văn hóa của dân tộc bản địa ở australia từ truyền thống đến hiện đại

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN
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TRẦN CAO BỘI NGỌC





VĂN HOÁ CỦA DÂN TỘC BẢN ĐỊA
Ở AUSTRALIA
TỪ TRUYỀN THỐNG ĐẾN HIỆN ĐẠI








LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ LỊCH SỬ

THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH – 2013



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





AUSTRALIA
T





 


M






PGS.TS. 




 2013



N LUN
1. Lý do ch tài và mu 1
2. c và thc tin c tài 2
3. Lch s nghiên cu v 2
4. ng và phm vi nghiên cu 10
5. u 10
6. Nhi ca lun án 11
7. B cc ca lun án 11

G 1
 
AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA 13
1.1. NH LÝ LUN CA V NGHIÊN CU 13
1.1.1. Mt s khái nin 13

1.1.2. Nhng tip cn lý thuyt nhân h 21
1.2. TNG QUAN V AUSTRALIA VÀ CNG TH DÂN 31
1.2.1. Tng quan v Australia 31
1.2.2. Cng th dân Australia 40

2
 63
2.1. NG KINH TNG CA TH DÂN 63
 63

 70
 71
2.2. T CA TH DÂN 73
 73
 75
 76
 77
 84
2.3.  86
2.3.1. Các  86
2.3.2.  92
2.4.  97
 và  97
2.4.2 107
2.4.3 110
2.4.4 112
2.4.5 114
2.4.6 116

3



 135
3.1. CHNH SCH  VN HA AUSTRALIA 135
hóa 
hóa Australia 135
hóa 
Australia 137
3.2. TC AUSTRALIA 
  139
hóa  139
hóa  140
hóa hóa- 142
3.3. 
 148
hóa ng 148
hóa  153
3.4. VIC BO TN V PHT TRIN VN HA THN, KINH
NGHIM TNH SCH  VN HA AUSTRALIA 181
hóa 
hóa Australia 181
3.4.2. 
và bhóa 
 182

 190
 199
 209

1



1. 
    Australia ngày càng
  Australia 
   Lâu na
 Australia, 


 Australia 

 



 Australia 

  (genocid)    

  .


nhiên, , 
dân Australia  Australia 
.
 :
- 
hóa 

2

viên ngành Australia 
- 
n  

-  Australia và 



2. 
2.1. 

hóa 

 

 Australia sau này,
 
 
.
2.2. 
 Australia 

 







3
 dân Australia 


trung vào 
-  Australia 
- 
Australia
dân Australia.
-  


Australia  
Australia trên c



               
Australia Australia, 
       

  v
Australia 
Australia
 Australia, h
 Australia 

 Australia nói chung.

       
- 

4
                
Australia,  Australia y.

 

Trong các bài tham 
 Australia -


 




      eamtime   
.
Australia
ngày nay 
Australia và


,.
               
Australia 
 - hóa Australia,



-  
        -167) 

5

Australia  Australia 

- Australia Hóa 

Australia            
Australia -  -

 Australia.

     Australia          



Ng

 Australia 

        Australia (The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal
Australia
Australia 





             

 Australia  Now and Then (Australia   o Garry
 Australia 

6


sá


 


  Tr
Uluru (Growing up at Uluru         

tâm Australia  Uluru.
 Australia (The Australian People) James Jupp, do NXB
Cambridge Univ      940 trang),    
 Australia   lâu dài,
 Australia.    
và   thông qua  .
 Where the Ancestors Walked -
Australian as an Aboriginal Landscape    Australia là quê
               

Australia.  Australia 

 Australia 


 Australia. Tuy 
           



7
    Australia (Being Australian)  Catriona Elder, Nhà
Allen & Unwin, 2008 (390 trang). Sau   
và  hóa l Australia, xem xét 
   
Australia, khám phá   và    gia, bao  
   gi và   
 .
     Australia (Australian National Identity) do Justin
              
 Australia. Australia 

 Australia 
 Australia  

Australia, 


 Australia 
 Australia vv.

 



 Australia (trang
41- 
 Australia, 



8
      Australia       
      Lois E.

 Australia, 
      
chúng.
           Australia
(Multiculturalism: t

 Australia -1972
và 1972-
  Australia, giai
-1975 (The origins of multiculturalism in Australian politics (1945-1975)
      Melbourne University Press, 2000. Sách
dày               trong
 Australia 1945-1975  ,
   và chính sách     Australia 

   Australia   (From white Australia to
 Australia. James
Jupp  thay  trong   Australia trong vòng ba
     chính sách Australia 
. Ông xem xét  di trú  Australia , 

   và  
 Australia  
      và
 và . , ông 
các   gây tranh cãi   và .

9
 Australia  (The long, slow death of white
Australia). Scribe Publications, 2005. 
 phân bi
 
 Australia 

 Australia 
 Australia. Chính
sách này 

  Australia  (Borderwork in
multicultural Australia Bob Hodge, Robert Ian Vere Hodge, John
O'Carrollách này
 Australia 
   trong quá  và
   Australia, 
này   mang tính khoan dung và tính  
 .

