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CONCESSION EXERCISES
PART A
A. Rewrite as indicated below. The first is already done as an example
1. Pam was not felling well, however she went to school.
Although Pam was not feeling well, she went to school.
In spite of not feeling well, Pam went to school.
2. Tom was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted in disturbing the class.
 a. Although
 b. In spite of
3. Mary tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
 a. Although,
 b. In spite of
4. Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company.
 Despite
5. They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.
 In spite of
6. He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.
 a. Although
 b. Despite
7. Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy.
 In spite of
8. Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.
 In spite of
9. I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.
 a. Although
 b. In spite of
10. I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.
 a) Although
 b) In spite of
11. They didn’t play well, but they won the game.
 a) Although

 b) Despite
12. They felt very cold but they didn’t turn on the heater.
 Despite
13. Bill had a terrible headache. However he kept working.
 a) Although
 b) In spite of
14. He has all the necessary books but he doesn’t use them to study.
 Despite
15. She works very hard but she doesn’t deserve a raise.
 a) Although
 b) In spite of
16. She is not prepared for the test, but she has to do it.
 Despite
17. She was ill but she had to go to school.
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
 Although
18. It was a nice sunny but there was nobody at the beach.
 a) Although
 b) Is spite of
19. He arrived later but he finished work earlier than the others.
 Although
20. The new waitress seems honest and diligent. However the boss doesn’t like her.
 a) Although
 b) In spite of
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences
1. Although Henry is a millionaire, he hates spending money.


2. Mark went on working although he felt unwell.



3. They slept soundly although the night air was hot.


4. . Although she was successful, she felt dissatisfied.


5. Although the boat was full of water, it sailed on.


6. Although the children were poor, they seemed happy.


7. We couldn’t get tickets although we queued for an hour.


8. I enjoyed the film although the story was silly.


9. He didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock although he promised that he wouldn’t be late.


10. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work.
In spite of
11. I’ve still got the camera because no one has claimed it.
Because it
12. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
Because
13. We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of

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CONCESSION EXERCISES


14. We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although


15. Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite


16. Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though


17. In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although


18. Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite


19. In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although


20. Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite


21. In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although

22. My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite

23. In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although


24. My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of

25. He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite

26. Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite

27. Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite

28. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of

29. She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of

30. Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of

31. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of

32. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of
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CONCESSION EXERCISES

33. I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of

34. The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of

35. The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of

36. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of

37. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of


38. Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of

39. Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of

40. Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of

41. She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of

42. Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of

Exercise 2 : Complete these sentences, using because or because of + one of these phrases :
the strong wind growing unrest in the country
my computer isn’t working I can hear the waves
flooding on the road the mist
the streets were covered in ice my mother has arrived
her illness prices were falling
1. _____, I won’t be able to meet you on Thursday after all.
Because my mother has arrived, I won’t be able to meet you on Thursday after all.
2. She couldn’t complete the work _____.
 She couldn’t complete the work because of her illness.
3. The boat couldn’t put to sea _____.

4. _____, they couldn’t sell their house.

5. I can’t print out the letter _____.

6. When we got to the top of the hill we couldn’t see anything _____.

7. She walked carefully _____.


8. We must be near the beach, _____.

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CONCESSION EXERCISES
9. The Prime Minister returned home _____.

10. We couldn’t get to his house _____.

Exercise 4 : Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of.
1. ____________ the meeting’s at 2.00, I won’t be late to see you.
2. ____________ I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me.
3. The goods were never delivered ____________ the promise we had received.
4. My mother is always complaining ___________ the untidiness of my room.
5. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications.
6. It’s unsafe to travel in that country _____________ the ongoing civil war.
7. The villagers refused to leave ___________ the drought.
8. ____________ everything looked different, I had no idea where to go.
9. __________ his age, John was not hired ___________ he had the necessary qualifications.
10. You can’t enter this secure area _____________ you don’t have an official permit.
11. ___________ it was sunny, it was quite a cold day.
12. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted ___________ the extreme heat.
13. ____________ having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir.
14. ___________ I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early.
15. Sarah can’t climb up the tree ___________ her fear of heights.
Exercise 5: Rewrite sentence
1. He is rich but He isn’t happy. ( Although )

2. Cars cause pollution but people still want them. ( although )


3. Mr. Nam was successful in his life although he came from a poor family. ( despite )

4. Though he is intelligent, he can’t do all these tests well. ( in spite of )

5. In spite of his much experience in machinery , he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine .
( Although )

6. Don’t shout at her in spite of her laziness. ( Though )

7.It was raining heavily but I went swimming . ( in spite of )

