ
ả
m nh
ậ
n

underwrite

underwrote

underwritten

b
ả
o hi
ể

m

undo

undid

undone

tháo ra

unfreeze

unfroze

unfrozen

làm tan đông

unwind

unwound

unwound

tháo ra

uphold

upheld

upheld

ủ
ng h
ộ

upset

upset

upset

đánh đ
ổ
; l
ậ
t đ
ổ

wake

woke/ waked

woken/ waked

th
ứ
c gi
ấ
c

waylay

waylaid

waylaid

mai ph
ụ
c

wear

wore

worn

m
ặ
c

weave

wove/ weaved

woven/ weaved

d
ệ
t

wed

wed/ wedded

wed/ wedded

k
ế
t hôn

weep

wept

wept

khóc

wet

wet / wetted

wet / wetted

làm
ư
ớ
t

win

won

won

th
ắ
ng ; chi
ế
n th
ắ
ng

wind

wound

wound

qu
ấ
n

withdraw

withdrew

withdrawn

rút lui

withhold

withheld

withheld

t
ừ

kh
ư
ớ
c

withstand

withstood

withstood

c
ầ
m c
ự

work

wrought / worked

wrought / worked

rèn (s
ắ
t)

wring

wrung

wrung

v
ặ
n ; si
ế
t ch
ặ
t

write

wrote

written

vi
ế
t