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 !∀#



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=ϑΚΛΜΝ)/ΜΟΠ)ΘΡΣ)/−Τ)/ΥΛϑΚΛΜΝ)/
 =ϑΚΛΜΝ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ∗7
ΤΥ!!ςΩΩΞΨ#Ζ∗![/∗∴#Ω#]⊥&_#!ςΩ
/∋ς∗ /! Ω(α∗( !β/( χδ∗.
Τ]∋εεφΩ∗(γΛηΟΝ%!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∃δ
Ωϕκ∗+.
Τ2∋∴∗!β/(()βΩΨς∗+λΩδ/(Ψ#Ζ∗/()ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗εΥ#/()∗µ⊥(µ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωβ)ε∀
!ςΩ ιν∗+ Ψ#Ζ∗ ο)∀π /(#θ∋ Ωε)∗+ !β/(.
Τ+ϕρ#Ω∀στιΞ∗+(#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗Ω(]ο)∀π/(#θ∋Ψϕυ/Ωβ)ε∀+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗/ω∀ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗
,ξ∗+/ψ/(∗∴#(∀#,∗∗απ&_#!β/(∗+)α#.
ΙςΩΟΞ)Ο()ΜΟΠ)Ψ&∋ΚΖ)/ΜΟΠ),)/ϑΚΛΜΝ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ∗7

ΜζΩ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∗(ϕ({∗(&|
Τ∀∗Ψ}∋χ(µ∀κ/(∴Ω3Β∗+∋Υ∗Ωδ/(Ψ#Ζ∗/()ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗ΒΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Α/ω∀ΩΞΩ∼∗+
Ω Ο Ψ]∗ +#ψ Ωε // Ψβ# 9
Ο
Β ΩΞ Ψ#Ζ∗ ∗+∗+ Ωδ/( Ψ#Ζ∗.
Τ(∋π∗χ(µ∀σ∀∗+/(∴ΩΩβ)Ω(α∗(!β/(χδ∗+#ϖ∀&α+#∃α!β/(ι∀)
Ψς∗+Β ΩΞ Ψ#Ζ∗ ⊥(µ∗+ Ψ#Ζ∗ &α /µ ιν∗+ Ψ#Ζ∗ Α∋∀ /∋ς∗ /!.
ΤΜζΩχ()∗+Ω(ρ#+#∀∗Ω&/∗+∗(γΩ({ιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωε)∗+!β/(Ω(γ∀!∗
#Αε)∗+/∋ς∗ιπ/µΩΩ(∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗∃α!⊥(ψΩσ#∗(σ∋φΩΨ#Ζ∗Ψς∗+Ω
/!
#ΑΒ[ ∴
∋ς∗/!Ψµ∗+&∀#Ωεν∗(ϕ!ςΩ!ψπΩ(∋ΒΩ()Ψ∗(∃∋Ω!Ψ∴#&_#Ψ)β∗!β/(
/(∀!ψπΩ(∋Ω∀Ψϕυ/ Β!α=Ο∗∗∋ Β[Ι∴

[ ∴&α[Ι∴σ∋πε∀ 
=;7
  
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Ω 
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+#∀∗ Ω.
) #  Α ∗∗ Β &_# 
∃%&%
)#&αΑΨθ∋∃α/ψ/(α!,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀Ω()Ω(ρ#+#∀∗Ω∗∗ι∀)Ψς∗+
Ωε)∗+!β/(Ψϕυ/+#∃αι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#θ∋(ν∀
,#∋Ω(//ω∀#&αΑΩ∀Ω(φπ#∗(∀∗(⊥(∀(∗Α!ςΩ+µ/ (∀π 
8⊥ιΞ∗+/∗+Ω(/Ωδ∗((#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗Ω(] Ω∀/∗+/µΩ(&#]ΩΨϕυ/,#∋Ω(/
/ω∀(#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗Ω(]+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗∗(ϕσ∀∋% &_#

 

∀/µ% 
Τ(∋χι∀)Ψς∗+ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α% 
Τ}∗σ∴ι∀)Ψς∗+ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α% 
45∗9Χ%
_#ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ω∀/}∗∗(_%
ψ/,#∋Ω(//ω∀Ψ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Βιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗&α(#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗Ω(]%

9∋∀∗(Ζ&θ⊥(∀%Α&α∋/∗+⊥(∀&α/∗+/(!⊥(∀(∗#+µ/ 
ψ/!∴#Α∋∀∗(Ζ&θ,#∗Ψς% 
ψ//∗+Ω(/&θ/(∋χΒΩ}∗σ∴ε#∗+% 

∋()%
Τε)∗+/∗+Ω(/Ωδ∗(Ω}∗σ∴+µ/ΒΩ}∗σ∴&α/(∋χ{ι∀)Ψς∗+ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(
Ω({∃αΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀,ςΩΞΨ#Ζ∗.
]∋,ςΩΞ+Υ!

