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O7'P)P
04+Q!
04+Q!.
04+Q!1
.'(9!RE<!+",)-S
T04 
UO
/VW/OJTOXY
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I. LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
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II. NỘI DUNG
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b. Yêu cầu đặt ra khi cài đặt chương trình
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2. Thiết kế chương trình
a. Mô thức lập trình , mô hình phát triển chương trình và ngôn ngữ sử dụng
- Mô thức lập trình áp dụng :
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- Mô hình phát triển chương trình :
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b. Biểu đồ usecase :
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3. Giải quyết bài toán và các vấn đề gặp phải
a. Thuật toán tìm kiếm
i. MiniMax
“Minimaxl6^%)Y dIminmaxndI0N4T&'B%)T&!T4C"%)dˆ4&?-`4_?-`4Su%&6M0e6
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(Theo wikipedia)
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Đặc điểm của tìm kiếm MiniMax :
- f%&&"I%6&•%&6Ml%`?6g-h U?* @%4C^6&B &8?&/%n

- f%&4a '?6MOS Q?%I-|2-CJX& ;Sa 4&bS!%&#( %&J?SQ?S 6!6%'(64a 
'?%&c4Z
- NT&:64/T#Q4&[ ) J%lh
0
n
o h&7WaT&g%%&!%&
o 0SNWg?6g-490X `0
- NT&:64/T#QhN%&(lh0n
ii. Alpha-Beta cắt tỉa
c%SQ|2-CJ4C"%)490X `06bJ % J|dIWV*?-74_?J4c4626!6%v4#Id!
4C"%)0N46g-O%&'#]-4C"%)%&8%)hI 4"!%490X `04C"%)X&R%)) J%656d(%X& SN
T&g%%&!%&6J"#IqSNWg?d(%O# 76490X `0hx%) % J|dIX&R%)X&24& *"_?!
4a%4&[ ) J%490X `0Z

C$%4&564`O%& Q?%v4X&R%)6,%*?-74_?J0I#+%X&R%)2%&&'q%)S`%X`4
_?2490X `0Z.&'B%)T&!T490X `0dT&J„i4J6~44•J62 4& 7%S'o6S Q?SMZ
•4'q%)6bJ490X `0dT&J„i4J6~44•J
- &566&c4Sg-6&•dI0N462 4 `%6bJ % J|
- / 0w 0N4%v4WV6M;) !4CudT&J#Ji4J
o dT&Jd'?d/ l6]T%&]4d/ n) !4Cud(%%&c46bJ%v46!66"%6bJ%M4C"%)
4C'[%)&oT490X `00J|
o i4Jd'?d/ l6]T%&]4d/ n) !4Cuh‚%&c46bJ6!6%v46"%6bJ%M4C"%)
4C'[%)&oT490X `00 %
- / 0w h'(6490X `0WV4C?-Q%tham trịdT&J#Ii4J4( 6!6%v4490X `0
6"%
- ( 0w %&!%&490X `0X&R%)4&U62 4& 7%Sa #( ) !4CuSt6M4&9X&R%)6,%
|‚44( %&!%&490X `0SM%8J
-  76d"/ h†0N4%&!%&490X `04} WVX&R%)2%&&'q%)4( X`4_?26?a 6r%)
6bJ# 76490X `0


