Ngữ pháp tiếng anh dành cho học sinh phổ thông

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND SIMPLE PAST TENSE
1. Simple present:
a) Đ ng t th ngộ ừ ườ :
I, you, we, they → do
He, she, it → does
Ex: The sun rises in the east
She doesn’t cook every day.
Do they often visit their aunt?
b) Đ ng t “To BE” ộ ừ :
I → am
He, she, it → is
You, we, they → are

Ex: English is the international language.
She isn’t at home now.
Where are you from?
Dùng đ di n đ tể ễ ạ :
 thói quen hi n t iệ ạ EX: Mary often goes to school by bicycl
Các tr ng t th i gian đi v i thì hi n t i đ nạ ừ ờ ớ ệ ạ ơ :
 câu phát bi u t ng quát, s th t hi n nhiên, chân lý EX: ể ổ ự ậ ể The sun rises in the East
 Di n t m t s vi c s x y ra theo th i gian bi u ho c ch ng trình, k ho ch đã đ nh theoễ ả ộ ự ệ ẽ ả ờ ể ặ ươ ế ạ ị
th i gian bi u.ờ ể Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow
morning.
 c m giác tr ng thái hi n t iả ạ ở ệ ạ
Các đ ng t ch tr ng thái c m giác, c m xúc, giác quan, s h uộ ừ ỉ ạ ả ả ở ữ :
Ex: I think you are right. (but: I’m thinking of this exercise)
Your hands feel cold. (but: I’m feeling cold)
At present he has three cars.
KĐ: S + V
1
(s /es)

PĐ: S + do / does + not + V
1
NV: Do / Does + S + V
1
…?
KĐ: S + am / is /are + adj ….
PĐ: S + am /is / are + not + adj …
NV: Am / is / are + S + adj …?
feel * (c m th y)ả ấ - seem ( d ng nh ) ườ ư - look * (trông có v )ẻ
be (thì là )ở - think * (nghĩ là) - have (có) = possess (s h u) = ở ữ own
know (bi t)ế - understand ( hi u)ể - forget (quên)
remember (nh )ớ - like (thích) - hate (ghét)
- every (day/ week / month/ year)
- Three times a week, twice a month, once a week, from time to time…
- as a rule
- always (luôn luôn)
- usually ( th ng xuyên)ườ
- often (th ng)ườ
- sometimes = occasionally = at times (th nh tho ng)ỉ ả
- seldom (ít khi)
- rarely (hi m khi)ế
- normally (thông th ng)ườ
- never (không bao gi )ờ
- all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times
- seldom (ít khi)
rarely (hi m khi)ế
Tuthienbao.com
* Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o,sh,x,ch,s,z
2. Simple past:
a) Đ ng t th ng:ộ ừ ườ

Ex: Columbus discovered South America in 1492.
We saw him yesterday.
The boy used to play football.

b) Đ ng t “To beộ ừ ”
Ex: It was hot yesterday.
They were on business last week.
Cách dùng:
 hành đ ng x y ra th i gian rõ ràng trong q kh .ộ ả ở ờ ứ
Tom went to Paris last week.
 Di n t m t hành đ ng di n ra su t m t kho ng th i gian trong q kh , nh ng nay đã hồnễ ả ộ ộ ễ ố ộ ả ờ ứ ư
tồn ch m d t.ấ ứ
She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher.
 Thói quen trong q kh .ứ
I used to play football when I was a little boy.
Các tr ng t đi v i thì QKĐạ ừ ớ :
B. Exercises
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense.
1. I ………………………….(eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day.
2. These boys often ……………….………(play) football at weekends.
3. It …………………… (rain) in the winter.
4. She ……………………………….(go) to school three days a week.
5. My little boy often …………… …………(watch) cartoon film.
6. She ………………………… (study) English very well.
7. My father often ……………………………(play) tennis in the morning.
8. Ann ……………………………… (speak) German very well.
Exercise 2: Put “DO or DOES” into the following sentences to make questions
9………. the students study hard every day?
→ …………………………………………………………….…………

10……… Mr. Brown go to his office every day?
→ ………………………………………………………………………
11……… you want cream and sugar in your coffee?
→ ………………………………………………………… ………….
12….…….the children go to bed very early?
→ ………………………………………………………………………
13 ……. …that girl come from South Africa?
KĐ: S + V
2
…
PĐ: S + did not + V
1
…
NV: Did + S + V
1
…?
KĐ: S + was/ were + adj
PĐ: S + was/ were + adj
NV: Was/ Were + S + adj…?
- Yesterday : hơm qua
- last week / month / year : tu n / tháng / năm tr c ầ ướ
- Two weeks ago : 2 tu n cách nayầ
- In 1995 : năm 1995
- When S was young/ little boy
Tuthienbao.com
→ …………………………………………………………….………
14…………you know that Italian student?
→ ……………………………………………………………… ……
15…………Miss Lan prefer coffee to tea?
→ …………………………………………………………… ………

16…………your English lessons seem very difficult?
→ …………………………………………………………… ………
Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the simple past tense.
22. He …………………………….…(live) in London last year.
23. He ……………………… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985.
24. They ………………………… (sell) their house several days ago.
25. When…………….…you ………….… (see) her ?
26. ………………… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came.
27. She ………………….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday.
28. I …………………… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning.
29. I……………………… …… (study) music when I was at school.
30. They ……………………………… (sell) their house last year.
31. They ………………………….…(walk) to the corner two days ago.
32. Professor . ………………………….…(teach) another class last year.
33. We ………………………….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000.
34. He ……………………………… … (meet) his friends some days ago.
35. We ……………………….…….(speak) to our friends last week.
Exercise 4: Make intergotive and nagative form from these sentences.
36. Jack went to the shop.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………… ?
→ …………………………………………………………………………………
37. He bought some eggs.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………. ?
→ ………………………………………………………………………………
38. He took off his hat.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………. ?
→ ………………………………………………………………………………
39. Joe fell and hurt his arm.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………….?
→ ………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 5: Put (DID , WAS or WERE ) into the brackets.
40. Where …………………………… you born? Where ………………… ….…… your mother born?
41. When ………………….………………………………………… you start school?
42. How many schools ………………………………………………………………….you go to ?
43. What ……………………………………………………………. your favourite subject?
44. Where …………… you live when you ………………………….……… a child?
45. ………………………………………………………………… they live in a house or a flat?
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
46. I was late for school this morning because my alarm clock didn’t ………
A. go on B. go off C. go away D. go up
48. I was born and grew up on the ……………… of the Red River.
A. shops B. restaurants C. offices D. banks
49. Mr. Lam goes to work on foot once a week. It means he ………… walks to work.
A. never B. sometimes C. often D. usually
50. My aunt is a ……………. teacher.
A. history B. historic C. historical D. historian
51. “……………… do you get to school ?” “ By bike.”
A. What B. How C. How often D. How far
52. When I was a child, I usually ………… fishing with my brother.
A. go B. went C. gone D. use to go
53. We ………………… dinner at home on Saturdays.
A. haven’t had B. didn’t had C. aren’t have D. don’t have
Tuthienbao.com
54. Are you contented ………………… your present job, Mrs. Tuyet?
A. to B. for C. with D. of
55. What time is the flight ………………… to arrive?
A. due B. plan C. thought D. bound
Exercise 7: Choose the best answer.
1. Water at 100 degree Centigrade.
A. boil B. boils C. boiling D. is boiling

2. George ____________ to the movies very often.
A. not go B. don’t go C. doesn’t go D. not to
3. How many languages ____________?
A. do you speak B. are you speak C. are you speaking D. will you speak
4. The swimming pool at 9.00 am and ____________ at 6.30 pm
A. open/ close B. opens / closes C. opens/ close D. open / closes
5. I____________ your telephone number.
A. not know B. don’t know C. don’t knew D. am not knowing
6. Bad students never ____________ hard
A. works B. work C. are working D. is working
7. Those children ____________for 2 hours every afternoon.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. are sleeping
8. Light ____________ faster than sound.
A. travels B. travels C. travel D. is travelling
9. He usually____________ his work before 5 o’clock
A. finish B. finishes C. is finishing D. finishing
19. They ____________to Ha Long for their last summer vacation.
A. go B. are going C. was going D. went
20. She ____________ to brush her teeth yesterday.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. was forgetting
21. Ba ____________his room yesterday afternoon.
A. clean and tidy B. cleaned and tidied C. cleaned and tidy
22. Why____________ you come yesterday?
A. can not B. can’t C. don’t D. couldn’t

WH-QUESTION
A. PH N LÝ THUY TẦ Ế
I. Question words used as subject. ( T đ h i dùng làm ch t )ừ ể ỏ ủ ừ
Wh-question V O ?
Who teaches you English every day?

