giáo trình thống kê ứng dụng
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (1.95 MB, 174 trang )
!"#$%&%'()*+,
-./!0,12134$/5 '&1%
'4#5+,-6 78&$9&2'
4:".'; </&".:)
=>?@A(B6"?1%'/!(
)C3D,>4.-84' 71%-%15"DE
> F/!0,1+G 88.@1%H 2+
&1)
I"<" 5/6&!6&/!)C3
D/6&!6E-J1&1%'/!K
/!"L-1%@M<"4/!+;
&N52:&/!1-!6"?&-? +EM&O
&)P1% 22/6&!5:
41&/!+;&" "L5-? 8/!
QR6&26E-J1 7E11)I
25+:"<1S&/!'<1
/!"L&2EM&O&+<?:)T-9
& "<42/ 5+19 &8-1%-%>
4&&4 7-%>4+5U&'2)
!"#$%&'(
&'(41%(:2M"<04V A@>
4)I'2;"<>45+19 &8->45A
@ 6@VW(>4+&L &/!/6
<)
*/!&"."L&7
()I'2;1% "L/+/M
EX
Y
Y
• Z&4[>4'2
• *G&%(4+K34"L&&-?>".
N)
*:%<-6('2M&4X
• \$4$K>48541+>4+N
• T1>4K+19 &8->450!'51F8
1'/N
• ]#4"L1'/&:
• ^4
• _-`'2)
^-;a78 7'25&"#26VW(1%2
M'2)
IbcdIe*If=\Tc
()%*+%&'(,-./01213"456431(< !g"L:&
2Ma,1@2M)
h@#@54W 2M5'7+& @(42M
'2)T@$,'(>4?i< !(
g 7&!')=".$+41 84>5++
21&4W 2M #5 "99+'7
& @(:)*2A->-5j$#@5 &!'(
-' #1i1%/;!K @k1lN)
Im=\In
7%8op4X4L;6< !KN%"L2M
1+>4[)
Cqd
9:)or14,X41%-%(g1"L:&2M)
^s=htIm=\In
;<%7%8op41,1-,&X4"L-$g)
IuCrf
15&op&1,,&X4-;a1%$4"L4".3&"(1%g)
If=\Tc
;$"=%&'(orX4-;a1%$4"L4".3&"(1%1F)
* @ 7g4;6 2@/&1%&".$:5;6
EV-?=%5 ;6191$1%2!
')*1F+"L4;&[1ig&-g&2)* @
-1v 2@/"L4:E1QV 71%(7+5wvv
UEV?=%"L424$-x$E1QV-5 yv
y
y
191?2!U"LR1%%7& 7R1U
)I&1i&".L5>".&1F$1%-%(
>".-1&g)
r'7&-8"L2-?;6>".U191$2!'
41%1')*[;6&g"L
@1')r'7&-8"L2-?yvU"LR&
%7& 7R1U41%$4"L'2)*G[yv
".U2!'"L@$4"L'2+)
z6A'2"L4'216 '2H
6+7+M&/6&!)&'(>%?&
5+19 &8-1%-%>4)&'(5)@AB>4(
1%1F&&4 71%g)
I'216-9[{ 4"&>(gM@&!|0U
%&%4#)h@!a61".E15"#4$1%%7&A'
+19>4 7A'"#)}7E15~-_A' T
$+841%&7gM1U&'"<'21
6)=76('2H"L&24V0;)*"<
H>41F@$4"L'21"L"#
4"L3&"(g)
=5'2"LM&74W )T
"<'24;&1F1@1)I@
"<'24:>6" ,
O0"#("#@/.)}64V"<
'26;4"L(6J1"L60;3! "LA
-?1%gM)C&,"<'2"#4"L•4
"@1%6J1+<1%6J1 $:4$@<5
&&4 71%4"L1&,1+>@;& 41E
'-(1%6J1)
€
€
!
C 1%2D3?+E%+F1%&'(*AG
I'2"LM&1:4W (2M:)^' #".
