bồi dưỡng phương pháp học tập cho học viên ở đại học quân sự theo tư tưởng “lấy tự học làm cốt” của hồ chí minh bản tóm tắt tiếng anh

INTRODUCTION
1. Overview of the research
"Foster learning method for trainees at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought
“take self-studying as essence” is a thesis topic that the fellow has been interested in researching since his training
as teacher of Education at Academy of Politics.
Theoretical framework of the research issue is based on the clarification of values and soundness of
arguments about learning that President Ho Chi Minh pointed out. According to him, in the learning process,
in order to achieve high performance, the learners must improve his learning methods, particularly pay
attention to the role of self-studying, take self-studying as main activity in their cognitive process. This
argument was demonstrated by Ho Chi Minh through the practice of his patient and persistant self-studying
with high will and determination. Learning with its essence as self-studying will help the learners to be
active, positive, creative and achieve high effectiveness in their learning process. Trainees at military
university should have learning method in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as
essence” to apply to their learning and working process later.
The findings of the thesis are presented in 155 pages and 122 references has been used (112
Vietnamese documents, 10 English documents). Structure of the thesis includes: Introduction, overview of
the research issue, 4 chapters (8 periods), conclusion, recommendations, list of the author’s scientific works,
reference list and appendix.
2. Reasons for choosing the thesis topic
President Ho Chi Minh is a shining example of self-learning. Through self-learning and by self-
learning, he has equipped himself with the knowledge, methodology and methods of revolutionary activities.
In Ho Chi Minh’s opinion, to perceive, acquire extensive knowledge of mankind, learners have to learn how
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to recognize, perceive and acquire consistent with the cognition and ability of each person. Thus, in his
works "Amendment of working style" written in 1947, he pointed out: "Learning method: Must take self-
studying as essence. Discussion and direction support supplementarily" [Ho Chi Minh Complete Works, Vol
6, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2002 p.273].
To grasp and manipulate Ho Chi Minh ideology in innovation and improving the quality of teaching
and learning, our Party has always respected fostering active, positive and creative learning methods.
Documents of the Eleventh Party Congress pointed out, "Innovate program, content, methods of teaching
and learning" [Document of the Eleventh Party Congress’s Resolution, p.216]. Education Act of 2005,

amended and supplemented in 2009 identified : "Educational methods to promote the positiveness, self-
discipline, initiative, creative thinking of learners; foster learners with capacity of self-studying, practicing
ability, passion for learning and the will to strive" [Education Law, p.34]. Modern teaching theory indicated
that the nature of teaching process at university is the cognitive process with researching nature of learners
under the direction of teachers. Self-studying has an important role in the process of acquiring knowledge
and improving thinking ability, cognitive skills. Through self-study, learners accumulate learning methods in
their own way, forming their ways to self acquire knowledge. Thus, to meet the requirements of dominating
the large amount of information at present, learners not only study in the classroom or themselves look for
information on the means of modern technology, but they have to actively improve capacity for self-
studying, even when listening to lectures in the active learning method, considering their learning activities
as main activity in dominating knowledge, training skill, techniques. Learning at university is learning
method. So, in teaching at university, it’s neccessary to focus on fostering the learning method for learners.
Located in the university system of the country, along with the trend of educational reform, the
academies and schools of higher learning in the People's Army of Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as the
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military university) has been active in innovation, improving the quality of teaching and learning. The
school has implemented innovation in content, programs and methods of teaching, associated learning
with scientific research and training professional skills for students to well perform the training target in
the orientation of combining training in qualification with training in positions, to meet the requirement in
training officer staff for the army. However, the learning method of learners at military universities has not
been innovated compared with learning method at high school level. Most learners at military universities
do not have access to learning method military at university level, they gain knowledge mainly through
retention and acquiring so the performance is low. Students have not promoted the activeness through self-
study to grasp knowledge and learning content. The fostering of training methods has not been interested
in and generalized into system consistently, and still individualized in each academy, school and
individual student.
To overcome the above limitations, it’s neccessary to foster students in military university with proper
learning method. That learning method must promote the activeness, self-conscious, independence,
creativity, endogenous development; helping to cheer and encourage learners. The fostering of learning
method in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” for students at military

