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CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP AN TOÀN VÀ BẢO MẬT DỮ LIỆU ( có đáp án)

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
Câu hi
 
  !"#$% &!"
#$% '('% )*% '"%
 +,)-./
 +,)-01"2&%3/4/5
6 '('
 !7!8!7/9:'('
 +,)-./'('
 +,)-01"2&%3/4'('
; <=>
 =?!@
 !7!8!7/9:<=>
 +,)-01"2&%3
A B
 =?!@
 !7!8!7/9:B
 +,)-01"2&%3
C DEFB=GF/B&/=/))H
 +I=?!@=?!@3
 !7!8!7/9:FB=
 J,/K=?!@=?!@3
L =?!@M'J1"GM'J!/NH
 =?!@M'J1"M'J1"
 +,)-./=?!@M'J1"
 +,)-OJ1"O8/M'J
P =?!@M'J1"<=>
 =?!@M'J1"
 !7!8!7/9:M'J1"<=>
 +,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J


Q =?!@M'J1"B
 =?!@M'J1"
 !7!8!7/9:M'J1"B
 +,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J
R =?!@DEM'J1"F==GF/=/D4=/))H
 =?!@M'J1"
 !7!8!7/9:M'J1"F==
 +,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J
S=?!@M'J1"TO(/8&:2UGV)44=/D4H
 =?!@M'J1"
 !7!8!7/9:M'J1"TO(/8&:2U
 +,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J
W!XY&"'GO4F1/D/H
 OXY&"'
 J/9Z,:./1"1?!@XY&"'
 ,)-
6=?!@XY&"'[\] 
 =?!@[\] ^'_
 !7!8!7/9:=?!@[\] ^'_
 +,)-01"XY&"'/4=?!@[\] ^'_
 +`/9?//K/41?!@
 =?!@[\] ^'/DaJ
;=?!@XY&"'Fbb44
 =?!@Fbb44
 !7!8!7/9:=?!@Fbb44
 +,)-01"XY&"'/4=?!@Fbb44
2
 +`/9?//K/41?!@
A=?!@XY&"'O441
 =?!@O441

 !7!8!7/9:=?!@O441
 +,)-01"XY&"'/4=?!@O441
 +`/9?//K/41?!@
C    W!  3  /D2'  GO4  >444/H  G !c  'd  O4
B#4H
 O3/D2'
 J/9Z,./1":./1"e/$3/D2'
 ,)-
Le/$3/D2'Fbb44
 e/$Fbb44
 !7!8!7/9:/$Fbb44
 +,)-01"3/D2'/4/$Fbb44
 +`/9?//K/4/$
Pe/$3/D2'T/^UG=//ff=//U
 e/$T/^U
 !7!8!7/9:/$T/^U
 +,)-01"3/D2'/4/$T/^U
 +`/9?//K/4/$
Qe/$3/D2' gG /1D/f'1fgH
 e/$ g
 !7!8!7/9:/$ g
 +,)-01"3/D2'/4/$ g
 +`/9?//K/4/$
Re/$3/D2'eD/G!c''(h$
iH
 e/$eD/
3
 !7!8!7/9:/$eD/
 +,)-01"3/D2'/4/$eD/
 +`/9?//K/4/$

6SW!1j,2/G=44/=H
 O1j,2/
 J/9Z,:./1"=?!@1j,2/
 ,)-
6=?!@1j,2/=G=44/==44H
 =?!@1j,2/=
 !7!8!7/9:=?!@1j,2/=
 +,)-01"1j,2//4=?!@=
 +`/9?//K/4=?!@
66W!!)(!&GF41/H%kG1lD/H
 O!):(!&%k%J:W!
 /,W/:k
 J/9Z,:./1"k
 ,)-
Tài liệu
XFD\J/D`/2/>//(/
6 em=1  m\ 114/4& &/4=44b
gb/g/4/RR6
;FD1<=/1&/&RRC
4

nVogpqrX>q]sq+s[t] rFu\gvV
wXwqC
R
R
R
6dR
 ./1"dc!8S
 ./1"d('6
;+,)-./;

6'('A
!7!8!7/9:'('A
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!7!8!7/9:d('A
6+,)-./'('A
X/8DA
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6+,)-01"2&%3/4'('
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6!7!8!7/9:<=>L
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5
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+I=?!@=?!@3R
6!7!8!7/9:FB=6
;J,/K=?!@=?!@36
L=?!@M'J1"GM'J!/NH66
=?!@M'J1"M'J1"66

66
M',1"/()-6;
6+,)-./=?!@M'J1"6;
=?!@M',1"<=>6;
=?!@M',B6A
8'/MB<=>6A
;+,)-OJ1"O8/M'J6A
P=?!@M'J1"<=>6C
=?!@M'J1"6C
6!7!8!7/9:M'J1"<=>6L
;+,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J6L
Q=?!@M'J1"B6L
=?!@M'JB\e> >\6L
6!7!8!7/9:M'J1"B6P
;+,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J6P
R=?!@DEM'J1"F==GF/=/D4=/))H6Q
=?!@M'J1"6Q
6!7!8!7/9:M'J1"F==6R
6
;+,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J6R
S=?!@M'J1"TO(/8&:2UGV)44=/D4H
;S
=?!@M'J1";S
6!7!8!7/9:M'J1"TO(/8&:2U;S
;+,)-01"'J1"%'8/M'J;S
W!XY&"'GO4F1/D/H;S
OXY&"';S
6J/9Z,:./1"1?!@XY&"';S
;,)-;S
6=?!@XY&"'[\] ;S

;=?!@XY&"'Fbb44;6
A=?!@XY&"'O441;;
CW!3/D2'GO4>444/HG!c'dO4
B#4H;A
Le/$3/D2'Fbb44;C
=?!@&Y&"'dFbb44;C
67!8;L
;+,)-;L
Pe/$3/D2'T/^UG=//ff=//U
;L
Qe/$3/D2' gG /1D/f'1fgH ;P
Re/$3/D2'eD/G!c''(h$
iH;Q
6SW!1j,2/G=44/=HAS
OAS
6x/9Z,:./1"=?!@1j,2/A
=?!@9y=A
WD/z'(4/?['4A6
 !?!DG[4%\4/4HA;
7
6=?!@1j,2/=G=44/==44HA;
66W!!)(!&GF41/H%kG1lD/H
AP
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