$!@5>".16" ;@( 7@
5'2UM141% )*/!42/•4
;5"<&80U%52/'Q5 7 ;7+"L
1%{G #&L(A@'2)*/64V
&5U;'2&/&8&/!)=>
i41;4"L5@5iL6J1 &>5 1%4$
;7+"L/64V/6-x"<
A@'2)
I&2M1&,5'24&L & 0!0,1
41%6J11#+S)I'2B&;>@
" ;@& <%")*A 25
/64VA5 60;;6781; '<%
A@'2)
=>M 7M"L1:1%4343
4$&')*S"LG&'2+"LM"
6/641 ( &;7@$(%'
()
*U;1$@>@('2 1%4$ ;7&%4#
1++6/)^1:(<6EM&%&U('
25S2MME('2)I'24:42/
>45+19 &8->45A@ 6@VW(>
4+)
w
w
"
z"#2&2M'24>4)*>4
056"L+19 &8-"#$1%'1F+VW +6E
163&"("L2M)*/&8;2
"<'216 "L64&"<,)r>
4U"L+19 &8- 2M5'26A@ 6
@)*/&8&2"<'2H ;2
1%4L@@(A@'2-?&L&/&8&/!
/ ;7)
h#>ME<-6(A@'25;1$&x
M'('24- '2)*S81;7+
/M(1%'"<'2++-"<4
#1%%@0;!)z;1%6'13 #4
$&B+"L4L1%[6E&7
&"#06&)=1%-'-(:S4-
2&1%6.&"<45-/64V+4$@
0 /6<$%$)='-&"<4"L
"#4"L #1%%@05-/64V+H&/!
/&:42/1M&>532 452 7
5 @$($%)
H AG%I
z•bI‚p
)*+-4$"#6"L-$1%4X"#6+5ƒ „2)
NU6@$4$"#6"L-41% @ 7-A4$)
-NU6@$4$"#6"L-41% @ 7-!)
Y)*'+"L-$1%ME"#-$@"#
XR5&-8 4#)U6@$@"#('+41% @
7-M$)
…
…
#
y)U0!0,1&1i&".L4-A4$-'4"L)=4
-'4"L5U0!0,1+4-&.&$-42)=&5U0!
4$)
NI2(;b,&,
-NI.4"#&21$b,&,1i
NP"4"L4#;(rK1y`AN
Nr',14"L&1i
,Nr''U1
€)*+>4 71M%&& (YvvA"X
Ig \#@ T6.
&
'&2
KN
CM%$
%
†;
Y†&-8
y†
r'4-!
$R
‡
y
)
)
)
Y
)
)
)
Y5w
w5ˆ
)
)
)
y
Y
)
)
)
y
Y
)
)
)
UA4$w-&2,@;!@ !4"L)=4!4"L5UA
4$0,14&.&$42‰
w)*+ 71$1%?'"X
T =<"& I.
1
KN
r'71
K8
N
r'1+
1
I.1
1
&
Š
u
)
)
)
z
u
)
)
)
yˆ
€w
)
)
)
‹ˆv
vw…
)
)
)
‹
ˆ
)
)
)
r
I'
)
)
)
UA4$…-&2,@;!@ !4"L)=4!4"L5UA
4$0,14&.&$42‰
‹
‹
$
ˆ
ˆ
%&'()*
C JKLM
C
I>44gM1%: ,1%$';
>4 7"L|0U%)^/64V60;+/6
QR6"L>4@L)*+&;7&".L
QR6>4X
• C%2M1&,6/6(1%"<&8
/61#&2 )
• C%60;"LJ16/!0,141%4$'1#+'
<4$'"L)
• =/64V60;1'1&1%/&860;0!0,14;
4"L(6J1"L60;+M2J(
)
• T1 21'1&4$!@(1%0!
0,14+A(29"L;)
• C%"1'0!0,1U&>+E
'&$)
CC K!"#$AN")
CC K!"#$AN")%4#%I+E%O<%IO<"=
N")4&!/"L(2M2M5j$A&6
4."L&1%%7&)*'2gM%7&2
M1%4:2M)I&8Y);+4$2M
42M!@ 2M!4"L)
‡
‡
P$>4 P$AR *A&64.
^!@ $-$+?>1%4$g&‰*+T
^!4"L
r'4"L
141{
PC+"#$%()%*+
%&'()
()%*+O<%I4@;4$8(< !g5+-
&-x')I2M!@$&A&64.1@A4$5j
$A&64.+3)h@A&64.' #ARk$+?