e4&U
- & 490X `0|?a%)%v46"%T&fJh$%T&2 O%v46"%h$%
T&2 4 `T|?a%)4 `TT&fJ*'( O%v4SM6M) !4Cu0
- `?0Œ•dT&J4&9%)J-d]T4:64J6M4&Ud"/ h†%&!%&
h$%6/%&hq *r6MS 4 `T4&9%v46&:J%&!%&0WV6&~6
6&~%X&R%)S'o66&Y%
&?]44"!%
- Hàm nextActionC2#Qtrạng tháiWV4&56& 7%qh'(6X`4 `Tl6"0S 0J|
n
o %T?44C/%)4&! hI%6[
o ?4T?44C/%)4&! X`4 `T6,%S`%
.
1
- I0maxSearch 4C2#Qgiá trịd(%%&c4lX&R%)T&2 4C"%)4c4626!64C'[%)
&oTn6bJ6!6%v46"%
o %T?44C/%)4&! hI%6[OdT&JOi4J
o ?4T?4|2-CJ;4C'[%)&oT
  !4Cud(%%&g46bJ6!6%v46"%4C"%)4C'[%)&oT0J|Œhi4J
B
 N4) !4Cu–•i4J
Z
- I0minSearch4C2#Qgiá trị%&†%&c4lX&R%)T&2 4C"%)4c4626!64C'[%)
&oTn6bJ6!6%v46"%
o %T?44C/%)4&! hI%6[OdT&JOi4J
o ?4T?4|2-CJ;4C'[%)&oT
  !4Cud(%%&g46bJ6!6%v46"%4C"%)4C'[%)&oT0J|Œhi4J
 N4) !4CuŒ•dT&J
S
iii. Các vấn đề gặp phải trong quá trình cài đặt
Có sử dụng hay không phép so sánh = trong Max >= Beta và Min <= Alpha

Hc-#f*e%v40I?6J0dI%v4hu6~4
& W{*e%)*c?•4C"%)490X `04C"%)4C'[%)&oT4C$%O*@4&c-%v4)a6dI%v4
4&56& 7%&I0nextAction WV6M4( EW5d5J6&Y%4C"%)# 76490X `0%'(6S X`4 `TO
4C"%)X& SM4&56W56&•4}%4/ *?-%&c40N4%'(6S *+%S`%X`4_?24a4&B%
c%SQ%I-6”%)6M4&U) 2 4&f6&hx%)# 764&?]44"!%6bJ0 %3iJC6&#J
0J|3iJC6&6&•6M4&US20h2"dIS,?CJ#Q0z4) !4Cu6bJ# 76490X `0dIX&R%)Sj
6&:X&R%)S20h2"S'o6Cx%)%'(6S SM6Mdw &J-X&R%)
I Sz44C$%4&564`6&"4&c-# 76S'J#I"*c?•dI06&"0!-4f%&S dw Cc4
%& Q?O#IX&!6&"I%4"I%W"#( # 76X&R%)SU*c?•Z
Vấn đề khi xảy ra trường hợp không ăn luôn quân vua của địch khi có thể ăn.
C"%)0N4#I 4C'[%)&oT|2-CJ|!6W?c46M4&UX`44&v6#!%6[%)J-*"# 76
490X `0JdT&Jhi4JZ
N
!6%v40I?|J%&dI6!6%v4WVX`44&v6#!%6[O0I?%)&7dIhu6~4O*@4&c-6"0WV
X&R%)S 4&i"%'(66M4&U4&~%)S'o6%)J-
&'#]-q&I0%i|464 "%4J6,%X U04CJ|i0q4C/%)4&! X`4 `T6M4&UX`4
4&v6#!%6[%)J-X&R%)O%`?6M4&9WVX&R%)6,%*?-740IS'J%)J-CJ4C/%)4&! 
6& `%4&~%)
if(bkCPiece != null )
if(bkCPiece.type == Const.KING){
finalList.clear();
finalList.add(from);
finalList.add(to);
// restore lai ban co
CBProcess.move(cBoard, to, from);
if(bkCPiece != null ){
cBoard.slot[to.x][to.y].cPiece = bkCPiece;
cBoard.cArray[Const.WHITE].add(bkCPiece);
}
cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.firstMoved = bkFirstMoved;

cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.type = bkType;
break;
}
[
Vấn đề khi quân vua đi lỗi để bị ăn
'B%)45%&'T&,%4C$%OWV4}%4/ |!6W?c4dI06&"# 76_?g%#?J—Sg0S,?˜#I"6&w
6&`4O#9#]-O4/ SNWg?=WVX U04CJ|i0_?g%#?J6Mhu1%hq %'(6* 6&?-U%#€JC}
X&R%)O%`?6M4&9WV4C2#Q0N4) !4CuSz6h 74) vT%i|464 "%%&]%CJ#Id"/ %'(6S
%I-O# 76%I-WVdI0q&I00 %3iJC6&l4C"%)4C'[%)&oT6"04900J|n
// neu nuoc di dan den quan vua bi an thi tra ve gia tri nho nhat cua int
if(depth == 1 && bkCPiece != null)
if(bkCPiece.type == Const.KING ){
// restore lai ban co
CBProcess.move(cBoard, to, from);
if(bkCPiece != null ){
cBoard.slot[to.x][to.y].cPiece = bkCPiece;
cBoard.cArray[Const.WHITE].add(bkCPiece);
}
cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.firstMoved = bkFirstMoved;
cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.type = bkType;
return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
}
Vấn đề trong kỹ thuật lập trình : sinh ra các trạng thái hoàn toàn mới hay
chuyển đổi trạng thái đối tượng bàn cờ hiện tại
- ,?#I"dI0N4Sa 4'o%)h"JC*
- $?6,?W %&CJ6!64C/%)4&! X`4 `T
- c%SQ)zTT&2 6M;T&'B%)T&!T
o .&'B%)T&!T=3 %&CJ6!6Sa 4'o%)&"I%4"I%0( SN6d]Td]T#( Sa 
4'o%)h"JC*hJ%S,?


o .&'B%)T&!T;&•*r%)Sa 4'o%)hJ%S,?#I4&J-Sj 4C/%)4&! %N 
hN4C"%)%M
Phân tích phương pháp 1 :
-  764/"0( 0N4Sa 4'o%)WV2%&&'q%)hq %& Q?#c%SQOSz6h 74dI# 76
4C/%)4&! & 7%4/
- g-4C^6&B qSNWg?6I%)6J"WV6I%)4a%%& Q?4&[ ) J%#ISU4/"Sa 
4'o%)0( lS`%&I%)4C 7?hI%6[0( l%v40( nO0w hI%6[6&:J&I%)4C10
Sa 4'o%)n
- )R%%)8pJ#J6cTT&!4hN%&(6&]0&B%6!6%)R%%)8%&'OŠŠ
for(int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++){
int g[] = new int[200];
for(int j = 0; j < 200; j++)
g[j] = 0;
}
a%>OEPlWn6&•SU4&56& 7%# 766cTT&!4#IX&q 4/"4C$%
Phân tích phương pháp 2 :
- .&'B%)T&!T;X&~6T&e6S'o6%&'o6S U04C$%4?-%& $%X& # `46&'B%)4C9%&
WVT&:64/T&B%
- 3 %&CJ6!6%'(6S l6&:X&R%)W %&CJ4C564 `ThI%6[0( n
ArrayList<Coord> list = CBProcess.generate(cBoard, Const.WHITE);
- .&2 hJ6X?T4C/%)4&! hI%6[4C'(6X& h `%Sj 4C/%)4&!
// backup quan o vi tri se den trong truong hop bi an
bkCPiece = cBoard.slot(to).cPiece;
// backup trang thai lan dau di chuye
bkFirstMoved = cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.firstMoved;
// backup kieu cua quan co di chuyen trong truong hop tot phong hau
bkType = cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.type;
- .&2 CiW4"Ci4C/%)4&! hI%6[X& St4&56& 7%|"%)0Y 4f%&4"!%
CBProcess.move(cBoard, to, from);
if(bkCPiece != null ){

cBoard.slot[to.x][to.y].cPiece = bkCPiece;
cBoard.cArray[Const.BLACK].add(bkCPiece);
}
cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.firstMoved = bkFirstMoved;
cBoard.slot(from).cPiece.type = bkType;

