DE CUONG ANH VAN K 10 BCB

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ANH VĂN LỚP 10 – BCB
NĂM HỌC: 2010- 2011
PHẦN TỰ LUẬN:
TOPIC 1: TENSES
1. Thì hiện tại đơn:
TO BE: + S + AM/ IS/ ARE + O.
ĐTT: + S + Vs,es / Vo + O.
* Cách dùng :
a. Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen, phong tục và khả năng:
Ex: He usually goes to the cinema on Sundays.
The Thai people eat rice.
He speaks English very well.
Cách dùng này thường kết hợp với các trạng từ chỉ thường xuyên như:
Every day / week / month , always, often, usually, seldom = rarely, never, sometimes , occasionally, once a day / a
week / a month, twice a day / a week / a month.
b. Chân lý hoặc sự kiện đúng một cách hiển nhiên:
The earth goes round the sun.
2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + VING + O.
* Cách dùng:
a. Diễn tả hành động đang diển ra ở hiện tại .
Ex: What are you doing now? – I am studying English.
Father is cutting grass in the garden at present.
Cách dùng này thường được kết hợp với các từ dấu hiệu như: now, right now, at present, at the moment…
Các động từ gây chú ý như : Look ! Watch ! Listen ! Be careful! Be quiet ! …
b. Diễn tả một hành động có tính chất tạm thời, không thường xuyên.
Ex: John often gets up at seven o’clock, but this month he is on holiday and so he is getting up later.
We usually start work at 8 o’clock, but for this week only we are starting at 8:30.
c. Diễn tả một hoạch đònh tương lai.(thường đi với các động từ chỉ sự di động như: go, come, arrive …)
Ex: We are going to Hanoi next week.
* CÁCH THÊM “ING” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
Cách 1. love - loving , take – taking, write – writing, hate – hating. Nhưng : free – freeing

Cách 2: stop – stopping, run – running.
Nhưng : fix – fixing, play – playing
greet – greeting, work – working
begín – begínning, prefér – preférring Nhưng: súffer – súffering, lísten – lístening
travel – traveling , travelling , signal – signaling , signalling
Cách 3: die – dying , tie – tying, lie – lying
Những động từ sau đây phải thêm một ‘k ’trước khi thêm ING.
traffic – trafficking, panic – panicking, mimic – mimicking
3. Thì quá khứ đơn: S + WAS/ WERE + ….
S + VED/ V2 + O.
Cách dùng:
a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt ở quá khứ có thời gian xác đònh.
Ex: I met her yesterday. We learned Japanese last month.
Cách dùng này thường đi với một số từ dấu hiệu như : ago, last, yesterday, in the past, năm hoặc sự kiện xãy ra trong quá
khứ…
b. Hành động xảy ra suốt một quảng thời gian trong quá khứ:
They lived with us for a year several years ago.
During the spring vacation, the students went on a camping trip.
c. Hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ:
Ex: While her husband was in the army, she wrote to him twice a week.
Did he come to see you often? – Yes, he came every week.
When I was a boy, I used to go swimming in this river.
d. Diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ :
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Ex: She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, closed all the windows, locked the doors, and walked towards the
cinema. (Cách dùng này thường được dùng khi thuật lại các câu chuyện xảy ra trong quá khứ).
* CÁCH THÊM “ED” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
Cách 1. Thêm –d vào sau các động từ tận cùng bằng e hoặc ee:
Ex: live – lived , agree – agreed
Cách 2. Những động từ 1 vần, tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm, trước phụ âm là 1 nguyên âm (trừ h, w, x, y), chúng ta phải gấp

đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm –ed.
Ex: fit – fitted, stop – stopped
Nhưng: stay – stayed, play – played
study – studied, try – tried
heat – heated
4. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + WAS / WERE + V-ING + O.
Cách dùng:
a. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian xác đònh trong quá khứ:
EX: At 5 o’clock yesterday, he was playing tennis.
b. Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và kéo dài (hành động dài) thì có một hành động khác đồng thời xảy ra (có thể là
hđ dài hoặc hđ ngắn). HĐ dài chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, HĐ ngắn chia ở thì quá khứ đơn.
Ex: When John arrived, it was raining heavily.
While he was studying his lessons, I was watching TV.
5. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + HAS / HAVE + VED/ V3 + O.
Cách dùng:
a. Diễn tả hành động xãy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác đònh rỏ thời gian :
Ex: They have already visited London.
I have lost my key.
b. Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex: Up to the present, we have done every exercise in this book.
We have lived in this city for ten years.
She has loved him since she was a little girl.
c. Hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Ex: I have just received a letter from my parents.
Các từ sau đây thường kết hợp với thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
already, just, ever, recently = lately(vừa mới đây), never, before, It’s the first / second time, since, for, so far, until now =
up to now = up to present, since when, how long, serveral times, yet? , not … yet , in the last / past few years, for ages, for
a long time.
6. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành: S + HAD + VED/ V3 + O.
Cách dùng:

a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động khác cũng đã
kết thúc trong quá khứ.
Ex: Before 2 o’clock yesterday we had had lunch.
We had come back home before midnight.
We had had lunch before she arrived.
We went out for a walk after we had had dinner.
7. Thì tương lai đơn: S + WILL/ SHALL + V0 …
Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, hoặc một hành động sẽ diễn ra và kéo dài trong một quãng thời
gian ở tương lai.
Ex: Will he be here on time?
I shall telephone you tomorrow.
Các từ dấu hiệu: next week/ year / month , tomorrow, in future = in the future, in 5 minutes, một số động từ chỉ tương
lai: think, hope, promise, believe, sure …
EXERCISES
1. Simple tense or present continuous tense
1. Hurry up ! the bus (come ) .I (not want )to miss it
2. Listen ! somebody (sing )
3. How often (you /read )a newspaper ?
4 The sun always( rise )in the east .Look! it( rise )now
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5. I (hear) you ,I know what you (say )
6. The concert (start) at 7.30 this evening
7.Ann ,We go to town ,(you /come )with us ?
8.She (have ) coffee for breakfast every morning
9. I (see) that you( wear )your best clothes
10. She sometimes (buy ) vegetables at this market
2. Present perfect tense or present continuous tense
1 I try to (earn)Enlish for years but I(not succeed )yet
2. Mary(rest)in the garden all day because she (be ) ill

