Đồ án tốt nghiệp cơ điện tử Thiết kế mạch chiếu sáng tự động

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KS(@T
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-#/'F.-"-/C;
$B!!">!+$+34'W4
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3/0@'5@P*+%/![=
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(=*X%(K4"4@0.$ 34&;P
*+@-#8@4'
]!)_)`KP*+@[01$ 
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*#b!&<0Q$P*+@0\-#C
"+\'
FO%0% 34FQ50 (K4"cd(Ke0?
.+34%/.:%/"-!Ufcgeb0?
.+'W61400?@<%//"h
^0=b0?.+'F/-"@%/
%0".<>?V4!? 
'K//-"%/iC/-"@0?
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$ /`
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• F4/>6Y?%>2>6Y//-"
• F/-/%/9?$=-#4$\<"+\
P*+
3 "$(/45/6-*6 !"!"#$%&'()*+,-()
m/ 0"Z"P0.-/0$=4
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$=-#4$.P*+'
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[34:4[i4b-4b'

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#:4>/"*4,p:;6n"'
• W`?&o>2!">/Z-
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9: 
tC:4-9*Q
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;:  `
m/ 6P*+!">/:44!">/
'W!">/6Q>/ 4b$ &<34
'u6\Q?;0Q"/
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/ $?P*+-$ -4@
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!: !"#$%#&'($).
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
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 -#!  /84y-#
!12";:.nY44'
F!"!"`-#!=z$o\#n
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-#!-6-@>Q?Y"^[.!*S*
KX4\4!$%`/>-6-v
4Q
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{
|S*0nV$P*+`/>o-#:/"^
,6P*+'(=!0nV%/ C46
*+."$84;/"$>/
34"&\.^$:%4'
;: /0+)
W4%<":7.o`K6,#
*<44$;$Q*+$:!;$
#4Q.70</'
"?(@A*`A4:!$R140=""/
"40$&'d"<$;"$."
/ 0/6#*+#
$%&4"0.4/-"Z@0?
:%4'
3BC
3 #("D#E(;'(1F(*G9(&#&*4G
9: H%* 4!89G9(&#&*4G
}
F4Z">40=>*Bw$=4;4"%/c~_
Ke/wO ~K~4?F4Q/wO K~K
4?F4?'
T;U_)W<4
Ba lớp bán dẫn được nối ra thành ba cực
• W %Ic]4Oe`2"[4$-0>*B$=40=>*B
0`0=>*B<"$6Z<<'
• W Jcd"Oe$ 6cW00Oe`2"\4$9
00>*B$=4Z<U0=>*B0
-4.-#b$o\4?'
;: /1234

Xét hoạt động của Transistor NPN
•
T;U_U`K.0R344K~K
F4<"Z",€O$4XW$XdXWZc•e
$XdZc_e'W<Z",€>O:4#n$:4[
!"*$4X]$dX]0Zc•e$Xd0Zc_e'
u#n"[4<2"V*94XW$d?<
$B-#6*:4"%Wdc0C*‚ƒke'
u#n6"%~_K?X Q*66"*
8Zc•e:4#n:4[!"*:4"%]d$,Zc_e
*‚>'K4-*‚>&<;0Qy6*‚:4
"%Wd0">6Y$*‚"<,0*‚>$Q
z*‚+$*‚>$+O"#`
!KL;  cU')e
F6
!`*:4"%wWd
;*:4"%w]d
L%-/34F4
)k
!: 56789(34:
5&oX 3444* 4$.340-464
E*44OONO.0->/? Xy#%
-„Q340-'
Các thông số kỹ thuật của Transistor
• | H*=344$?:4*=
4i>o'
• 5  H=344V$"%wWd
$?:4=F4i>o3'
• F<%n`H%="40"$>;$?:
%;-/344>o!"'

• T%-/`Hh0>/b34*‚0=<>4.0*
‚>
• W#< `u4."#<
~ƒ€O'‚O/#<$?:#< 34F4;
4i>o'
1: +)23(;<"
Mắc theo kiểu E chung
W6\4$X]$0<\4.XW"6Z
`T;U_l'
))
A…
†4
†
(WW
LK|
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T;U_l`GZ"nd
5V"34"-/d`
m0"$O/-/\469$=*\
$'].\4?0=>.\$,0$Q
"-/$,'|\40=*\$
-#,'
F\4?4$=\$`$;-\$
@y*B=*‚>O@$*‚O@<L0'T/4
†@$-/:!0"34XW!"'(?0$
!";XW0@$Q464?4$=
$'
mnO-d?*+,"P'u4,
-X]0C4"#nP
w+!"n4XW64-#'

Transistor mắc theo kiểu C chung
mnO-W6\?4$X]$0<\4[
Xd"6ZT;U_j`
)U
A…
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LK|
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T;U_j`G5ZmnW
5V"34"-/W
m-/6\4%$=\$'].\4
>2>.\$'|/€]d0k'x(-#4b.
-@X]>4.;Xdy@0.><.'(;
$Q\46>.#94$=\$'
W34\4"34\$,0`$;
-\$6>.@*B=*‚>Oi@*‚Oy@<
c‡e0*‚>O'
GZ?*+,"-/"|4"O=
-4\0",4*9"|4"O-/
\-v'K4"?*+<,
"bZ'
K44?0nOZ"]\?P
*+."P /'
)l
33 #@M5NO.#,#P%D"#>(
H/>o*+/#$P#\?$
-!@&P0RO;$01$ -4'(&P0RP*+
#$\$,-?*+%

