phong cách tiểu thuyết ma văn kháng

ại học quốc gia hà nội
Trờng đại học khoa học xã hội và nhân văn
dơng thị thanh hơng
Phong cách
tiểu thuyết Ma Văn Kháng
Chuyên ngành : Văn học Việt Nam
Mã số : 62 22 34 01
tóm tắt luận án tiến sĩ văn học
hà nội - 2014


Công trình đợc hoàn thành
tại Trờng Đại học Khoa học xã hội và Nhân văn
Ngời hớng dẫn khoa học: PGS.TS Nguyễn Ngọc Thiện
PGS.TS Hà Văn Đức
Phản biện:
Phản biện:
Phản biện:
Luận án đợc bảo vệ tại Hội đồng chấm luận án cấp c s, tại Tr-
ờng Đại học Khoa học xã hội và Nhân văn
Vào hồi giờ, ngày tháng năm 2014.
Có thể tìm hiểu luận án tại Th viện Quốc gia
và Trung tâm Thông tin - Th viện, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội



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2.1. Cơ sở lí thuyết
b"'V;D*O]:LE/
c[V\)KdFLceLd$] =LD !
3'"-(4%0,#$567(4%0,#$X/'

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)"*=Lf7g:DL("%+D
P&'/V;,
2.2. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
[<:]&'"=YXT.YXT
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L*+LL+1:R
89&:##;RV;L%&'
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/:,:< V]"%"'V;,
8<#:=>"?[</:B.6
] =L <$"N*/
 ])6V;^:*D"'LV
16LD !,b.7WL*+LL#6"%
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%&' 1;^$E`
L* Q<"$L%E
*OL%,aY"^$"B"^^L:&
 "jO*7&%&'cG%#d^V
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8::R[<.7W"9"#B"#"%
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DL*+7 %&',SN)
V Q5O:/$Y"^iL
<"")O"^^L]X1(<$/
 <)*O="kL$="*OG7G,

8".#43A#'",#R[<f<7WX
&'=LL$6%L <Y] 
 <$G<$)Y$" ,
!V;*/V$LGP$"'"#
$7g)Y>%&'f"*C<7WD;"(',
&'!(") *+),+-"$%
3.1. Đi tưng, phạm vi nghiên cứu
S*CV;<*O'] =L
 <L <,b"^%&'
,-"*C&^] NfO60^
%iL </^;="=
L,a/)/j<$2)"BL#
=P&'L0O#D:$)6V1%
7BPD*+j]7&,O*Cl%
&'$& $%<"@"*C)15
/$"%i"N"%$7L /^
/$7<&"*CL#V;&'"=%
&',F2)$& %<LV16
f"*CV;DL"/$/)/j/,F
%&'O#"=9RBCD#+EFGcImId$
/D"H&"cI3nd$cI3od$cI3Jd$
B#I"9!#A"J)"$cI3Id$ !"#$"%#&'"cI3Id$ A
K"'"(#cIId$LM#NFI#OcIIId$0c44d$
c44d$c44Id$KA'Hc4d$K.
 
n
Dc4d,F1L1%$:5L_V1P
%<$LV16K"*C"*7 /:,
3.2. Nhi#m v$ nghiên cứu
[<"B WV;+1:*R

pa6%"=L <L <
/)/jV;V1%,
p:]66L <
$"=]  <$/%G<12LL <G&
7>G<""$)Y" %&',
paj/'"*<"B"N"%=L <%
&',
./""/ 012#
/PQ(4?a61&*+"$/]"==X
&'L <VL*+7 76;Y
V;X<V'O !,
/P#"R?[<&f)6/"(VV;
&VG"jCL=##"-(().#S/01
YLM"(&"'LM("G&,aY V;=L
%&'$<&>L
L2$"7#P#: !"*+"#,
']:V;<^XTLL*+LL</'
(' /:V;:7#&D=L",
3456012#
!L(D"($/'<$7W /:LWW$
7<9o*+R
85Raj]"=V;V]"'"=,
8TRF"*56L%&'pb><"
]  <=*+*5,
8UR!G<%&',
8VR!)" %&',
Chương 1
789:;<9=>9?9:@AB9CAB9;<9D9?7EA
F'4 "#",2
1.1.1. Về khái ni#m phong cách