8. Though Lan is beautiful and intelligent, she is never proud of herself. (As )

9. Lan is always admired by her friends because she is intelligent. ( Because of )

10. We don’t spend much time on our homework because a lot of devices for the home were invented.
( Because of )

11. We always trust Nam because he is wise and honest. ( Because of )

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CONCESSION EXERCISES
12. Because of Lan’s poverty, she can’t continue her study at the university. ( Because )

: Because; because of; although/ though/ even though; in spite of/ despite
1) We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of

2) We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although

3) Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite


4) Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though

5) In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although

6) Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite

7) In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although

8) Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite

9) In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although

10) My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite

11) In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although

12) My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of

13) He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite

14) Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite

15) Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite

16) Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of

17) She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of

18) Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of


19) I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of

20) I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of

21) I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of

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CONCESSION EXERCISES
22) The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of

23) The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of

24) I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of

25) All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of

26) Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of

27) Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of

28) Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of

29) She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of

30) Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of

PART B
CONCESSION CLAUSES
CONCESSION ALTHOUGH

Example: Although he loves only next door, I never see him.
Exercise 1
1. The car isn’t very nice, but it serves its purpose.
 Although
2. Betty isn’t very tall, but she can run very fast.
 Although
3. He doesn’t have much money, but he wants to buy car.
 Although
4. There wasn’t much food at the party. However, everybody had a good time.
 Although
5. He’s a hard worker. However he van newer save enough to buy a car
 Although
CONCESSION (EVEN) THOUGH = NEVERTHELESS
ALL THE SAME
Examples: They were boring, (even) though well-educated.
Though they were well-educated, they were boring.
Educated though they were, they were very boring.
They were well-educated. Nevertheless they were boring.
They were well-educated. All the same they were boring.
Exercise 2
1. He didn’t tell me why he’d been late, but I knew it all the same.
 He didn’t tell me why he’d been late, but I knew it
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
2. It’s rather cold, but I think I’ll go for a walk.
 Even though
3. She was unattractive but still had many friends.
 Even though
4. She was unattractive but still had many friends.
 Unattractive

5. Though they’d lived in London for years, they always spoke German.
 They’d lived in London for years
CONCESSION MAY… BUT = I ADMIT THAT…
I GRAND THAT …
I CONCEDE THAT…
Note: Grant and concede are rarely used in current English.
Examples: He may have been brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent.
I admit that he was brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent.
I grant that he was brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent.
I concede that he was brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English
accent.
Exercise 3
1. Although he was brought up in Poland, he has a perfect English accent.
 He may
2. Although she’s a girl, she plays football as well as any boy.
 She may
3. Although she’s very rich, she never gives a penny to the poor.
 She may
4. Although my sister’s very intelligent and pretty, she doesn’t have a boyfriend.
 I concede
5. Although he sometimes behaves like a fool, he’s really very intelligent.
 I grand
CONCESSION COMPOUNDS IN – EVER (HOWEWER,
WHATEVER)
Note: When we use however in clauses of concession, it must be followed by an adjective or an
adverb.
Examples: However hard he studies, he won’t pass the exam.
Whatever happens, I will always love you.
Exercise 4
1. Although I tried hard, I couldn’t find the book you lent me.

 However
2. Although he may have some strong points, intelligence is one of them.
 Whatever
3. Although he loves Joan very much, he isn’t going to marry her.
 However
4. Although she buys a lot of new dresses every month, she always dresses shabbily.
 However
5. Even if our new house is very nice, we’ll still miss our old flat.
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
 However
CONCESSION NO MATTER
IT DOESN’T MATTER
Examples: No matter how hard I try, I will never pass the exam
It doesn’t matter how hard I try, I will never pass the exam
Exercise 5
1. Although he makes a lot of money, he can’t save anything.
 No matter
2. No matter what she said, no one paid any attention.
 Whatever
3. However hard she tried, she couldn’t lift the suitcase.
 No
4. Although he loves Joan very much, he isn’t going to marry her.
 No
5. It doesn’t matter how much you earn, you shouldn’t waste money.
 Although
CONCESSION ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + AS
Note: This structure is used only with adjectives and adverbs in the front position.
Example: Much as I love Mary, I will not marry her.
Exercise 6

1. Although Betty is attractive, she can’t find herself a boyfriend.
 Attractive
2. Although it seems incredible, my grandma is getting married again.
 Incredible
3. Although I love travelling very much, I can’t afford to go to Japan.
 Much
4. However rich he may be, I wouldn’t like to be in his shoes.
 Rich
5. No matter how nice she may be, I don’t like her
 Nice
CONCESSION IN SPITE OF
DESPITE
Examples: In spite of all her money, she always wears old clothes.
Despite the fact that she has all that money, she always wear old clothes
Despite having all that money, she always wears old clothes.
Exercise 7
1. He doesn’t have much money, but he wants to buy a car.
 He wants to buy a car despite
2. We all enjoyed the walk even though it rained.
 In
3. We managed to talk seriously although there were a lot of people around.
 In
4. The bag was heavy but she managed to carry it herself.
 Despite
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
5. His mother refused to let him go to the party but he went anyway.
 He went to the party in spite
CONCESSION IN SPITE OF
DESPITE