P$="+\n0,$= /'
4e =>3)*+
T;U_fW<C$,-
Read Only Memory (ROM)
†O4*ˆ0mO"c†ˆme0"0>=?P*+0$1$S
;? 'u\D34;6?$/+
$-\D34>='†ˆm6?\?>.$,
-4."$0"n>.9$0$,
-'W!4,6"%?"'K/†ˆm?."$0"
>.$,-0v$;6Z0X
-'KZ0"!"%0?X$‰4 $,
)j
-P*+$="+\-'†ˆm0$n,
06."0"-/%$="#$'u\=
34*†ˆm8f)U]/xju]'
Random Access Memory (RAM)
†4*"ŠOmO"c†Šme0"0>=P*+*0
0"$-/:!4?4$?P*+:;
34>$,-'K*34>=>o&64"-Z
<>on'
Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM(EEPROM)
dd~†ˆm0"-V>34>=p6["%0$,-'
K*3466?4b:; ;c
 †Šme$B0$1$S4!4-"<Zc
 †ˆme'K6?*90o?4$?P
*+:;co7"o/"
$'$''e"!?04-Z<n'm><0?34>=
0:;$0%Q"'
Các thanh ghi chức năng đặc biệt (SFR)
F4@V>cGO40‹†OOe0"34>

=†Šm"+\34C?:o=>[!&<$-#
4b?'W4*96@Q/#=*0
*08#=6"%4,-:;34$,
-'W>34C?0.-/$Q0R="$,-
>bŠ‰|"*0,#%/qmr 4b34
>i=34$,-V$"'
)f
Bộ đếm chương trình (PC: Program Counter)
]/";4o4pp/#=4X0/Oi
?-\'G4"r- 0o34>/"?@0."
*6.;p ??80""'
Central Processor Unit (CPU)
5X0"$o6"$+,-$"<!
>.$,-$P*+-#$346
>4Z""%$o6:4^<0`
• ]!"06"$+Q*X0$,-"
-O0!"'(!" 6Q0
EON'mr^$,-6Q0-4'
Š"O40H40€cŠH€e <!4\%^
$0'
• F4\0ycŠ"04e0"4G‹†0.:4"Q/
$=34ŠH€'K60<!*0:;\
$0o-/:!7>o\/O'm
4G‹†-?^04cG4†OOe
>/34o04\0y'
Bộ dao động (Oscillator)
)x
T;U_x]*44
]*46$40""$+Z>6434<!
">.$,-'K6?>[4V%"b

o%0-#? O%34>*4"
Q">[$;"rX0? :4,>='mr0$,
-%-Œ-4 0'
Các cổng vào/ra (I/O Ports)
5$,-6\66 -/%$=/>o
$'mr$,-i6"V"%4c?^0be
?-/%$=X34$,-'
T;U_{`Wb$4‚‰ˆ
){
Truyền thông nối tiếp
T;U_}`F,#%/
u/%4$,-$/>o$? :4
b$‰40!0R[$=-!n$"w'F
.-,#4/>o[-!&4;-#*9
-/%$;$Q,#%/0!%<'
K4/$,-6"%>,-,#%
/"4>o.7'WC?P*++$,/%
-4`
• ]4./>o$,-"%4b*0
• F%4b*0
• u!,
• F,‰Q*0Z4-#…
Bộ định thời/bộđếm (Timers/Counters)
T/;P*+>o34$,
-'WC04G‹†}V)x>4"r&*4
0-o34C?@0.c//"/e4!"c
//"09e'K4-4"ni?&o
4$/"0"404`
)}
o>.$,-`0&o?44-/?

"*4>.$,-?4^C0
>ocF"Oe'o?4",V.6*9
0"/"4"\&'
o>.$,-`60\4b0.+44
"0$C-#</!,V?4
^C0>/"cWOe*+0P*+/"!7">2
,4$:4P4q
>e ?3*+:
mV*96<,^$,-?y,
;,-4C<!C$B6"%"
>!'
Hoạt động chương trình chính`
• u-#6Z<$,-p0"6
;•$6$-#6;&!4'
• u6Z"^>n?&!4$=%4'5
$o,-06"$+,-<!"^'K6-64<
!"-8"44'G4"X.<
!•'
• 5Z#/o%4346$%4[.
bo'W>344G‹†>/34<!
"$,-'F>$,-O-Œ34
r&\'
• F4>/";c~4"WOe?&64$,k'WX0
8o4p?P=>!"046? 40Q'
• Lo4~W?@0."$>:;?0V
0$q0"X'
)•
Chương trình con
F:; 034;\V!"0
^;*6!4 .;6

"0 ;2"["->=34
;0o4p-#0./$=X0^;'HC
4~W44o4p34040^;
= ;4o4p"0.34
;$4~W'G4- .;&
W~€6 X0/O34;\4o4p
[$,4~W0o4p[$,?^0@&/'
K@&/`0">=cV†Šme*94*o4p
[$,?+$+;Vn-?^'
K@&/y*90*0"'4"4$i
34;'F4@&/cG~_G4-Oe04
6*0o4p34#=.934@&/'K@&/
O/E$44=NcH‚‹ˆ_H4‚‹ˆe.0Q;
!7Q&!4?@&/*+o4p&/
90.4-W~€ .iX4Q:!."^$=%'
Hoạt động ngắt
Kn0.&<*\.‚WV
8>.P=W~€2"<o-
&;\/+? 34@&/'
e @A *+
5$,-OC""%P*+$,-
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