Báo cáo tiến độ nghiên cứu đề tài khoa học sinh viên xây dựng ứng dụng trên môi trường di động


KHOA TOÁN – CÔNG NGHỆ
BÁO CÁO TIẾN ĐỘ NGHIÊN CỨU
ĐỀ TÀI KHOA HỌC SINH VIÊN

 !"#$%&'(#')
Chủ nhiệm đề tài: Đinh Bảo Mạnh
Tel: 01682666814 Email:
Cộng tác viên: Bùi Hồng Quân
Tel: 01672657131 Email:

Giảng viên hướng dẫn: ThS.Phạm Đức Thọ
Phú Thọ, 2013
*!+ +, /!01!2!345+6745 38297-2+:;-<=2>0
+?1@A BC +D E+,F1=1?G  HI94J A+
B-K 4L M945-:2NO+P!02QRS P+:2LT:2>0I2>0
TUTV9=45 -B45  +, /;KW;E5+TV2!+-X NTU
-BIE!-Y38-+2+:2I-Z T+V/!-X N-4=2[ T4W-
B-IP\0 +J-X NTU1!2!T4W-TV2!+ +, /F1=B-M
]2R>Z=-X NO+-\2!-DLM
Lời mở đầu:
U]+ !0-! ;?229+^I2G 2+ !0-! 29_,;1 ;XIT=
3A E!; 2A;M`7PK a2G 2+TU29_,]2EbTV-b;2+:2
->T4W- +D+c/0:2MG  H2G 2+9=TJ+E!;?229+VdOe
RfZ EbTV29B TA+TMK E5+67;?229+^=- -<=
-G  H2G 2+I-1 4J+TU g9=9b2+V/. 3h ;h-Eh
-1/->/E!RW+i--1-1 4J+M91 Tj\07  h 
9,G+94J +] kl R!]2. 3h !-1 4J+c/=
2\+V/b2M
Bản báo cáo tiến độ gồm có:

M*?1-?12a c/=EV2m294J 2G 2+3+T]
Mn+^/EV]26o G ZRp;29nqNP
-
- 3 -
I.Mục Đích Của Đề Tài"
V2!+T4W-1!2+Hdh-Ti- +, /2a c/=EV3m-
EhE+r2G 291 G+294J 3+T] I29,-L6_TEp3h R+
1A2E!127-2:-/0H]+3/ -<=]229= qNP6+2N-<=294J 
A+B-K 4L 6= 3A 1P+RNT^-2^29/0p;T4W-
29,2+:2Pm3+T] M
II. Đối Tượng Phạm Vi Nghiên Cứu:
so+24W  +, /"o+24W  +, /-<=TV2!+R!-?-3m-
Eh2G 2+291 G+294J 3+T] M
s@AE+ +, /"R!-?-3m-Eh2G 2+291 G+294J 3+
T] T= T4W- +, /T= T4W-;?229+^_45-2=-l 4
29,2: +5+M
III. Phương Pháp Nghiên Cứu:
V2!+ 6tEp3h ]2-?-R1 +-E!F1=B-+V/;4L C;?;
 +, /F?-=/4";4L ;?;2/2p;2!+R+H/I;4L ;?;
2a W;;\2i-3ZR+H/u[T-T4W--?-n21!3+HI2a 
2^b2!TV2!+ +, /M
IV. Công Việc Đã Thực Hiện:
IV.1. Báo cáo Về Lịch Sử Phát Triển Của Dịch vụ Thông Tin Trên
Môi Trường Di Động:
#+-?- !2G 2+c/D P?Pd EG2/0:;?229+^2nf24_ 
EV2+:2PmT+H21A+EG2/0:9=TJ+E!-l R!2+V2\-<=A 
2G 2+3+T] 6=/!0MvwxyzIA T+H21A+EG2/0:T>/2+,
T4W-2e +H2A+`{1/+6IP= +661/9+-<=|M `=/Z v
}~IE+H-;?2+9=-b2P?38-l D4_ R5T:RgE7-
2G 2+3+T] M 3h -?-R+F+HP?38E!12G 2+3+T] 

TU-D+2+H]26o4W-T+^!2945-T\0-4=R!T4W-M/p2 Z
2G 2+3+T] 2:P!19=TJ+E!1Z v•~IF+F:2W;T4W--?-
EK ;<6 9+, R€2!-G ITU +D+T4W-P!+21?FEV3/ 
R4W M? w•Cwx•wT4=9=H2o -NRR/R=9F|2/p224L 27I‚I_
-
- 4 -
3D+2>6oƒ}~„M7=29,-G  H!0T:vwxƒ'IA T+H
21A+3+T] …@`(…3E=-N1P+RN@1N`N9E+-N);h-Eh24L 
A+T>/2+,2A++-= 1I45-|M`=/T! R1A2-?--/†2G 
2+3+T] 9=TJ+4193+-1P+RNNRN;1N()I12=R… N66
1/+-=2+1`062N(…`)M +=+T1A!0 B+R!H2o 3+T] 
24L 272:HT>/2+,(w)E5+3D+2> ‡;I2b2-D-?-H2o w6e
3h T+V/-:2>6o‚-1T!21A+IT+V/-:F1?3m-2>‚`#
(‚9Nc/N-0`+ˆ2#N0+ )-12i+H/E!F|2/p229/0-p;T4W-6e3h 
R!‚…(‚9Nc/N-0+E+6+1/R2+;RN… N66)M
:H2.•(•)T4W-;aP+:291 6/o22p;+,x~M`7;?229+^
-G  H2G 2+3+T] 2:H2.=+-K -?-2+Hi--<=TU
R!PK aR4W 2/,P=13+T] 29,21!->/M\0R!2J+F‰
-/0^Ta+2[-?--G  H==R1 6= 3+ +2=RM +=+T1A!0--?-
H2o 2G 2+3+T] 6o4"`Cx~~Š(R1P=R`062Nˆ19
1P+RN)I  `Cwƒ~~Š  (+ +2=R  193RN66  `062N)I  @C
wx~~„(@N961=R+ +2=RNRR/R=9)I`C}yE!`Cx}(2N9+19`2=3=93)M
91 T`R!2+V2\-<==+H2o `I@M?-H2o 
6e3h F|2/p2…(+N+E+6+1/R2+;RN… N66) 1A+29[`C
x}6e3h F|2/p2…(13N+E+6+1/R2+;RN… N66)M
:H•-FDv -/ -b;3m-EhT=3A I-?-2+Hi-‹29W-1
-G  H2G 2+I-1;Œ;2/,P=127-+Hc/?29n-/0^EK 
c/o-2:2A1FDv  +ZR+,RA-291 ]23+H9] F+B3+-/0^
2[c/o- +=!06= c/o- +=F?-M
:H2.P=(')I2[vwxx•]+ m2: +5+29/0V2G 3!