Examples : For all my money, I feel very poor.
In spite of all my money, I feel very poor.
Exercise 8
1. Whatever you may promise, I don’t believe a word.
 For all
2. In spite of his hard work, he hasn’t been promoted for five years.
 For all
3. Whatever you may say about Mary, I will not change my opinion about her.
 For all
4. Say what you will about her husband, I do not like him.
 For all
5. For all the help of their friends, they were unable to cope with all the problems.
 In spite
CONCESSION EVEN IF
EVEN THOUGH
Note: Even if is sometimes followed by should or an emphatically stressed verb.
Examples: Even if it costs a lot, I want to buy it.
Even if it should cost a lot, I want to buy it.
Even if it does cost a lot, I want to buy it.
Even though it costs a lot, I want to buy it.
Exercise 9
1. I couldn’t love Betty less, even though she may have had another boyfriend.
 I couldn’t love Betty less, even
2. It might be cold, but we’ll still go for a walk.
 Even if
3. I’m not going to accept their offer, although they might give me a big salary.
 Even if
4. She is beautiful and intelligent, but I’m not going to marry her.
 Even though
5. She is beautiful and intelligent, but I’m not going to marry her.

 I’m not going to marry her
CONCESSION ALTHOUGH
EVEN THOUGH
IN SPITE OF
Examples: Although the weather was bad, we went for a walk
Even though the weather was bad, we went for a walk.
In spite of the bad weather, we went for a walk.
Exercise 10
1. In spite of being tired, we went to the museum.
 Even
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
2. In spite of the rain, the competition took place as planned.
 Even
He went bankrupt, even though he’d worked very hard
 He went bankrupt, in
4. I hate to have to tell you this, but you are wrong.
 I have to …
5. In spite of her loving family, she wasn’t happy.
 Although …
CONDITIONS AND SUPPOSITIONS
Note: Conditions are usually expressed by if but other structures are possible, eg.:
unless, without, so, although, in spite of, despite, on condition (that), so/as long as,
suppose, supposing (that), provided (that).
CONDITIONS IF
Examples: If I have enough money, I will buy a car.
If I had enough money, I would buy a car.
If I were you, I would buy a car.
If I had had enough money last year, I would have bough a car.
If I had had enough money last year, I would have a car today.

Exercise 11
1. They had planned to visit us, but Mary fell ill
 If
2. Mr Smith modernised his factory years ago, and now he’s rich.
 If
3. Open the door, or I won’t be able to come in.
 If
4. I feel terrible because I broke her new mirror last night.
 If
5. He didn’t study for the test so he failed.
 If
6. I must wear glasses because I didn’t take proper care of my eyes when I was young.
 I would
7. I was able to find my way only because I asked a passer-by for directions.
 I would
8. You have blisters on your feet because you walked too much yesterday.
 If
9. You don’t work here and that is why you can’t enter without a pass.
 If
10. Remind me of her birthday on time, or I will not send her birthday card.
 I won’t
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1
1. Although the car isn't very nice, it serves its purpose.
2. Although Betty isn't very tall, she can run very fast.
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
3. Although he doesn't have much money, he (still) wants to buy a car.
4. Although there wasn't much food at the party, everybody had a good time.
5. Although he is a, hard worker, he, can never save enough to buy a car.

EXERCISE 2
1. a) He didn't tell me why he'd been late, but I knew it though, b) He didn't tell me why he'd been
late, but I knew it nevertheless.
2. Even though it's rather cold, I think I'll go for a walk,
3. Even though she was unattractive, she still had many friends.
4. Unattractive though/as she was, she stilt had many friends.
5. a) They'd lived in London for years- Nevertheless they always spoke German,
b) They'd lived in London for years. All the same they always spoke German.
EXERCISE 3
1. He may have been brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent.
2. She may be a girl, but she plays football as well as any boy.
3. She may be very rich, but she never gives a penny to the poor.
4. I concede that my sister's very intelligent and pretty, but she doesn't have a boyfriend.
5. I grant that he sometimes behaves like a fool, but he's really very intelligent.
EXERCISE 4
1. However hard I tried. 1 couldn't find the book you lent me.
2. Whatever strong points she may have, intelligence isn't one of them,
3. However much he may love/loves Joan, he isn't going to marry her.
4. However many new dresses she buys every month, she always dresses shabbily. 5. However nice
our new house is, we'll still miss our old flat.
EXERCISE 5
1. No matter how much money he makes, he can't save anything.
2. Whatever she said, no one paid any attention.
3. No matter how hard she tried, she couldn't lift the suitcase.
4. No matter how much he loves Joan, he isn't going to marry her.
5. Although you may earn a lot, you shouldn't waste money.
EXERCISE 6
1. Attractive as/though Betty is, she can't find herself a boyfriend.
2. Incredible as/though it seems, my grand - mother is getting married again.
3. Much as I love travelling, I can't afford to go to Japan.