Β
0
Β
?
Β ![/∗∴#Ω#]⊥ΒΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀,ςΩΞΩδ∗(,κ#
  




Βχ(#Ψµ%

]∋,ςΩΞ+Υ!

Β
0
Β
?
Β ![/σ)∗+σ)∗+ΒΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀,ςΩΞ∃α

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0

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?

Θ Βχ(#Ψµ%

=Φ7]67
.∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω
#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ω/Ω(ρ#ΑΑ
Ο
/)σΛΩΘΝ
#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗Ω(]ΛΨ#Ζ∗ψ⊥ΝΩ/Ω(ρ#
Ο
Ο
)σΛ Ν )σΛ Ν
!
!
   ∀  
 
   
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Ο
σ#∗ΛΩΘΝ
Ο
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0

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Ψ
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,#]∗
Ω(#∗&_#Ω}∗σ∴+µ/0ΒΩ}∗σ∴0&α/(∋χ0
 Θ2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+/µΨ#Ζ∗ΩεκΩ(∋}∗=ΟΩ({ι∀)Ψς∗+σ|Ω[Ωι}∗.ι∋πΩε{
ι∀)Ψς∗+/}∗/∋∗+
/φ⊥/()!β/(!ςΩ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+/µ/∗+σ∋φΩ%
0 0 0 0
0
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Θ9∋πϕ_/%ΑΟ∗+&_#,∗ΩΞΩ∀οζΩΩδ/(Ψ#Ζ∗ιϕ∗+Ω({#Ο∗+&_#ιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗
/(βπΨ]∗,∗ΩΞ!αΩ∀οζΩ.
0.Γ(ϕ∗+Ωε{∗(Ψς/∃⊥&_#Ω(ρ#+#∀∗%
   
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   
     
  
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 
   
     


  


Π

+    ,− ./ 0 1 
12345,,674
8 ,.9 1 .3  : 1 ; 8
,.92.3<=
(# ∗∼∗+ ∃ϕυ∗+ Ψ#Ζ∗ Ωεϕρ∗+ Ωε∗ ΩΞ ,ξ∗+ ∗∼∗+
∃ϕυ∗+ Ω Ωεϕρ∗+ Ωε)∗+ /∋ς∗ /!Β Ω∀ /µ%

0

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ΩΨ
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
0
0


9
0

0


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0
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_#(∀#&Ωεδ∃#Ψς
0
0

Ο
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Ωε∗ΩεΞ/4ΑΒΩϕ∗+∗+&_#∆&ΩεδΩε∗Ψϕρ∗+Ωεν∗Β
/ψ/&Ωεδ∗απ/ψ/(Ψθ∋∗(∀∋,κ#/ψ//∋∗+
0

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µ∗+(∀∃αΒσ∀∋(∀#∃}∗∃#∗Ω#]⊥
 
 
Β⊥(∀ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψϕυ/!ςΩ
∃ϕυ∗+∃α



0
0




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∃>,4?3



8,.91,;8,.92
Ας−⊥)/ς/Ο_ΛΚΛΜΝ)/ΜΟΠ)&∋ΚΛΜΝ)/⊥

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ϑΟ−Τ)/
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//Ψβ#Ωε)∗+!β/(∃α!3.{!,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω!α!β/(∗απ/ς∗+(ϕκ∗+.
.
  


Χ

∀/µ%

0

0

Ο


0

0
Ο

0
Ο
0
Ο

&
0/

0/
Ο
Ο

&
ΠΟΣΣΒ!.

γϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/Ω(ρ#Ωε)∗+!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+/µιβ∗+#
ΟΒΟσ#∗0ΟΟΟΩΛ3Ν.}∗σ∴+µ/ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α
3.?ΣΒε∀ισ.  .?ΣΒ⁄.  .0ΟΟΟε∀ισ.  .0ΟΟΟ⁄.
∆.ΕΦ%Ε)σψ∗(,#∋Ω(//ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/Ω(ρ#Ωε)∗+!β/(ι∀)
Ψς∗+∃α#
Ο
σ#∗ΛΩΝ&_#,#∋Ω(/#ΟΒΟσ#∗0ΟΟΟΩΛ3Ν.∀Ω(φπΩ}∗σ∴+µ/ι∀)

Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α0ΟΟΟε∀ισ.(∗.
η
2ςΩ!β/(Ψ∀∗+ι∀)Ψς∗+Ωι).+ϕρ#Ω∀Ψ)Ψϕυ/Ψ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(//Ψβ#
Ωε∗(∀#,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗∃α9
Ο
&αιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗//Ψβ#Ωε)∗+!β/(∃α
Ο
.#∋Ω(//(∋χ{
/ω∀ι∀)Ψς∗+Ωε)∗+!β/(%
3.
Ο







0
Ο







.
Ο








.2ςΩ,#∋Ω(/χ(ψ/
∆.ΕΦ%
Ο
Ο Ο
Ο
0 .
!
& !