-129/0V2G ]26o3D+2>-1H2o 3+T] '";a9] 
•'~„291 3D+2>•„I291 Tz~„T4W-3!-1R+,RA-
EH2+M`=/T{+,+H;•/o-:9/0VG (%)-<294L ]2
H2o 3+T] c/o-2:21!->/E5+37?C•~~~6e3h 291 
-?-3D+wƒƒ}C•~•}„E!•ww~C••~~„M
:H' Ž--?-F|2/p2"•C…(•+3NP=3…)F+^/
‚E!C…(+N+E+6+1…)F+^/Mh-2+,/-<=
C•~~~R! +X;-1-?-2/,P=1R+,RA-E5+=/E!6e3h -?-
3m-EhT=29/0V2G 29,;AE+2: +5+IE5+R4/R4W P+2T+2[
wyy#P+2•6291 EK 9] E!R,T:•P;6291 EK Tm=;4L M
m-EhP‘2T>/E!1v•~~wC•~~•M
-
- 5 -
VI.1.1 Sự phát triển của dịch vụ viễn thông trong môi trường di
động:
#+]2-G  H5+9=TJ+FŒ12N1679=TJ+-<=]26D;†5+M
!2+:;2N1TR!F_+T>/-1-?-3m-Eh?+9=2+VE5++V/R1A+
nF+31=F?-=/M
91  !3m-Eh3+T] -l FG -67F?-P+H2M*‘2 /Ž2[
Z -/]-+-/0H’FG ->3\0’c/=6 9=3+1E!1Z 
vwƒx~-<=2:F“wxIT+H21A+3+T] 9=TJ+IFŒ12N1]2 /Ž
RW+/pPŒ1P_-1-?-!-/ -b;3m-Eh’v2N1’M
Z vwxx~I-?-3m-EhT+H21A+-+:Rg2m294J 3m-Eh
3+T] IT:=02nnTU1!21!F?-I3m-Eh3ZR+H/E!T=
;4L 2+HTUE4W2”R,IT+F•2N1TO/b2+H-?-F?++HEV
3m-EhI; 2A;LE!29D+9] 29,21!->/MK=•v•~~~I-?-
29= qNP]+3/ 6NO;?229+^AI-25+! 29+H/ 4J+29_
2!T]- +D-<=Z 29= qNP!0M?-!;\2i--19d 6t
FG -=+c/=2\T:2N9N2c/=3+T] EnFi-245--<=!
nc/?QM

/0+,I27-2:RA+T+ 4W-RA+Z 6/0R/p-<=-?-!;\2i-M
/o+v•~~wI6o 4J+6e3h 2N9N2c/=1P+RNTUR,T:! 
29+H/ 4J+M
sm-E/``"
+‘P=T>/T4W-2+:2F:-1H2o A 3+T] `E5+
h-2+,/ e+2G P?1-1-?-2/,P=1T^-J N-?-2421A+
(E1+-N=+R)M{X-TIFG =+ gT:FDv  e+E!p-?-T1A
EvPD +Z==+T+H21A+E5+=/M:vwxxyI13=ˆ1NTU29_
2!!-/ -b;3m-EhT>/2+,2A+…9=‘2-?-3m-Eh3ZR+H/I
ˆ=OE!2+‘``Mm-Eh2+‘=- ;?229+^IE!T4W-
2v 2o-J-?-3m-Eh2+‘-1-?-2/,P=129D2945-M5+67
F_+T>/FG T4W--/oX2R‘2A+|I4 ``29_,EG-K 
;aP+:2A+-?-2m294J -\//I-\/–E!—-IT˜-P+H2E5+Z 
 4J+29€2!2mM``TU29_2!]2291 Z 3m-Eh2!
-G 97-9™b2-<=Rm-6e3m-Eh3+T] M 4J+2=6e3h (2+
‘``)4]2-?-2A19=6724L 2?- +Z=F? +DE!T!+29/0V
nM!]229!1R4/5+n2!I;?229+^At-125+P\0
+JMNRA+ /Ž2/Fa RŽ-1-?-!-/ -b;3m-Eh]+3/ I
TŽ 2J+= RA++V/2G 2+IF+:2 E! +!/2i +D+29i-1
 4J+3K M
-
- 6 -
s?-3m-Eh3+T] -2^T4W--+=2!y"
C/]- B+
C2N9N2
C+‘
C]+3/
*,-An2  B+29/0V2o  +Z=-?-T+H21A+I3m-Eh-/]-
B+3+T]  +JT\0T4W-Pa6/ 2,+V/n2 5+I;1 ;X
E!2A19=+V/ +?29m5+"

s/]- B+29/0Vn
s/]- B+]+ m2N9N2
s1P+RN+2N9N2
s1P+RN+29=N2•NO29=N2
IV.2: Tìm Hiểu về HTML, WML và PHP.
1. Tìm Hiều về Ngôn Ngữ HTML:
{(2+: …IE+:22‘2-1HyperText Markup LanguageI=0R!
š G Z?3b/`+,/EvPDš)R!]2 G ZT?3b/T4W-
2+:2F:9=T^2A1,-?-29= qNPE5+-?-†/2G 2+T4W-29n
P!029,•19R3•+3N•NPM{T4W-Tm g=4R!]2. 
3h TL +D-<=`{E!T4W-6e3h 291 -?-2a- ->T:
-?-0,/->/O/b2PD; 2A;M{TU29_2!]2-/†2N9N2
31 2a- •19R3•+3N•NP16192+/(•')3/029nM@+,PD
-i2 5+b2-<={R!{yM~w(wxxx)M`=/TI-?-!
;?229+^TU2=02:Pd {M+H=0I{T= T4W-
;?229+^2+:;E5+;+,PD{}.=‡= RA+3+HA15+
-1•NPM
]2ˆ+RNM2RP=1 Ž-.=-?-2€(2= )Tm3A {M
?-2€{6tc/0Tm-?-+^2m29,29n3/0H2M
‚+RNTm3A {;D+T4W- +RA+E5+;>_9] R!M2R
1˜-M2
-
- 7 -
^61A2D1]2ˆ+RN{-X 2=-2^3K Pb2F‰]229n61A
2D1TL +D!1(12N;=3I;6;=3Iq193IMMM)
CThẻ trình bày trang
+ Một số thẻ chính
?-2!;>29nP!029= T^Tm3A -D]2T1AEvPDE!
;D+d291 ;>2\-<=2!+R+H/M+V/2€T4W-6e3h 4 
291 2!+R+H/!0-Y29nP!0]26o2€29nP!0-i"Tm3A 

;>Tm=-Y(
›…œ``•
)IT1AEvPD(
›@•
)IO/o 3S (
›*•
)I
-v-i +Z=(
›œœ•
)IT4J F€ = (
›•
)IT1AEvPDTU
Tm3A 6ž(
›@œ•
)I29i-38 /Ž2!+R+H/(
›*LOCKQUOTE>
)
a. Định dạng phần địa chỉ
1P+:22G 2+4Tm=-YI3=2+:;E!2?- +DI24J T˜2_T>/
=0-/o+2!+R+H/M
€Tm3A "
›…œ``•u›•…œ``•
b. Đoạn văn bản
€!03K T^O?-Tm]2T1AEvPDM€
›@•
(@=9= 9=;)-
2^3K F•2/]-2iT^bTm-?-29nP!0T1AEvPDM
YR! +5+A]2T1A;=9= 9=;I-?-P!029i31-?-2!;>F?-
2A12!M4J -Y-F1D 29o F1D ]23S =0e=3S 
2945-  ;=9= 9=;I  29[  F+  d  291  ;>  Tm=  -Y 

