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đồ án tốt nghiệp reforming xúc tác

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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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M/ A
n-paran
sản phẩm
cracking
M or A
M/ A
Iso-paran
sản phẩm
cracking
M or A
Alkyl
cyclopentan
M/ A
A
sản phẩm
cracking
M or A
M/ A
Iso-paran
sản phẩm
cracking
M or A
Alkyl
cyclohexan
Aromac
Lighter Aromac
M or A

M
A
Alkyl naphthene
isomerizaon
Dehydro-
genaon
Dealkylaon and Demethylaon
Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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+ 3H2 (+50 KCal/mol) (1)
Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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4
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0
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CH3
R
Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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+$'(z!C„+$m7${:,u!&!:7$^!=+,!$F
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2

Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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!
10

0g
gx0 g•x
;^$(C\u!&$?7:\:v#!Xz,$(C\+:+@!$YVbVA\!&!$o!&7$c!
*!&[':!&\!&!$~+Z:\^_\V#!&`a+?+F$U7$c!*!&!(V+$7$p7@#H!XŠ#
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%mol Toluen
%mol Bennze
H2/RH=4
H2/RH=4
H2/RH=10
H2/RH=10
35 ktg/cm2
H2/RH=4
35 ktg/cm2
100
80
60
40
20
n-C7
0
n-C6
P=18 kg/cm218 kg/cm2
H2/RH=4
H2/RH=10

H2/RH=10
100
80
60
40

20
550
510
500
445
400
500 510
450
480
TOC TOC
Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
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1g
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A
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M A Đóng vòng
A
A
(-A-)
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M
M
(-H2)
+
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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4

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Đồ ÁnTốt Nghiệp 4
%%: !!
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