 

Ο
Ο
Ο
0
!

&


(∗.


!

2ςΩ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗++Υ!!ςΩΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+&α/∋ς∗/!.#Ζ∗
ΩεκΩ(∋}∗/ω∀!β/(=Ο.#]Ω,#∋Ω(//ω∀ιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Α∋∀!β/(∃α%#∆.Ο

0
)σΛ0.Ο
6
ΩΝΛ3Ν.#Ζ∗Ωδ/(/ω∀ΩΞ%
3.9
Ο
Ο
Χ
  .9
Ο
∆.Ο
Χ
 .9
Ο
0.Ο
Χ
 .9
Ο

Σ.Ο
Χ

.∆.ΕΦ%
Ο
Ο Ο Ο

&
& ! !


  
(∗
∃

ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/Ω(ρ#Ωε)∗+!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+/µιβ∗+
#ΟΒΟ0/)σ0ΟΟΟΩΛ3Ν.ΞΨ#Ζ∗Ωε)∗+!β/(/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+ƒ.
ςΩ/!/ω∀/∋ς∗/!∃α%
3.Ο!. .Ο.  ..Ο
Π
. ..Ο
Σ
.
(∗3.
∆.ΕΦ%



 .Ε∋πε∀
0








∀2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗++Υ!/∋ς∗/!/µΨςΩ/!0!&αΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µΨ#Ζ∗
ι∋∗+0⊥ΒΛ∃φπ
0
ΟΝ.}∗σ∴ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α
3.0Β⁄.  .0Β2⁄. .⁄. .2⁄.
∆.ΕΦ%(∗.
8⊥ιΞ∗+/∗+Ω(/Ωδ∗(Ω}∗σ∴ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(





ΒΩ(∀π0!0.Ο

?
Β0⊥0.Ο
0
&α
0
ΟΩ∀Ψϕυ/0Β.Ο
Π
0Β2⁄.

  


Ο
#.2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+/µΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε)∗+!β/(,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋()αΩ()⊥(ϕ∗+
Ωε{∗(Α∆/)σΛ0.Ο


ΩΝ.}∗σ∴ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α
3.ΟΛ⁄Ν.  .ΟΛχ⁄Ν. .0Λ⁄Ν.  .0Λχ⁄Ν.
(∗.∆.ΕΦ%Ε)σψ∗(⊥(ϕ∗+Ωε{∗(Α9
Ο
/)σΩ&_#⊥(ϕ∗+Ωε{∗(Α
∆/)σΛ0.Ο

ΩΝΒ
Ω∀Ω(φπΩ}∗σ∴+µ/0.Ο

Λε∀ισΝΒσ∋πε∀Ω}∗σ∴ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀!β/(∃α0
ΟΟΟΟ⁄Οχ⁄.

 2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω+Υ!ΩΞΠ∗&α/∋ς∗/!0!.}∗σ∴
+µ/ι∀)Ψς∗+∃α%
3.0ΟΟ⁄. .0ΟΟε∀ισ...Ο

⁄. ..Ο

ε∀ισ.
∆.ΕΦ%(∗.
Ω(/



Β&_#Π∗Π.Ο
Χ
&α0!0.Ο
?
.


 Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+/µΩ}∗σ∴Οχ⁄Β,ϕ_/σµ∗+/ω∀σµ∗+
Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΨµ∃α
3.0ΟΟΟ!.  .0ΟΟΟχ!. .ΟΟΟ!.  .ΟΟΟχ!.
∆.ΕΦ%(∗3.
8⊥ιΞ∗+/∗+Ω(/Ωδ∗(,ϕ_/σµ∗+











 Ι2β/(/(∗σµ∗+/ω∀!ψπΩ(∋&Ω∋π]∗Ψ#Ζ∗+Υ!ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗ΣΣΟ⊥&α
/∋ς∗/!0Ο.ϕ_/σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω!α!β/(Ω(∋Ψϕυ/∃
3.ΟΟ!.  .Ο!.  .0Ο!.  .ΟΟ!.
∆.ΕΦ%(∗.
ϕ_/σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω!α!β/(/(∗σµ∗+Ω(∋Ψϕυ/∃α



0Ο!.

 Α2ςΩ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗++Υ!!ςΩ/∋ς∗/!/µΨςΩ/!!&α!ςΩΩΞ
Ψ#Ζ∗/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+ΟΒ.2β/(Ω(∋Ψϕυ/σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/µΩ}∗σ∴∗α)σ∀∋Ψπ∞
3.?Σ?ΟΒΧ⁄.  .ΧΒ⁄.  .Ο?Β0Χ0⁄.  .ΒΧ⁄.

(∗.
∆.ΕΦ%}∗σ∴!α!β/(Ω(∋Ψϕυ/∃α





ΧΒ⁄.