›…œ``•u
›•…DRESS>
M]26o29n3/0H22^+H3S T>/-<=;=9= 9=;2h2
E!1M
€Tm g=3A "
›@•MMM›•@•
›@=R+ ŸkRNˆ2 -N2N9 9+ 2k•MMM›•@•
]2T1AEvPD9‹ R!]23S 29‘ M
nT>/3S (=99+= NN2/9)FG -+H/R7-O/o 3S 5+
!-Y-2?-3h 4]23b/-?-I31T-2^2A1]23S 3U
-?-(]23S 29‘ ) +Z=-?-T1AEvPD->;D+6e3h 2€
›@•
M
94J W;!0-Y->3K 2€
›@•
TLR€IFG ->2€T M
-
- 8 -
c. Xuống dòng
€!03K T^O/o 3S 5+M*‘2P/]-O/o 3S 2A+Em29i ˜;2[
F=!0MS 5+T4W--vRV43S T4W-P€27T] F+3S T
c/?3!+
€Tm g=3A "
›*•
d. Đường kẻ ngang
€!02A19=T4J F€ = (19+„12=R/RN) v-?- +Z=-?-
;>291 2!+R+H/M
€Tm g=3A "
›•
›q+32Ÿ¡ (;+ONR)6+„NŸ=R+ ŸRNˆ2 -N2N9 9+ 16=3N•

e. Căn chính giữa
€!03K T^-v-YT1AEvPD_ +Z=-+V/9] 29= Ev
PDM
€Tm g=3A "
›œœ•MMM›•œœ•
€!0-l -2?-3h O/o 3S F+F:22X-T1AEvPDM
f. Đoạn văn bản đã định dạng sẵn
+5+AT1AEvPDTUT4W-Tm3A 6ž(;9NCˆ19=22N3)->T4W-
2^+HPd ;G -Z-T]9] Ff27FG Ta+(31;D+2” -]2)M
:/FG -2/]-2i
•
T+-K 2nPV9] ˜-TmR!ƒ~Ff
27•3S M*V9] y~Iƒ~E!w'•T4W-2^+H2o+4/I-S-?-PV9] 
F?--2^T4W-R!29SM
€Tm g=3A "
›@œ•MMM›•@œ•
91 -?-2!;>2945-"
b/O/o 3S 6t-f g=-/0^6= 3S 5+(-.FG -SR!
3b/-?-)
›@•
FG 3K M:/6tT4W--1+4O/o 3S
4W-;Œ;3K -?-2!;>R+,F:2bA
#G T4W--.=-?-2!;>Tm3A ;=9= 9=;(2+,/TVITm=-YI
u)
-
- 9 -
#f27…*(-U%`C…`E!`¢Cƒƒ}xCwR!x);D++^/R!6o3b/
-?-Qb26=1-1T:Ff272+:;2N1_Em29iR!P]+-<=ƒM/0+,
FG ,3K M
g. Trích dẫn nguồn tài liệu khác

K T^29i-38]2T1AEvPDI24J T4W-2^+HPd -Z
 +, --vRV2h2E!1291 (4]2;=9= 9=;)E!24J -]2
3S 29o 29,E!345+M
€Tm g=3A "
›*{¢#•%¢œ•MMM›•*{¢#•%¢œ•
+ Tài Liệu HTML đơn giản
^3rn3/ IPAU0p;T1AU345+T\0E!1]229n61A
2D1!1T!-6ž29,?0-<=PA(12N;=3I`q193IMMM)M
›2R•
›N=3•
›2+2RN•+V/TV/-<=2!+R+H/›•2+2RN•
›•N=3•
›P130•
›;•45+T\0R!]+3/ ›P•-<=PA›•P•›•;•
›•P130•
›•2R•
+RA+ˆ+RNE[=61A2D1E!1a"E5+2,2N62M2R1˜-2N62M2M^
_ˆ+RN!0PA6t-A029n3/0H22N9N2œO;R19N9(œ)1˜-‚+9Nˆ1OM
[N/‚+RN-B¢;Nˆ+RNMMME!29Q25+ˆ+RN!PA5+ +RA+M
`=/F+ +RA+PA-2^-R+-FTX;E!1ˆ+RNE[= +I•+31q66t27
T] -A0-4L 29n2i-W;T^_ˆ+RNM
s£ g=-<=]26o2€291 T1AU{29,46=/"
€›2R•MMM›•2R•-Y9=9d T\0R!2A+R+H/-Tm3A {
›N=3•MMM›•N=3•6t-.=]26o2G 2+-<=29= (2+,/TVI-?-T4J 
R+F25+]26oˆ+RNF?-M)!FG T4W-+^2m291 -e=6o29n
3/0H2M
-
- 10 -
›P130•MMM›•P130•@>!06t-.=21!P]]+3/ -<=29= E!6t
T4W-+^2m29,-e=6o29n3/0H2M

*A-2^ +ˆ+RN{2N1]2291 =+;>_9] R!M2R
1˜-M2I-D=+;>_9] 29,TV/T4W-‹29WP_+-?-29n3/0H2
4œI‚+9Nˆ1OI¢;N9=IMMM
 1!+  ]2  6o  29n  61A  2D1  {  =  2i  24L  A+  4
(ˆ12;= NI39N=q9=EN9Iœ3+2;R/6IMMM)I2n-l -FG i2Z 29n
61A2D1U{¢;N61/9-N+r;i2o2FG FŒM45+T\0R!
]26o29n61A2D1PA-2^2D++r;iT^3K M
@6;=3
12N;=3ss
`-+œ
A. Hình Ảnh Tĩnh
A.1 Tệp ảnh
‹+DT4W-R4/ +Z291 ?02i2!]22H;9+, P+H2MH;D
-+V/Tm3A F?-=/I2^+Hc/=;>_9] (T/G+)-<=2,
2H;"¤MP;I¤M +ˆI¤M¥;N I¤M¥; Iu
/0+,-?-29n3/0H2-Y-2^j+^/kT4W--?-2H;D345+3A 
‚=0¦@œMnD3A ‚T4W-6e3h 9] 9U+b229,
2N9N2I6=/TR!T:-?-D3A ¦@œM
A.2. Thẻ <IMG…>
X;?;-•DE!129= •NP"
›`Ÿk%{k•

(= N)I2/]-2i
`
(`1/9-N)R!T4J 38T:L+Rb02H;DM
+?29m-<=2/]-2i`T4W- ?Pd %{R!]2Tm=-Y29,?0
2iTm=;4L =029,2N9N2M-Y9=L+R4/29Z2H;D->-•
E!1M
m=-Y%{P?1-129n3/0H2P+:2->Rb02H;D_T\/M
:/2H;Dd =029,?02iTm=;4L 2n-> +9§T4J 

