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ΩΥ∗Ωβ#ε#∗+,#ΖΩΒΨ/∃⊥&_#∗(∀∋.#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗∗α)/∗+σ#∗(ε∀Ω
Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗&α∗+ϕυ/∃β#ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗∗α)/∗+σ#∗(ε∀Ψ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+
,#]∗Ω(#∗.
#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+&αΩΩεϕρ∗+∃α(∀#!ΩΩ((#Ζ∗χ(ψ/∗(∀∋/ω∀!ςΩ∃)β#Ωεϕρ∗+ι∋π
∗(φΩ+#∃αΨ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+.
ΑςΛ),εθτ)−⊥)/χΜΟΠ)Θ
#στΩβ#Ψ#!4Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗/µ!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗
χ(∗+Ω[Ω
ι}∗.µσ#∗(ε∀κ/ψ/Ψ#!∃∗/∗!ςΩΩΩεϕρ∗+ο)ψπ
ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗
∃β#+πε∀κ/ψ/Ψ#!∃∗/∗∗µ!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗
0
&α/Ω(]∃∀∗ες∗+
ι}∗ε∀.#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+∃∀∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗∗+απ/α∗+ο∀Ψ#!4.
υθ%ϕ∗+Ωψ/Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩ(/(#Ζ∗Ω(∗+Α∋∀Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+⊥(#Ω∴∗!ςΩχ()∗+
Ω(ρ#+#∀∗ΨΩε∋πθ∗Ψϕυ/ΩΨ#!∗Ψ]∗Ψ#!χ#∀
00
ϖ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ
δ0Ξ>121−ΩΣ[)
(#Ωβ#!ςΩΨ#!4/µ!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωδ/(Ψ#!ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&_#Ω}∗σ∴Ω()
⊥(ϕ∗+Ω(→∗+Ψ∗+µΩβ)ε∀Ωβ#4!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&_#Ω}∗σ∴.
#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+∗απ⊥(ψΩσ#∗(!ςΩΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀&_#Ω}∗σ∴.
πΩβ#4({∗(Ω(α∗(!ςΩΨ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψ#θ∋(ν∀.#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+∗απ
∃∀∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗ιϕ_#ιβ∗+σµ∗+.Εµ∗+Ψµ+#∃ασµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω.
δ>12)
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω∃αΑ∋ψΩε{∗(Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗/ω∀Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗
Ω∋}∗()α∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗Ω()Ω(ρ#+#∀∗.
ΙΨ)ωΥΛµϖ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩε∋πθ∗Ψϕυ/Ωε)∗+/ψ/!#Ωεϕρ∗+&Ω/(φΩ&α/Ωε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+.
∗Ω∴/Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+,ξ∗+&∗Ω∴/ψ∗(σψ∗+&/?.Ο
Σ
!σ.
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω∃ασµ∗+∗+∀∗+.ε)∗+Α∋ψΩε{∗(Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+ΒΩβ#!ςΩΨ#!,φΩχΩε∗
⊥(ϕ∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Β&/Ω
Β&/Ω ∃∋∗&∋∗++µ/&_#∗(∀∋&α&∋∗++µ/&_#
⊥(ϕ∗+Ωε∋πθ∗σµ∗+.
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/µΩδ∗(/(φΩ+#∴∗+σµ∗+/(/%/(€∗+⊥(∗οβΨϕυ/Ωε∗/ψ/!Ω
χ#!∃)β#Β/µΩ(χ(€/οβ&α/(€∗++#∀)Ω()∀Ψϕυ/&_#∗(∀∋.
∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+/ω∀σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩΩ↓∃Ζ&_#∃∋°Ω(∀,/∆/ω∀Ω}∗σ∴.
Αϖ)/ΜΟΠ)Θ,)/ξ)/Ο)&ξεθΞ)
1>ε=6
Εµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/µ,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ω&α#!Ψ]∗&α#χ!Ψϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/
&Ω∋π]∗+#∃αµϖ)/&ξεθΞ)
ε?−.Ε>ε=6
0?