# Who do you teach English every day?
II. Question words use as objects or modifiers.(T đ h i dùng làm tân ng ho cừ ể ỏ ữ ặ
b ng ) ổ ữ Wh-question aux.V S Vm O ?
Aux. V: auxiliary verb tr đ ng tợ ộ ừ
Vm: main verb đ ng t chínhộ ừ
L u ý:ư Đ i v i thì nào thì m n tr đ ng t t ng ng. Đ i v i đ ng t khi m khuy t (ố ớ ượ ợ ộ ừ ươ ứ ố ớ ộ ừ ế ế can,
could, may, shall, should) thì ta m n đ ng t khi m khuy t làm tr đ ng t .ượ ộ ừ ế ế ợ ộ ừ
Question words To ask about Example
Who H i v ng iỏ ề ườ Who is your English
teacher?
What H i ng i, v t, s vi c, sỏ ườ ậ ự ệ ự
ki n ệ
What happened last night?
Where H i n i ch nỏ ơ ố Where do you live?
When H i th i gianỏ ờ When did you buy this book?
Which H i s ch n l aỏ ự ọ ự Which class do you like?
Why H i lý doỏ Why were you late?
Whose H i s h uỏ ở ữ Whose pen is this?
How H i cách th c, ch t l ngỏ ứ ấ ượ How old is she?
• What:
 What…be (look) like? H i v s miêu t : ỏ ề ự ả What is the weather like
in Ha Noi?
 What + noun (color, subject, kind of, size…) H i v chi ti t: ỏ ề ế What
color is it?
 What time H i th i gian c th ỏ ờ ụ ể What
time do you often get up?
• How + Adj/Adv H i v m c đ tính ch t: ỏ ề ứ ộ ấ How deep is this river?
 How far H i v kho ng cách ỏ ề ả
 How long H i đ dài / th i gian: ỏ ộ ờ How long have you been staying here?
 How many/much H i v s l ng: ỏ ề ố ượ How many students are there in the class?

 How often H i v đ th ng xuyên: ỏ ề ộ ườ How often do you go to the cinema?
Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences.
1. Miss Phuong went home early.
→ Why ……………………… …….……………………………… …?
2. I met Phong’s father .
→ Who …………………………… ………………………… ……… ?
3 . they wanted something .
→ What ………………………………… …………………… … ………?
4. The machine cost a lot of money.
→ How much money …………………………………………… …….…………?
5. The meeting finished at 7 o’clock.
→ What time …………………… …………………… … ……………… ?
6. My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.
MWhere
7. We often have dinner at 7:00 pm.
W What time
8. I am reading an English book at the moment.
What
9. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.
I How long
10. She speaks English very fluently.
SHow
11. I have written over twenty novels.
I How many
12. This street is twenty kilometers long.
THow long
13. I spent 10 dollars on this shirt.
I How much
14. I have been learning English for 5 years.
I How long

15. She will be married to a rich man.
S Who
16. Tom goes to the library twice a week.
T How often
17. I went to school late because I missed the bus.
Tuthienbao.com
Why
18. She is a doctor.
What
19. They were watching a game show.
What
20. He like studying Math.
HWhat subject
21. The weather is very nice in this country.
What
22. She wanted to become an English teacher.
SWhat
23. They are cutting trees in the forest for wood.
For what
24. They are coming to visit tomorrow.
TWhen
25. He is going to work right now.
HWhere
26. She talked to him for an hour.
S How long
Exercise 3: Make questions from the words given.
17. does / what time / get up / she
→ ………………………………………….… ………………… ?
– At seven o’clock.
18. for / does / have / breakfast / she / what

→………………………………………… …… ……………? – A bread and an egg.
19. to work / she / does / go / how
→ ………………………………………… ………….………… ?
– By bus.
20. she / does / what / in the evening / do
→ ………………………………………… …… ………… ? – She watches television.
21. bed / time / does / go to / what / she
→ …………………………………………………………… ? – At nine o’clock.
I. Đ ng t đi v i gerundộ ừ ớ :
admit : th a nh n ừ ậ
anticipate : li u tr c ệ ướ
appreciate : đánh giá cao
avoid : tránh
be worth : đáng (đ c)ượ
can’t help : không th tránhể
complete : ho n thành ả
consider : xem xét, can nh c ắ
defer : hoãn l iạ
delay : trì hoãn
deny : ph nh nủ ậ
dislike / detest : không thích
dread : sợ
encourage : khuy n khích ế
enjoy : thích
escape : thoát kh iỏ
fancy : thích
finish : hoàn thành
involve : bao g m, liên quanồ
keep : ti p t cế ụ
mind : ng iạ

postpone : trì hoãn
practise : luy n t pệ ậ
resent : ph t ý, oánậ
recollect : h i t ngồ ưở
risk : li u lĩnhề
spend : dùng, trãi qua
suggest : g i ý, đ nghợ ề ị
tolerate : ch u đ ng, tha thouị ư
understand : hi u ể
forgive : tha thứ
encourage : khuy n khíchế
imagine : t ng t ngưở ượ
mention : đ c p ề ậ
miss : b lỏ ở
It’s no use / good : Vô ích
to look forward to : mong, đ iợ
can’t bear / stand : không th ch u đ cể ị ượ
have difficulty / trouble: có v n đ , g p khóấ ề ặ
khăn
Các gi i t : on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with….ớ ừ
Ex: She admitted stealing his money.
This job involves meeting people.
Do you enjoy going to the beach?
II. Nh ng đ ng t sau đ c s d ng v i hai c u trúc:ữ ộ ừ ượ ử ụ ớ ấ
V + Ving
V + object+ to V
0
He doesn’t allow smoking in his house. He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
III. Đ ng t theo sau là Ving hay to-infinitive: (Không thay đ i nghĩa)ộ ừ ổ
begin / start : b t đ uắ ầ

can’t bear : không th ch u đ ngể ị ự
can’t stand : không th ch u đ ngể ị ự
continue : ti p t cế ụ
dread : kinh sợ
hate : ghét
like : thích
love : yêu
neglect : l làơ
prefer : thích h nơ
Ex: She began working / to work on the project.
IV. Đông t theo sau là Ving ho c to-infinitive: (thay đ i nghĩa)ừ ặ ổ

Forget: quên Don’t forget to send me a postcard. (quên đ làm)ể
I will never forget working with you. (quên đã làm)
Remember: nhớ Remember to do your homework. (nh đ làm)ớ ể
Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nh đã làm)ớ
Stop: ng ngư He stopped to smoke when he was driving. ( ng ng đ làm)ư ể
Try + to-inf : c g ngố ắ
Try + Ving : th ử
We tried to win the game, but we failed.
Have you ever tried windsurfing?
Mean + to-inf: mu nố
Mean + Ving: nghĩa là
I mean to take a trip to Canada.
A trip to Da Lat means spending much money.
Regret + to-inf : r t ti c ấ ế
Regret + Ving : h i h n ố ậ
We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted.
He regrets not going to her friend’s birthday party.
V. Đ ng t theo sau các đ ng t ộ ừ ộ ừ döôùi ñaây là V