3. She (work ) so hard this week that she (not have time ) to go to the movie
4.that book (lie ) on the table for weeks .You (not read it yet ?
5. He (not be ) here since Christmas .I wonder where he (live ) since then
6.Jack (go to Paris for a holiday .He never(be ) there
6 You (sleep so far ?I ( ring)the bell for the last twenty minutes
8 He(write ) a novel for two years ,but he (not finish ) it yet
10 .I (see) that film several times because I like it
3. Supply the correct verb form : simple past or present perfect
1 We ( study ) a very hard lesson the day befor yesterday
2. I ( read ) that novel by Hemingway several times before
3. We ( study)almost every lesson in this book so far
4. My wife and I ( travel ) to Mexico by air last summer
5. I ( have ) a little trouble with my car last week
6. What you ( do ) yesterday ?
7 . How long you ( learn ) English ?
8.Tom (never be ) in Ha Noi
9. The plane ( stop) at a small town .It then (take ) off immediately after refuelling
10 She (be ) so happy when she (hearn ) the news that she ( cry )
4. Supply the correct verbs form : simple past or past continuous tense
1. When I (arrive)at her house ,she still ( sleep )
2.She (water ) the flowers in the garden while her nextdoor neighbor ( chat ) with her over the fence
3.As we ( cross ) the street , we see an accident
4. The bell ( ring ) while Tom ( take ) a bath
5. She (hear)a noise and (get ) out of the bed when the door ( open )
6. The children( play ) football when their mother ( come )back
7. Who (be /) that man that you (talk /) to? I (see ) him at the gate when I (come ) in
8. We ( wait ) for the bus when he (pass) in his car and (offer) us a lift
9. I ( be) very tired because I ( work ) all day yesterday
10.When the students ( hear ) the bell , they ( get )up and (leave )
5. Simple past or past perfect ?

1.He ( forget ) what I ( tell ) him .I( remind )him many times but he still ( not bring ) what I want
2. He ( ask ) me whether I ( see ) his pen on the table .I ( tell ) him that I ( not see ) it around
3.If I ( wait ) only a little while longer ,I would have met her
4 . They ( go ) home after they (finish )their homework
5 . when we came to the stadium ,the match ( already begin )
6. They told me they ( not eat ) that kind of food before
7. After they had gone ,I ( sit ) down and (rest )
8. After taking a bath , He ( go ) to bed
9. What he ( be ) when he ( be ) young ?
10 . It was the first timeI ( ever see ) such a beautiful girl
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6. Simple future or Simple present
1. we ‘ll go out when the rain ( stop )
2. I( stay ) here until he ( answer ) me
3. Wait until I ( catch ) you
4. She ( not come ) until you (/ be ) ready
5. Miss Hellen ( help ) you as soon as she ( finish ) that letter tomorrow
6. After the class ( be ) over ,ask the teacher about that sentence
7. I (come ) and (see ) you before I leave
8. We ( go ) home as soon as we have finished our work
9. I ( wait ) here until you (come ) back tomorrow
10. I ( send ) you some postcards as soon as I ( arrive ) in London
7. Mixed types:
1. Columbus ………………. (discover) America more than 400 years ago.
2. It ……………….(rain) very hard now.
3. The sun ……………….(warm) the air and ……………….(give) us light.
4. They ……………….(come) here a month ago.
5. Look! A man ……………….(run) after the train.
6. We ……………….(go) to the mountains last Sunday.
7. They ……………….(come) here a month ago.

8. Albert Einstein ……………….(die) on 18, 1955.
9. I ……………….(have) lunch with Dong yesterday.
10. They ……………….(come) to see me this morning.
11. She ……………….(go) to school everyday.
12. Bad students never ……………….(work) hard.
13. It often ……………….(rain) in the summer. It ……………….(rain) now.
14. The teacher always ……………….(point) at the black – board when he ……………….(want) to explain something.
15. Mother ……………….(cook) some food in the kitchen at the moment, she always ……………….(cook) in the morning.
16. I always ……………….(meet) him on the corner of this street.
17. Where ………. You ……… (go) now? – I ……………….(go) to the theater.
18. He ……………….(not do) morning exercises regularly.
19. ………… he ……………….(do) morning exercises now?
20. Nam ……………….(buy) several records last week.
21. What ……… you ……………….(do) yesterday?
22. They ……………….(finish) their dinner half an hour ago.
23. Water ……………….(boil) at 100 degrees centigrade.
24. The factory ……………….(begin) operation last year.
25. He …………… (meet) the dentist next week.
26. …………. You …………… (be) a good student?
27. They …… usually …………. (not go) to school by motorbike.
28. He …………… (swim) overthere now.
29. I ……………. (get) a special present on my last birthday.
30. She …………… (come) here next month.
31. They …………… (not see) Mr. Thanh last night.
32. They ……………… (not be) doctors.
33. He often ……………………… (get) up late.
34. ……… you often …………….(watch) TV?
35. Mr. Brown ……………… (listen) to music now?
36. I usually ………………… (go) shopping on weekend.
37. Hai often ……………………(wash) his face at 6.15.

38. she ……………………(play) badminton at the moment?
39. Thanh and Mai always ……………………(see) a movie on Saturday.
40. ………….he often ……………………(take) a bus to school?
41. We ……………………(be) student in class 8A.
42. She ………… often ……………………(not do) homework in the evening.
43. He usually ……………………(take) a taxi to the airport.
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44. They ………. Usually ……………………(not go) to school by bike.
45. …………. They ……………………(be) beautiful?
46. Manh ……………………(not play) soccer at the moment.
47. Minh ……………………(play) shess with Nam at the moment.
48. They often ……………………(visit) their parents on Saturday.
49. ……….she ……………………(study) now?
50. My and I always ……………………(go) to the countryside.
51. He ……………………(not be) at home now.
52. Hanh ……………………(not read) book at the moment.
53. Our teacher usually ……………………(give) us many exercises.
54. He often ……………………(catch) a train to work.
55. The cat ……………………(catch) mouse.
56. They ……………………(plant) trees overthere at the moment.
57. My old friend, Manh ……………………(write) to me twice a month.
58. What she says ……………………(be) true.
59. Where ………… she ……………………(buy) her breakfast every morning?
60. Bien ………… often ……………………(not phone) to me.
TOPIC 2: Wh- questions ( câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh)
- Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim ra được cac thông tin về các chủ đề như
sau.
When ? ( khi nào ?) Time ( thời gian)
Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn)
Who ? (ai ? ) person ( người)

Why ? ( tại sao ?) reason ( lý do)
How ? ( như thế nao ?) manner (cách thức)
What ? ( cái gì ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý
kiến, hanh động)
- Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm được những thông tin cụ thể.
Which one ? ( cái nào ) Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn)
Whose ? ( của ai ? ) Possession ( sở hữu)
Whom ? ( ai ?) person (người – tân ngữ)
How much ? ( bao nhiêu?) price,amount (non-count) gia cả, số lượng( danh từ không đếm được)
How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được)
How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration ( quá trình)
How often ? ( bao lâu 1 lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyên)
How far ? ( bao xa ?) Distance ( khoảng cách)
What kind of? ( loại nào?) Description (miêu tả)
Structures:
Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thường có các cấu trúc sau:
1.Đối với câu có động từ "To be":
Ex: I'm interested in Maths.
He is looking for Mr David.
She was at home.
There is a lillte of water in the bottle
2.Đối với câu có động từ khiếm khuyết:
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WH- + BE + S + ?
WH- + ĐTKK(can, could ) + S + ?
Ex: I may come back next month
She will get there by taxi
Minh must go because his mother was ill
3.Đối với câu có động từ thường:
Ex: I got married in 2006

She buys some food at a store near her house.