38
-
- 11 -
:/2H;DRb02[]2L+F?-29,2N9N22n;D+ +T>0T<Tm=-Y
%{
A.3. Các thuộc tính của thẻ chèn hình ảnh
91 2€-S-]26o2/]-2iF?-4" …{I•I
œI…{I`@…œI`@…œI*¢œ
A.4. Thuộc tính ALT
/]-2i
ALT
¨…{N9=2+EN-1;Œ;2=-•]2T1A-Z2=02:
E!1-‹-nE!+HR,O\/-X2i-F+T4=29Q-/]2E!1DM
/]-2i!03K 291 294J W;29n3/0H2FG +^2mT4W-
nD2n6t+H3S EvPD2=02:M{!4Ep0T^Z 
 4J+6e3h 29n3/0H2FG -FDv TB-D=0TU2‘2- 
v TB-DT^2v 2o-T]-2^P+:2T4W-TR!nD nE!B-
2^-BON6=/:/-2J+ +=M,R/G6e3h 2/]-2i!0F+
T4=nDE!129= •NPEn+V/ 4J+/o-2o-T]-=1IR452
=c/=-?-2G 2+R!-iTU2‘2- v TB-D-<=29n
3/0H2E8-2^P+:2T4W-DT= ]+3/  nM
+HD©(FG +HR,)F+-E!FG 6e3h 2/]-2i…{
:/FG 6e3h 2/]-2i
…{
2n2A+-‹-n6t+H2[
IMAGE
1˜-P+^/24W DPmF/0:2M
A.5. Thuộc tính WIDTH và HEIGHT
/]-2i
•

E!
œ
3K T^O?-Tm-+V/9] E!-+V/
-=1-<=DM+?29m!0-2^2i2N1;>29v(¡)1˜-;+ONRM
Xf"
:/T˜2-+V/9] E!-+V/-=1FG -/†6tR!n291 DPm
-1 +UŒ1T+M^F‘-;h-4W-T+^!0I2=,OeRfDT^Fi-
245-;KW;E5+0,/->/M
…MzM/]-2i…{
/]-2i
…{
-1;Œ;-YRA+Em29i-<=D2N1-D=+-+V/
 = E!-+V/3B-M
N1-+V/3B-"
…{Ÿ{œI…{Ÿ¢@I…{Ÿ*¢¢
-
- 12 -
N1-+V/ = "
ALIGN=LEFT, ALIGN=RIGHT
:/4FG -2/]-2i!02n˜-TmDT4W-T˜22A+TX L+
T˜22€3 29,-K 3S -ZI2N1-A345+-<=F/ nM
A.7. Thuộc tính VSPACE và HSPACE
#+6e3h 2/]-2i…{IDT4W--•E!13S EvPDE5+
-?--Z3i6?2R+VM/]-2i`@…œE!`@…œ3K T^2A1
F1D 29o QE+VO/ c/=D(2i2N1TLEm;+ONR)M
`@…œŸ
,F1D 29o 2N1-+V/3B-
`@…œŸ
,F1D 29o 2N1-+V/ =
B. Thẻ neo và mối liên kết

?-R+,F:26+,/EvPD291 ]22!+R+H/{R!T^2=-+:/T:
]22!+R+H/F?-=0]2;>2!+R+H/F?-d291 2!+R+H/TM
{+,F:26+,/EvPD Ž-P=;>" +=12 I-?+N1E!Tm=-Y=0
%{
^2A1]2o+R+,F:22nE+H-T>/2+,->R!R!2+:2Rp;-?+N1M
˜;2€2A1N1R!
<A>…</A>
(…-19)M€!0-+V/2/]-2iP‘2
P/]-;D+O?-Tm9§I2=6t2n+^/F|L_;>6=/M
B.1 Thuộc tính HREF
œ‚
(0;N92NO2œ‚N9N-N¨2=-+:/6+,/EvPD)T4W-3K T^
R+,F:2T:"
]22!+R+H/F?-(NO2N9=RR+F)=0
]2;>F?-d291 -i2!+R+H/T= TB-(+2N9=RR+F)
+=12 T^2=-+:/
HREF
R!@M:/R!R+,F:2]+2A+¨+2N9=R
R+F2nFG ->;D+-;> +=12 M
B.2: Liên kết ra ngoài – External Links
,ªR+,F,«2T,«G¬22=-+R+,¬/F=«-I2=-\-;=ª+P+,«2T+¬=-+ª%{-/ª=2=-+
R+,¬/T+«-M/® -\-;=ª+-+ª-G®I24L- R=-G¬21«E=-+24-T,ªR=-T\-/
G«+R+,F,«2M1«24-=-06N®TGª+=-/T,ª;\P+,¬2I-1-/G¬2291ªE=-16N®
-
- 13 -
-1«+-P=-2=0E=-F+\«-/G¬22+-29= 6+,/EvP=ªT+«-6N®T4L¬-
+,ª2+¬M,-1¬-=«-24-R=-T\-/G«+6=1-1 L¬+2=ªE=-6=1-124¬
+,IFG D4_ T:]+3/ E!f g=-<=-\/EvM9=«6e
3h Rv¬;T+Rv¬;R=¬+-\/š\«E=-1T\0šF+2=¬1T\-/G«+R+,F,«2M/«;=«;
T,ª2=¬19=G¬2G«+R+,F,«22L«+2=-+R+,¬/F=«-CR+,F,«29= 1=-+CR=-

46=/"
›…œ‚Ÿš%{š•2[T>/o+R+,F:2›•…•
B.3. Địa chỉ tuyệt đối
#+R+,F,«22L«+G¬22,¬;v-Lª 1!+=«02+«-/¬-PG¬2=;=ª+,/91® +=1
24«-E=-T\-0T/ªT+¬=-+ª%{-/ª=2,¬;T+«-M
›…œ‚Ÿšˆ/RR%{š•MMM›•…•
B.4: Địa chỉ tương đối
,«/R+,F,«2T,«G¬22,¬;Lª =029,=«0-/ª-/ª=P=¬2+-FG -\-
3/- T+¬=-+ª%{2/0,¬2TG«+=-3/- T+¬=-+ª24L TG«+M=0-1%{R=-
2,2,¬;-/- EL«+T4L- T\®T,«24/¬-L+-4«=2,¬;T+«-M
›…œ‚Ÿš;=2¯ˆ+RN=Nš•MMM›•…•
B.5. Liên kết nội tại – Internal Link
/® -1«2,ª2=¬1G«+R+,F,«2291 P=ª2\2=-+R+,¬/6+,/EvP=ªI24-;\-
=-0T,«;\-F=«-M+,-/=-09\«2-1«+«-F+2=-+R+,¬/-1«F+«-24L«-RL«M=
-1«2,ª2=¬1/¬-R/¬-21=-PG¬G¬+3/ 29,;\-T\-/29=  G-2,-=«-
-4L E=-R+,F,«224- 2,-4L T,«;\-G¬+3/ 24L 4« M,ª
R=-T+,-/=-0I-\-T=«3\«/T+,ªT+«-CP11F=9FC-/ª=R+,F,«2Pv- 2NªN1
›……œŸš,T+^Ti-š•
-1-291 2NªN12=¬+T+,ªT\-/-/ª=G«+R+,F,«22+-2=0%{Pv- 2,
1«+29,M
›…œ‚Ÿš,T+^Ti-š•
-
- 14 -
{4/0«-1«2,3\«/š°šM
C. Dùng hình ảnh làm đầu mối liên kết
C.1.Thay chữ bằng hình
4_;>29,I-b/29X-2!;>{o+R+,F:26+,/EvPD
R!"
›…œ‚Ÿš>/o+R+,F:2š•
^2=0jT>/o+R+,F:2kP_+]2P+^/24W I=0]2nDMMM=