>1%4$g&‰l-? 8+-!#$-?A&64.<
64+3)&".L&64.' #AR(1%-4Œ4k4
+121+/(&Y#
‰l)I2M!@B+$&7<"<&64.)h@k
@E? &;‰l7&Y/64@7
#ARXk&8%: ;;1`-U48‰l1F7&+
424:++"X
pII`I&;`*j`^$:`I$W`T
*A&64.' #AR+4X
I&;5*j5^$:5I$W5I$W5^$:5I&;5^$:5
I$W5T5*j)
^A@41%-%>4!@XA&64.G&&8%: ;@L' #
1i/64@"LR)
()%*+O<"=$&>/6&64.-x'j$"7(
"#$141{)* @4'7a :S2
0,1(&Y#4-2/6&64.' #ARk
v
v
%&'()
$31-24$$@‰lI2M!4"L4$"L
4$X
-.2Q2$+G+&! 44+6>
&!)*&!".4'25 @"'&Œ,1+&1i%8)I
2;64'2)h@ #AR[1%%7& 7
1@' #A 2&1%Xk.4"#
&21$b,&,14-4AK41&Q•.N‰lA&64.+4XYŽ
5wŽv5YwŽv5wŽvŽv5Yw5)))
-."(%G++-;a1%&!&1%6;!&2&')
h@X6[&".(1i 2&:4"L(1%%>
-%"•&Œ,1)KI2&:4"L&2--8"L41&Q< !4
15 8 S4&.&$)N
I&5%@0(-;a1%-!B-!#$1%'>'
A;!;J5@ 8 1:-%>4&74&.&$)=+
".>@0,11%-%>4"442513D+4&.&$•
h@X'-(1%+4X
Yw)‡ˆ€5yw8Ž‹)yw€5ˆw8ŽYv)ˆ‹…5w€85)))
^A41%-%>4&.&$)I2+S44@"L0,1"41%-%>
442 8+&;7&!++)
CCC K!"#$AN")%4#%1O#
*>4B+"LA4$,)*+-'4$"L
&%&U4X!5M-56 •4)
1O#O<A1%1O#%*3R+
*>4[2M!@"L&2!3M-)
I!K8Y)YNA4$>44$&+
-M$()I&%7&1M%R1U(1%
-4Œ5/6&64.' #ARk4+121+/
(&Y#‰l41% @ 72M"L&2
!)I!4;-? 8G&"L
<{1 7M$>+1)
I2M!@ pA4$
r?>1@A *+T
PCC+IAGS%1O#O<A1
P$g91>
IE&"?z4,TT
=;b,&,
h,4‘pIh=pIT
I2M!@ pA4$M$
I"# 2 =E1M;=E1M=E1M-=E1'
PCH+IAGS%1O#%*3R+
u Z;I"<'<&(&=1*a1
IR1U6J1
Z;R1UI"<'R1U
I&4I"<'R1UZ;R1U
%&'()
1O#%*3R+A4$>4+1&2-&++-
M$()I&%7&1M%R1U(1%U5A
&64.' #ARk*" 7-%! "L;-?
‰l41%2M"L&2M--? 8A&64.k'
<1L&;75'<1L5"1L5{1<1L {1<
1L&;7l"L90,M(1M%R1U)8Y)yG
& @ 72M"L&2M-)
IM-1$<!-? 81%&!/"LA
4$ &1%+1?>7<1%%@ #1%&!/"L
A4$ &1%+1)I25M- F"<' #
-? 8M-@%4#(24>
+1)IM-G1G+, k4#<l5k'<l5"Lk"@
<lo11G4/.)