Nam and Mai like listening to music
My son has three pencils
4. Đối với câu có động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành:
Ex: She has been here for an hour
They had lived in Can Tho City before 1989
I has gone with my friends to the countryside
Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences.
1. My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.Where
2. We often have dinner at 7:00 pm.  What time
3. I am reading an English book at the moment.  What
4. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.  How long
5. She speaks English very fluently. How
6. I have written over twenty novels. How many
7. This street is twenty kilometers long. How long
8. I spent 10 dollars on this shirt.  How much
9. I have been learning English for 5 years. How long
10. She will be married to a rich man.  Who
11. Tom goes to the library twice a week.  How often
12. I went to school late because I missed the bus. Why
13. She is a doctor.  What
14. They were watching a game show. What
15. He like studying Math. What subject
16. The weather is very nice in this country. what
17. She was born in Dam Doi In 1985.  Where and when
18. She wanted to become an English teacher. What
19. They are cutting trees in the forest for wood. For what
20. There are forty-five students in my class.  How many
21. They do their homework at night.  When

22. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. Who
23. The car is across the street from the house. Where
24. She felt better after she took a nap. How
25. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When
26. That is an English book. What
27. She talked to him for an hour.  How long
28. She was eating a sandwich. What
29. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz. What
30. He is going to work right now. Where
31. They do their homework at night. When
32. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. Who
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WH- + DO/ DOES/ DID + S + Vo ?
WH- + HAVE/ HAS/ HAD + S + Ved/V3 ?
33. The car is across the street from the house. Where
34. I like the red blouse, not the blue one. Which
35. She felt better after she took a nap. How
36. That is an English book. What
37. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When
38. She talked to him for an hour. How long
39. He studies piano at the university. What
40. The party lasted all night. How long
41. The check was for $5.50. How much
42. She was eating a sandwich. What
43. She is working hard. What
44. My parents have two cars. How many
45. They are coming to visit tomorrow. When
46. He is going to work right now. Where
47. The man with the white hat is my brother. Who
48. I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late. Why

49. We have an English class every day. How often
50. They like to dance on weekends. What
Exercise 2: Make question for the underlined part of the sentence:
1. She is cleaning the floor 
2. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz. 
3. I didn’t bring my dictionary today. 
4. They are singing popular songs. 
5. They do their homework in the morning. 
6. My best friend is Nam. 
7. We have known each other for 5 years. 
8. They are making a big cake. 
9. She can sing very well. 
10. My father has been to more than twenty countries in the world. 
11. She usually goes to school by bike. 
12. It takes me an hour to do the homework. 
13. Mary will meet her husband tomorrow. 
14. A car will be driven here. 
15. Twenties books has been sold this month. 
16. About 8 people were injured in the accident. 
17. She is talking to the president. 
18. They will have finished the project by next summer. 
19. He should lend her some money. 
20. He bought this book in Ha Noi. 
21. They are going to visit Ha Long Bay this summer. 
22. Teachers usually give students a lot of exercises. 
23. He is punished because his laziness. 
24. He usually goes to the field at 6:00 every morning. 
25. A famous singer will come to the concert. 
26. I met Peter at the airport yesterday. 
27. The weather in the South of Vietnam is very hot. 

28. The first World Cup was held in Uruguay in 1930. 
29. Uruguay became the champion in the first World cup. 
30. New York City is located in the Southeastern part of New York State. 
31. The population of New York is seven million. 
32. The area of New York is 946 square kilometer. 
33. They have got three children. 
34. They were on holiday for three days. 
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35. The game last 90 minutes. 
36. This car costs one thousand dollars. 
37. This book is twenty VND. 
38. This house belongs to me. 
39. My car is blue. 
40. She is very friendly. 
41. My favorite singer is Dan Truong. 
42. Her name is Daisy. 
43. She is from London. 
44. She usually has milk for breakfast. 
45. She didn’t come to the party because she was sick. 
46. She was punished because she was lazy. 
47. We don’t understand the lesson because it was difficult. 
48. They will send me a postcard. 
49. They were having dinner when he came. 
50. She goes to the library three times a week. 
Exercise 3: Make questions for the following responses:
1.I like the red one.
………………………………………………………………….
2.He likes watching TV in his free time.
…………………………………………………………………
3.The child admires his mother most.

4.Nam had luch in the restaurant near the office.

5.We met each other in December,this year.

6.They think he is a nice guy.

7.Because the teacher was so sick,we had a lesson off.

8.There are 35 students in the class.

9.It costs 90,000VND.

10.She has been living in Hanoi for four years.

TOPIC 3: GERUND AND INFINITIVE
I. FUNCTIONS OF GERUND (Chức năng của Gerund):
1. Subject for a verb : (Làm chủ ngữ cho động từ ) .
EX: Swimming is good for your health.
Smoking is not good for your health.
2. Object for some verbs (Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ) :
admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish,
can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend,
resent, suggest, hate, love, like, start, begin, forget, remember, stop, regret, continue, acknowledge,
endure(chòu đựng, cam chòu), imagine, justify, resist (kháng cự, chống lại), feel like, forgive, risk, tolerate.
* Công thức: S + V+ GERUND (V-ING) + O.
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Ex: I like playing football. She admited stealing a bike. Nam can’t stand living alone.
3. Object for preposition (Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ):
tobe interested in: thích, quan tâm tobe fond of: thích tobe bored with: buồn chán

tobe fed up with: thích tobe afraid of: sợ tobe surprised at: ngạc nhiên về
tobe worried about: lo lắng về… tobe amused at: thích tobe amazed at: kinh
ngạc về …
tobe famous for: nổi tiếng về… tobe different from: khác với… tobe good/ bad at: giỏi/ tệ về…
tobe excited at/ about: thích thú, hào hứng tobe frightened of: sợ hãy
tobe keen on: thích tobe pleased with: hài lòng với… tobe relaxed with: thư giản
tobe exhausted at: mệt tobe busy with: bận rộn với… tobe absent from: vắng mặt từ…
to rely on: trông cậy vào tobe present at: có mặt, hiện diện tobe tired of: mệt mõi
tobe terrified of: khiếp sợ, kinh hãi tobe nervous of: hồi hộp, lo lắng tobe successful in: thành công về
to be used to: quen với to get used to: quen với to think of/ about: suy nghó về…
to give up: từ bỏ to depend on: phụ thuộc vào to insit on: khăng khăng
* Công thức: S + cụm giới từ + GERUND + O.
EX: I am interested in playing football. They are fond of watching films.
Gerund Gerund
4. Object for some phrases and expressions (Làm tân ngữ cho một số cụm từ và thành ngữ):
to look forward to, It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s worth, have difficulty + gerund.
5. Một số động từ theo sau có thể dùng Gerund or To Infinitive đều không thay đổi nghóa:
begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt.
Ex: I hate to see you = I hate seeing you.
6. Một số động từ theo sau dùng Gerund nghóa khác dùng To infinitive nghóa khác: stop , remember,
forget, regret, try.
Sau các động từ " Remember, forget, regret, stop, try" ta có thể dùng danh động từ(Ving) hoặc đt ngun
mẫu có "to" nhưng phải dựa vào nghĩa của nó trong câu.
1. Remember, forget, regret: khi đi với "To infinitive" thì chỉ hành động tương lai còn khi đi với
"Ving" thì chỉ hành động đã qua.
a.REMEMBER + TO V (nhớ thực hiện một nhiệm vụ, bổn phận)
(trước) (sau)
REMEMBER + V-ing (nhớ đã làm rồi)
(sau) (tr ư ớc)
Ex: When you see her, (remember) to send her my letter.