-Y->-•]2nD=0P+^/24W TE!1Em29i-<=jT>/o+
R+,F:2kM
C.2. Đưa âm thanh vào tài liệu
C,3: Liên kết đến tệp âm thanh
^-•]2T1A\2!E!12!+R+H/{2=-l 2N1TX c/0
2‘-2A1o+R+,F:22G 24J M91 2€N1I2A+Tm=T+^%{P\0
+JR!Tm=-Y-<=2H;\2=M
45+T\0R!]2Ei3hEVE+H--•\2!E!12!+R+H/M#+b
-/]2E!1o+R+,F:2!0I2H;\2=6tT4W-;?2RA+M
›…œ‚Ÿk/6+-•;=;=M9+k•@=;=›•…•
C.4 Màu nền và văn bản
C.5. Đặt màu nền
^EvPD29_,T‡;E!b;38ITG+F+T˜2V-129= 6+,/Ev
PDM/G¬-2+«*¢{¢(*=-F 91/31R19)M/- 2/G¬-2+«=-0
FN-2Nª›*¢•T,ªTv¬2=-/,--1EvP=ªM/«;?;46=/"
›*¢*¢{¢Ÿš°99 PPš•
]+3/ -<=2!+R+H/
›•*¢•
291 T1«š°99 PPšR=-red-green-blueIPG¬P=6G«=+-4®6G«,¬T,«wzI
O=«-T+¬=®=-/M
-
- 15 -
C.6: Màu chữ của văn bản
/G¬-2+« 
œ
M/G¬-2+«=-0T,ª2+:2R\¬;=-/-1-=«--1-4®
291 EvP=ªI294--=«-T\-/G«+R+,F,«2;=ª+-1«=-/F=«-T+M
›*¢œŸš°99 PPš•
]+3/ -<=2!+R+H/
›•*¢•«

C.7: Màu của đầu mối liên kết
C/]-2i{#I{#E!…{#
*=2/G¬-2+«29,T,ªTv¬2=-/-/ª=-=«-T\-/G«+6+,/R+,F,«2M
{#CTv¬2=-/+,ª2+¬294L«-F+\«-/G¬2E=-1T,ªT,«2vT+«-R+,
F,«2M
{#Cv¬2=-/6=/F+T+«-R+,F,«2T=®T4L¬-T,«2v(E+6+2N3’M
…{#CTv¬2=-/F+P=¬F+«-1=¬2IT= \«-/G¬2E=-1(=-2+EN’’
=«-=-/v¬-T+¬R=-"
{#ŸPR/NI{#Ÿ;/9;RN=3…{#Ÿ9N3
{4/0«"GªL¬;=-/429,-+ªT4L¬-2+,«2Tv¬2G¬2R\--121=-Ev
P=ªM=®02\¬291¬ F+R4¬/-BT,ªT=ªP=ª13,®T1¬-I3,®+-M
C.8. Thuộc tính và mã màu
›*¢  *¢{¢Ÿš°99 PPš  œŸš°99 PPš  {#Ÿš°99 PPš
{#Ÿš°99 PPš…{#Ÿš°99 PPš•
Thuộc tính Mô tả
*¢{¢ v¬2=-/,-
œ v¬2=-/-=«--1-4®I294--=«-G«+G«+M
{#
v¬2=-/P=T\-/-/ª=T\-/G«+R+,F,«2F+-4=F+«-
1=¬2
{# v¬2=-/T\-/G«+R+,F,«2F+T=®2vT+«-
-
- 16 -
…{# v¬2=-/T\-/G«+R+,F,«2F+F+«-1=¬2
/0+,+,¬=0+,-/29n3/0,¬2-\«;\¬3/- 2,=-/2+,« …
2=0-1-=«--Z6G«9\«2F1«L«Lª29,M
. Nạp hình ảnh làm nền cho trang văn bản
D: Thuộc tính BACKGROUND
1«2,ª3/- 2/G¬-2+«=-0T^2=¬1G¬2=ª,--129= 2=-+R+,¬/6+,/
EvP=ªM=0-1O=«-T+¬=-/2=-\--+ª9=2,2,¬;+-=ªFN-

T4L- 3\®M
›*¢*…#¢%ŸšT4J 3825+2H;Dš•
]+3/ 2!+R+H/
›•*¢•«
#+3/- =ªR=-,--129= •NP-\-;=ª+=¬;G¬22,¬;+-=ªM
42=T=®P+,«22,¬;=ª24L- -1«F+«-24L«-RL«IR=--\¬E+,¬-+,ª2+¬
29= 2=-+R+,¬/M1T1«-\--1¬2,¬;=ª-1«F+«-24L«-1ªR=-=ª,-M
1=-PG¬29= EvP=ª6N®T4L¬-šR=«2,-šPv- +-=ª=-042=R=«2
,-=-Pv-  =¬-1=M
D.1. Water mark
+,-/29= qNP-1«,-29= 29+« v«-v¬2-G«T+¬I-1-;\-EvP=ª6N®
-/G¬29G+P,29,G®+F+2=3+-/0,ª2=294L¬2M+,¬/4« =-0T4L¬-
2=¬19=L-2+,«2R\¬;2,2/G¬-2+«-1=ª,-R=-P ;91;N92+N6Ÿšˆ+ON3š
D.2. Hãy ký tên vào tài liệu của mình
G¬22G R,¬,2/\2N1R=-šF+«2,šE=-12=-+R+,¬/M1« +/«;-1 4L-+
T1¬-P+,«2T4L¬-4® 2G 2+2G«+2+,ª/E,-2=«- +=ª61=¬9=2=-+R+,¬/I2L-+
+=-\¬;\¬2MMM+,¬-T4=2,T+¬=-+ª-/ª=2=-+R+,¬/•NPE=-1-/G«+29= 6N®
+/«;-1 4L-+T1¬-R4/R=¬+T4L¬-O/\«2O4«-/ª=29= 2=-+R+,¬/M1«R=--4=
1«+T,«0« +®=c/=291¬ -/ª=;\--4®F+«=-0291 -=«-2=-+R+,¬/-+«
24«-1v¬--1«2+«24L =¬+M
-
- 17 -
@\--4®F+«24L-  G--=«-2G 2+6=/"
 =-0FLª+2=¬1R\-T\-/M
 =-064ª=-4®=-\¬;\¬2 \-\«2M
,(E=-NC=+R)-<=2?- +D
/0,PG«E,-P=ªc/0,-(,«/-\-)
%{
D.3. Khung – Frames
{-1«-=«-2Nª29+-P=-0-1;N«;-+=E/- +,ª2+¬-/ª=-4ª=6Gª29n