 γ2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∃δΩϕκ∗++Υ!ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+
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♦ΟΒ3.

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Ω(∋}∗=&α)(∀#///ω∀∗+∋Υ∗Ψ#Ζ∗!ςΩ/(#θ∋/µσ∋φΩΨ#Ζ∗Ψς∗+χ(∗+Ψϒ#&α
Ψ#Ζ∗ΩεκΩε)∗+εΩ({Ωε)∗+!β/(/µιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗χ(∗+Ψϒ#/ϕρ∗+Ψς.∗+∗+∋Υ∗
Ψ#Ζ∗∗απΨ∗β⊥Ψ#Ζ∗/()!ςΩΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+0.Ο
Π

.(#Ψ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗
ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗ΨβΩ+#ψΩε//Ψβ#Β∗+[ΩΩΞΨ#Ζ∗χ(γ#∗+∋Υ∗εΥ#∗∴#ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗&_#/∋ς∗/!
Ω(∋}∗Ω(α∗(!ςΩ!β/(ιβ)Ψς∗+Ω({Ωε)∗+!β/(/µι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩι)&_#/(∋
χ{,ξ∗+.Ο
Π
σ&α/ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗//Ψβ#,ξ∗+Σ.δ∗(ε.
.
∀/µ%
Τ
∗ 

0


0
0




ΟΒ0.Ο
Π
.
 (#ι∗+∗+∋Υ∗∗απΨ∗β⊥Ψ#Ζ∗/()ΩΞΩ({%
Ο
 .{

0

0

Ο


0

0
Ο


0
Σ
Τ
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 
 
 


0
ε
Π∆


=.

η.2ςΩ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω+Υ!/∋ς∗/!/µΨςΩ/!06Β&αΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µ
Ψ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+?ΟΟΟ⊥Ψ#Ζ∗ΩεκΩ(∋}∗/ω∀/∋ς∗ιπ&αιπ∗∴#∃α♥Ψ#Ζ∗ψ⊥//Ψβ#
+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗∃α.δ∗(/∗+σ∋φΩ/}∗/∋∗+/φ⊥Ψι∋πΩε{ι∀)Ψς∗+/ω∀
!β/(Ωε)∗+!ςΩΩ(ρ#+#∀∗ια#.


∀/µ%
Ο
Α
Ο

Ο

Ο


6Β6.Ο
?
3Γ
0
0
Ο
∗&
Β?Χ.Ο
Π
.

!.
2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω+Υ!!ςΩ/∋ς∗ιπ/µΨςΩ/!Ο!&αΩΞΨ#Ζ∗
/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+.]∋!β/(/µΨ#Ζ∗ΩεκΩ(∋}∗Ο
0
ΒΨι∋πΩε{ι∀)Ψς∗+Ωε)∗+
!β/(&_#(#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗Ω(]//Ψβ#+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗∃α0Ω({⊥(#/∋∗+/φ⊥/()
!β/(!ςΩ/∗+σ∋φΩΩε∋∗+,{∗(,ξ∗+,∀)∗(#∋∞
.∀/µ%


0
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0
Ο


0

0
Ο

Ο

Ο


ΟΒ03
Ο
0
&
ΟΒΟΠ
0


0
=60.Ο
Π
.

∃.2ςΩ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω∃δΩϕκ∗++Υ!/∋ς∗/!Ω(∋}∗/µΨςΩ/!

 &αΩΞ Ψ#Ζ∗ /µΨ#Ζ∗ ι∋∗+  .ε)∗+!β/(/µ ι∀) Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩ ι). δ∗(
χ()∗+Ω(ρ#+#∀∗+#ϖ∀(∀#∃}∗∃#∗Ω#]⊥!αΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗!ςΩ,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µΨς∃_∗
//Ψβ#&αχ()∗+Ω(ρ#+#∀∗+#ϖ∀(∀#∃}∗∃#∗Ω#]⊥!α∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,ξ∗+
∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+ΩΩεϕρ∗+.

  


Π
(∋χι∀)Ψς∗+%0

Ο.Ο
Π
?Β∆.Ο
Π
σ.ε)∗+!ςΩ/(∋χ{/µ0∃}∗
Ψ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗,∗ΩΞΨβΩ+#ψΩε//Ψβ#∗∗χ()∗+Ω(ρ#+#∀∗+#ϖ∀(∀#∃}∗∃#∗Ω#]⊥
!αΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗,∗ΩΞΨβΩ//Ψβ#∃αΩ
0

.Ο
Π
Β6.Ο
Π
σ.ε)∗+!ςΩ/(∋
χ{/µ∆∃}∗∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,ξ∗+∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+ΩΩεϕρ∗+∗∗χ()∗+Ω(ρ#+#∀∗
+#ϖ∀(∀#∃}∗∃#∗Ω#]⊥!α∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,ξ∗+∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+ΩΩεϕρ∗+∃α%
 Ω



0Β.Ο
Π
6ΒΣ.Ο
Π
σ.