I remember (put) my hat somewhere in this room.
b.FORGET + TO V ( qn thực hiện nhiệm vụ,bổn phận)
FORGET + V-ing ( qn điều đã xảy ra)
Ex:Sam often forget (lock) the door.
I’ll never forget (see) her for the first time.
Note: Forget + V-ing thường dùng trong câu hỏi hoặc câu phủ định với các cấu trúc:I’ll never
forget, I can’t forget, Have you ever forgotten,Can you ever forget
c.REGRET + TO V (lấy làm tiếc để làm gì)
REGRET + V-ing (hối tiếc điều đã xảy ra)
Ex: I regret (lend) him some money.He never pays me back.
I regret (say) that you've failed the exam.
2.STOP + TO V: ngừng lại để làm việc gì
STOP + TO V: ngừng hẳn việc đang làm,bỏ làm gì
Ex: He stopped (smoke)
He stopped (smoke)
3.TRY + TO V (cố gắng làm điều gì → có kết quả tốt)
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TRY + V-ing (Thử làm điều gì → thử nghiệm)
Ex: I will try (help) you.
He tried ( garden) but he didn't succeed.
II. INFINITIVE WITH TO:
1. Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: To love is to give.
To find my house is easy.
To save money now is necessary.
2. Bổ ngữ của động từ:
Eg: Our duty is to study harder.
3. Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ.(Theo sau một số động từ quy đònh)
afford, agree, appear, attempt, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, decide, demand, expect, fail, hesitate, hope,
learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, threaten, volunteer, wait,

want, wish.
4. Verbs followed by a pro(noun) + an infinitive:
advise, allow, ask, arrange, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire,
invite, need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, tell, urge, want, warn, teach, instruct (dạy, hướng dẫn,
thông báo), get, would like, would prefer.
5. Dùng làm tân ngữ của tính từ:
unable, afraid, amused, annoyed(làm bực mình,chọc tức), anxious, astonished(làm ngạc nhiên), certain,
delighted, determined(xác đònh), eager, easy, good, glad, grateful, happy, hard, fortunate(may mắn, đem lại
vận may), pleased, prepared, ready, safe, surprised, wonderful, worry
Eg: I’m glad to see you again.
We are unable to solve the problem.
6. Chỉ mục đích:
EX: We study hard to pass the exam.
We go to school to widen our knowledge.
III. INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO:
Động từ nguyên mẫu không TO được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
1. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may,must, will, shall, could, should, might, ought to, would
Eg: He can speak 3 languages.
2. Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: feel, hear, see, watch, let, percieve = notice(nhận thấy), mark (để
ý thấy), observe (chú ý thấy), beheld (trông thấy), hard at (lắng nghe)
Eg: I saw him unlock the door.
He made me study hard. (câu chủ động)
She let the ball fall onto the floor.
3. Sau các động từ như: had better, would rather, have to, used to.
Eg: We would rather wait till tomorrow.
You had better put your money in the bank.
4. Sau DARE (dám), DAREN’T, NEED (cần) , NEEDN’T
Ex: He dare jump off the tree. = He dares to jump off the tree.
She need buy two kilos of seasoning powder. = She needs to buy two kilos of seasoning powder.
5. Sau CAN BUT(chỉ có thể), CANNOT BUT (Bắt buộc phải):

Ex: I can but do my best = I can only do my best.
I cannot but think that you want to deceive me. = I must think that you want to deceive me.
6. Sau các động từ như: make, help, let, bid/bade/ bade (bảo, buộc) với cấu trúc:
S + VERB + OBJECT + V0
EX: What makes you laugh? Please help me carry this heavy bag. We let him go. He bade me sit down.
7. Sau AND, BUT, OR, EXCEPT, THAN:
Khi hai Infinitives được nối kết bằng AND, BUT, OR, EXCEPT, THAN thì động từ thứ nhì thường là V0.
Ex: I’d like to loke down and go to sleep. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later ?
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We had nothing to do except look at the poster (böùc quaûng caùo phim) outside the cinema.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
1. He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was born.
2. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.
3. I would like him (go) _____________________ to a university but I can’t (make) him go.
4. I am looking forward (see) _____________________ you.
5. I arranged (meet) _____________________them there.
6. He urged us (work) _____________________faster.
7. I wish (see) _____________________the manager.
8. It is no use (wait) _____________________him.
9. He warned her (not touch) _____________________the wire.
10. Don’t forget (clock) _____________________the door before (go)
_____________________to bed.
11. My mother told me (not speak) _____________________too anyone about it.
12. He tried (explain) _____________________but she refused (listen)
_____________________.
13. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _____________________between the courses.
14. He decided (disguise) __________________ himself by (dress) _______________as a
women.
15. I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary.

16. Would you mind (show) _____________________me how (work)
_____________________the lift.
17. After (walk) _____________________three hours we stopped (rest)
_____________________and let the others (catch) _____________________up with us.
18. I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean.
19. The boy likes (play) _____________________games but hates (do)
________________exercises.
20. I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been refused.
21. I don’t allow (smoke) _____________________in my drawing-room.
22. I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all.
23. He surprised us all by (go) _________________away without (say)
________________‘Good-bye’.
24. Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________ (wait).
25. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _____________________recognized.
26. Before (give) _______________evidence you must swear (speak) ___________________the
truth.
27. I tried (persuade) ____________________him (agree) _____________________with your
proposal.
28. Your windows need (clean) ______________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for
you.
29. Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a
draught.
30. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a
draught.
31. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.
32. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.
33. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.
34. People used (make) _____________________fire by (rub) _________________two sticks
together.
35. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).