university can meet those requirements.
Starting from the above rationale, we selected issue "Foster learning method for trainees at military
university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” as research topic of the
thesis.
3. Research purpose of the thesis topic
Foster learning method for trainees at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought
“take self-studying as essence” to help trainees at military university have active, positive learning method of
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high performance ; contribute to the direction and enhance the quality of education and training of military
universities; build military officer staff to meet the requirements of building the Arrmy in the new period.
4. Research object, subject and scope
* Research object: Teaching process at military universities.
* Research subject: Activity of fostering learning method for trainees at military university in
accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”.
* Research scope
- Scope of content: The thesis limits its research scope as learning activities, in which it goes
deep in researching learning methods of undergraduate students at section level today; research the
nature and value of Ho Chi Minh's thought “take self-studying as essence” to foster learning methods
for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh's thought “take self-studying as
essence”.
- Scope of survey: The thesis focuses on surveys, seminars, and discussion with students at
military academies and schools for training officers at section level in universities, typically
academies and schools training every type of officers: Infantry officers no.1, Infantry officers no.2,
Political officers, Logistics Academy, Military medical Academy. Pedagogical experiment at 2
schools: Infantry officers no.1 and Political officers.
- Scope of the time: Survey and summary data in the thesis from 2007 to present.
5. Scientific and practical meanings of the topic
* New contributions of the thesis
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- Contribute to clarify the nature and practical value of President Ho Chi Minh’s viewpoint “take

self-studying as essence” in the process of fostering learning methods for students in military university
today.
- Clarify theoretical and practical issues in fostering learning methods for students at military
university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”.
- Propose measures to foster learning methods for students at military university in accordance with
Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”.
* Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis
- Theoretically:
The thesis argues the scientific basis for fostering the learning method “take self-studying as essence”
of students at military university, contributes to improve the quality of teaching process in the military.
Especially, build the process of fostering the learning method “take self-studying as essence” for students at
military university today; at the same time, contribute to more complete theories on self-study and learning
methods in teaching environment at military university.
- Practically:
The thesis may serve as references in researching, teaching and learning at military academies and
schools today, especially in fostering learning methods, self-learning & self-researching ability to promote
the activeness and creativity of learners in the learning process at schools.
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE
1. The research situation related to the topic
1.1. The thoughts and typical researches on learning method and fostering learning method by
foreign authors
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Typically for the thoughts on learning method and fostering learning method for students in both the
East and the West is: Confucius (551-479 BC); Xocorat (469-339 BC); Rabole (1490 - 1553); Monteno
(1576 - 1636);
The researches on learning method and fostering learning method for students typically are:
"Great teaching method" of Jan Amos Komensky ; "The mission of Youth Union" by VI Lenin ; the
works by LX Vugotxki; "Education in Practice" by Macarenco ; "Organization of the self-study of
university students" of A.A. Gorokopxki and M.I. Lubixona; "Education for the 21st Century: Prospects
of Asia - Pacific" by Raija Roysingh ; "Self-learning to teach" by Patrice Pelpel; "Mind Mapping at