∀.ε)∗+!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∃δΩϕκ∗+Ψ∀∗+/µι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩι).(ρ#+#∀∗
∗+[∗∗(φΩΨ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗++#!Ω+#ψΩε//Ψβ#ο∋∴∗+/ν∗!ςΩ∗τ∀+#ψ
Ωε//Ψβ#∃αΒ.Ο
∆
σ.δ∗(Ω(ρ#+#∀∗∗+[∗∗(φΩΨΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗ΩΞ+#!Ω+#ψΩε
//Ψβ#ο∋∴∗+/ν∗!ςΩ∗τ∀+#ψΩε//Ψβ#.

(#



0

!∀ο
(∀π

0

Α
0


0
.


0

Α
0
Ο
Α
Ο
0
!
.ϕ∗+Ω∗(ϕ!∴#∃#∗(Ζ
+#ϖ∀ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&α/(∋π∗Ψς∗+Ωεν∗Ψθ∋ΒΩ∀Ω(φπΩ(ρ#+#∀∗∗+[∗∗(φΩΨ
Ψ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗ΩΞ+#!ΩΑ
Ο
ο∋∴∗+/ν∗
Ο
0
!
∃αΩ
Σ

ΣΩ0.Ο
Π
σ.(ρ#
+#∀∗∗+[∗∗(φΩΨΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ωε∗ΩΞ+#!Ω+#ψΩε//Ψβ#Α
Ο
ο∋∴∗+/ν∗
Ο
0
!

∃αΩ
Π

0.Ο
Π
σ.
#. ϕρ∗+ Ψς ιν∗+ Ψ#Ζ∗ Ω/ Ω(ρ# Ωε)∗+ !ςΩ !β/( ι∀) Ψς∗+  ∃δ Ωϕκ∗+ ∃
α
#ΟΒΟΣ/)σ0ΟΟΟΩΛ3Ν.∋ς∗ιπ/µΨςΩ/!Ο!.πΩδ∗(Ψ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀ΩΞ
Ψ#Ζ∗.Μψ/Ψ∗(Ψ#Ζ∗ψ⊥+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗Ωβ#Ω(ρ#Ψ#!/ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/
Ω(ρ#Ωε)∗+!β/(,ξ∗++#ψΩε/ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗(#Ζ∋ιΞ∗+.
  ∀ /µ%  

0


 .Ο
Π
   

0

0
Ο
 ΒΠ.Ο
∆
♣ 

 


0

0
 

0

0
Ο
0
&

ΟΒΣ.Ο
∆
♣




ΟΒΣ.Ο
∆
♣∋
0

Β

∆
0
.
 .2ςΩ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∃δΩϕκ∗++Υ!/∋ς∗/!Ω(∋}∗/µΨςΩ/!Ο!

&αΩΞΨ#Ζ∗/µΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+.ε)∗+!β/(Ψ∀∗+/µι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩι)&_#/ϕρ∗+
Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗#ΟΒ0/)σ0ΟΟΟΩΛ#Ωδ∗(,ξ∗+3ΒΩΩδ∗(,ξ∗+σΝ.δ∗(Ψς∃_∗(#Ζ∋Ψ#Ζ∗
Ω(]+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗ΩΞ&α)Ω(ρ#Ψ#!!α/ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωε)∗+!β/(,ξ∗+!ςΩ∗τ∀
/ϕρ∗+Ψς(#Ζ∋ιΞ∗+.

∀/µ%
0



.Ο
Π


0

0
Ο


0
∋
0
Θ

0
#
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Ψ∀∗+Ωδ/(Ψ#Ζ∗ΝΩ({
Α
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Α
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Ο
/)σΛΩΘ
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0

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Ο∗]∋#Ψ∀∗+Ω∼∗+Ω({
#
′Ο∗]∋#Ψ∀∗++#!Ω({
#
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!

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Ο.

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/!/µΨςΩ/!Ο
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+#ψΩε//Ψβ#&α,ξ∗+∆Ο!3.{!,#∋Ω(//ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Β,#∋Ω(/Ψ#Ζ∗
Ωδ/(Ωε∗/ψ/,∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗&α,#∋Ω(/Ψ#Ζ∗ψ⊥+#ϖ∀(∀#,∗ΩΞ.
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Ο
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0

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0

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ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗∃α


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Ω(/Ψ#Ζ∗ψ⊥Ωε∗ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗&α/ϕρ∗+Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗/(βπΩε)∗+!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+.
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0
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Ψςιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗(#Ζ∋ιΞ∗+!3.(∗+∴/Ω(ρ#+#∀∗∃€/∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+
,ξ∗+?∃}∗∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+ΩΩεϕρ∗+&αΩΞΨ#Ζ∗Ψ∀∗+⊥(µ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗.#]Ω,#∋Ω(/Ψ#Ζ∗
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Ψς∗+.
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0
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1ΟΚΝ]⊥_.3−1:161160∀
Ν
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Υς3ΩΓΟΝΙ,,∋:1α7>1ς6Ω
??3 1−!:1/3Ω>−1
.β∃−8,.91.33Ω
χ