   Australia 
 Australia 






 
                  


10

 
Australia 



 Australia 
 
4. NG VÀ PHM VI NGHIÊN U
- 


- i 
716 , 716 Individual Tribal Groups
 Australia. 
hóa riêng
Australia.
-  


Australia 
5. 

 Australia 

, vì 

Phân : Phân tích 

 

11
 Australia. Phân tích và



 



 Australia.
6. NHI C LUN ÁN
- 




Australia.
- Trình 
            
 .
- 
 Australia 

 -- Australia 
7. B CC CA LUN ÁN
  

 
 
 Australia,

12
 và 

 
Australia 
 Australia 
 
 Australia 
 Australia


13




QUAN  Australia, 

1.1. 
1.1.1. 

tN Australia 
   

1.1.1.1. Khái niệm văn hóa theo quan điểm nhân học
 

Culture, a
critical review of concept and definitions  


 



ph-  

              
Culture, a critical review of concept and definitions  


14


                








v




Riêng 


            


      -        -    
 






15
 
 Australia, 

1.1.1.2. Động thái và những giá trị truyền thống và hiện đại trong văn hóa






  


T          

 
. Cho nên,

   

ân Australia, 


Australia Australia.


n
 

 Australia 

16

ngày na




 - 

  Australia             
 - các nhà

 là







 Australia 
 Australia nói
 Australia   
 Australia 
i.
1.1.1.3. Khái niệm tiếp biến văn hóa

acculturation



17


acculturation 



                 
n (R.Redifield, R.Linton và M.J.Herskovits: A Memorandum for the
Study of Acculturation. American Anthropologist, 1936, vol 38, p.149)





 acculturation 
-1981, trang 20)
 
hóa là do s
nhau.

hóa - 

 Australia hóa 

 Australia   




 Australia 

18
 
- 
hóa 
hóa 

hóa 


 Australia 
hóa 

c 
hóa 
hóa 


hóa 
hóa 
hóa 
nhóa    hóa 

1.1.1.4. Khái niệm các loại hình kinh tế - văn hóa
Theo nhà Dân tc h loi hình kinh t - c
hiu là mt tng th nh nhm kinh t - c hình thành
trong quá trình lch s ca các ti khác nhau, cùng  m phát trin
kinh t xã hi và sinh sng trong cùng ma lý t 

ng Nghiêm Vn 1998:109].
Các loi hình kinh t có th hình thành  nhng thi lch s khác nhau
 i. S a mang tính lch s ng bi s

19
tin hóa chung ca nhân loi (li); li vng ca các dân tc có trình
 kinh t - xã hi phát trin cao chi phi do quy lut phát triu ca
lch s i). Tuy vy, ta có th thy có nhng loi hình kinh t - 
chit hình thành rt sm cùng vi s hình thành ca xã h
loi hình kinh t  Tìm hia lý t nhiên và phân b
  a Australia  th    loi hình kinh t -   a th dân
Australia. Australia là mc có din tích ln hàng th sáu trên th gii, rng
ln mc coi là la th by ca th gii, tri dài khong 3.700 km t
m cc Bm cc Nam và tri rng khong 4.000 km t 
Do s phân b a th   tp trung  vùng sâu, vùng cao,
vùng xa xôi ho lánh, cùng vu kin khí ha lý - a hình  nhng vùng
này có nhu kin khác bit so vng
hong kinh t truyn thng vc bo t i vi th dân Australia, do
sng bit lp trong mt thi gian dài không có s tip xúc vi các n
th gii, cho ti thm có mt thc dân Anh trên la Australia,  phát
trin kinh t - xã hi ca th ng li  thi k ca hình thc kinh t khai
thác (chit) ch yu da vào các ngun li ca t nhiên  sinh s
phn ánh qua hong kinh t t cht ca th dân.
 u ki  ng t c si ta
chia làm ba loi hình kinh t - a th dân:
- Kinh t b bin nhii phía Bc. Nhng th dân  ng công
c ng con thuyn, nh xách bng g hay bng dây, nh
 ct, cht b
- Kinh t ca nhng nhóm ven sông  ng nhóm th dân
 sc sông Murray Darling. H sng ph

thuc vào nhng con sông, ch yt cá, sò, hn và các loài thy sn. H
t cá bng nhng cái dáo bi, bi và m dùng by bt
cá.

20
- Kinh t vùng khô cn  trung tâm Australia. Ngun th yu ca
các th dân  i ht và tho mt thú vt
bt by và dùng l i thú vt. Ph
n hái mt loi cây gii, chui sa mng
th yu [Nguyp 2001].
Cách tip cn lý thuyt loi hình kinh t - a Dân tc hc Xô Vit
gi lý thuyt sinh thái - a Nhân h và Châu Âu khi
nghiên ci tin công nghip.
1.1.1.5. Khái niệm đa văn hóa hay thuyết đa văn hóa
hóa hóa 

 Australia o Australia 


-  Australia, 
 

 

 là  






.

-  Australia 