work" by Tony Buzan; "Language skills - skills to improve learning efficiency" of Luu Kim Tinh.
The thoughts and researches of learning methods and fostering learning method by foreign authors are
considered as the very important rationale, needs to be studied, inherited and developed in the process of
building the dissertation.
1.2. The researches on methods of learning and fostering learning methods of local authors
Typical of the researches on methods of learning and fostering learning methods for university
students is: "On the issue of education - training" of the former Prime Minister Pham Van Dong; "Method of
learning – researching of students at colleges and universities" by Pham Trung Thanh ; "Traditional teaching
methods and innovations" of Thai Duy Tuyen; the works of Le Khanh Bang, Ha Thi Duc, Tran Ba Hoanh;
"Learning and teaching how to learn" by authors Nguyen Canh Toan, Nguyen Ky, Le Khanh Bang, Vu Van
Tao; "Logics and methods of learning & scientific research" by the authors of Doan Van Khai, Nguyen Anh
Tuan and Du Dinh Phuc.
In the military, the works on learning method and fostering learning method for students at military
university typically are: "The orientations for organizing self-study by students at military university" and
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"Self-study method" of Trinh Quang Tu; "The fundamental solutions for fostering self-learning method for
students training officers at Military University" by Mai Van Hoa; "The basic directions of the positive
perceptions of learners in the process of studying the social sciences" of Dang Duc Thang; "Improving the
quality and efficiency of lectures on social sciences and humanities at military university" by Tran Dinh
Tuan; "On the construction of active learning methods in the academies and military schools" by Nguyen
Chinh Trung; "Applying cooperative teaching in teaching social sciences and humanity at military
university" by Phan Van Ty.
In general, the authors of the military have focused on researching innovation of teaching
methods, organizing self-learning activities outside of the classroom, fostering self-study methods.
However, the authors of the military only focus more on researching the process of innovating
teaching methods and self-study process, equipped with self-learning method for students of military
universities in general, there is no works pertaining to study methods and fostering the methods of
learning in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for students in military
university.
1.3. Researches on Ho Chi Minh’s ideology of self-study

For self-study thought of Ho Chi Minh there are some authors inside and outside the military have
focus on researching and clarifying ideas & practice of Ho Chi Minh’s self-study.
Typical are the works: "Method and Ho Chi Minh style" of Dang Xuan Ky; "Learn the method of Ho Chi
Minh" by Hoang Chi Bao; "Grasp Ho Chi Minh’s thought in management, education and rehabilitation of
prisoners" by Pham Duc Chan; "The first step to understand the viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh on teaching" by Phan
Trong Luan; "The first step to understand the viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh on teaching and learning" by Bui Minh
Hien and Le Xuan Phan; "Ho Chi Minh with the issue of self- study" of Dang Quoc Bao; the researches on Ho
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Chi Minh’s thought in self-study by Nguyen Hoang Yen ; Ho Chi Minh – a shining pedagogical mirror"of Pham
Khac Chuong; "Ho Chi Minh’s thought in self-study and measures to improve the self-learning for students at
Pedagogical University" of Vu Van Nam.
In the military, typically are the works: "Ho Chi Minh with the military education" by Nguyen Ngoc Phu;
"Ho Chi Minh’s thought on education in the military field" of the General Political Department; "The mirror of
self-study of Ho Chi Minh - human values between studying and practicing for all party members" of Dang Nam
Dien; "Applying the thought "Training must aim at the needs" of Nguyen Van Chung; " Ho Chi Minh’s thought
on education" by Tran Dinh Tuan. In addition, there are many master thesis, scientific papers on various aspects
of self-learning, active learning methods, Ho Chi Minh’s thought on learning and self-study and so on.
The works have confirmed that Ho Chi Minh’s thought on self-study has practical value as evidenced
by the vivid example of self-study of his endurance. Self-study has a crucial role in the process of occupying
knowledge and working process on the position of each person. In order for the process to work effectively,
it requires officials to self-stufy and improve self-study guide. However, the works focus on researching that
self-study is a form of overtime learning, they have not considered self-learning as a mainstream method in
the system of learning methods of students.
2. Raised issues for the thesis to continue to resolve
Through an overview of the domestic and overseas researches about learning method and Ho Chi Minh’s
ideology of self-study, in general the works have focused on aspects of the viewpoint of modern teaching is to
teach the studying way. However, for the learning methods and fostering learning methods with respect to self-
study, the following issues need to be further researched:
First, on researching the thoughts of Ho Chi Minh. The study of the view "take self-study as
essence" deeply and apply in fostering the learners with learning method which considers self-study