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ΝΩ/)σΛ9Α
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  
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Ι
η
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ΤΟρεθΞ
% 2#Ω
Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ω()Ω(ρ#+#∀∗Ψθ∋σ#∗(ε∀!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+ ο)ψπ.
#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+ο)ψπ∃αΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+!α/ψ/Ψϕρ∗+σ/,∀)Α∋∀∗(/ψ/Ψϕρ∗+/!∗+
Ω
ΤΟρεθΞΙ%
2#Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ω()Ω(ρ#+#∀∗Ψθ∋σ#∗(ε∀!ςΩΩΩεϕρ∗+ο)ψπ.
Ωεϕρ∗+ο)ψπ∃αΩΩεϕρ∗+!α/ψ/Ψϕρ∗+/!∗+Ω,∀)Α∋∀∗(/ψ/Ψϕ_∗+σ/
/ω∀Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+.
Τν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ι≤∗&αιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ι/(Ε,#]∗Ω(#∗/ω∀Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+/∗+σ#∗(ε∀!ςΩ

ΩΩεϕρ∗+∗(ϕιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗∗∗Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗/∗+/µΩ(ο!∗(ϕ∃αιν∗+
Ψ#Ζ∗.µΨϕυ/+#∃αιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ι/(Βιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωε)∗+ιπι≤∗+#∃αιν∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ι≤∗.
ΙΟΠ)Θ,−.)/
Γ(ψΩ!#∗(/ω∀2∼/ο)∗ι≤∗Ψ]∗χ]Ω∃∋∗χ(∗+Ω(/µΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+()/ΩΩεϕρ∗+
ΩΥ∗Ωβ#ε#∗+,#ΖΩΒΨ/∃⊥&_#∗(∀∋.#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗∗α)/∗+σ#∗(ε∀Ω
Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗&α∗+ϕυ/∃β#ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗∗α)/∗+σ#∗(ε∀Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+
,#]∗Ω(#∗.
#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+&αΩΩεϕρ∗+∃α(∀#!ΩΩ((#Ζ∗χ(ψ/∗(∀∋/ω∀!ςΩ∃)β#Ωεϕρ∗+ι∋π
∗(φΩ+#∃αΨ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+.
ΑςΛ),εθτ)−⊥)/χΜΟΠ)Θ
#στΩβ#Ψ#!4Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗/µ!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗

χ(∗+Ω[Ω
ι}∗.µσ#∗(ε∀κ/ψ/Ψ#!∃∗/∗!ςΩΩΩεϕρ∗+ο)ψπ

ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗


∃β#+πε∀κ/ψ/Ψ#!∃∗/∗∗µ!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗
0
&α/Ω(]∃∀∗ες∗+
ι}∗ε∀.#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+∃∀∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗∗+απ/α∗+ο∀Ψ#!4.
υθ%ϕ∗+Ωψ/Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩ(/(#Ζ∗Ω(∗+Α∋∀Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+⊥(#Ω∴∗!ςΩχ()∗+
Ω(ρ#+#∀∗ΨΩε∋πθ∗Ψϕυ/ΩΨ#!∗Ψ]∗Ψ#!χ#∀
  



00


ϖ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ
δ0Ξ>121−ΩΣ[)
(#Ωβ#!ςΩΨ#!4/µ!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ψ#!ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&_#Ω}∗σ∴Ω()
⊥(ϕ∗+Ω(→∗+Ψ∗+µΩβ)ε∀Ωβ#4!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&_#Ω}∗σ∴.
#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+∗απ⊥(ψΩσ#∗(!ςΩΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&_#Ω}∗σ∴.
πΩβ#4({∗(Ω(α∗(!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀.#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+∗απ
∃∀∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗ιϕ_#ιβ∗+σµ∗+.Εµ∗+Ψµ+#∃ασµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω.
δ>12)
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω∃αΑ∋ψΩε{∗(Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗/ω∀Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗
Ω∋}∗()α∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗Ω()Ω(ρ#+#∀∗.
ΙΨ)ωΥΛµϖ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩε∋πθ∗Ψϕυ/Ωε)∗+/ψ/!#Ωεϕρ∗+&Ω/(φΩ&α/Ωε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+.
∗Ω∴/Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+,ξ∗+&∗Ω∴/ψ∗(σψ∗+&/?.Ο
Σ

!σ.
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω∃ασµ∗+∗+∀∗+.ε)∗+Α∋ψΩε{∗(Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+ΒΩβ#!ςΩΨ#!,φΩχΩε∗
⊥(ϕ∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Β&/Ω
Β&/Ω ∃∋∗&∋∗++µ/&_#∗(∀∋&α&∋∗++µ/&_#
⊥(ϕ∗+Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+.


Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/µΩδ∗(/(φΩ+#∴∗+σµ∗+/(/%/(€∗+⊥(∗οβΨϕυ/Ωε∗/ψ/!Ω
χ#!∃)β#Β/µΩ(χ(€/οβ&α/(€∗++#∀)Ω()∀Ψϕυ/&_#∗(∀∋.
∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+/ω∀σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩ↓∃Ζ&_#∃∋°Ω(∀,/∆/ω∀Ω}∗σ∴.
Αϖ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ,)/ξ)/Ο)&ξεθΞ)
1>ε=6
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/µ,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ω&α#!Ψ]∗&α#χ!Ψϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/
&Ω∋π]∗+#∃αµϖ)/&ξεθΞ)
ε?−.Ε>ε=6

  



0?
ε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+% &_#/?.Ο
Σ
!σ
ε)∗+!#Ωεϕρ∗+&Ω/(φΩ/µ/(#]Ωσ∋φΩ∗Ω({

_δ&∃αΩ∴/Ψςψ∗(σψ∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+!#Ωεϕρ∗+/µ/(#]Ωσ∋φΩ∗
φ<,>ε=6γΩ
ΤΓ(∗∃)∀%


Τ∀#Ωεν/ω∀Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#Ωε)∗+&#Ζ/Ω(∋&α⊥(ψΩσµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗
Θ∃1,%∃αΩ}∗+χ(δΑ∋π∗κΨς/∀)ΩΣΟΣΟΟχ!/µ/(∀∗(#θ∋(βΩ!∀∗+Ψ#Ζ∗
Ωδ/(∃α/ψ/∃/Ωε)∗Β#)∗ιϕ∗+&α#)∗!.
Θδ>%/µ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+∗(γ∗∗χ(∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#ο∀Ψϕυ/.ΙΩ,∗ϕ_/(φ⊥Ω(Ξ∗∗
Ψϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/Ωε∗!ΩΨφΩ&αΩε)∗+∗ϕ_/.
Θδ>%∀∗∗+απσµ∗+Ωε∋∗+,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#(φ⊥Ω(Ξ!β∗(∗∗χ(∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#
ο∀Ψϕυ/.∀∗Ψ!,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#⊥(∗οβ!β∗(∗∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#ο∀Ψϕυ/.ϕυ/ι∗+
Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/&α),∀∗Ψ!.
Θδ>α%µ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+∃_∗Β,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#&α!ΩΨφΩ⊥(∗οβ!β∗(.{&πΩ
!ςΩΨα#⊥(ψΩΩε∗!ΩΨφΩΩ({σµ∗+∗+[∗/µΩ(Ωε∋πθ∗Ω_#!#∗#Ωε∗!ΩΨφΩ.∗+
Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/Ωε∗!ΩΨφΩ.
Θδ>0α%µ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+εφΩ∃_∗&αχ(∗+,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#⊥(∗οβ(∀π(φ⊥
Ω(Ξ.ϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+Ω(∗Ω#∗&ΩεΞ.
9:ψΦ7Ε9:∆]0ζ
7χϑΟϑΚΛΜΝ)/

+−
ε)∗+Α∋ψΩε{∗(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωι#±∗ε∀κ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+ΒΨ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+(}∋
∗(ϕχ(∗+,/οβε∀,∗∗+)α#.2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∗(ϕ&π+#∃α!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+χδ∗
+/
]∋Ωψ/(ο∀(∀#,∗///ω∀ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗ΒΨΥ∗+Ω(ρ#Ωψ/(/ψ/&ν∗+ιπ/ω∀/∋ς∗/!
Ω({&∗+χ(∗++#∀∗/µΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗&αΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψϕυ/!κ
ες∗+.(#Ψµ!β/(Ψϕυ/+#∃α!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+(κ
≅η
α!ςΩιβ∗+ι∀)Ψς∗+(κΒ∃α/∗+/Ξ,/οβσµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω.
2ςΩσ∴∃)β#∀∗Ω∗Ω(ϕρ∗+Ψϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+στιΞ∗+Ωε)∗+Ψρ#σ∴∗+%
  