3/0,¬22=-+,-/F/ IG®+F/ R=-G¬2-4ª=6GªTG¬-R\¬;I+,ª2+¬G¬2
2=-+R+,¬/{F=«-=/M#/ -1;N«; 4L-+2+,«2F,«+,ª2+¬TG- 
PG¬+,-/2=-+R+,¬/{F=«-=/T,ª2+,¬2N131®+I616=«M+«3/¬I291 
F/ P,29=«++,ª2+¬-=«-/«2P\«I-1-F/ P,;=ª++,ª2+¬2=-+R+,¬/
24L 4« M
D.4. Trang trí khung
9= {24¬-+,¬P=-029+«-=«-F/ ( 1¬+R=-frameset document)-1«
-\«/29/«-F=«-29= 2G 24L- IFG -1«F/ M9= 24L- -1«•
;\-I 
œ…
 E=- 
*¢
M9= P=-029+«F/ -1« 
œ…
 E=- 
‚…œ`œ
2=0-1
*¢
M=-;\-
‚…œ`œ
2Gª-4«--=«-F/ 291 -4ª=6Gª
29n3/0,¬2M1«-/® -1«2,ª-4«=2Nª
¢‚…œ`
T,ªO4ªR+«294L- L¬;
29n3/0,¬2FG G®29L¬ˆ9=NM=«-2=-;\-2G 24L- F=«-EG«
v-291 
*¢
FG T4L¬-O/\«2+,¬294L«-2NªLª
‚…œ`œ
M,«/

FG I2=-;\- 
‚…œ`œ
 6N®P+¬P1ªc/=M#+ 29n 3/0,¬2F=«-
FG G®29L¬F/ 2+--=«-F/ 6N®FG T4L¬-+,ª2+¬=-2=-;\-
¢‚…œ`6N®T4L¬-O4ªR+«M
D.5. Thành phần FRAMESET
Nª ‚…œ`œ 3/- T,ª;\-+=E/- +,ª2+¬291 -4ª=6Gª 29n
3/0,¬22=--=«-F/ +--4®\¬2MG®+F/ +--4®\¬2 1¬+R=-
G¬2ˆ9=NIT4L¬-T+¬ +®=Pv- 2Nª‚…œ
M
=M?-2/]-2iE!Ei3h+B=
91q6Ÿ=6=«--=«-TG¬-=1-/ª=-=«-F/
-
- 18 -
=6=«- G-+,-/;\-24ªI-=«-=/3\«/;\ª0MG®+;\-24ªO=«-
T+¬TG¬-=1(6G«31- ±)-/ª=G¬2F/ M+=-+,-/T4« 2=-P=1
+,/F/ 2+-3=6=«--1«P\«0+,/;\-24ªM
+,-/-=12,ª+,¬Pv- 
C6G«;+ONRI
C20ªR,¬;\-29v-+,-/-=1=-+-
C=020ªR,¬;\--+,-/-=1-1-R=¬+M
+?29+¬v¬-T+¬R=-w~~¡I24«--+ª-1«G¬2F/ 2N1-+,-/ = M
-1R6 Ÿ=6=«--=«-TG¬9G¬ -/ª=-=«-F/ M
0« +®=24L 24¬429,M
+?29+¬v¬-T+¬R=-w~~¡I24«--+ª-1«G¬2F/ 2N1-+,-/31¬-M
/G¬-2+«row 2+,«2R\¬;E+,¬--+=F/ 2N1-+,-/ = 291 ]2
ˆ9=N6N2M,«/FG T+¬ +®=I2+--=«--G¬2291 F/ 6N®-+,«21=-
PG¬-+,-/-=1E/- +,ª2+¬M/G¬-2+« cols 2+,«2R\¬;E+,¬--+=F/ 
2N1-+,-/T4« 291 ]2ˆ9=N6N2M,«/FG T+¬ +®=I2+--=«-31- 
291 F/ 6N®-+,«21=-PG¬-+,-/9G¬ E/- +,ª2+¬M

@G«+L¬;=+2/G¬-2+«6N®2=¬19=GR4L«+-=«-F/ M
PM+=F/ RŽ =/E!2!;>‚…œ
=«-2/G¬-2+«"
=NŸ,-/ª=F/ M
1«2,ª3/- 2,=-0T,ªR=-T+«--/ª=G«+6+,/R+,F,«2M
69-Ÿ%
91ªT,«29= 2=-+R+,¬/6N®+,ª2+¬291 F/ M
19N6+„N
#G -1;N«;-1 +=®R=¬+F+«-24L«-
6-91RR+ Ÿ=/21 0N6 1
+,«2R\¬;2=-/G¬M
-
- 19 -
=/21"/\«2+,¬2=-/G¬F+-\-2+,«2M\0R=- +=«29+¬v¬-T+¬M
0N6"{/G-1«2=-/G¬M
1"{/GFG -1«2=-/G¬M
ˆ9=NP193N9Ÿw ~
+,«2R\¬;T4L- P+,M
w"1«T4L- P+, +4®=F/ T= ON«2EL«+-=«-F/ F,-1«M\0R=- +=«
29+¬v¬-T+¬M
~"#G -1«T4L- P+, +4®=F/ T= ON«2EL«+-=«-F/ F,-1«M
=9 +q+32Ÿ6G«;+ONR
+,«2R\¬;TG¬9G¬ R,--+,-/9G¬ ŸF1=ª 29G«  +4®=;\-+,ª2+¬G¬+
3/ E=-P+,29=«+IP+,;=ª+M+=«29+¬v¬-T+¬2/0-2N1PG¬3/0,¬2M
=9 +N+ 2Ÿ6G«;+ONR
+,«2R\¬;TG¬9G¬ R,--+,-/-=1ŸF1=ª 29G«  +4®=;\-+,ª2+¬G¬+
3/ E=-P+,29,IP+,34L«+M+=«29+¬v¬-T+¬2/0-2N129n3/0,¬2M
{4/0«"G¬+3/ 291 G¬2ˆ9=NFG T4L¬-2/G¬-E,--+«29= 2=-+
R+,¬/T+¬ +®=ˆ9=N6N2M
E Thiết lập Target, thẻ NOFRAME và IFRAME

E.1.Thiết lập Target
Zuộc tính target là để xác định tệp tài liệu HTML sẽ hiển thị trong
khung.
2=9 N2Ÿ2,F/ T+«-M
+,«2R\¬;2,-/ª=F/ =-2=-+R+,¬/6N®Lª9=291 F/ T1«M
/G¬-2+«=-03/- EL«+-=«-2=-;\-2=¬1G«+R+,F,«2"(…I{#)I
+= N=;(…œ…)IE=-‚¢M
E.2. Thẻ NOFRAMES
=-;\-¢‚…œ`2+,«2R\¬;G¬+3/ -\-+^2+¬F+29+-F=«-
FG G®29L¬ˆ9=N1v¬-T=®2v«2-4«-v +,ª2+¬ˆ9=NM
-
- 20 -
=-;\-¢‚…œ`