0
:
Make: khi nế
Let: cho phép
My mother makes me study.
They let him go.
Advise recommend encourage Allow permit
Have: nhờ
Help: giúp đỡ
Used to :
Had better
Would rather….(than)
I had him wash my car.
Advertising helps (to) sell more products.
She used to help me when I lived in Dalat in 1997
You had better come back home and take a rest.
we would rather die than be slaves
I'd rather walk than take a bus
VI. Theo sau đ ng t ch giác quan là to V ho c Vộ ừ ỉ ặ
0
see
hear + O + Ving
smell
notice
When I came home I had seen someone opening the door
see
hear + O + V
0
smell
notice

I noticed an old man cross the street
VII. Động từ đi sau các động từ dưới đây thường ở dạng to V
0
Agree Offer Decide Appear Ask Would prefer Remind Enable Want
Refuse Attempt Plan Seem Expect Would like Warn Teach Learn
Promise Manage Arrange Pretend Mean Dare Force Persuade Tell
Threaten Fail Hope Afford help tend Invite get Order
Exercise 1: Underlined the correct answer.
1. I’m looking forward to ……………………….you at Christmas. ( see/ seen/ seeing )
2. Litter boys like ………………………. trees. ( climb/ climbing/ have climbed )
3. Mr.Ha decided …………………… … his new suit .(wearing/ to wear/ wear )
4. Some people are used to ……………… …. in crowded buses. (standing/ stand/ stood )
5. I dislike ………… …………………. on the subway. ( to ride/ riding/ ride )
6. I enjoy ………………………. with Miss Phuong. (to study/ studying / studied )
7. Students must practice …………………………… …….(to use/ using / use )
8. Hoa and Lan have stopped ……………….to each other. (to talk/ talking/ talks)
9. He is learning (play) ………………………… piano.
10. She asked me (give) …………………………… her my book.
11. He demanded (know) …………………………….who is responsible.
12. I expect (enter) …………………………………………graduate school.
13. I didn’t mean (hurt)……………………………….your feelings.
14. I need (have)………………………………….your opinion.
15. We are preparing (have)…………………………a party.
16. Please remember (lock) ……………………………… the door when you go away.
17. Nobody noticed John (enter)……………………… the room.
18. You had better (go) ………………………………to bed early.
19. People should (stop)………………………………… letter rubbish into rivers.
20. You needn’t (spend) ………………………………money on these things.
21. He made me (do) ………………………………………it over again.
22. Before (give) ______________evidence you must swear (speak) ______________the truth.

23. I tried (persuade) ____________________him (agree) ___________________with your proposal.
24. Your windows need (clean) _____________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you.
25. Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught.
26. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.
27. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.
28. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.
29. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.
30. People used (make) ___________________fire by (rub) _________________two sticks together.
31. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
32. If you go on (let) ______________your dog (chase) _____________________cars he will end by
(be) _____________________run over.
33. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.
34. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once.
35. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque.
36. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office.
37. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.
38. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine.
39. I have no intention of (go) _____________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my
favorite actress in such dreadful part.
40. I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the police (look)
_____________for him.
41. After (hear) ____________the conditions I decided (not enter) ____________for the competition.
42. Some people seem (have) ___________the passion for (write) _____________to the newspapers.
43. He expects me (answer) __________by return but I have no intention of (reply) __________at all.
44. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) ____________anything.
45. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.
46. There is no point in (remain) _____________in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help)
_____________the people who have (stay) _____________ there.
47. The horse won’t be well enough (run) _____________in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have)
_____________recovered from his long journey.

48. At first I enjoyed (listen) _____________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)
_____________the same story again and again.
49. He’s expecting ……………………………… (make) a trip to Ha Long Bay.
50. Students stopped ………………………(make) noise when the teacher came in.
51. Ann likes ………………………… (cook) but hate … …………………… (wash) uprcise
52. Do you agree ………………………….(lend) me some money?
53. My parents decided ………………………… (take) a taxi because it was late.
54. My watch keeps ……………………… (stop) I enjoy …………………………… (listen) to
classical music.


PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT TENSE
I. Present Perfect:
Ex: Ms Mai has already finished the work.
We haven’t seen him recently.
Have you ever been to Canada?
Cách dùng:
 Hành đ ng v a m i x y ra.ộ ừ ớ ả
I have just seen my sister in the park.
 Di n t m t hành đ ng l p đi l p l i nhi u l n trong quá kh mà không bi t r th i gian cễ ả ộ ộ ậ ậ ạ ề ầ ứ ế ỏ ờ ụ
th trong quá kh . Hành đ ng có th ti p t c x y ra hi n t i và t ng lai.ể ứ ộ ể ế ụ ả ở ệ ạ ươ
I have seen that film several times.
 Di n t m t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh kéo dài đ n hi n t i và có th x y ra trong t ngễ ả ộ ộ ả ứ ế ệ ạ ể ả ươ
lai.
Mary has lived in this house for ten years.
 Di n t m t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh mà không r th i gian.ễ ả ộ ộ ả ứ ỏ ờ
I have lost my keys.
 Di n t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh mà k t qu v n còn hi n t i ( hành đ ng đã hoàn t tể ả ộ ả ứ ế ả ẫ ở ệ ạ ộ ấ
tr c hđ hi n t i ).ướ ở ệ ạ
He has had lunch. (He is full now.)

 Di n t 1 hành đ ng ch a x y ra.ễ ả ộ ư ả
KĐ : S + has/have + V
3
PĐ : S + has/have + not
+ V
3

NV : Has/Have + S + V
3
?
I have not made any important decision yet
 Di n t m t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh và ch m d t ngay lúc nóiễ ả ộ ộ ả ứ ấ ứ
Our teacher has given three execisrs so far
Các tr ng t và gi i t đi v i thì HTHTạ ừ ớ ừ ớ :
8. Present perfect continuous :

Ex: I have been waiting for you for nearly an hour.
Gi ng nh thì HTHT nh ng nh n m nh tính liên t c.ố ư ư ấ ạ ụ
9. Past Perfect:
Ex: We had finished school before 1990.
They had studied English before they began to go to work.
Cách dùng:
 1 hành đông ch m d t tr c 1 hành đ ng khác trong quá kh .ấ ứ ướ ộ ứ
 Hành đ ng ch m d t tr c 1 th i di m trong quá kh .ộ ấ ứ ướ ớ ể ứ
Các t đi v i thì QKHT:ừ ớ
o QKHT + before + QKĐ
o QKĐ + after + QKHT
o QKĐ + as soon as + QKĐ/ QKHT
o QKĐ + until + QKĐ/ QKHT
o ngay khi ….thì, v a m i …. thìừ ớ

S + had no sooner + V
3
+ than + S + V
2
hardly + V
3
+ when + S + V
2
barely
scarcely
Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him.
= no sooner had He come home than the boss rang him.
I had hardly locked the door when he came.
= hardly had I locked the door when he came.
Ex: No sooner had we gone out than it began to rain.
Hardly had he gone to bed when he heard a shot.
Ex: He got a job after he had finished high school.
Exercise 1 : Put the verb in brackets into correct tenses : simple past, past perfect and present
perfect
1. I ………………… ……… …….a great film yesterday. (see)
2. ……… ………… ……a new car? (you ever buy)
KĐ : S + has/have + been + ving
PĐ : S + has/have not + been + ving
NV : Has/Have + S + been + ving ?
- recently = lately : g n đây ầ - in the last few years : trong vài năm qua
- already :đã - for a long time : đã lâu
- for ages : đã nhi u nămề - just : v a m i ừ ớ
- until now = up to now = up to the present
= so far : cho đ n nayế - (not) … yet : ch aư