Y
Y
I2M!4"L
I
=%K*,4N T6
PCT+IAGS%1O#'#?%1O#%U"
^11&KvN
T6
*7K1N
I•4
*A3KN I•4
IgKE13N
I•4
_'KrpN
I•4
I74"<Kh=^N
I•4
%&'()
1O#'#?%1O#%U"
*>4[2M!4"L"L&263•4)1
O#'#?K8Y)€N4M-&+>&!41%'+
VW5"-1')h@X%46)
I&2H0!"L5j$X
- y
*<y
* #Yˆ
*
- 24>y
* Yˆ
*B'"24>ww
* wY
*5
74y
*)
- v
*G41%1&2)
1O#%U"4&+>&!+-11%'
" 775A35g74"<)I&7&1M
%R1U(1%U5'71a :20,1
(&Y#41%2M"L&2•4)h@5
&"#4y&54…&58+W4
;&"#)I%4$4&".LX*%
*,4 ‘&,,4656•4Ž&!v4DV5
)*+4€v
*4+;4Yv
*)="
%T,4 5&+v
T+W4+%(A54•
y
y
%&'()
4)="L4$5&%*,4 ‘&,,1v
-9
&2"L4:1%DV)
*>4"L&263•4;2
1$;)*1$<M--? 8+0!G
&!/44#;1Q44#-2)
CCH K!"#$AN")%4#)V
I,85>4"L4$@4AN")5+E AN
")%*+E )_>4<;44$>41&+".4".>
4 A@)T1%gM1%A">41>4
U"L-?1%gM3A8>4+4>4M;)
*>4"LgM A -'"L0,18
4>4<;5 +>4"LgM A
4$"L0,14>4M;)h@>4"L A-?@
(,61@% "A)*>4 7 41 G
'4$1"L A-?Ig'2)
*>442/!&".;!B"LA
-?U2M1&, %"<1$)*>4 788
@(21"L;-?%"@h=1
Khu‘bN)
CH +P%*+%)%R AN")
CH )%R AN")%>W)13#+#
P8MgM7&'2".02!a,%5"<
%-U/!';)h@X!a5/@5E1
64 -42;&2)
CHC )%R AN")%>W)1OS)%21
P8MgM7&".02"L,1%$
"</!&21i47&)^7&-% 7&:1FX
€
€
%&'()!
;S)%21%#3X4>4&2;6< !(g5-R
+-;a1%< !)h@g7&A'57&E411+-!5
g7& "+)
;S)%21+Y:)4>4G&21%'< !"L4;&(g
5+4&&"L&%-%g)h@X7&;4"L6
J1%57&6+7&!(".2D 7
1%4$6J1+)
^7&:1F+"L6/ ;75"
4".(1%"<&8/6)=&+B"L0A
1!4V)
]1(7&:1F4&;4: /6)
• P$X++4<6M$D,V1'(2M5
’+ 7. @)
• /6X+; 71%g4#[1%
1F"<'R5 4$'+1%+)
w
w
%&'()"
CT + "E@:)%QAZ
I&"<&"#51%1F"L!W41%-%(g1"L4;&
2M)I 82M;6< !(g5"<4;1F
'2G& 1%+1$R(1%g4#<)*
(1F4;&"L"#4"L3&"(-%g)*
4V@4;&1%1F-1X
• I&7&".L51&"L;6< !g)
• I1. #7&-%527&4;1F+@!.
• I1@5'< !7&@
• T4&&[1F".4($g
…
…
*4$1F"L
*1FF2 *1FF2
CF
CF$$
CFF2<6
CF'
CFA
CFA1
%&'()#
• z6;(< !1F(1%'/&81&;!)
}&84;1F-9-x 0!4;1F))"E@:)4
42< !$g)*4;1F4>4j$"
g5-$$5-6)*1F"L4;&[
)*/6@03++$&4$&[1%'
+1;!(g)r4;1F$&>4+
F4&"L)
r4:4;1F5&&1%1F[+)I&<
1:4$1FX1FF2 1FF2)
CT +:):)(
I&1%1FF2<651:< !&4;1F7+<%"L4
: &1F4")P;1FF2<64"<4;1FF
2<-6;)=+$<?"<4;1FF2)
h#"<4;1FF2<65V@"#1F4
@"#4;1F4=)*'< !&4;1F[
=)“;1S4:-;a1%< !&4;1F&24&
E124`=)
‹
‹
%&'()$
*4:1F+4$3+4$)ME@:)+[#"$
+W44:1%< !5&6+ &4;
1F)
ME@:)'>#"$+W4U4:1%< !8<
!+"L4:4$)“;1S4:-;a1%< !