ε)∗+/(∗χ(∗+% &_#/?.Ο
Σ
!σ
ε)∗+!#Ωεϕρ∗+&Ω/(φΩ/µ/(#]Ωσ∋φΩ∗Ω({
_δ&∃αΩ∴/Ψςψ∗(σψ∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+!#Ωεϕρ∗+/µ/(#]Ωσ∋φΩ∗
φ<,>ε=6γΩ
ΤΓ(∗∃)∀%
Τ∀#Ωεν/ω∀Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#Ωε)∗+&#Ζ/Ω(∋&α⊥(ψΩσµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗
Θ∃1,%∃αΩ}∗+χ(δΑ∋π∗κΨς/∀)ΩΣΟΣΟΟχ!/µ/(∀∗(#θ∋(βΩ!∀∗+Ψ#Ζ∗
Ωδ/(∃α/ψ/∃/Ωε)∗Β#)∗ιϕ∗+&α#)∗!.
Θδ>%/µ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+∗(γ∗∗χ(∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#ο∀Ψϕυ/.ΙΩ,∗ϕ_/(φ⊥Ω(Ξ∗∗
Ψϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/Ωε∗!ΩΨφΩ&αΩε)∗+∗ϕ_/.
Θδ>%∀∗∗+απσµ∗+Ωε∋∗+,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#(φ⊥Ω(Ξ!β∗(∗∗χ(∗+Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#
ο∀Ψϕυ/.∀∗Ψ!,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#⊥(∗οβ!β∗(∗∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ψ#ο∀Ψϕυ/.ϕυ/ι∗+
Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/&α),∀∗Ψ!.
Θδ>α%µ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+∃_∗Β,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#&α!ΩΨφΩ⊥(∗οβ!β∗(.{&πΩ
!ςΩΨα#⊥(ψΩΩε∗!ΩΨφΩΩ({σµ∗+∗+[∗/µΩ(Ωε∋πθ∗Ω_#!#∗#Ωε∗!ΩΨφΩ.∗+
Ωε)∗+Ω(∗+Ω#∗∃#∗∃β/Ωε∗!ΩΨφΩ.
Θδ>0α%µ∗∼∗+∃ϕυ∗+εφΩ∃_∗&αχ(∗+,Ω}∗Ψ#Ζ∗∃#⊥(∗οβ(∀π(φ⊥
Ω(Ξ.ϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+Ω(∗Ω#∗&ΩεΞ.
9:ψΦ7Ε9:∆]0ζ
7χϑΟϑΚΛΜΝ)/
+−
ε)∗+Α∋ψΩε{∗(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ωι#±∗ε∀κ!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+ΒΨ#Ζ∗ΩΩεϕρ∗+(}∋
∗(ϕχ(∗+,/οβε∀,∗∗+)α#.2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+∗(ϕ&π+#∃α!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+χδ∗
+/
]∋Ωψ/(ο∀(∀#,∗///ω∀ΩΞΨ#Ζ∗ΒΨΥ∗+Ω(ρ#Ωψ/(/ψ/&ν∗+ιπ/ω∀/∋ς∗/!
Ω({&∗+χ(∗++#∀∗/µΨ#Ζ∗Ωεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗&αΩΩεϕρ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ψϕυ/!κ
ες∗+.(#Ψµ!β/(Ψϕυ/+#∃α!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+(κ
≅η
α!ςΩιβ∗+ι∀)Ψς∗+(κΒ∃α/∗+/Ξ,/οβσµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω.
2ςΩσ∴∃)β#∀∗Ω∗Ω(ϕρ∗+Ψϕυ/ι∗+Ωε)∗+στιΞ∗+Ωε)∗+Ψρ#σ∴∗+%
0∆
Ι/εθ(){ε)/ΥΛ&ΟΠξ)/Ο)Ο()ϑΩ|)/µϖ)/&ξεθΞ)
_=α=Σε)
µ∆∗+∋π∗Ω[/Ωε)∗+&#Ζ/Ωε∋πθ∗Ω(∗+Ω#∗,ξ∗+σµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗
ΤΓ(#ι∗+/ψ/σµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗/µ,ϕ_/σµ∗+∗+[∗∗ξ!Ωε)∗+&∗+/ψ/ι#σµ∗+&
Ω∋π]∗.(ϖ∗+σµ∗+&Ω∋π]∗ι∗+ΨΩ#/ψ/Ω(∗+Ω#∗+#∃α/ψ/>.µ∃α
/ψ/σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω/∀)Ω}∗/µ,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ω&α#!Ψ]∗&α#Ωε∼!!.