- never : ch a bao giư ờ - ever : đã t ngừ
- before : tr c (đây)ướ - Since, for : k t khi, đã đ c ( th i gian)ể ừ ượ ờ
KĐ : S + had + V
3

PĐ : S + had not + V
3
NV : Had + S + V
3
?
3. Sue …………… ………….the flu last winter. (have)
4. A few days ago we …………… ………… to his uncle. (drive)
5. They …………… ………… bingo Wednesday afternoon. (play)
6. He ……………… ……….the bus to get there. (already take)
7. Last week my rabbit ……………… ………away. (run)
8. We …………… …………a lot last Sunday. (do)
9. …………… …………… ………… to India? (she ever be)
10. I ……………… ……………… …….him last Monday. (meet)
11. She ……………… ……………… ……….yet. (not wake up)
12. I ………………… ……………… …….her since last Thursday. (not meet)
13. Bob ……………… ……………… ………well last night. (sleep)
14. I ……………… ……………… …… a letter from her two days ago. (get)
15. They …………… ……………… ………….in Germany. (already arrive)
16. When we arrived , the dinner …………………… ……….…….(already begin).
17. She ………… ……………… …… (cry) after he ……………… ………… ……….(go).
18. They ……….………… ……… (tell) us we were too late. The train …………… …….… (leave).
19. When I ………….………….…… (get) to the theatre , the play ……………… … ….(already start).
20. John was not at home . He ………………… ……………… …….……… …(go) away.
21. The house was very quiet. Everybody ………………… …………… ……………….….(go) to bed.
22. They ………………………… ……………… ……… (not go) home until they finished their work.

23. We ……….……………….…….……….(just turn off) the lights when we heard someone at the door.
24. Everyone …………… …… (eat) dinner by the time we ………… ………(get) to the dining-room.
25. We …………………… (ask) the poster where he …………… …………… …(put) our luggage.
26. He ………………………(do) nothing before he saw me.
27 He thanked me for what I ………………… ………………… (do).
28. I …………………… …………(be) sorry that I had hurt him.
29. After they had gone, I ………………… ………………(sit) down and ………… …………….(rest).
30. He ………………………………… (die) after he ………………………… (be) ill a long time.
31. As soon as you ……………… …………… (go), I ……………… ……….(want) to see you again.
32. Before you ……………………….(go) very far, we found that we ………….…………(lose) our way.
33. My friend …………………… ………(not see) me for many years when I met him.
34. My father …………………… ………….(tell) me he …………… …………….(give) up smoking.
35. He ………………… ……………(be) late because he ……………… …………(have) an accident.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
36. When I was young, I received some …… training from my father.
A. science B. scientific C. scientist D. scientifically
37. We must send ………….aid to the refugees.
A. human B. humanism C. humane D. humanitarian
38. Nowadays, more and more young people want to have a university …… .
A. educate B. education C. educator D. educational
39. The purpose of the test is to ………. the weight of the chemical element.
A. ease B. interrupt C. determine D. receive
40. In the 19
th
century, it was ………… for a woman to become a doctor.
A. can’t B. impossible C. couldn’t D. incapable
41. He took …………the position that his father had obtained at the college.
A. on B. to C. up D. in
42. Tran Hieu Ngan was the first Vietnamese athlete … an Olympic medal.
A. to win B. winning C. won D. had won

43. After it …………….dry for two months, it rained heavily last night.
A. was B. has been C. had been D. would be
44. Jane had gone to the supermarket ………she got home.
A. as soon as B. after C. when D. before
45. When I ……….to visit him, he ……….to work.
A. came / gone B. came/ had gone C. had come/went D. had come/had gone
46. When I first ……….abroad to study, I ………. in a dormitory before.
A. travelled - was never lived B. had travelled – never lived
C. travelled - had never lived D. was living – had never lived
47. After the … death of her husband, Marie Curie took up his position at the Sorbonne.
A. tragic B. tragedy C. tragical D. tragically
48. Marie Curie was … … the Nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the atomic weight of
radium.
A. won B. awarded C. dedicated D. devoted
49. It rained yesterday after it ………… dry for months.
A. was B. have been C. had been D. was being
50. When you phone me, it …………my lunchtime.
A. was B. is C. being D. were

The + Adj, Used To + Infinitive, Which As A Connector
I. The + adjective
• Ph n lí thuy tầ ế
The + adjective đ c dùng nh m t danh t đ ch m t nhóm và có nghĩa s nhi u.ượ ư ộ ừ ể ỉ ộ ố ề
They are going to build a new school for the blind.
The rich are not always happy.
II. Used to
• Ph n lí thuy tầ ế
Form: used to V
o
Use: Dùng đ di n t m t thói quen, m t tình hu ng trong quá kh mà nay không còn.ể ễ ả ộ ộ ố ứ

• Ph n th c hànhầ ự
Exercise 1 Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
1. My father used to (smoke) __________ 30 cigarrettes a day.
2. He is used to (write) ________ with his right hand.
3. When I was young, I (not use) to go out for a walk.
4. __________you (use to) live here?
5. There used to (be) ___________trees in this area.
Exercise 2: Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence.
disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured
1 . …………………………… have to help …………………………. .
2. …………….….in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately.
3. The little boy is helping ………………………cross the street.
4. …… … and…………. use a system of sign language to communicate with each other.
5. The government should take an urgent step to help …………………… .
6. Don’t make fun of ………………………………… .
Exercise 3: Choose the correct word between brackets.
7. The rich (is / are ) ………… not always happy.
8. The poor (is / are )……………not always unhappy.
9. The dead never …………….( return / returns ).
10. The lazy can never …………….( succeeds / succeed ).
11. The young ( have / has ) ……………the future in their hand.
Exercise 4 : Use “WHICH” to combine each pair of sentences.
12. John is always late for class. This annoys the teacher.
……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………
13. People today put advertisements on TV or in newspapers. This makes it possible to produce
more things to sell.
………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… ……
14. He passed the exam with high grades. This made everybody in the family pleased.
…………………………… ………………………………………… ……………… …….
15. We have lost her phone number. This makes it difficult to contact her.

………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… ……
16. Jane couldn’t come to my birthday party. This made me feel sad.
……………………………………………………………………………… ……………… ………
17. She has promised herself to be on time to work everyday. That is a good idea.
……………………………………………………………………………… ……………… ………
18. Tim has found a new job. That is lucky.
…………………… ………………………………………………………… ……………… ……
19. She usually comes to work on time. That pleases her boss.
……………………………………………………………………………… ……………… ……….
20. A dictionary is a book. This gives you the meaning of words.
……………………………………………………………………………… ……………… ……
Exercise 5: Choose the correct word between brackets.
21. He ……………… …… wear a pair of glasses. (used to / use to / used)
22. “Are you a bus driver ? ” - “ No, not anymore, but I ……… …. .” (used to / used to be / use to be )
23. When a boy I ……… ……… … a kite in the afternoon. (would to fly /used to fly/ have flown)
24. He …… … …arrive at the office on time.(used always to/used to always/always used to)
25. Susan………… ……early when she stayed with us. (has got up/ used to get up/ gets up).
26. Jimmy and Maria were mischievous children. They ……… …………tricks on their teacher, which
always got them into a lot of trouble. ( could have played / could play / used to play )
27. He ………… ……here but he doesn’t work here now. (has worked/ used to work/ used to working )
28. “Do the Smiths live next door to you ? ”
“No, but they …………….………… … ….………(used to do / used to did / used to )”
29. The dog would bark until someone opened the gate. That’s what he ………… …… ……… …….
(is used to doing / is used to / used to do )
30. When I was your age, I …………… ……… ……………. for the cinema.
(used to pay 5p / used paid 5p / used to pay 5p )
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer.
31. He rushed into the burning building, ……… was very brave.
A. it B. who C. that D. which
32. My father didn’t …………………coffee for breakfast.