Tv¬2Lª;\--/G«+-/ª=2=-;\-‚…œ`œM
E.3.Nhúng frame - thẻ IFRAME
=-;\-
‚…œ
-1;N«; 4L-+2+,«2F,«-N-G¬2ˆ9=NE=-1 +4®=
G¬2FG«+EvP=ª2NO2E=-+,ª2+¬G¬22!+R+,¬/{F=«-P,291 M
/G¬-2+«
`
2+,«2R\¬;2=-+R+,¬/ /G-T,ª+,ª2+¬291 ˆ9=NM
=«-2/G¬-2+«"
=NŸ2,MT,ª2=-+,«/291 2=-+R+,¬/
q+32ŸG¬9G¬ -/ª=+R+Nˆ9=NM
N+ 2ŸG¬-=1-/ª=+R+Nˆ9=NM
2. Tìm Hiểu Về WLM:
A. Khái niệm
•{R!]2 G ZT4W-2+:2F:3!9+, -1h-Ti-2A19=

Z . 3h  e+R,A EG2/0:T:Z 2+:2PmQ BI4
R!T+H21A+3+T] M•{R!]2-/†_9] T4W-;?229+^P_+
•+9NRN66…;;R+-=2+1@9121-1R‚19/IE!-/0, !•{n
2!2[]2;>-<=-/0, !•…@9] R5LM•{R!]2
. 3h -<={I- g=R!T4W-Tm g=291 ]22!+R+H/
20;N3Nˆ++2+1M
*=67E+H-!0CE!Z 67TV-=1!B hfC-2^T4W-3K T^
29DRJ++V/-\/Q+TA+R1A+4"šA+6=1RA+R!4Ep0šEo
34J 424J T4W-T˜29=-1•{M•{-Z F?-P+H261
E5+Z  G ZT?3b/F?-P_+Enh-2+,/‘E!1FG 
+o 4Z  G ZT?3b/F?-M:/4-?-. Oe-<=
 N-E€RAIT+V/T24J T˜2O/o ]2c/0:2Tm!TUT4W-
27-+HT^2!-G 291 h-2+,/TM
B. Cấu trúc của ứng dụng WML
:/PATU2[ 3K •••IPAFG ->+^/{T^n2!
]2b24W EV-?-!B+2.R!E+H-M‹+qNP6+2NP=1 Ž+V/
29= MK02N10N/->/-<=6+2NI‹+29= -16t-.=E!+2G 2+I
-
- 21 -
=02p;W;-?-2?-Eh-1 4J+3K 27-+HI=0R!2a W;-D=+M
91 >/:2-?-294J W;I-+V/-?-T^T:]229= F?-291 
qNP6+2NI24L 274Ep0:/PA/o2[]229= !0T:G26+2N
F?-M{27-+H2o2T4W-h-2+,/!0IE!TU29_2!]2
2!-G EgTA+M
Œ2EV +?29mPV˜2I•{ +o +V/E5+{I4 -Z 
F?-P+H2291 F/045 -<=Z  4J+6? 2A19=-X M
•{T4W-2+:2F:T^2A19=Z . 3h I291 F+{T4W-
2+:2F:-Ydh-Ti-2A19=-?-2!+R+H/M= +5+ +Z=. 3/ 
E!2!+R+H/FG 9§9! I2:4 n
21!-h-I]2. 3h -F/045 2+:2F:O1=0c/= +=12+:;

 4J+3K I291 F+Z 2!+R+H/RA+-F/045 29/0VTA2
2G 2+M
+^F?-=/2N-o2F=- +Z=•…@E!qNPd_-‹;>  
E!;>V3K T^29/0-p;E!1+2N9N2MG 24J I•NPT4W-
29/0-p;2[Z ?02i3N6F21;A-FDv +^2mR5I-
F:2o++2N9N2=I9€E!T? 2+-p0M?-;>V3/0H2qNPPD
2\R!Z -4L 29n2+E+!2G 24J 2+H6e3h -1
Pb2  4J+3K !1M /W-RA+To+E5+•…@IA 3!-1 4J+
3K FG -oTm24L To+-pIFG T? 2+-p0I +?‘-IE!
RA+TŽ !E5+]229n3/0H26+,/QEV-LPDR!2+:/2oE!
!n+^2mc/?‡;-1E+H-2^+H2G 2+T: 4J+3K M
o+˜2E5+Z FFv29,I•{->]2E!+T+^F?-61E5+
{291 F+^/2G 2+ e+T: 4J+3K -l 4R!-?-!
2G 2+T4W- e+T+MZ  4J+3K 2+:2Pm-FDv •…@2b2
+,FG /oTB-Z 3S 2NO23!+ 1d9Ž+5+-2G 2+
B->IEbTVš2J+ +=R!2+VPA-šFT4W- +D+c/0:2]2-?-2i-
T? 291 2: +5+R+,RA-3+T] MZ  4J+!0-YT:Z 
6+2N-<=PAT^2nF+:Z 8/Q2G 2+IE!2b2+,R!B-
1 6=12n9=-! =-! 2o2M91 2n/o 4Ep02n
-?-3/0H2qNPFG -S2i-W;-1T+H21A+3+T] Z=M 
T]-=1-<= +=12+:;W;RfLR!3+V/->2+:2E5+Z  4J+3K 
-Y/oTB-Z 8/2+ ‘I2n9==-\/29DRJ+!B->M
3. Tìm Hiểu về WAP"
A Khái niệm
-
- 22 -
+=12 •…@T4W-2+:2F:T^29nP!0-?-]+3/ -<=+2N9N229,
-?-2+:2Pm3+T] IEi3h4T+H21A+3+T] M
•{R! G ZT4W-6e3h T^2A19=-?-29= qNP6tT4W-+^
2m291 ]229n3/0H2•…@M