ΤΓ(#,#]∗Ψ#Ζ∋/ψ/σµ∗+!∀∗+.
∗+!#/εΨ,#]∗ι∀)Ψς∗+!Ω(α∗(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ψ#Ζ∗%σµ∗+!Ω}∗.
∗+!β/(,#]∗Ψ#Ζ∋Ψ″Ωες∗σµ∗+!Ω}∗&_#σµ∗+!∀∗+%,#]∗Ψ#Ζ∗σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗
Ω.
Τ≥∗#Ω(∋Βι∗+>ΨΩψ/(σµ∗+!Ω}∗ε∀χ(γ#σµ∗+/∀)Ω}∗ΨΨϕ∀
ε∀∃)∀.
Τ(#Ωδ∗(#Ζ∋Ω(∋Ψϕυ//µ/ϕρ∗+Ψς∗(γΒΩ∀⊥(#χ(∋π]/(Ψβ#/(€∗+,ξ∗+/ψ/
=6.
δβϑ =7>ε=6β
δβϑ =>ε=6β
0
2×#+#ψΩε/ω∀(/Β/()Ω∀!ςΩ+#ψΩεΩ}∗σ∴Β/(∋χ{Ωϕ∗+∗+Β&#]ΩΩφΩ//ψ/
,#∋Ω(/Ω}∗σ∴()//(∋χ{ΨµεΥ#+ψ∗∗(ϖ∗++#ψΩεΨθ,α#/()Ωϕ∗+∗+Λ∗]∋/µΝ.
∀/∗+Ω(/Ωδ∗(,ϕ_/σµ∗+Ω∀Ω(φπΒ,ϕ_/σµ∗+,#]∗Ω(#∗Ω()&α.(∀π
/α∗+∃_∗Β,ϕ_/σµ∗+/α∗+∃_∗.]∋Ψ#θ∋/(↑∗(!β/(σ∀)/()&α,#]∗Ω(#∗Ω
!
Β
!
Ψ]∗
2
Β
2
Ω({ ,ϕ_/ σµ∗+ /∗+ ,#]∗ Ω(#∗ Ωϕ∗+ ∗+ Ωε)∗+ ι# Ω
!!!
/0
Ψ]∗
222
/0
∗Ω∴/∃∀∗Ωε∋πθ∗Ωε)∗+χ(∗++#∀∗&/?.Ο
Σ
!σ
2ψπ⊥(ψΩ()/!ψπΩ(∋σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗ΩστιΞ∗+!β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+Ω({Ω}∗σ∴σµ∗+
Ψ#Ζ∗Ω⊥(ψΩ()/Ω(∋Ψϕυ/,ξ∗+Ω}∗σ∴ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(.
}∗σ∴+µ/ΒΩ}∗σ∴&α/(∋χ{ι∀)Ψς∗+ε#∗+/ω∀!β/(%
0
0
ϕ_/σµ∗+/ω∀σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω
0
%
Ε,)2β/(ι∀)Ψς∗+/µ,#]∗Ψϒ#Ω
2#∗
2∀ο
&α,#]∗Ψϒ#Ω
2#∗
2∀ο
Ω({,ϕ_/σµ∗+/ω∀
σµ∗+Ψ#Ζ∗Ω⊥(ψΩΛ()/Ω(∋Ν
2#∗
Ωϕ∗+∗+&_#
2#∗
&α
2#∗
2∀ο
Ωϕ∗+∗+&_#
2∀ο
&α
2∀ο
∃αΨ#Ζ∗ι∋∗+/ω∀,ςΩΞΨ#Ζ∗.
Θ ]∋ ,ς ΩΞ +Υ!
Β
0
Β
?
Β ![/ ∗∴# Ω#]⊥Β Ψ#Ζ∗ ι∋∗+ /ω∀ ,ς ΩΞ Ωδ∗( ,κ#
?0
Βχ(#Ψµ
?
0
?
0
?
0
00
Θ]∋,ςΩΞ+Υ!
Β
0
Β
?
Β 