A. used to have B. use to have C. use to having D. use be having
33. Without the Braille Alphabet it would be very difficult for ………
A. disabled B. the deaf C. the mute D. the blind
34 . Thuy’s class is different ………other classes because the children are disabled.
A. on B. from C. in D. at
35. The little boy is helping…………… cross the street.
A. the poor B. the rich C. the blind D. the young
35. Many people lost their home in the Earthquake. The government is trying
to establish more shelters to care for ………………
A. the childless B. the homeless C. the blind D. the deaf
36 . The government should have special policies to help the ……………. .
A. disable B. disabled C. disability D. disablement
37. I ………….up late at night.
A. use to stay B. am used to stay C. used to staying D. am used to staying
38 . The blind child …………… a great effort to learn “Braille ”.
A. did B. got C. made D. created
39 . There was a lot of …………….from the local residents.
A. oppose B. opposite C. opponent D. opposition
40 . I’d like to introduce you to Mrs. Thuy, ……… is the teacher of this special class.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
41. The children will learn how …………….sums.
A. to do B. doing C. do D. will do
42 . We ……….for the delay in answering your letter.
A. sorry B. regret C. apologize D. excuse
43. very few people can ……….my name correctly.
A. pronoun B. pronounce C. announce D. allow
44 . The blind ……… unable to see anything.
A. is B. are C. am D. have
45 . He said it was right that …………… should beg.
A. blind B. the blinds C. the blind D. the blindness

Exercise 7: Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that need correcting.
46. Jane couldnt come to my birthday party, this made me feel sad.
A B C D
47. Dennis used to smoking a lot a year ago.
A B C D
48. Mr. Thuy doesnt mind taking care for disabled children.
A B C D
49. It took him a long time to get used to drive on the left.
A B C D
50. Check cards are used for replace money.
A B C D

PRESENT PERFECT, PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE, AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS
I. The present perfect tense ( Thỡ hi n t i hon thnh )
( + ) S + have / has + P2
Ex: John has just cleaned the floor.
( - ) S + have / have + not + P2
Ex: They have not received their salary yet.
( ? ) Have / Have + S + P2 ?
Ex: Have the students finished doing the homeworks ?
Notes: You / we / they / plural noun / I have
She / he / it / single noun has
II. Passive voice with present perfect.
Active : S + have / has + P2 + O

Passive : S + have / has + been + P2 + by .
Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1 . She (wait) for two hours to see you.
2. She (be) to America.
3. John (see) that film several times.

4. They (live) in this street for a long time.
5. She . (not speak) to me since last week.
6. We (study) every lesson in the book, so far.
7. I .(have) three colds this winter.
8. Up to now, John .(work) very hard.
Exercise 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ
đơn.
9. They (sell) their house several days ago.
10. John (work) for this company since 1980.
11. Linda is working in this department. She (work) here for two years.
12. Many people in this class (see) this beautiful house several times.
13. They (live) in London from 1970 to 1990.
14. They .(live) in China since 2000.
15. We . .(study) English at this school for a month.
16. Our present teacher (live) in this city all of his life.
17. This boy .(not / finish) his homework yet.
18. I (speak) to him about your work several times already.
19. .you . (ever travel) to China before ?
20. he ..(receive) a letter just a few minutes ago.
21. I (not / see) John recently.
22. Its the third time you ..(lose) your key.
23. This is one of the best books I .(ever read).
24. You . .(put) your book on my desk last night.
Exercise 3: Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form.
25. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia.
26. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S.
27. How many times have you / have you been fired?
28. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation.
29. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert .
30. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million.

31. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker.
32. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management.
Exercise 4: Fill in the gap with a suitable relative pronoun.
33. Have you got the money ……… …………… I lent you yesterday.
34. The man ………………… …… I had seen before wasn’t at the party.
35. This is a machine ………… …………… cost half a million pounds.
36. She’s the singer ……… ……… has just signed a contract with a recording company.
37. I don’t understand people ………… …………. hate animals.
38. The girl ………… …….was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.
39. What was the name of the man ………… …………lent you the money.
Exercise 5: Arrange the words in each line so as to have a correct sentence.
40. How / you / English / have / learnt / long?
…………………………………… ………… …………………………………………………
41. English / I / for / learnt / years / now / have / ten
…………………………………… …… …………………………………………………….
42. started / Have / you / French / to / learnt / yet ?
…………………………………… ……………… …………………………………………
43. We / already / school / have / the / in / our / since / language / 1990 / studied
…………………………………… ………………… ………………………………………
44. Have / yet / you / London / visited
………………………………… …………………… ………………………………………
45. Have / Scotland / you / yet / been / to
………………………………… ……………………… …………………………………….
III. Relative pronouns
• Relative pronouns
 Who: who là đ i t quan h ch ng i đ ng sau danh t ch ng i đ làm ch t cho đ ng tạ ừ ệ ỉ ườ ứ ừ ỉ ườ ể ủ ừ ộ ừ
đ ng sau nó.ứ
The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike
 Whom: whom là đ i t quan h ch ng i, đ ng sau danh t ch ng i đ làm tân ng cho đ ngạ ừ ệ ỉ ườ ứ ừ ỉ ườ ể ữ ộ
t đ ng sau nó.ừ ứ


Whom làm tân ngũ có th đ c b đi trong m nh đ quan h xác đ nh.ể ượ ỏ ệ ề ệ ị
That is the girl whom I told you about.
 Which: which là đ i t quan h ch v t, đ ng sau danh t ch v t đ làm ch t hay tân ng choạ ừ ệ ỉ ậ ứ ừ ỉ ậ ể ủ ừ ữ
đ ng t đ ng sau nó. ộ ừ ứ

Which làm tân ng có th đ c b đi trong m nh đ quan h xác đ nh.ư ể ượ ỏ ệ ề ệ ị
Which còn thay th cho c m t m nh đ đ ng tr c.ế ả ộ ệ ề ứ ướ
Mary is late for school today, which is an strangeness.
The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.
This is the book which I like best.
 That: That là đ i t quan h ch c ng i l n v t. ạ ừ ệ ỉ ả ườ ẫ ậ That có th đ c dùng thay cho ể ượ who, whom,
which trong m nh đ quan h xác đ nh.ệ ề ệ ị
This is the book that I like best.
That luôn đ c dùng sau các danh t h n h p (g m c ng i l n v t), sau các đ i tượ ừ ổ ợ ồ ả ườ ẫ ậ ạ ừ
everything, something, anything, all little, much, none và sau d ng so sánh nh t.ạ ấ
 Whose: Whose là đ i tạ ừ quan h ch s h u. Whose đ ng sau danh t ch ng i ho c v t vàệ ỉ ở ữ ứ ừ ỉ ườ ặ ậ
thay cho tính t s h u ho c s h u cách tr c danh t . Whose luôn đi kèm v i m t danh t .ừ ở ữ ặ ở ữ ướ ừ ớ ộ ừ
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
• Relative adverbs
 When: When là tr ng t quan h ch th i gian, đ ng sau danh t ch th i gian. When đ c thayạ ừ ệ ỉ ờ ứ ừ ỉ ờ ượ
cho at/on/in + danh t th i gian ừ ờ ho cặ then.
May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.
 Where: Where là tr ng t quan h ch n i ch n, đ ng sau danh t ch n i ch n. Where đ cạ ừ ệ ỉ ơ ố ứ ừ ỉ ơ ố ượ
thay th cho ế at/on/in + danh t n i ch n ừ ơ ố ho cặ there.
Do you know the country where I was born?
 Why: Why là tr ng t quan h ch lí do. ạ ừ ệ ỉ Why thay cho for which.
Relative pronoun
(Đ i t quan h )ạ ừ ệ
Noun replaced