36. If you go on (let) _____________________your dog (chase) _____________________cars he
will end by (be) _____________________run over.
37. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.
38. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at
once.
39. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a
cheque.
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40. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the
office.
41. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.
42. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine.
43. I have no intention of (go) _____________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see)
_____________my favorite actress in such dreadful part.
44. I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the police
(look) _____________for him.
45. After (hear) _____________the conditions I decided (not enter) _____________for the
competition.
46. Some people seem (have) _____________the passion for (write) _____________to the
newspapers.
47. He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of (reply)
_____________at all.
48. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do)
_____________anything.
49. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.
50. There is no point in (remain) _____________in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything
(help) _____________the people who have (stay) _____________ there.
51. The horse won’t be well enough (run) _____________in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem
(have) _____________recovered from his long journey.
52. At first I enjoyed (listen) _____________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)

_____________the same story again and again.
53. It is usually easier (learn) _____________a subject by (read) _____________books than by
(listen) _____________ to lectures.
54. It wouldn’t be safe (start) _____________down now; we will have (wait) _____________till
the mist clears.
55. After (discuss) _____________the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have)
_____________ reached any decision.
56. It’s not much use (have) _____________a bike if you don’t know how (use)
_____________it.
57. I distinctly remember (pay) _____________him. I gave him 2$.
58. Did you remember (give) _____________him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t. I will go and
do it now.
59. Please forgive me for (interrupt) _____________you but would you mind (repeat)
_____________that last sentence.
60. He made a lot of money by (buy) _____________tickets in advance and (sell)
_____________them twice the price on the day of the match.
61. He keeps (ask) ____________ me the time and I keep (tell) _____________him (buy)
_____________himself a watch.
62. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (wait) _____________for you.
63. I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished (read) _____________it.
64. How old were you when you learned (drive) _____________.
65. My father gave up (smoke) _____________three years ago.
66. Would you mind (keep) _____________silent? I’m trying (study) _____________.
67. I always try to avoid_____________ (borrow) money from my friends.
68. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed _____________ (get) to school on time.
69. Could you please stop _____________ (make) so much noise?
70. I hope _____________ (run) in the marathon next month.
71. Look! It’s started _____________ (rain) again.
72. It was too late, so we decided_____________ (take) a taxi home.
73. My sister always enjoys _____________ (listen) to classical music.

74. I’ve put off _____________ (write) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
75. Sarah gave up _____________ (try) to find a job in this country and decided_____________ (go) abroad.
76. You can’t stop me _____________ (do) what I want.
77. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford_____________ (go) out very often.
78. I’m still looking for a job but I hope_____________ (find) something soon.
79. My mother can’t stand_____________ (stay) at home without doing anything.
80. You must promise_____________ (not / be) late again.
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TOPIC 4: The + Adjective
Used to + infinitive
Which as a connector
I.The + adjective:
-Ta có thể thành lập danh từ tập hợp bằng cách thêm "the" vào trước tính từ.
Old the old:. young the young:
Poor the poor rich
Injured sick
Unemployed wrong
-Danh từ tập hợp (the+adj) được xem như danh từ số nhiều nên động từ theo sau nó được chia ở số
nhiều.
Ex: The rich also cry.
The poor in our country need help from the society.
II.Used to + infinitive:
1.Công thức:
-Câu khẳng định: -Câu phủ định: Câu hỏi:
Ex: Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường
Nó thường không hoạt động tốt
Bạn có từng khiêu vũ không?
2.Cách dùng:
-"Used to +Vo" được dùng để diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một tình trạng trong quá khứ.
Ex: He used to swim when he was six.

There used to be a hotel opposite the station, but it closed a long time ago.
3.So sánh "used to" và "be used to":

Chỉ thói quen hay việc thường làm trong quá khứ

Chỉ một việc ta quen làm ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai
be used to=get used to =be accustomed to
Ex:My mother getting up early every day.
Tom has the cold weather since he came here.
He cry for candies.
She didn't be patient
III.Which as a connector:
-"Which" có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề phía trước.
Ex: She arrived on time. This amazed everybody.

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The +Adjective = Noun
S +did +not + use to +Vo S + used to + Vo Did +S + use to +Vo ?
S + used to + Vo
(thường,đã từng)
S + be used to + Ving/ Noun
(quen với)
Tom was late. That surprised me.

Sheila couldn't come to the party. It was a pity.

TOPIC 5: RELATIVE PRONOUNS: Who, Whom, Which,That:
1.Định nghĩa:
-Mệnh đề quan hệ ( relative clause) còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính từ (adjective clause) vì nó là

mệnh đề phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.
-Mđqh được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ "Who, whom, which, that, whose" và các
trạng từ quan hệ "When, where, why".
-Vị trí: mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
2.Cách dùng:
a.WHO: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ từ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ex: The man gave me some advice on jogging. He was a famous doctor.

That is the girl. She has won the medal.

Do you know the boy? He broke the window lastnight.

b.WHOM: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm túc từ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ex: The woman is my aunt. You saw her yersterday.

He is one of the excellent students. I know him.

She is the secretary. You are looking for her.
c WHICH: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ex: This is the book. I like it best.

The hat is mine. It is red.

The dress is very beautiful. She bought it yesterday.
d.THAT: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người và vật.
"That" có thể được dùng thay cho " who, whom, which" trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
( không đứng sau dấu phẩy).

Ex: The book was a love story. I read it yesterday.

My father is the person. I admire him most.

Can you help me find the man? He saved the girl.

e.WHOSE: là một đại từ quan hệ.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ. "Whose" cũng được dùng cho
vật (whose= of which).
"Whose" luôn đi kèm với một danh từ.
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Ex:The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.

John found a cat. Its leg was broken.

3.Phân loại:
Có 2 loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( giới hạn) và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
( không giới hạn).
a.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:(defining relative clause)
-Là loại mệnh đề cần thiết, không thể bỏ đi vì danh từ trước nó chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ
không đủ nghĩa.
Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green.




This is the book that I like best.


b.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:(non-defining relative clause):

-Là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ trước nó đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ
nghĩa.
-Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy.
*Cách nhận biết mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dựa vào danh từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan
hệ. Nếu danh từ đứng trước là danh từ xác định thì mệnh đề sau nó là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (và
ngược lại).Danh từ xác định là những danh từ riêng , danh từ có các tính từ bổ nghĩa trước nó như "this,
that, these, those", "my, his,her, your, their, our" hoặc có cụm giới từ bổ nghĩa sau nó.
Ex:That man is Mr Pike. You saw him yesterday.



This is Mrs Jones. She helped me last week.



Mary has won an Oscar. I know her sister.