&4;1F&24&E124`=)“;1S4:-;
a1%< !64< !U"L4:&"#A&4&E1M
4`=|)}&8U4:"L1F+@"#1
1')
}&84;1F"L-x&E1F23-x
'F21"L$&-?1@3-6'F2)
h@XC%+1%-%M["L'[YY‡vyv
C%$&@(1%-6'F2"X
€w…‡YˆYy‡v…wwww‡ww‡€
€…Y€…Y‡‹…€€€‹‹‡vv‡‡
‹‡ˆ€Yˆ…‡yvY‹ˆ‡€ˆv
r$&@(-6'F2?&2 "<4;1FF2
6<4;&1%1F1…M[[g&2)
\6XT@"#(gX=†yvoYY‡v”†ˆY
P;'+->'1i4+X€w…5‡Yˆ5Yy‡5v…w5www5‡ww5‡€€5…Y€5…Y‡5)))
P$-R'&D 'x16vvoˆY5S"L1F
X€w…5Yy‡5v…w5www5…Y€5…Y‡)
!
I&1%1FF2,'5=< !&4;1F&
+11< !5&+X
=
=
*41&Q'2;)^4:1%1FF2,
'5:< !24< !S"L4;F2[< !2
ˆ
ˆ
%&'()*
&4;1F)r+4:o< !Q4$-x:&<
!, #-"#6';)
=4;1F+M1%.{'+<
-54;&1%1FF2,'4< H< #
4;&1%1FF2<6)P;1FF2,'B41%<
>4['g$ < !42
&R1%A760;)
^4;&1%1FF2,'†€v[1%g=†ˆvv
A54;1Fˆvv€v+151i+1+MYvA)r
+4:1%'F2[YvA2)z@A
,"L4:$>-"#6';4†Yv)h@5< !2
4:4vvˆ584:,(S4XvYˆ5v€ˆ5v…ˆ5vˆˆ5
vˆ5)))5‹…ˆ5 ‹ˆˆ)
C3D4<6<52"<4;1FF2<
6 4;1FF2,'+4{1/6<"<
4;1FF2M$<)I1&@5"<4;1FF2,
'H19''(g"L901%F
214$,1%&(/+)^$9$5+
"<4;1FF2A3"<4;1FF
2A1)
" #$%
I&1%1FF2A5&"#2=< !&4;1F
>+1;5 1FF2<6"L4;&[1i+15
&2@"# %A(1i+1+)p"</6<"<
4;1FF2<6"<4;1FF2,'-? 8
-661+$(< !&g)
h@XC%1'4:1%1FyYA[1%gˆvvA
2"#4"L@&L1&E()I&'A 2(
5Yw•4-%/64V ‹w•64-%/64V)*S4
:1%1FF2A"1F+$L4V(
-%/64V‰
‡
‡
%&'()
=6•464ˆv•56A€v
7&+"LyY611')T4;1F-11%
2 '%"(;6ˆvvA 2&<A()z?
8Yw•A 24/64V5&"#26g
+1X1%+142Yvv-%/64V 1%+142…vvA 2
64/64V)z? 8+1M;1Yvv-%/64V5'-%
/64V[vvYvv)-? 8+1M+M1%…vvA 2
64/64V2'A&+1[vv…vv)
^4:1%1FF2A•4 #@"#(1i+15
4:Yw•(-%1F[+1M; ‹w•(-%1F[+1
M)*4;1FF2<6&2-51i1F"L&21%
1?F2&2-[1%-6'F2)I&1FM;
4:v-%/64V[Yvv-%/64V&+1M;5 &
1FM4:yvA 264/64V[…vv
A&+1M)r+L/66;(
-%)
#!&!
I&1%1FF2A15=< !&4;1F1%
'11i1$-%g)r+4;&1%1FF
21 2M;6< !&1i1)*1+"L
A,".&#!4V5"4G'5/5
".0U51A"5gA'5 -)
P;1FF2A1".1@<4;1FF2<
653-4gA&%,!4V)I2541FF2A
1".QR1%@"#1F4#<$&/6+%@0"
/6"L&"<4;1FF2<6"<4;
1FF2A)
CTC + "E@:)'>:)(
I&1%1FF254:< !1-
0;4:()_+4V1U"L0A"<
4;1FF2"L1FF2)C%$@
Yv
Yv
%&'()
("<4;1FF244;1F)I&"<"E@
:)%)R%\>< !"L4:" &1F&"#24 8
)I&1%'&".L>".1"L4:)h@X7
%7&-x;> ! E1–,-,(
:<%1F7& &8,".)=".&64.'