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as the key, there is no author exploiting, researching, especially for students at military university.
Second, regarding the learning method in general, independent learning method in particular in the
world’s history of education. Through researching the argument points, pedagogical ideas, it’s posible to see that
teachers always have a desire to teach his learners the practical knowledge. The fostering of learning method, self-
study in general have not been interested in deep research.
Third, the issue of fostering learning method, self-learning for university students in general and
students in military university. The issues of how (way, measures) to foster the learning method in which the
learners take self-study as essence for students has not received the attention to research from authors, while
practices needs such research. So, fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-study
as essence” for learners requires to become a clear and consistent pedagogical ideology, an objective and
teaching tasks to achieve, not only is a measure to improve the effectiveness of teaching at military
university.
3. Research objective of the thesis topic
To clarify the scientific basis and nature of Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” ; launch
the conception and significance of fostering learning method for students in military university in accordance
with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence”; survey and assess the status to propose
requirements, measures to foster learning methods in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-
study as essence” for students in military university to improve their academic performance, to meet the
requirements of modern teaching and thereby contribute to improving the quality of training military officers
in the new situation.
4. Research content of the thesis
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- Analyze, interpret, clarify the nature of the thoughts “take self-study as essence” by Ho Chi Minh and
the theoretical issues on learning methods and fostering learning methods for students in military university
in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence”.
- Assess the situation and draw the issues in applying Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as
essence” in fostering learning methods for students in military university.
- Define requirements and propose measures to foster learning methods for students in military
university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” today.

5. Research methodology of the thesis
* Basis of methodology:
The thesis topic is based on research methodology of dialectical materialism of Marxism - Leninism;
thoroughly grasp Ho Chi Minh thoughts and opinions of the Communist Party on education - training, especially
policy to reform teaching and learning methods in the industrialization and modernization of the country. During
the research, the author approaches the issue according to the viewpoint system - structure, complex views:
activity - values – dignity; historical - logical perspectives; practical perspective to analyze historical context,
conditions for forming and applying Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” in the history of
teaching and self-study in military university; clarify the scientific basis and nature of the thought “take self-study
as essence”.
* The research methods:
The thesis topic uses synthetically methods of scientific education and other supporting methods, including
theoretical research methods, practical research methods and other supporting research methods.
* Scientific hypothesis:
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“Take self-study as essence” is an important point in the whole system of educational ideology of Ho
Chi Minh, became the ideological foundation, the lodestar for educational - training activities of the country
in general and the education - training in the military in particular.
If deeply study to clarify the substantive of the thought “take self-study as essence” by Ho Chi Minh;
and know to properly, innovatively use that thought into fostering learning methods for students in
military university by measures: Education and building the motivation, learning attitude for students;
fostering learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” through the
organizational forms of teaching; building process of fostering learning methods in accordance with the
thought “take self-study as essence” for students; intensify activities in groups to foster and self-foster
learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” for students, the learning
quality of students at military university could be raised.
Chapter 1
THEORETICAL ISSUES ON FOSTERING
TRAINING METHOD FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY UNIVERSITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
HO CHI MINH”S THOUGHT "TAKE SELF-STUDYING AS ESSENCE"

1.1. Content of Ho Chi Minh’s thought "take self-studying as essence”
1.1.1. Scientific basis of Ho Chi Minh’s thought "take self-studying as essence”
Philosophical basis of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on self-learning is the development philosophy and
the role of human subject in this development process.
Psychological basis of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on self-learning is the conscious activity of people.
Educational basis of the thought on self-learning is the formation and development of human personality.
Practical basis of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on self-learning is right from the practices of rich
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revolutionary activities and self-study of Ho Chi Minh.
Formation occasion of Ho Chi Minh’s thought "take self-studying as essence”
Ho Chi Minh wrote "modification of working style" in October 1947, signed as XYZ to point
out the shortcomings, disadvantages and deviations, reorganize cognitive thought, improve political,
theoretical level, and ethical quality of party members.
1.1.2. The nature of Ho Chi Minh’s thought "take self-studying as essence”
First, Ho Chi Minh requires to take self-studying as essence in learning.
Second, Ho Chi Minh emphasizes the role of collaboration in learning.
Third, Ho Chi Minh points out that self-studying needs the orientation and direction of teachers.
1.2. Conception and pedagogical value of fostering learning method for trainees at military
university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”
1.2.1. The conception of fostering learning method for trainees at military university in accordance
with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”
1.2.1.1. Learning method
Based on the achievements of teaching theory, it’s the concept on learning method as follows:
Learning method is the way, measures to acquire, process, manipulate learning content into practical
activities in the own way of learners.
1.2.1.2. Learning method of students at military university
Learning method of trainees at military university is the active, innovative way, measures for
acquisition, processing, and applying academic content with researching nature in their process of
learning, to improve the quality of learning, meet the goals and training requirements of the school.
1.2.1.3. Learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence”

