Phrase

Phrase
Group 4:
1. Phương Oanh
2. Thảo
3. Thúy Trang
4. Hồng Thắm
5. Thị Oanh
6. Ánh Nhung
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Contents
I. Definition
II. Categories
III. Games
IV. Exercises
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I. Definition
Phrase is a collection of words that may have nouns or
verbs, but it does not have a subject doing a verb. So a
phrase is not a sentence.

The following are examples of phrases:
leaving behind the dog
smashing into a fence
before the first test
after the devastation
between ignorance and intelligence
broken into thousands of pieces
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II. Categories
1) Noun phrase
2) Adjectival phrase

3) Adverbial phrase
4) Verb phrase
5) Prepositional phrase
6) Participial phrase
7) Infinitive phrase
8) Gerund phrase
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1. Noun phrase
A noun phrase is a group of related words which play the
role of a noun, a subject or object of a verb. A noun
phrase consists of a noun and all of its modifiers, which
can include other phrases. Like all phrases, a noun phrase
does not have a subject and a verb.
Example:

I have found the owner of the dog.

John was late.

The crazy old lady in the park feeds the pigeons every
day.
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2. Adjectival phrase
An adjectival phrase is a group of words that does the
work of an adjective and follows the noun it is modifying.
Adjective is a word which gives an additional detail about
the meaning of a noun or pronoun.
Example:

Mr. Clinton is a man of great wealth.


He walked through the street covered with mud.

He is a man without a friend
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3. Adverbial phrase
Adverb is a word which gives an additional detail about
the meaning of a verb or an adjective or another adverb.
So the work of an adverb which is done by a group of
words’ can be called ADVERBIAL PHRASE.
Example:

Clinton ran with great speed.

Jack bought the flowers for his mother.

The mango fell on this spot.
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4. Verb phrase
The verb phrase can refer to the whole predicate of a
sentence. Verb phrases are easy to recognize. They consist
of a verb and all the related helping words. Verb phrases
function as single-word verbs, to express action or to link
subject and complement.
Example:

I have been asking for a raise for ten years.

Despite being an actor, he has never actually succeeded in
learning many lines


I've just been working on this, and the problem is in the
cable
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5. Prepositional phrase
A phrase that consists of a preposition and its objects
such as: noun, pronoun,… Prepositional phrases function
as adjectives, adverbs or nouns.
Example:

The announcement for the play arrived after it was over.

He walked into the meeting just as the president
arrived.

For you to pass your test is the reason for having a
tutor.
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6. Participial phrase
Participial phrases are made of a present participle
(VERB-ing) or past participle (VERB-ed/c3) with any
modifiers that complete the idea. Participles function as
adjectives; therefore, participial phrases also function as
adjectives. They often describe the subject of the
sentence.
Example:

Jack spotted his brother throwing rocks at the passing cars.


Crushed to pieces by a sledgehammer, the computer no
longer worked.
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7. Infinitive phrase
An infinitive phrase is made of an infinitive and modifiers.
An infinitive is the word "to" followed by a verb (to +
simple form of verb). This type of phrase functions as a
noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Example:

I love to bake cakes. (As noun)

Let me show you the best way to paint the door. (As
adjective)

The officer returned to help the inspectors
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8. Gerund phrase
A gerund phrase is made of a gerund and modifiers. A
gerund is a verb with an "ing" ending that functions as a
noun. Gerund phrases look like some participial phrases.
The difference is that participial phrases function as
adjectives; gerund phrases function as nouns.
Example:

I love baking cakes.

Eating blackberries without washing them will make
you ill.
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IV. Exercises
1. He does his work without care.
=> adverbial phrase

2. The bus went along Nguyễn Trãi Street and hit the top of the
tunnel.
=>repositional phrase
3. He wanted to see the Eiffel Tower, but he didn't know where
it was.
=> infinitive phrase
4. Sam hates getting a headache when he works late.
=> gerund phrase
5. He wrote a letter to raise funds for the foundation.
=> infinitive phrase