0∆

Ι/εθ(){ε)/ΥΛ&ΟΠξ)/Ο)Ο()ϑΩ|)/µϖ)/&ξεθΞ)
_=α=Σε)
µ∆∗+∋π∗Ω[/Ωε)∗+&#Ζ/Ωε∋πθ∗Ω(∗+Ω#∗,ξ∗+σµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗
ΤΓ(#ι∗+/ψ/σµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗/µ,ϕ_/σµ∗+∗+[∗∗ξ!Ωε)∗+&∗+/ψ/ι#σµ∗+&
Ω∋π]∗.(ϖ∗+σµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗ι∗+ΨΩ#/ψ/Ω(∗+Ω#∗+#∃α/ψ/>.µ∃α
/ψ/σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/∀)Ω}∗/µ,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ω&α#!Ψ]∗&α#Ωε∼!!.
ΤΓ(#,#]∗Ψ#Ζ∋/ψ/σµ∗+!∀∗+.
∗+!#/εΨ,#]∗ι∀)Ψς∗+!Ω(α∗(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗%σµ∗+!Ω}∗.
∗+!β/(,#]∗Ψ#Ζ∋Ψ″Ωες∗σµ∗+!Ω}∗&_#σµ∗+!∀∗+%,#]∗Ψ#Ζ∗σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗
Ω.
Τ≥∗#Ω(∋Βι∗+>ΨΩψ/(σµ∗+!Ω}∗ε∀χ(γ#σµ∗+/∀)Ω}∗ΨΨϕ∀
ε∀∃)∀.
Τ(#Ωδ∗(#Ζ∋Ω(∋Ψϕυ//µ/ϕρ∗+Ψς∗(γΒΩ∀⊥(#χ(∋π]/(Ψβ#/(€∗+,ξ∗+/ψ/
=6.

δβϑ =7>ε=6β


δβϑ =>ε=6β

  



0

2×#+#ψΩε/ω∀(/Β/()Ω∀!ςΩ+#ψΩεΩ}∗σ∴Β/(∋χ{Ωϕ∗+∗+Β&#]ΩΩφΩ//ψ/
,#∋Ω(/Ω}∗σ∴()//(∋χ{ΨµεΥ#+ψ∗∗(ϖ∗++#ψΩεΨθ,α#/()Ωϕ∗+∗+Λ∗]∋/µΝ.
∀/∗+Ω(/Ωδ∗(,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ω∀Ω(φπΒ,ϕ_/σµ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ω()&α.(∀π
/α∗+∃_∗Β,ϕ_/σµ∗+/α∗+∃_∗.]∋Ψ#θ∋/(↑∗(!β/(σ∀)/()&α,#]∗Ω(#∗Ω

!
Β 
!
 Ψ]∗ 
2
Β 
2
 Ω({ ,ϕ_/ σµ∗+ /∗+ ,#]∗ Ω(#∗ Ωϕ∗+ ∗+ Ωε)∗+ ι# Ω
!!!
/0
Ψ]∗
222
/0


∗Ω∴/∃∀∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗&/?.Ο
Σ
!σ
2ψπ⊥(ψΩ()/!ψπΩ(∋σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩστιΞ∗+!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ω({Ω}∗σ∴σµ∗+
Ψ#Ζ∗Ω⊥(ψΩ()/Ω(∋Ψϕυ/,ξ∗+Ω}∗σ∴ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(.
}∗σ∴+µ/ΒΩ}∗σ∴&α/(∋χ{ι∀)Ψς∗+ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(%
0
0








ϕ_/σµ∗+/ω∀σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω
0

 
%
 
 

Ε,)2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+/µ,#]∗Ψϒ#Ω
2#∗

2∀ο
&α,#]∗Ψϒ#Ω
2#∗


2∀ο

Ω({,ϕ_/σµ∗+/ω∀
σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω⊥(ψΩΛ()/Ω(∋Ν
  
2#∗
Ωϕ∗+∗+&_#
2#∗
&α
2#∗
  
2∀ο
Ωϕ∗+∗+&_#
2∀ο
&α
2∀ο

∃αΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀,ςΩΞΨ#Ζ∗.
Θ ]∋ ,ς ΩΞ +Υ! 

Β 
0
Β 
?
Β  ![/ ∗∴# Ω#]⊥Β Ψ#Ζ∗ ι∋∗+ /ω∀ ,ς ΩΞ Ωδ∗( ,κ#










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Βχ(#Ψµ

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00
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


Θ]∋,ςΩΞ+Υ!

Β
0
Β
?
Β ![/σ)∗+σ)∗+ΒΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀,ςΩΞ∃α

Θ
0
Θ

?
Θ Βχ(#Ψµ
ΝΛ0
ΝΛ0


ΝΛ

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?0?0






Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+⊥(ψΩ()/Ω(∋Ψϕυ//µΩ}∗σ∴Ψ€∗+,ξ∗+Ω}∗σ∴

ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(ΒΩ∀/µΩ(οψ/Ψ∗(,ϕ_/σµ∗+/ω∀/(€∗+Λ&∗Ω∴/Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+Ωε)∗+
χ(∗+χ(δ/µΩ(∃φπ,ξ∗+/?.Ο
Σ
!σΝ%
/0/




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_6ΣιΩ1 8,Υ,ΞΞ
 =ϕ.6Γ0 <=εϕΙκ

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