*Không dùng "that" trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn. ( Trong các ví dụ trên, ta
không thể dùng "that" thay cho "whom, who, whose" vì đây là những mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn)
Exercise 1: Use who, whom or which to combine the two sentences
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1. The girl is hospital now. She was injured in the accident
2. I know a shop. It sells really good meat
3. The boy is very nice. I know him from school
4. The shoes are too big. My mother bought them for me
5. I still have the book. You gave me that book
6. A river is not safe for swimming. It is polluted

7. The doctor was very gentle. He examined the sick child
8. The man standing over there. I was telling you about him
9. The meeting was interesting. I went to it
10. I like the dress. She was wearing it
11. We don’t like the stories. They don’t have happy endings
12. The milk was very good. We had it this morning
13. Thank you very much for the gift. You gave it to me last time
14. The book was too expensive. I wanted to buy it
15. The girl is really intelligent. We admire her
Exercise 2: Use whose, where, when to combine the two sentences:
1. The city was famous for its food. We spent our vacation in that city.
2. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
3. They have just rebuilt the building. I work in that building.
4. The building is very modern. She lives in that building.
5. Yesterday I met a woman. Her son is a doctor.
6. The woman is a teacher. Her daughter is my classmate.
7. 1983 is the year. She was born in that year.
8. I feel sorry for the boy. His parents were dead.
9. The man is very friendly. His wife is very beautiful.
10. I will show you the second-hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
Exercise 3: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs:
1. Ba likes playing the guitar. He lives on Trang Tien Street.
2. Neil Armstrong lived in USA. He first walked on the moon.
3. Miss Lien is my English teacher. She sings very well.
4. The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish. The Nile is in Egypt.
5. The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. I’m longing to see it.
6. Peter is studying French and German. He has been abroad.
7. We are moving to Manchester. Manchester is the North West.
8. I’ll stay with Adrian. His brother is one of my closet friends.
9. Cuc phuong is a famous nation park. I came there along time ago.

10. Thu wants to drink some medicine. She had a headache.
Exercise 4: Combine these sentences, using relative pronouns:
1.The girl chatted with him yesterday. She arrived here at 6:30.

2.I will introduce to you the man. He is sharing the flat with me.

3.My phone is out of order. It’s a real nuisance.

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4.I’m reading a book. I bought it in Sydney in 1996.

5.The mechanic is an experienced one. I sent for him to repair my motorbike.

6.You left the key in your car. That was rather careless of you.

7.The architect design these flats. He has moved to HCM city.

8.I must thank the people. I got a present from them.

9.Oxford university has many colleges. It’s one of the oldest one in the world.

10.The police blocked up the road. This caused a traffic jam.

11.This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last year.

12.Mary has won an Oscar.I know her sister.

Exercise 5: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs
1.The building seems new now. It was very old
2.I went to see a doctor. He told me to rest for a few days

3.A friend helped me to get a job. His father is the manager of the company
4.He protested to a woman. Her dog bit him
5.I was waiting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
6.Please post the letters. I wrote them this morning
7.I will introduce you to a man. His support is necessary for your project
8.A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut
9.A man said Tom was out. He answered the phone
10. The problem has been discussed in class. We are very interested in it
11. A lot of fish died everyday. They live in the polluted sea
12. We have a new teacher. I really like her
13. She‘ll tell you the story. That story will surprise you
14. The girl is now in hospital. She was injured in the accident.
15. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient
16. A building has now been rebuilt. It was destroyed in the fire
17. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour
18. The book is about the girl. She runs away from home
19. The man was very kind. I talk to him yesterday
20. She is the woman. I told you about her
21. The man works in the hospital. I told you about him
22. The picture was very beautiful. She was looking at it
23. I’ll give you the address. You should write to it
24. The movie is very fantastic. They are talking about it
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25. The woman teaches me English. You are listening to her
26. The people are getting wet. They are waiting for the bus in the rain
27. The fence is made from wood. It surrounds our house
28. Her book is widely read. It is well- written
29. Alice is my friends. Alice’s mother died in an accident last year
30. The secretary gives you information. She sits at the first desk on the right
31. The young man is talking to our teacher. He is Ba’s brother

32. We visited the monument. The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
33. Mr. Phong is our geography teacher. He has been teaching in our school for ten years
34. Lan took some change. She wanted to buy some drink
35. The doctor has moved to a new house. He looked after my family
36. The man is my English teacher. You spoke to him in the street last night
37. The books are for reference. They are on the stacks near the librarian
38. Is that the car? You want to buy it
39. Students will be punished. Their homework is late
40. Henry was in a very bad mood. His car had been broken down
41. Teacher’s Day is the day. Pupils show their gratitude to their teacher on that day
42. The last summer holidays were the time. We had a lot of fun at that time
43. New Year’s Day is the day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner on that day
44. One day last week I visited that village. The people there grew many beautiful flowers
45. We visited the monument. The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
46. Mr. Phong is our geography teacher. He has been teaching in our school for ten years
47. The boys are very interesting in football. It is a popular game all over the world
48. Quynh Dao is a famous writer. Quynh Dao’s works are widely read all over the world
49. Mona was painted by Leonardo De Vinci. It has been popular for long
50. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course
TOPIC 6: The present progressive (with future meaning)
"Be going to"
I.The present progressive:( thì hi
ệ
n t
ạ
i ti
ế
p di
ễ
n)

1.Công thức:
-Câu khẳng định: -Câu phủ định: - Câu hỏi:
2.Cách dùng:
-Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói.
Ex: I (read) a book now.
At the moment, she (cook) dinner.
-Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả một kế hoạch tương lai đã được sắp xếp ( tương lai gần).
Ex: My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She (see) Dr. David next
Tuesday.
They have already made their plan. They (leave) at noon tomorrow.
II. Be going to:
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S +am/ is/ are + not+ Ving
S +have/ has +not +Ved/ V3
S +am/ is/ are + Ving Am/ Is/ Are + S +Ving ?
Have/ Has +S +Ved/V3 ?
1.Công thức:
-Câu khẳng định:
-Câu phủ định:

- Câu hỏi:
2.Cách dùng:
-"Be going to" dùng để chỉ một dự định trong tương lai, một việc đã quyết định làm nhưng chưa có kế
hoạch thực hiện.
Ex: People (choose) a new president.
you (visit) Dalat this year?
-"Be going to" còn dùng để chỉ một dự đoán, 1 điều sẽ xảy ra dựa vào 1 tình huống cụ thể.
Ex: Tom is a good student. He (pass) the exam.
I/ Put the verb in brackets in the correct form, using “be going to” or the present progressive:
1.It’s already 32 C. It (be)………………………very hot today.

2.I (not use)………………………the car this evening, so you canhave it.
3.I think it ( rain)………………………The sky is so cloudy.
4.We (have)…………………… a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?
5.Oh, your luggage is ready now. What time you (leave)…………………………….?
6.He has made up his mind. He (buy) a new motorbike.
7.I'd like to know whether you (do) anything tomorrow morning.
-No, I'm free. Why?
8.Sue (come) to see us tomorrow. She (travel) by train
and her train arrives at 10.15. I (meet) her at the station
II/ Put the verb in brackets in the corret form, using “will” or “be going to”:
1.A: Can I speak to Miss Beaty in account ?
B: Yes, I (put)……………………… it through.
2.A: You look very tired - you need a break.
B:Yes, I (have)……………………. two days off next week.
3.A: We have got a bit of a problem – Thre a strong smell of gas in the house.
B: Right, Madam, I (send)……………………….someone round immediately.
4.A: So, what the kitchen like ?
B: It’s nice and big but it’s a bit dark, so we (paint)…………………… it yellow.
5.A: Your exam results weren’t good, were they ?
B: I know, but I’ve decided I (work)……………………… much harder next week.
TOPIC 7. Because of, In spite of/ Despite.
1. Because of
Ex: - I can’t go to school yesterday because I am sick.
 I can’t go to school because of my sickness.
- Nam missed the bus because he got up late.
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S +am/ is/ are + not+ going to +Vo
S +have/ has +not +Ved/ V3
S +am/ is/ are +going to+Vo
Am/ Is/ Are + S +going to + Vo ?