(Danh t đ c thay th )ừ ượ ế
Functions
(Ch c năng)ứ
Who Danh t ch ng iừ ỉ ườ Làm ch tủ ừ
Whom Danh t ch ng iừ ỉ ườ Làm tân ngữ
Which Danh t ch v từ ỉ ậ Làm ch t ho c tânủ ừ ặ
ngữ
that Danh t ch ng i,v t, thay th choừ ỉ ườ ậ ế
which,whom,who
trong m nh đ h n đ nhệ ề ạ ị
Làm ch t ho c tânủ ừ ặ
ngữ
whose Tính t s h u ho c s h u cáchừ ở ữ ặ ở ữ Làm ch t ho c tânủ ừ ặ
ngữ
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer.
1. The paintings _________are marked with small red dot have already been sold.
a. which b. who c. whose d. whom
2. The secretary _________is sitting at the first desk on the right can give you the information.
a. who b. whom c. where d. which
3. The shoes _________I bought were made in Italy.
a. where b. which c. who d. it
4. I wrote to the girl _________I met at the meeting.
a. whom b. whose c. which d. her
5. The speech _________we listened last night was informative.
a. which b. that c. to which d. to that
6. Dr. Jones is the professor _________ I told you.
a. whom b. who c. that d. all are correct
7. The student _________parents you just met is one of my classmates.
a. who b. which c. whose d. whom
8. The pianist _______played at the corner last night is internationally famous.

a. whose b. he c. whom d. who
9. The woman _________lives next door to us is a doctor.
a. that b. whom c. who d. a and c
10. Mr. Green is the man _________ I was talking about.
a. whom b. who c. which d. whose
11. That is the place _________the accident occurred.
a. which b. where c. when d. who
12. The restaurant _________Bob recommended was too expensive.
a. where b. which c. whose d. when
13. There was time ____________movies cost a dime.
a. which b. that c. whose d. when
14. Paul O’Grady, ____________died a few years ago, was a kind and loving man.
a. whom b. that c. who d. which
15. Bogota, ____________is the capital city of Columbia, is a cosmopolitan city.
a. who b. that c. which d. where
16. I enjoy talking to the people ____________ I had dinner with last night.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. when
17. Sally lost her job, ____________wasn’t surprise.
a. which b. who c. whom d. that
18. I have three brothers, ____________are professional athletes.
a. two of whom b. who of two c. two of that d. whom of two
19. The boy to ____________ I lend my money is poor.
a. who b. that c. whom d. whose
20. The land and the people ____________ I have met are nice.
a. that b. who c. which d. whose
Exercise 7: Choose the best answer.
46. My aunt has just bought an …………… cooker.
A. electric B. electrical C. electricity D. electrician
47. A …………is used to copy the information from a computer on to paper.
A. photocopier B. printer C. speaker D. mouse

48. This robot is …………….of doing almost anything you ask.
A. able B. possible C. capable D. could
49. The Internet helps us to interact ………other people around the world.
A. to B. from C. of D. with
49. Robert is going to be famous someday. He ………… in three movies already.
A. appeared B. had appeared C. has appeared D. has been appearing
50. The chemistry book ………… was a little expensive.
A. that I bought it B. I bought that C. what I bought D. that I bought
51. Do you remember Mrs. Huong, ………… taught us English.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
52. I have been in this city for a long time. I …….here sixteen years ago.
A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come
53. The man died because medical help was not helped. A doctor should … … immediately.
A. have called B. been called C. called D. have been called
54. What makes a computer such a ………….device?
A. miracle B. miraculous C. miraculously D. wonder
55. Computers are capable ……… doing almost anything you ask.
A. in B. at C. of D. with
56. You can relax with computer games or by listening to ……….music.
A. computer – played B. computers – played
C. computer - playing D. computers – playing
57. Quoc Hoc High School, ……… we are studying, is a famous school in Vietnam.
A. which B. that C. where D. in where
58. My father has bought me an …………….computer.
A. economical B. electrical C. electric D. electronic
59. This is the last time I ……….an exercise like this.
A. do B. did C. have done D. would do
60. You may borrow my bike ……… you are careful with it .
A. as much as B. as long as C. even if D. expected
61. What is your ……………subject at school ?

A. preferred B favourite C. liked D. rather
62. A new hospital ………………in the area lately.
A. was built B. was being built C. has built D. has been built
63. This box ………….for a long time yet .
A. hasn’t been opened B. hadn’t been opened
C. wasn’t opened D. wasn’t being opened
64. The man ……… I had seen before wasn’t at the party.
A. whom B. that C. x D. all are correct
65. A computer is a ……… typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of document.
A. magically B. magical C. magic D. magician
66. Can you help me find the man …………saved the girl?
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
Tuthienbao.com
67. None of the students ……… in our this problem yet.
A. have been solving B. have solved C. were solving D. were solved
68. All of those ………….in favour of the motion, raise your hands.
A. who are B. who is C. whom are D. whom is
69. I’d like to live in a country ………….there is plenty of snow in winter.
A. which B. where C. which D. both B&C
70. John …………….to executive manager of an advertising company.
A. has just been promoted B. has just been promoting
C. has just promoted D. is promoting
71. How much money ……………….for your vacation ?
A. are you saved B. have you been saved
C. have you saved D. were you saved
72. We ………….to Da Lat several times. It’s a foggy city.
A. were B. have been C. were being D. would go
73. Fax machines were a wonder……………at the time.
A. inventive B. invention C. discover D. discovery
74. Please ……………… the mess.

A. excuse B. mind C. remember D. miss
75. They have made a lot of progress …… the country became independent.
A. for B. since C. before D. until

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE & “BE GOING TO”
I. Present continuous:
Ex: She is studying English now.
They aren’t singing at present.
What are you doing now?
Dùng đ di n đ tể ễ ạ :
 Hành đ ng di n ra hi n t i.ộ ễ ở ệ ạ
 D đ nh trong t ng lai.ự ị ươ
Các tr ng t th i gian đi v i thì HTTDạ ừ ờ ớ
Ex: They are visiting their aunt next month.
II. Near future (thì tương lai gần
- Diễn ta hành động sắp sửa xảy ra.
* Thường thường trong câu không có cụm từ chỉ thời gian, hành
động đã chắc chắn.
Exercise 1
1. John (read) …………………………………………… a book now.
2. What (you do) …………………………………………… tonight?
3. Jack and Peter (work) …………………………………………… late today.
4. Silvia (not listen) …………………………………………… to music.
5. Maria (sit) …………………………………………… next to Paul.
KĐ: S + am / is / are + Ving …
PĐ: S + am / is / are + not + Ving …
NV: Am / Is ? Are + S + Ving …?
- now : bây giờ
- right now : ngay bây gi ờ
- at present : hi n t i ệ ạ