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Learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” is the way and
measures that learners themselves find and discover learning content in an active, creative way under the guidance
and help of teachers, the cooperation of students in learning.
1.2.1.4. Fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for
learners at military university
Fostering learning method for learners at military university in accordance with the thought “take self-
studying as essence” is a combination of pedagogical impact to consolidate, strengthen and develop the
learning ways and measures of students on the basis of taking initiative self-learning activities as essence.
From that conception, fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as
essence” for learners at military university on some following specific issues: Fostering objectives; fostering
subjects; fostering impact; fostering content; fostering forms; fostering conditions; criteria for evaluating
fostering outcomes:
1.2.2. Pedagogical value of fostering learning method for learners at military university in
accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence”
We have generalized fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as
essence” for learners at military university in compliance with the trend of university education today; meet
requirements for training military official staff in the new period; contribute to improving the quality
of education and training in general, the quality of teaching and learning in the current military
university in particular; meet the needs of self-learning to lifelong of learner team at military
university.
Conclusion of chapter 1
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Ho Chi Minh’s learning method “take self-studying as essence” not only help each person improve their
understanding of themselves, to understand other people, to understand the world but also develop in the learners
themselves their lifelong learning ability.
With the explosion of scientific knowledge and technology, the development of the knowledge
economy at present, studying associated with self-study have become a basic way for each person to enrich
their own potential. To do this, education must focus on "teaching how to learn" and "learn to learn" to
equip individuals with "creative self-study way" - a sharp instrument for lifelong learning. Only in this way,

the learners can continue to receive and process information provided by the life of his life by taking self-
learning as a key activity in the process of acquiring knowledge.
To have military officer staff meeting the requirements of building the army in the new period, military
universities need to put into policy the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners, help learners at
military universities have good methods for self-learning to the lifelong to meet the development of military
career and social & military practices.
Chapter 2
PRACTICAL ISSUES ON FOSTERING
TRAINING METHOD FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY UNIVERSITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
HO CHI MINH”S THOUGHT "TAKE SELF-STUDYING AS ESSENCE"
2.1. The process of applying Ho Chi Minh's thought’s “taking self-studying as essence” in
teaching and self-study in the military academies and schools
By studying the documentary on educational, training practices at military academies and schools
from its establishment until now, we have generalized fostering learning method for students in the history of
teaching of military schools.
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2.2. Status of learning method, self-study and fostering learning method for learners at military
university today
2.2.1. Features of training at military university
First, training target at military university is combining training according to learning level with
academic training according to positions.
Second, learning activities of students at military university are cognitive activities with the nature of
research.
Third, learning activities of students take place in the conditions that military environment has close
organization.
2.2.2. Status of learning method and fostering learning method for learners at military university
2.2.2.1. An overview of the status survey
* Survey purpose
* Survey content
* Survey subject, location and time