4. Rich as/though he may be, I wouldn't like to be in his shoes.
5. Nice as she may be, I don't like her.
EXERCISE 7
1. a) He wants to buy a car despite the fact (that) he doesn't have much money,
b) He wants to buy a car despite (his) having little money, c) He wants to buy a car despite not
having
much money.
2. In spite of the rain we alt enjoyed the walk.
3. a) In spite of all those people around, we managed to talk seriously, b) In spite of the number of
people around, we managed to talk seriously, [c) In spite of there being so many people around, we
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CONCESSION EXERCISES
managed to talk seriously.] [d) In spite of the fact that there were so many people around, we
managed
to talk seriously.]
4. a) Despite the (heavy) weight of the bag, she managed to carry it herself,
b) Despite the fact that the bag was very heavy, she managed to carry it herself.
5. He went to the party in spite of his mother's refusal to1et him go.
EXERCISE 8
1. a) For all your promises, I don't believe a word. b) For all you promise, I don't believe a word.
2. For all his hard work, he hasn't been promoted fur five years,
3. For all you may say about Mary, I will not change my opinion about her.
4. For all you may/might say about her husband, I do not like him.
5. In spite of all the help of their friends, [hey were unable to cope with all the problems.
EXERCISE 9
1. I couldn't love Betty less, even if she has had/had/had had another boyfriend.
2. a) Even if it's cold, we shall still go for a walk. b) Even if it should be cold, we shall still go for a
walk.
3. a) Even if they do give me a big salary, I'm not going to accept their offer,
b) Even if they should give me a big salary, I'm not going to accept their offer,

c) Even if they were to give me a big salary, I'm not going to accept their offer.
4. Even though she is beautiful and intelligent, I'm not going to marry her.
5. a) I'm not going to marry liar, even if she is beautiful and intelligent, b) I'm not going to marry
her,
even if she (should) be beautiful and intelligent, c) I'm not going to marry her, although she is
beautiful and intelligent, d) I'm not going to marry her, however beautiful and intelligent she
is/might
be. e) I'm not going to marry her despite/in spite of the fact that she is beautiful and intelligent. f) I'm
not going to marry her despite/in spite of her being beautiful and intelligent.
EXERCISE 10
1. Even though we were tired, we went to the museum.
2. Even though it rained/was raining, the competition took place as planned.
3. a) He went bankrupt, in spite of his hard work/working hard. b) He went bankrupt, in spite of the
fact that he'd worked hard.
4. a) I have to tell you that you are wrong, even though I hate to (do it/say so).
b) I have to tell you that you are wrong, much as 1 hate to (do it), c) I have to tell you that you are
wrong, although I hate to (do it), [d) I have to tell you that you are wrong, in spite of/despite [he fact
that I hate to (do it/say so).] [e) I have to tell you that you are wrong, in spite of/despite hating to <do
it/say so-).
5. Although she had a loving family, she wasn't happy.
EXERCISE 11
1. a) If Mary hadn't fallen ill, they would have visited us, b) If Mary had been well, they would have
visited us.
2. a) If Mr. Smith hadn't modernized his factory years ago, he wouldn't be rich now. b) If Mr. Smith
hadn't modernized his factory years ago, he would be poor now.
3. a) If you don't open the door, I won't be able to come in. b) If you open the door, I will be able to
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come in.
4. If I hadn't broken her new mirror last night, I wouldn't feel so terrible.

5. a) If he had studied for the test, he wouldn't have failed. b) If he had studied for
the test, he would have passed it.
6. I wouldn't have to wear glasses, if I had taken proper care of my eyes when was young.
7. I wouldn't have been able to find my way if I hadn't asked a passer-by for directions.
8. a) If you hadn’t walked so much yesterday, you wouldn't have blisters on your feet. b) If you had
walked less yesterday, you wouldn't have blisters on your feet.
9. If you worked here you could enter without a pass.
10. I won't send her a birthday card if you don't remind me of her birthday on time.
Adapted by Anna Pławecka from Tests In English Structural Conversion by Mariusz Misztal,WSiP
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