#%7&+;1%4"L4#>41%+5
"1FG-1>".–,-,4:)
ME@:)%4#$$+41%$4;1F("<4;1F
F2A)Ig&"#2"L+1;)r+5
$$"LA-g+15j$"13>5>".
@@5+$L4V(1i+1&
1F)
*1FF2++>"1;!"5
@;)I25%@0(>&
4: 6Eg/+(/67<4-D9"
1)
I&1%1FF254:< !&20;U-)
z;M+52"<4;1FF2)*1F
&2"<{>H2 !
7g2M)I&".&;+34;&1%1FF
2)I2641 ,"#$"L1%1FF2 ;
-;a>1+$)
C] + OS)%21
' ()*+!,#-!.
P"<>4-xR ;>".%'"L2
M #>AR3&"LA9&;J)
• ]1
o *99"L53 ;7&64.
o I.&64.&-8)
Y
Y
%&'()
• ="L1
o =".R ;"L$ 61)
o *>4-!4".R ;6"?>".&64.
/>G3>-&2{13()h@
1%".R ;-AS41".&64.6"&>
A&64.' #>AR1% % )
o Z;'{1 7@ .1F4:"LA&%
95 8 1F".R)
' ()*+/0
• ]1
o I.&64.
o r1"<'H
o *@"<';)
• ="L1
o =".R ;6"L$ 1?1%1M%;!)
o *G+424$"L #>".+$ G:?-2
$$)
'" 1!#)
P"<>4-x-6AR#>".1
1'>4[:)
• ]1
o T$ 1".R ;
o *+424$"L #1%1FA&%9
o *@;)
• ="L1
o I.&64.1
YY
YY
%&'()
o I•4&64.)
' 2,-!.
P"<>4-x/ { 7%5
%5 M('"L2M)
h@X/M%([2!Ž/
41 (".A&A@ )
^AB41%"<'{1 7@ .)
C^ _15&A#"E@:)515&'>A#"E@:)
0/1(.23,41/,'566.617424>1%1'1F 1'g
"<M(+)r'$&-6A/&87&:1F5
7&G"L&21%'@< !5"/6"L4$"L@
&%-%g)
r'4;1F+61"L-xE@"#1F)
0/18(.23,4.1/,'566.61744$'0;6&7&
-% &7&:1F)=2AX
• _g"L4;1F641%g+42/
• _&64.
• _{
• _•46;
• _4".5)))
C` AG%I
z•bI‚p
)=2 6@&O4V"<7&K"/5R ;&5R
;/$5-6AR7&3"<N1S
&8'"#AX
KN =2M0,1A 2"0"'13 #1%
&;M)
Yy
Yy
%&'()
KN =2M%(A' # )
KN “!0,1 H$4$1%AR-x6"?"
#A&64.)
\6@4V:4&1i&".L)=:1%"<
7&"<U"L7?&25U6@&O41
()
Y)C%&AR"."L-1&%7&4)^
AR"LH$"#$kI(4-2K< !@X&
N‰l)I&%7&5".&64."LRk^;“ & Q
&Q"<M #1M(l &"#1%'64
:[+)
NI&$AR25U6@$+"L34-&.
&$34-42)
-N*@$AR&$AR&2
1%%7&‰I$‰
N_$AR+14$•46<‰I$‰
y)I&"?-%2M!&".(1%i-+4#1'
1%%7&&2!-(0!4"L.1>".
>41 191/&1%8)
NU166g 1F2M5 G&4$>41".&"?+1
2M!&".1')
-NU0A1%-6AR&N-x -ARA
4$ -AR!4"L161;S@L%7&)
€)I,1%%7&(Au5G6€•%8!
A)C%%7&-?AzU7&4V".A
! AUD+)C%/67&
(Az"L"#AX
I$! A
>‰
}M$'.
T4Q #!
T
Y‹•
Yw•
Yv•
Y€
Y€
%&'()!
P2/ ;7
I'@
PV
•
•
w•
NU16g' #%7&(Au)
-NU16g' #%7&(Az)
Nr&64.' #ARk$! A
>‰l4!@!4"L)
NY‹•".&64.G&&x! A/M$'.)
^A41%1'1%$4"L'2‰
Yw
Yw