* Method of status survey
2.2.2.2. Results of the status survey
First, the status of learning methods, self-study of learners at military university:
- Regarding wareness, capturing learning methods.
- Handle and use ways of learning.
- Learning outcomes.
Second, the status of fostering learning method for learners at military university:
- Regarding leadership and direction;
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- Regarding the fostering content;
- Regarding fostering forms and methods;
* The cause of the limitations
First, conditions of infrastructure, technical equipment, materials and curricula for the educational -
training mission have many difficulties, have not met the requirements in both quantity and quality;
Second, academies and military schools were interested in directing to implement the views of teaching
knowledge in conjunction with teaching methods.
Third, students have not really respected their learning way to approach the learning content for
professional work in the future.
Fourth, officer and lecturer staff at academy and military schools are generally lacking quantity
Fifth, the testing and evaluation are still following a trail, have not created a motivation for students to
have faith, to strengthen and develop their learning methods.
2.2.3. Practical issues posed for fostering learning method in accordance with the thought
“taking self-studying as essence” through survey
First, ensure quality of the input.
Second, specify training objectives for each training subject.
Third, standardize, modernize teaching programs, content.
Fourth, innovate teaching and learning methods.
Conclusion of chapter 2
Research the process of applying Ho Chi Minh's thought “taking self-studying as essence” in the
process of training officer staff at military schools since the early days of formation has indicated that

although in the difficult conditions of war, along with universities nationwide, military schools have self-
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reliance, autonomy in staff training, focus on fostering learners the learning ways of autonomy, efforts and
positiveness.
Status of fostering learning method in accordance with Ho Chi Minh's thought “take self-studying as
essence” for students at military university today has created important factual basis to propose measures
accurately, timely and effectively, contributing to improving the quality of education and training of the
army, improve the quality of officer staff in the new situation, contribute to building the revolutionary,
formal, elite and gradually modernized army to meet the requirements of the national defense industry in the
new situation.
Chapter 3
METHODS OF FOSTERING TRAINING METHOD FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY
UNIVERSITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH HO CHI MINH”S THOUGHT "TAKE SELF-
STUDYING AS ESSENCE"
3.1. Requirements for developing methods of fostering learning method for learners
at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”
From the issues drawn by the practice of fostering learning method, self-study for students of military
universities, to foster learning methods for students, military universities need to well implement
requirements when building fostering methods as follows:
- Closely combine the fostering learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-studying
as essence” for students with innovating teaching methods of teachers;
- The fostering of learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for
students is conducted simultaneously with the process of acquiring knowledge, training study skills of
students;
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- The fostering of learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for
students must ensure the practical nature to meet objectives of training and practicing learning habits of military
officer in the future.
3.2. Measures to foster learning method for learners at military university in
accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”

3.2.1. Education and development of learning motivation, attitude for students
The education to develop learning motivation, attitude for students at military university can be carried out
according to the different contents and ways, which needs to focus on some following requirements for content:
- For managing officers:
Need to thoroughly grasp training objectives, requirements and associated the achievement of those goals
& requirements with satisfying the needs of the learners. During the training at school, leaders and commanders at
all levels should orient learners on responsibilities and rights. Need to make a commitment between the interests
of the learners and requiring implementation of goals, training requirements will have the effect of encouraging
learners to be more active in the learning and training activities. Gradually more and better meet the needs and
aspirations of students. Learning motivation of students is strengthened, developed by the teaching activities in
schools. Well implementing the campaigns of education industry, the campaign "Study and follow the moral
example of Ho Chi Minh".
* For lectures
Faculties and subject departments should focus on changing the entire perception for lecturer staff.
Make every lecturer, every collective faculty to have profound awareness about fostering learning methods
for students in the learning process at school. Lecturer staff should carefully & thoroughly grasp the training
objectives and requirements, education and training regulations to guide students ; through the lecture should
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integrate educational content, making students profoundly aware of training objectives, requirements, targets
to be achieved, striving criteria and so on.
*For learners:
Students must always have self-consciousness to transform the university’s training target & requirements into the
individual’s learning target & requirements. Only by this, learners can promote the positiveness, self-consciousness in
learning and self-seeking a learning method good for them.
3.2.2. Fostering learning method for learners at military university in accordance with Ho Chi
Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”through the organizational form of teaching
Through lecture form:
Lecturers at military university have to respect the requirements and processes of the lecture, design
the contents to indoctrinate students to ensure requirements for fostering learning methods.
Through the form of seminars:

- Prepare seminar: Guide skills of self-researching, teamwork, self-questioning, self-figure out to
answer.
- Conducting seminars : Orient ways of teamwork, how to discuss according to the contents assigned.
- End of seminar : Instruct ways of notes, conclusions, research orientation.
Through other forms of teaching:
- Thông qua thực hành thực tập.
- Through practice.
- Thông qua hoạt động ngoại khóa.
- Through extracurricular activities.
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3.2.3. Develop the processes of fostering learning method “take self-studying as essence” for
learners at military university
Develop the processes of fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying
as essence” for learners at military university includes a system of the following steps:
Step 1: Sort out and determine the target of fostering learning method accroding to each content and
form of organizing teaching.
Step 2 : Fostering the learning ways for students
Need to focus on design some fostering ways for students in several ways: Focus on attention; positive
observation, analysis, synthesis, regularly review:
Step 3: Fostering learning skills towards "take self-studying as essence" for students in
military university.
Approach according to the theory of modern teaching, learning skills will help learners to imagine and
grasp the ways of independent, autonomy, exploring and creativity learning. Therefore, teachers need to
focus on a number of skills:
Step 4: Guide students to apply academic skills to the reality of learning process.
- Activities in the classroom: Students should closely combine listening to lecture and takeing notes.
- Activities outside the classroom: Students should carefully study discussion guide; review the
prepared content carefully, discuss with their comrades to identify solutions.
Step 5: Verify the results of fostering learning method for students.
First, research findings, treatment of learning content.

Second, result of grasping and expressing learning content.
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Third, the complete results has quality of preparing learning tasks. The learner must check and adjust
themselves.
3.2.4. Enhance group activities to foster and self-foster learning method in accordance with the
thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university
* Train the learning skills in group for students.
Skills included: Prepare plan of group activities; build the group’s regulations; assign tasks; share
responsibilities; active, positive listening; share information; resolve conflicts
* Create a good learning environment to foster the method “take self-studying as essence” for
students
* Organize for students to actively participate in scientific research.
* Orient for students to be self-conscious on fostering the method “take self-studying as essence”
Conclusion of chpater 3
Measures to foster learning method in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" is
implemented by fostering subjects: Leaders, commanders, administrators, lecturers and students at military
universities. Those measures must be derived from the requirements of higher education and the training
goals, requirements of military academies & schools and psychological characteristics, perceptions of the
learners. By studying the actual situation and the issues of learning methods and self-learning of students at
military universities, we have proposed five basic measures of the most general nature, instructing ways of
fostering and improving learning method for students according to the direction of taking self-study as key
activity. .
Each measures with different positions and roles but has close relation, affecting each other to create a
positive system impacting on fostering learning methods for students. This measure is the basis, the premise
impacting the other measure, in the absence of a measure, it will not be impossible to implement the
fostering of learning method. So, in order to foster learning methods in accordance with the thought "take
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self-study as essence" for students to achieve results, military universities need to study, thoroughly grasp,
supplement, complete and perform synchronically & uniformly the measures mentioned above .
Chapter 4

PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT
4.1. The common issues of experimentation
4.1.1. Experimental purpose and hypotheses
* Experimental purpose.
* Experimental hypotheses.
4.1.2. Experimental scope, foundation and subjects
* Experimental scope.
* Experimental foundation.
Pedagogical experiment was conducted in 2 units :
- Unit 1: School of Political Officers.
- Unit 2: Infantry officers training college no 1.
These are the two big military universities of Ministry of National Defense specialized in training
commanding officers of Combined Arrms and political commissar of the section level.
* Experimental subject.
- Experimental unit 1: Students at second year (Battalion 3) training at School of Political Officers.
- Experimental unit 2: Students trained as commanding officers of Combined Arrms at third year
(Battalion 13) training at Infantry officers training college no 1.
4.1.3. Experimental force and time
* Experimental force.
* Experimental time.
Experimental duration is from 22 February 2011 to 22 October 2011, divided into 2 periods :
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- Conduct experiments at the unit 1, from 22 February to 20 June 2011.
- Conduct experiments at the unit 2, from June 23 June 2011to 22 October 2011
4.1.4. Experimental content, methods and measurements, evaluation of experimental results
* Experimental content.
In each experimental unit, the thesis author and collaborators conducted the class, seminars, self-study
hours toward fostering learning method in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" in the content
of the subject military education under the programme of training officers at section level. We focus on
experiment the innovation of lecturer’s teaching method towards fostering learning method in accordance with the