Have/ Has +S +Ved/V3 ?
 Because of getting up late, Nam missed the bus.
 Because of + Noun/ Noun Phrase (reason)

2. In spite of/ Despite
Ex: - The woman tries to climb the mountain even though she is old.
 The woman tries to climb the mountain in spite of her old age.
- Although Nga is tired, she still begins her work on time.
 Despite being tired, Nga still begins her work on time.
 In spite of/ Despite + Noun/ Noun Phrase (concession)
VIẾT CÂU TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG
1. We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of
2. We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although
3. Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite
4. Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though
5. In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although
6. Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite
7. In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although
8. Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite
9. In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although
10. My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite
11. In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although
12. My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of
13. He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite
14. Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite
15. Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite
16. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of
17. She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of
18. Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of
19. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of

20. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of
21. I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of
22. The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of
23. The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of
24. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of
25. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of
26. Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of
27. Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of
28. Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of
29. She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of
30. Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of
TOPIC 8: DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT SPEECH
(Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp)
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: được dùng khi chúng ta tường thuật lại lời của người nói bằng cách lập lại một cách chính xác lời
nói ban đầu. Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.
EX: He asked, “ Where do you come from? ”
She cried: “ What an accident! ”
“ My cousin is a famous doctor”, he said.
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2. Lời nói gián tiếp: Thay vì lặp lại chính xác lời nói, chúng ta có thể diễn tả lời hoặc ý nghó của người nói bằng lời lẽ
riêng của chúng ta bằng cách sử dụng liên từ, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động từ Loại cấu trúc này được gọi là lời nói
gián tiếp.
Eg: Fiona said, “ It’s getting late.” → Fiona said(that) it was getting late.
* Chúng ta thường bỏ “that” sau các động từ tường thuật thông thường như: say, tell, think.
Ex: Tom said (that) his feet hurt a little.
She told me (that) she enjoyed your party very much.
* Danh sách các động từ tường thuật thường gặp:
accept, add, admit, advise, agree, answer, apologise, argue, ask, beg, command, comment, complain, conclude (kết
luận) , confess (thú nhận), continue, cry, decide, declare (tuyên bố), demand, feel, forbid, forecast (dự báo, dự đoán trước
) , guarantee (cam đoan, bảo đảm) , hear, imagine, inform, inquire, insit, invite, object, offer, order, point out, predict,

promise, propose(đề nghò), recommend, refuse, say, shout, suggest, tell, thank, think, threaten, warn, whisper, wonder
3. Cách đổi lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
a. Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu thường đổi từ ngôi thứ nhất hoặc ngôi thứ hai sang ngôi thứ ba. Trừ khi người nói thuật lại
lời của chính mình.
Eg: He said, “ I’ve forgotten my uncle’s phone number.”
→ He said (that) he had forgotten his uncle’s phone number.
“ You have watered the flower twice, Mary”, he said.
→ He told Mary that she had watered the flower twice.
b. Một số biến đổi cơ bản khi đổi sang lời nói gián tiếp:
+ Khi “ this, that, và these” được dùng như tính từ, chúng thường được đổi thành “The”.
+ Khi “ this, that, và these” được dùng như đại từ, chúng thường được đổi thành “ it, they, them”.
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
now then, at that time, immediately
here there
today that day
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week.
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
c. Tense (Thì)
+ Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Present Simple Past Simple
Present continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple Past Perfect
Simple Future Conditional
Future Continuous Conditional Continuous
Eg : “ I never eat vegetables”, he explained. → He explained that he never ate vegetables.
d. Modal Verbs:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
shall should
will would
can could
may might
Must (khi diễn tả sự chắc chắn) /
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must had to (khi biểu thò sự cần thiết )
would have to (khi đề cập đến tương lai)
Eg: “ I must go now,” Alice said. → Alice said that he must / had to go at that time.
* CÁC NGOẠI LỆ: NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HP KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI VỀ THÌ.
1. Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì hiện tại, chúng ta không đổi thì trong lời nói gián tiếp.
Eg: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “ The bus is coming.”
→ He says the bus is coming.
2. Khi lời nói diễn tả chân lý hoặc sự kiện đúng một cách hiển nhiên ta cũng không đổi thì:
Ex: He said “The earth moves around the sun”. - He said that the earth moves around the sun.
3. Khi lời nói diễn tả một hoạt động theo thói quen vẫn còn tiếp tục vào lúc thuật lại.
Ex: Trực tiếp: I get up at seven o’clock every morning.
Gián tiếp: He said that he gets up at seven o’clock every morning.
Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
4. Lời nói dùng một trong các động từ sau đây:
+ Would:
Trực tiếp: She said, “I would help him If I could”

Gián tiếp: She said that she would help him if she could.
Trực tiếp: She said, “I’d rather Tom went.”
Gián tiếp: She said that she would rather Tom went.
+ Should:
Trực tiếp: You should eat more fruit.
Gián tiếp: He said that I should eat more fruit.
Trực tiếp: You should have gone to bed early.
Gián tiếp: He said that I should have gone to bed early.
+ Could, might, ought to, used to, had better, must:
Trực tiếp: He said, “I used to go to the movies when I had leisure time.”
Gián tiếp: He said that he used to go to the movies when he had leisure time.
Trực tiếp: They must bring their books to class.
Gián tiếp: He said that they must bring their books to class.
+ Câu điều kiện ở dạng giả đònh (Loại 2, 3) ta cũng không đổi thì:
Trực tiếp: He said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new car”
Gián tiếp: He said that if he had enough money, he would buy a new car.
Trực tiếp: He said, “If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently.”
Gián tiếp: He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.
e. Lời nói gián tiếp qua câu hỏi:
* Wh – question:
Eg: He said, “ Where has she been?” → He asked/ wondered where she had been.
“ What did your parents send?”, the officer asked. → The officer asked me what my parents had sent.
“ Whom did you phone yesterday? ”, the boss asked.
→ The boss asked whom I had phoned the day before.
* Yes / No question:
“ Will the train leave on time? ” he said. → He inquired whether / if the train would leave on time.
He asked, “ Is there a waiting room?” → He asked if / whether there was a waiting room.
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Change these direct questions into reported speech:
1 “I am waiting for john.” She said