b. Hàm định trị
&c4d'o%)6bJ6&'B%)4C9%&6&B 6[T&e4&?N6Cc4%& Q?#I"&I0Su%&4CuZ`?&I0
S!%&) !6&"4JW5S!%&) !X&R%)6&f%&|!6#Q6!64C/%)4&! O%M6M4&U&'(%)*+%4J
S 4( 4C/%)4&! S'o6|i0dI4a4O%&'%)4&564`dIhc4do
& `4X`0N4&I0S!%&) !4a4dIX&MOS^ &† _?J%4g0S`%%& Q?%&g%4a6bJhI%6[
i. Chiến lược 1
Định lượng giá trị cho quân cờ :
- w 0N4_?g%6q4C$%hI%6[WV6M0N4) !4CuX&!6%&J?OT&e4&?N60:6SN
_?J%4CY%)6bJ_?g%SM4C$%hI%6[O6e4&U%&'WJ?
o public static final int KING_VALUE = 1000000;
o public static final int QUEEN_VALUE = 1000;
o public static final int BISHOP_VALUE = 350;
o public static final int KNIGHT_VALUE = 300;
o public static final int ROOK_VALUE = 500;
o public static final int PAWN_VALUE = 100;
- ;h$%WV6M) !4Cu_?g%6[Sa %)'o6%&J?
o $%4C~%)WV0J%)) !4Cu_?g%6[*'B%)
o $%Si%WV0J%)) J4Cu_?g%6[g0
  76Su%&4Cu6bJhI%6[WVdI4j%)6bJ4c4626!6_?g%6[6^%4}%4/ 4C$%hI%6[
public static int cal_v(CBoard cBoard, int color) {
int value = 0;
// Tinh tong diem cua cac quan tren ban co
CArray cArray;
CPiece temp;

cArray = cBoard.cArray[Const.WHITE];
for(int i = 0; i < cArray.n; i++){
temp = cArray.array[i];
value += temp.value;
}
// tinh tong diem quan den
cArray = cBoard.cArray[Const.BLACK];
for(int i = 0; i < cArray.n; i++){k
temp = cArray.array[i];
value += temp.value;
}
return value;
}
Mục đích của chiến lược :

-  vT0!-6M|?&'(%)1%_?g%Su6&&"z6Sj _?g%6M) !4Cud(%&B%%&x04/"
'?4&`&B%l4j%)) !4Cu%)& $%)#QT&fJ6Mdo 6&"0!-n
-  vT0!-T&"%)4&bO6&/-_?g%X& hu%)?-& U0l4j%)) !4Cu%)& $%)#QT& J
X&R%)6Mdo 6&"0!-n
ii. Chiến lược 2
Định lượng mức độ quản lý bàn cờ
- C"%)4C'[%)&oT6&B #( 0N4%)'[ _?2%dˆhI%6[4a4O0!-6&•*r%)&I0Su%&
4Cu%&'4C$%WV6MCc4f4&"z6X&R%)6M%'(6S 4a '?ZC/%)4&! hI%6[Sa #( 
0!-SJ%)CB #I"6[hfZ Q?%I-WV*+%S`%# 760!-WVS %&8%)%'(6#R
%)&LJ&"z60c4_?g%*"S %'(64}
- $?6,?Sz4CJS'J#I") !4Cu6&"6!6%'(6S 6M4&U6bJ_?g%6[%&x0
—X&?-`%X&f6&˜_?g%6[S #I"#u4Cf6MX&2%1%)_?2%dˆ6I%)%& Q?R6I%)4a4
// he so gia tri cua mot nuoc co the di chuyen
// mobiliy coefficient
public static final int KING_MCO = 0;

public static final int QUEEN_MCO = 1;
public static final int BISHOP_MCO = 1;
public static final int KNIGHT_MCO = 2;
public static final int ROOK_MCO = 1;
public static final int PAWN_MCO = 1;
- f%&4"!%6&"&7Wa_?2%dˆhI%6[
ways * mCo;
o ‘J-WWa%'(66M4&U* 6&?-U%4(
o 0"&76M) !4Cu4C$%0N4%'(6S
- f%&4"!%) !4CuhI%6[WV4&56& 7%%&'WJ?
public static int cal_vm(CBoard cBoard, int color) {
int value = 0;
// Tinh tong diem cua cac quan tren ban co
CArray cArray;
CPiece temp;
cArray = cBoard.cArray[Const.WHITE];
for(int i = 0; i < cArray.n; i++){
temp = cArray.array[i];
.