thought "take self-study as essence" for students in the form of lectures (Measure 3.2.2) and fostering academic
skills "take self-study as essence" (Measure 3.2.3).
* Experimental methods.
The experiment was conducted by the method of controlled experiment. On the first experimental unit,
we give lecture of one credit (4 topics, 16 periods) according to the program training undergraduate political
instructors. On the second experimental unit, we give lecture of one credit (4 topics, 8 periods) according to
the program training officers at section level- university level which was arranged with the same coaching
plan and teaching conditions in both the control and experimental group. The control classess are still
conducted like the past, experimental class are conducted towards fostering learning method in accordance
with the thought "take self-study as essence". Finishing each round of experiments, we examined,
summarized, analyzed, compared the results of progress on the qualification and learning methods in
accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" and the advancement of learning outcomes of
students between experimental and control classes in the same unit of time.
4.2. Process and analysis of experimental results
4.2.1. Experimental process
4.2.1.1. Experimental Preparation
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Step 1: Survey, select and understand the quality of the classes before conducting experiments
* Survey, select experimental and control classes.
* Understand the quality of the class before conducting experiments
Step 2: Foster and guide the experimental collaborators.
Step 3: Analyze the program, compile documents.
4.2.1.2. Conduct experiments
We conducted experiments in both units during the identified period. During the experiments, we have
carried out the following tasks:
- Give experimental lecturer in the class
- Conduct seminars for 3 times.
4.2.1.3. End of experiment
- Check, finish experiment: After finishing experiments, we conducted a test of self-styled discussion,
with duration for 90 minutes.

- Process, analyze experimental results: The experimental results were analyzed both qualitatively and
quantitatively according to 2 criteria were identified.
- Conclusion of experiment.
4.2.2. Analysis of experimental results
4.2.2.1. Analysis of experimental results quantitatively
4.2.2.2. Analysis of experimental results qualitatively
- Qualitative analysis of the progress in the method of learning in accordance with the thought “take
self-study as essence” of students through experiments
- Qualitative analysis on the progress of the learning outcomes of students through experiments.
Conclusion of chapter 4
The experimental results confirmed the positive effects of measures fostering learning methods in
accordance with Ho Chi Minh City’s thought “take self-study as essence” for students at military university
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today. These measures have helped students at military university have clearer and fuller perceptions on the
purpose of fostering learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence”, then foster
positive emotion, attitudes toward learning , effective learning skills , help students accomplish learning
tasks and future authorities.
We conduct experiment on the measures proposed in the subject of military education in two experimental
units. The measures for fostering learning method for students at military university in accordance with the
thought “take self-study as essence” implemented in the form of lecture at classroom are suitable with students at
School of Political Officers ( with programs, training content of 55.0 % politics, 45.0 % military ) and students at
Infantry Officer Training College No. 1 ( with programs, training content of 45.0 % politics, 55.0 % military). The
experimental classes have moderate number of students, it favours teachers to use the lecture toward fostering
learning methods in accordance with the thought of taking self-study as essence. During the experimental
process, we also encountered difficulties, but we had expected them and prepared remedies, so the experiment has
obtained good results.
Impacting outcomes of the measures proposed for the form of teaching at classroom with the subject of
military education are fairly stable in both experiments have confirmed the feasibility, effiency, correctness of the
measures to foster learning methods for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh City’s
thought “take self-study as essence”.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Learning method is an important content in the learning process of students. The knowledge volume
taught at university is extremely large, teaching methods and learning environment are different far from
general education. Therefore, students should have proper learning methods to be able to absorb all that
massive body of knowledge. In order to learn better and achieve higher results, it’s necessary for students to
have a rational learning method in the main hall and mostly in their ways of self-learning. Entering
university, lots of students are still at fault as regards new teaching and learning way. Because students are
considered as matured people, learning and teaching at universities emphasize self-awareness and self-
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