2 “I don’t like the idea.”, he said
3 “The car isn’t at my house.”, she told me
4 “We have cleaned the room.”, they said
5 “We are worried about Peter.”, they told me
6 “I am going to the cinema.’, she said
7 “I saw her today”, he said
8 “I will see you tomorrow”, he told me
9 “They were here three months ago.” he said
10 “We visited her this morning.”, they said
11 “My parents are arriving tomorrow.” she said
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12 “I don’t like this film.” She said
13 “Peter and Mary are getting married tomorrow.” she said
14 “Daisy is doing her homework.” Mai said
15 “I met her three hours ago.” Tam told me
*Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences by changing direct speech to indirect speech:
1. Alice said, “ I am living in London now.” → Alice said to me that _____________
2. “ My father isn’t very well”, Tom said. → Tom told me that__________________
3. They said, “Alice and Tom are getting married next month.”
→ They announced that _________________________________________________
4. She said, “My friend Alice has had a baby.” → She told me __________________
5. He said, “I don’t know what my friends are doing.” → He said to me that ______
6. “ I saw Tom’s sister, who was really nice, at Helen’s party last weekend,” she said.
→ She told me that ___________________________________________________
7. “I haven’t seen Ann for a long time” she said. → She told me that ____________
8. “I don’t like my job very much,” said her cousin.
→ Her cousin admitted that _____________________________________________
9. “My car was stolen a few weeks ago,” he complained.
→ He complained that __________________________________________________
10. “My brother will come and stay at our flat next month,” said Tom.

→ Tom told his wife that _______________________________________________
11. “I want to go on holiday but I am too busy,” said the manager.
→ The manager said that _______________________________________________
12. “I will tell Diane about this problem,” he promised.
→ He promised that ___________________________________________________
13. She said, “I’ll leave tomorrow.” → She said that __________________________
14. “He usually arrives home at 3 p.m,” they say.
→ They say that ______________________________________________________
15. “I won’t be at the club next week,” Nick has said to me.
→ Nick has told me that _______________________________________________
16. Emma says, “I like football and I often watch it on T.V.”
→ Emma says that ____________________________________________________
17. “She isn’t working here,” he says.
→ He says that _______________________________________________________
18. “We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work,” the Browns said.
→ The Browns said that ________________________________________________
19. “I have an English lesson this morning but I haven’t done my homework yet,” said a pupil.
→ A pupil said that ___________________________________________________
20. “This English grammar book is good for you,” said my sister.
→ My sister said that _________________________________________________
21. Tom said, “I will help you” → Tom said that _____________________________
22. “I may be late,” said Mike. → Mike told me ______________________________
23. The teacher said, “You should study harder.” → The teacher told me ___________
24. “I will come to the meeting,” said Ann. → Ann told me ______________________
25. The salesman said, “You can take it for a driving test.”
→ The salesman said to her ______________________________________________
26. He said, “I must be at the airport at 6 a.m. tomorrow.”
→ He told his daughter _________________________________________________
27. “You mustn’t come in without knocking,” the boss said.
→ The boss told them ___________________________________________________

28. “Your ticket will cost only $ 5,” I said. → I said to the passenger _______________
29. His father said, “He must work harder next term.” → His father said to him ______
30. Bob said, “I must be there by nine o’clock tomorrow. → Bob said that __________
Exercise 3: Change these direct questions into reported speech:
1. “Where is he?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. “What are you doing?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
3. “Why did you go out last night?”
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She asked me ______________________________________________________
4. “Who was that beautiful woman?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
5. “How is your mother?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
6. “What are you going to do at the weekend?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
7. “Where will you live after graduation?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
8. “What were you doing when I saw you?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
9. “How was the journey?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
10. “How often do you go to the cinema?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
11. “Do you live in London?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
12. “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
13. “Have you been to Paris?”

She asked me ______________________________________________________
14. “Can you help me?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
15. “Are you working tonight?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
16. “Will you come later?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
17. “Do you like coffee?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
18. “Is this the road to the station?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
19. “Did you do your homework?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
20. “Have you studied reported speech before?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
TOPIC 9: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI CÁC THÌ : THE PASSIVE VOICE WITH TENSES
* Quy tắc chung:
A: S + V + O
P: S + BE + VED/ V3 + BY + O
* Câu bò động với các thì trong Tiếng Anh:
1. Thì hiện tại đơn:
A: S + VO/VS,ES + O.
P: S + am/ is / are + Ved/ V3 + by + O.
2. Thì quá khứ đơn:
A: S + VED/V2 + O.
P: S + was/ were + Ved/ V3 + by + O.
3. Thì tương lai đơn:
A: S + WILL/SHALL+ V0 + O.
P: S + will/ shall + be + Ved / V3 + by + O.
4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

A: S + HAS / HAVE + VED/V3 + O.
P: S + has / have + been + Ved / V3 + by +O.
5. Thì tương lai gần:
A: S + BE GOING TO + V0 + O.
P: S + am going to be + ved / V3 + by + O.
6. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
A: S + HAD + VED/V3 + O.
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P: S + had + been + Ved / V3 + by + O.
7. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
A: S + IS/AM/ARE + VING + O.
P: S + am/is/ are + being + Ved / V3 + by + O.
8. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
A: S + WAS/WERE + VING + O.
P: S + was / were + being + Ved/ V3 + by + O.
Exercise 1: Change the sentences below into passive.
1. Mary is watering her flowers in the garden at present.
2. Did he tell her that her father was sick?
3. People can find a cure for cancer in the near future.
4. Mr. Green has just brought his mother a new table fan.
5. We will redecorate this house next week
6. They have found oil in the Antarctic
7. They made these T- shirts and jeans in the USA in 1900.
8. How long have you done that work ?
9. They held the 22
nd
SEA Games in Viet Nam in 2003
10. They are building some new houses there now.
11. They think that she did that test very well
12. Did his mother use to tell him stories ?

13. Do you make a new flute for this musician ?
14. Police are looking for a missing boy. They can’t find him anywhere
15. His mother has to wake him up every morning.
16. They had to cancel the flight because of the bad weather.
17. The secretary opens the mail every morning.
18. Today a large number of people speak English.
19. Did tome cane the dog?
20. A stone broke the window.
21. The servants didn’t do the work.
22. The army will complete that project next year.
23. They won’t punish him.
24. People don’t use this road very often.
25. People advised us not to go out alone.
26. How do people learn English?
27. We are following them.
28. The airplanes are dropping booms.
29. The cold wind is freezing my face.
30. We are defeating their army.
31. The keepers were feeding the lions.
32. His boss has transferred him to another department.
33. They have taken her to the hospital.
34. They had fastened his whole body to the ground.
35. The school boys had wasted a lot of time.
36. Something will have prevented you from coming.
37. They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.
38. They are mending your shoes at the moment.
39. Someone will drive your car to Ha Noi on Monday.
40. We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.
41. I have told the children.
42. We invited two hundred people to the wedding.

43. About thirty million people are watching this program.
44. Someone checks the water level every week.
45. The police are questioning Mr. and Mrs. Davidson.
46. You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.
47. They have cancelled the meeting.
48. We send the newspapers to the Scotland by train.
49. Someone has moved my chair.
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