- at the moment : ngay lúc này
- this week / month / year : tu n / tháng / năm nàyầ
- these days : nh ng ngày nàyữ
KĐ: S + am/is/are going to Vo
PĐ: S + am/is/are not going to Vo …
NV: Am / Is ? Are + S + going to Vo …?
6. How many other students (you study) …………………………………………… with?
7. The phone (not ring) ……………………………………………
8. (it start) to rain? ……………………………………………
9. (Sue study) …………………………………………… to become a doctor?
10. (you take) …………………………………………… your daughter with you?
11. (the dog play) …………………………………………… with the kids?
12. (they come) t…………………………………………… onight?
13. She (read) …………………………………………… an English book.
14. They (listen) …………………………………………… to rock music.
15. We (drink) …………………………………………… lemonade.
16. Are you (study) …………………………………………… Japanese?
17 I (eat) …………………………………………… a hamburger.
18. Is she (speak) …………………………………………… Spanish?
19. You (watch/not) …………………………………………… TV.
20. It (sleep) …………………………………………… on the sofa.
21. Am I (wear) …………………………………………… a black t-shirt?
22. They (go/not) …………………………………………… to school.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with “BE GOING TO” and a verb or expression from the box Leave,
snow, drive, be sick, jump, have a job interview, be late, study together
1 . Look at that man on the bridge! I think he ………………………………
2. I don’t feel well. I think I ………………………………………………
3. It’s so cold and look at those clouds! I think it …………………………
4. This film is so boring. We ………………………………………………
5. Sally’s wearing her best clothes. She ……………………………………

6. Hurry up! It’s nearly ten o’clock! You ……………………………………
7. “Are you free tonight ? ” “I am sorry, I’m going to meet Jack at the library at 7. We
……… …….”
18. “Do you want to walk to the shop ? ” “No, I ……………………………………………… …….”
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer.
19. Tom and I ………………to Mary’s birthday party together.
A. am going B. are going C. will go D. are going to go
20. You have heard she isn’t coming to the meeting, ……………….?
A. is she B. haven’t you C. aren’t you D. hasn’t she
21. I will try to ………………….her to go with us.
A. persuade B. suggest C. propose D. offer
22. This semester in geography we have studied rock ……………….
A. information B. formal C. informal D. formations
23. We are going to make a two-day ………………to visit Huong Pagoda.
A. travel B. excursion C. voyage D. gone
24. I know that he ……………… in the library at this moment.
A. works B. has worked C. is working D. was working
25. She ………………sixteen years old next Saturday.
A. is B. is going to C. will be D. has
26. I …………….our teacher tomorrow, so I shall give him your note.
A. have seen B. going to see C. shall have seen D. am seeing
27. I think they’re going to visit Sa Pa, …………….?
A. aren’t they B. are they going C. do I D. don’t I
28. Our class …………… a picnic at Thay Pagoda this Sunday.
A. am having B. will has C. is going to have D. go to have
29. Where is your father? – He …………….in his office.
A. works B. has worked C. is working D. worked
30. At this time tomorrow, we ……… on the train to Ho Chi Minh City.
A. will be sitting B. will sit C. will have sat D. would sit
31. We have run out of milk. – Oh, have we ? I ………………and get some.

A. would go B. will go C. will be going D. was going
32. We are going on a …………………to Vung Tau next week.
A. two day trip B. two-days trip C. two-day trip D. twoday trip
33. I’m afraid my parents do not allow me …………….on a long journey.
A. going B. to go C. to going D. will go
34. Tell me about your plan, Lan. What ………….this Saturday evening?
A. are you doing B. have you done C. would you do D. will you be doing
35. The local authorities …… … this market to build a new school for the children in the area
next month.
A. will demolish B. are going to demolish
C. will be demolished D. both A & B are correct.
36. Can you come next weekend? – Sorry , we’d love to, but we ……… to the countryside to
visit our relatives.
A. have gone B. will have gone C. are going D. would go
37. They are going ………… a boat trip on the Themes.
A. for B. in C. at D. on
38. I can’t talk now. I ……………… the dinner.
A. was cooking B. am cooking C. will be cooking D. have cooked
39. All of my friends ………… for the same job.
A. applied B. intended C. requested D. referred
40. The first term is coming to ………and my school is going to ……some days off.
A. an end- to have B. end-having C. a end-have D. an end- have had
41. We believe we’re going to enjoy good weather with ………….sunshine.
A. a lot of B. lots of C. plenty of D. all are correct
42. Please be quiet while the teacher ……………… the lesson.
A. explains B. was explaining C. is explaining D. explained
43. Be careful! The bus ……………… near.
A. will come B. will be coming C. is coming D. has come
44. We ………………from school by the end of June.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. have graduated D. had graduated

Because of & Inspite of
Because + Clause
Because of + V – ing / Noun phrase
Although / Though + Clause
Inspite of / Despite + V – ing / Noun phrase
*
B. Exercises
Exercise 1: Supply either “BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF” as
appropriate.
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter …………….…the sender had written the wrong
address
on the
envelope.
2. We decided to leave early ………… …………….the party was
boring.
3. Rescue attempts were temporarily………………… …the bad
weather.
4. They visited their friends often ……………………they enjoyed their
company.
5. Paul can’t go to the football game ……………………………his
grades.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship……………….her superiors scholastic
ability
7. Nobody ventured outdoor ……………………… the hurricane
warning.
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains ………… the air is purer
there
9. We have to drive around the bay …………… the bridge was destroyed in the
storm.

10. The chickens have died …………….the intense
heat.
Exercise 2: Replace the underlined words by the words in
parentheses.
11. D e

s p i

te her dislikes coffee, she drank it to keep herself
warm.
→ Although
…………………………………………………………………
12. Mary will take a plane, e

v e

n

thou g h she dislikes
flying.
→ In spite of
…………………………………………………………………
13. I n

s

pite

of Lan’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to
smile.

→ Although
…………………………………………………………………
14. We took many pictures t

hou g h the sky was
cloudy.
→ Despite
…………………………………………………………………
15. D e

s p i

te her poor money, the old woman told interesting stories to the
children.
→ Even though
……………………………………………………………
16. T hou g h he has been absent frequently, he managed to pass the
test.
→ In spite of
…………………………………………………………………
17. Nancy told me the secret d e

s p i

t e having promised not to do
so.
→ Though
…………………………………………………………………
18. We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing a

l t

ho ug h we know we will not win a
prize
→ Even though
…………………………………………………………
Exercise 4: Putting the verbs into the Present Perfect
Tense.
19. I ………………………… (live) here since
1970.
20. The cat ………………………(sit) in front of the fire since
tea-time.
21. ………….you …………….(be) to the zoo
?
22. I’m afraid you ……………………………….(look) at the wrong
one.
23. ……………you …………….(wait) long for me
?
24. Yes! I …………………….(stand) here in the rain for half an
hour.
25. He ………………(learn) English for three years, but he can’t even read a newspaper
yet.
26. This watch was working all right a moment ago but now it
……….(stop).
27. Lunch is not quite ready yet, although I ………… (cook) all the
morning
28. Look! That light ………………… (burn) all
night.

Reported speech – Statement

A- Theory
1. Statements
When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
 pronouns
 present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
 place and time expressions
 tenses (backshift )
Type Example
direct
speech
“I speak English.”
reported
speech
(no
backshif t )
He says that he
speaks English.
reported
speech
(backshift
)
He said that he spoke
English.
* Some notes when changing direct speech into reported speech.
direct speech reported speech
now
tomorrow
next Sunday
In two weeks
Then

The fol lowing day / the day
after
The next Sunday
Today
Yesterday
Next week
Last week
Here
This
At present
In two weeks’ time
That day
The day before / the
previous day
The following week
The previous week
There
That
Then
B - Exercises
Exercise 1 : Change this direct speech into reported speech:
1.They said, "We are busy."
→ They said that
2.He said, "I know a better restaurant."
→ He said that
3. She said, "I woke up early."
→ She said that
4.He said, "I will ring her."
→ He said that ………………………………………………………………………………
5.They said, "We have just arrived."