•…@2‘2-<=•+9NRN66…;;R+-=2+1@9121-1R¨+=12 . 3h 
FG 3\0
•…@R!]2 +=12 29/0V2G . 3h
•…@T4W-6e3h T^29/0-p;E!13m-EhE!2G 2+
•…@T4W-2[=4_ 2[-?--/†-<=2N9N2
•…@R!3!-1-?-2+:2Pm->2=04T+H21A+3+T]
•…@R!]2 +=12 T4W-2+:2F:-1-?-29n3/0H2Q
•…@-1;Œ;2A19=. 3h qNP-1-?-2+:2Pm3+T] M
•…@6e3h  G ZT?3b/•{(FG ;D+{)
•{T4W-Tm g=4R!]2. 3h {wM~
+=12 •…@R!-/†2o2b2-1-?-3m-Eh2G 2+29,-?-2+:2
PmFG 3\04F|2/p221A+3+T] M/†•…@T4W-37=29,-?-
2+,/-/†2N9N2({I{E!@•@)MP=1 Ž]2 G
 ZT˜-2D•{IT˜-2D•{`-9+;2IE!]2T˜-2D +=13+H. 3h 
T+H21A+FG 3\0(•…)
•…@T4W--G PoP_+3+rT!•…@I2!Rp;E!1vwxx•P_+
œ9+-661I12191R=I1F+=IE!%q+9N3@R=N2M?-2!E+,3+rT!
!0TA+3+H-129,x~¡-<=2m294J 2+:2Pm6o->2=021!->/I
-l R!-?-!-/ -b;-L6_A2> I;?229+^;>V! T>/M
B.WAP Micro Browsers
^;KW;E5+]22+:2PmT>/-/o+FG 3\0QPŒI•…@6e3h 
]2+-91*91q6N9M…+-91*91q6N9R!]2;>VQ +X;2o+
-
- 23 -
2+^//->/EV;>  IP]5E!@%M-2^+^2m2G 
2+E+:2P_+]2 G ZT?3b/9b2 +5+A B+R!•{M
+-91*91q6N9-l -2^2G 3m-]2;+,PD2/ B-<=
¦=E=`-9+;2 B+R!•{`-9+;2M
4.Tìm Hiểu Về PHP:
A. Khái niệm

@@(E+:22‘2Ž+c/0j@@"0;N92NO2@9N;91-N6619k)R!]2 G Z
Rp;29nFm-PD=0]2R1A+URH-<0:/T4W-3K T^;?229+^
-?-. 3h E+:2-1?0-<IU /Ž_I3K -1h-Ti-2a 
c/?2M
9b22i-W;E5+qNPE!-2^3r3! X E!129= {M1
T4W-2o+4/=-1-?-. 3h qNPI2o-T]=IQ BI-X;?;
+o E!¦=E=I3rB-E!2J+ +=O\037 6D;†24L To+ ‘
L61E5+-?- G ZF?-,@@TU=- 29_2!]2
 G ZRp;29nqNP;aP+:b22: +5+M
€›²;;E!2€²•6tT?Tb/67P‘2T>/E!67F:22X--<=;>U
@@c/=T?0-<P+:2T^OeRfE!3m-U-1TX M\0R!]2
T+^F?2+HRW+-<=@@ +X;-1E+H-E+:2U@@29_,F?297-
c/=E!3r3! 291 E+H-O\037 ;> +=13+H. 3h @M
 G ZI-?-24E+HI2!+R+H/ o--<=@@T4W-O\037 P_+-] 
TŽ E!-67T  ;9b2R5-<=ŠN3-MI-G 2031-?-!;?2
29+^-o2R§+-<=@@Rp;,d2A19=]2G+294J -/0, +H;
T^T4=@@;?229+^_c/0G31= +H;M
@@T4W-;?229+^2[]26D;†-2,R!@@•‚M@@•‚31
=6/6{N9319ˆ2A19=vwxx}IP=T>/T4W-ON4R!]22p;-1
TL +D-<=-?-UFm-PD@N9RT^2N13§+2nn29/0-p;T:PD
6L0:/RfRm--<=G 29,A M TUT˜22,-1P]UFm-PD
!0R!³@N961=R1N@= N11R6´M#+->T:-?-- v 9] 
LI=6/6TUE+:29=]2P]27-2+Pd R5LT^-2^29/0
Eb25+-?--L6_3ZR+H/E! +X;-1 4J+6e3h ;?229+^-?-. 
-
- 24 -
3h qNPTL +DM=6/6TUc/0:2Tm-G PoU /Ž-<=
@@•‚-1B+ 4J+ONI6e3h -l 46e=-?-R‹+-291 
TŽ 2J+-D+2+:U /ŽM
@@•‚IE+:22‘22[j@N961=R1N@= N•‚1962N9;9N2N9kIP=1 Ž

]26o-?-- v -LPD-1@@42=TUP+:2T:-X  !0
=0M--?-P+:F+^/4@N9RI2G 3m-27T] -?-P+:-<=ˆ19
E!-X;?;{X MX;?;!0 +o 4-<=@N9RI˜-3KA
-:L+V/ITL +DE!-;>2+:/b2c/?M
!1vwxx•I@@•‚•M~IR>E+:2RA+2.=+-<=;+,PDITU2/
X2T4W-!  ! 4J+6e3h 29,21!2: +5+E5+Ob;OY}~M~~~
2,+VTUT4W- +pR!--!+T˜2I-+:F1D w¡6o2,
+V-29,A 2N9N2M/0TU-25+!  n 4J+2= +=
T  ;E!1E+H-2/-YU /Ž-<=37?!02nE!12J+T
E8-<0:/-YR!37?-<=]2 4J+M
@@•‚•M~T4W--i2 -G PoE!12? wwvwxx•I6=/]2
2J+ +=F?3!+-YT4W--G Po345+3A -?-PDPN2=M4 
FG R\/6=/TITUT4W-2=02:P_+-?-PD=R;=T>/2+,-<=
@@'M~M
B. PHP 3
@@'M~R!;+,PDT>/2+,-1-X 2=2b0]2nD > l+
E5+-?-;+,PD@@!-X 2=T4W-P+:2 !0=0MTUT4W-
…3+/2=6E!ŠNNE`/9=6F+2A19=vwxx•6=/F+E+:2RA+1!
21!P]U /Ž2945-TM{f31-i!BTU2A19=;+,PD!0
R!31pB2b0@@•‚•M~:26 0:/FŒ291 E+H-;?229+^-?-
. 3h 24L A+T+H2e!BT= OX-2+:291 ]237?-<=
294J TA+B-M91 ]2‹R7-W;2?-E!P‘2T>/O\037 37=29,
-L6_ 4J+3K TU--<=@@•‚I…3+I=6/6E!ŠNNETUc/0:2
TmW;2?-E!-G Po@@'M~4R!;+,PD2:HF:2+:;-<=
@@•‚•M~IE!-b3.2;?229+^@@•‚•M~M
]2291 Z 6 AR5b2-<=@@'M~R!-?-2iv _
9] At-<=M 1!+FDv -/ -b;-1 4J+3K -/o+
]2-L6_A2> -˜2-t3K -1+V/-L6_3ZR+H/I +=12 E!
…@F?-=/I-?-2iv _9] -<=@@'M~TU2/X29b2+V/
!;?229+^2= +=E!TVO/b2-?-GT/_9] 5+M1!21!

-2^F:2R/pT4W-9d T\0-iR!T+^b/-o238T:2!
-G E= 3]+-<=@@'M~M?-2iv F?-T4W- +5+2+H/291 
@@'M~ Ž-‹29W-X;?;45 To+24W E!+V/-X;?; G
 Zb2c/?F?-M
 G Z1!21!5+TUT4W--G Po345+]2-?+2,5+IO=PQ
o+R+,HE5+E+H-6e3h E!1h-Ti--?\A‡;!-?+2,
-
- 25 -