→ They said that ……………………………………………………………………………
6. He said, "I will clean the car."
→ He said that ………………………………………………………………………………
7.She said, "I did not say that."
→ She said that …………………………………………………………………………….
8.She said, "I don't know where my shoes are."
→ She said that ……………………………………………………………………………
9.He said: "I won't tell anyone."
→ He said that ……………………………………………………………………………
10.They said, "This is our book."
→ They said ………………………………………………………………………………….
11.He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow."
→ He said ………………………………………………………………………………………
12.You said, "I will do this for him."
→ You said ………………………………………………………………………………….
13.She said, "I am not hungry now."
→ She said ……………………………………………………………………………………
14. They said, "We have never been here before."
→ They said ………………………………………………………………………………
15.They said, "We were in London last week."
→ They said ………………………………………………………………………………
16.He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow."
→ He said ………………………………………………………………………………….
17.He said, "They won't sleep."
→ He said ……………………………………………………………………………………
18.She said, "It is very quiet here."
→ She said ……………………………………………………………………………………
19. “He works in a bank”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………
20. “We went out last night”

→ She told me …………………………………………………………………………
21. “I’m coming!”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………
22. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived”
→ She told me ……………………………………………………………………….
23. “ I’d never been there before”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………
24. “I didn’t go to the party”
→ She told me ………………………………………………………………………………
25. “Lucy’ll come later”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………………….
26. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast”
→ She told me ………………………………………………………………………………
27. “I can help you tomorrow”
→ She said ……………………………………………………………………………………
28. “You should go to bed early”
→ She told me …………………………………………………………………………….
29. “I don’t like chocolate”
→ She told me ………………………………………………………………………………
30. “I won’t see you tomorrow”
→ She said ………………………………………………………………………………………
31. “She’s living in Paris for a few months”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………………
32. “I visited my parents at the weekend”
→ She told me ……………………………………………………………………………….
33. “She hasn’t eaten sushi before”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………………….
34. “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………………
35. “They would help if they could”

→ She said ……………………………………………………………………………………
36. “I’ll do the washing-up later”
→ She told me ……………………………………………………………………………….
37. “He could read when he was three”
→ She said …………………………………………………………………………………
38. “I was sleeping when Julie called”
→ She said ………………………………………………………………………………….
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Reported speech – Statement ( cont )
Exercise 1: Change this direct speech into reported speech ( cont )
1.“ I’ll see you tomorrow’’ She said
2. “ I saw her today’’ She said
3. “I don’t like this film’’
⇒
She said
4. “ We went swimming today’’
⇒
She said
5. “ I’ll meet Mary on Sunday’’
⇒
She said
6. “ Peter and Sue are getting married tomorrow’’
⇒
He said
7. “I really like this furniture’’
⇒
She said
8. “ I’m meeting them at four o’clock today’’
⇒

He said
9. “ I live here with my parents’’
⇒
He said
10. “ Our new house is beautiful’’
⇒
He said
11. “ I want to be a teacher of English’’
⇒
He said
12. “ I can’t speak chinese’’
⇒
She said
13. “ My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang’’
⇒
He said
14. “ I’ll be very busy today’’
⇒
She said
15. “ I must come to the meeting tomorrow’’
⇒
He said
16.“ These roses are for you’’
⇒
She told me
17. “ I’m going away tomorrow , mother’’
⇒
He said
18. “ Nothing can grow in my garden. It never gets sun
⇒

He said
19. “ It is so foggy today’’
⇒
She said
20. “ If you answer the questions correctly, you may win us 100
⇒
She said
Exercise 2 : Choose the best answer to complete sentences.
1. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.”
> Mr Brown said that he ____ TV the night before.
A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched
2. Sandy explained, “ I saw the accident at the corner of High Street.”
> Sandy explained that ____ the accident at the corner of High Street.
A. he had seen B. I saw C. I had seen D. he saw
3. Bob said, “ We had a wonderful time at Peter’s party.”
> Bob said ____ a wonderful time at Peter’s party.
A. he had B. they had had C. we had D. we had had
4. The farmer said, “ I didn’t see her.”
> The farmer said ____ her.
A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen
5. Will and Tim said, “ We were very happy about the present.”
> Will and Tim said they ____ very happy about the present.
A. had been B. been C. were D. were being
6. Peter reported, “ We played a lot of tennis last year.”
> Peter reported that they had played a lot of tennis ____.
A. the followingyear B. the year before C. last year D. A&B are correct
7. The Clarks told us, “ We drove right down to Athens last summer.”
> The Clarks told us ____ right down to Athens ____.
A. he had driven / the summer before B. they had driven / the summer before
C. they drove / the previous summer D. he drove / last summer

8. Helen said, “ I’m watching the late night show.”
> Helen said ____ the late night show.
A. they were watching B. you watched C. she was watching D. Helen is watching
9. Peter said, “ They were interested in other countries.”
> Peter said ____ interested in other countries.
A. he had been B. he was C. they were D. they had been
10. Mrs Miller said, “I don’t feel better now.”
> Mrs Miller said she ____ feel better ____.
A. they not / now B. she doesn’t / then
C. she didn’t / then D. they didn’t / now

Conditional type 1
Conditional sentences type I ( real / true in present or future )
If - clause Main clause
S + V ( do / does ) S + V ( will do )
+ to express an action or thing which can happen at present or future
time.
Ex : If it is sunny, we will go to the beach.
+ to express a warn.
Ex : If you drop it, it wil break.
+ to express a promiss.
Ex : I’l l pick you up at the part if you phone me.
* Note : Unless = If … not
B. Exercises
Exercise 1 : Match a line in A with a line in B to make meaningful
sentences.
A B
1. If you go to Paris,
2. If we can afford it,
3. If I don’t hear from you today,

4. If the music is too loud,
5. If we don’t leave soon,
6. If there is nothing interesting
in the window,
7. If she has to work late,
8. If Peter calls,
a. we’ll be late for school.
b. go inside the store.
c. tell him I never want to see
him again.
d. we’ll buy a new car soon.
e. she’ll call you from the
office.
f. you can turn down the radio.
g. you must go to the top of
Eiffel Tower
h. I’l l call you tomorrow.
Exercise 2 : Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses in order to make present probable
condition.
1. If Liz studies hard, she ………………… (pass) her test.
2. If I have time tomorrow, I ……………….(go) shopping with you.
3. If you …………………(turn) off the light, we will be in the dark.
4. If I see Duc, I ………………………(give) him your message.
5. He …………….(send) you some information if you tell him your address
6. If Kate ……………(be) late again, she will lose her job.
7. She will be sick if she ………………….(eat) all that ice-cream.
8. If we ……….(go) out tomorrow evening, we (miss) that new programme on TV.
9. I (be) angry if it turns out that you are wrong.
10. If he (finish) with the computer, I will put it away.
11. If you leave now, you (be) home in 2 hours.

12. You (have to) finish writing it if you want to leave now.
13. If it (not rain) we will have the party outside.
14. She will ask you if she (need) help.
15. The reporter (write) about it if he has enough time.
16. If the temperature is below zero, water (freeze).
17. I (not stay) out if it starts to rain hard.
18. A dog will never bite you if you ( look ) it straight in the eyes.
19. If it snows tomorrow, I ( stay)……… at home.
20. If the weather ( be) nice tomorrow, I will go for a long walk.
Exercise 3 : Read situations and write the conditional sentence for each one.
1. Drive carefully or you will cause accident .
If …………………………………………………………………………………
2. Be quiet or you’ll wake the baby up
If …………………………………………………………………………………
3. I don’t have free time, that’s why I can’t go to see him.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
4. She never drives fast so she seldom meets accident .
 If …………………………………………………………………………………
5. He loses all his money because he isn’t careful.
If …………………………………………………………………………………