##<"*C.7W@=
T>"5V;/,!V;=L
:*O*LE$A7L$a1$q/$[/E$,,,
"@"*C7B' /O$("G&rFL,
F2)>V;,hLEc[V\)
Kdr,FLceLd"%i] LD
*O^:*D"'V;LL
<D"#("G&,
1.1.2. Nghiên cứu về phong cách ngh# thuật ở nư*c ngo+i
aELEse1% "N"%P
#$>0<;=$
6"O'Os,
FL] Rse1'^6;V
7j"BcPN=d,e<LCL`"N
*LML`L]"^<7#<:c>
+LGPd,e>>=s@"".WW,
aYLE"'FL$2)<&^"%
*RX=> / ,FV;"=
D"%L/  Y5j"#$^=
"BT/LY'L</,Y"
X=/ ,FV;"=""'"B
T7&,-V;"@ "BT*5"
*O  "%  0        'L  <    &'  /  V  ;    ,
LE"*X/'LQCLOV;LV16
DL*+7 L <,a/"^$V;
FL67 V;+$V;
 
o
K1]/ DL"/]$V"O
7W%L <?Z1__,

1.1.3. Nghiên cứu phong cách ngh# thuật v+ phong cách ngh# thuật
nh+ văn ở Vi#t Nam
U !$<LL <
"*CO&'/,a*OF#aIoJ$"=&
(**^)6"=<L"' 
&VG,aYIoJ$V;=L <L
<"*C2,-*OV;"=P<+
1:=L>"#"*CG&7>/ ]1Y
"%*3'"-/0,#cStS;-%d$3'"-(4%0,#c[Vh
-pa(S6b.p!&ged$ 567(4%0,# c[#
!&Vud$hV#"^>V;=LY^"
)$LLX<R ##,#"./"*
cSa[#$!&ga-Zd Z[(4##,# c!&g
a-Zd,Q(40,#ce*+[>$!&g\G!paa'
ah6d$\(40,#J'PX:()]c!&g-#p-v
!*e*+d:@J'P",#"*'"a(S6b.$L%
."I"*(48ca(S6b.d$Z[(4",#ca(S6
b.d$/0XL"ce[Vd$B"#^Q*(4-S;$
!X0X## c!&gS#d,,, /P9""*
###^X0 ca)a:Vd,,,-*O;"
V;LV16LW%Y:"'LM,FV
;&/w"BG7:O$^XT&"j
7 #&2"M&>L%DY"#W%,
)6V;L:*#^XTG=
L*+7 P&'*RLX0"*'"cK!ed$"-(
##L()RZ(()*1"P(ce!d$ ##*(4
L()R1(). ch S=d$  S]"*#L  ca(
Sb&=d$##0E(!"L()R1&"ca&'!d$##
L()R" ^(ca)e*+[d,,,S%*CV;=
L <L <$2)8

V;="=&D !$"@^>LG1 L
"@iDL#QRLL#Q)
LO*0%# <=
G1,FX/'=L
 <"@NLD"%R/w"BL1% 
$^Pj"B$^`""V
 *C:,
1.1.4. Quan ni#m của luận án về nội h+m khái ni#m phong cách
X$L`V% ]6
1,Y"X$L$6'$
LMMTLM% P#""
"%Y"^>#6'OV/)NL
#,KX$L`"'QP7
<% LM^XT*"N"%
Y^XT]Y)<"1jBO,
G1=HI#"
1.2.1. Nghiên cứu về tiểu thuyết Ma Văn Kháng từ góc độ đề t+i
52T25252L%"H#;("-(().P'PX"N^#"P$"
F)6"(V&'5O $%<LV16$=
D*O'L<P&VG,F^%/%"'B,#
BCD#+EFG-a'$B,#BCD#+EFG
a(Sb&=$ "P(:^('JD"H"I"!VS$
s (##"."R(_ /D"H&"s  a(Sb&=$ B,#
W/D"H&"W[Va!B$"-(().P'PX"N^#"P$"
#S/01!&g!a $!&ga#B,#
##:##S/01L]P#"*#SX0I#
'PX"I$a(aBa-&=O"-(().P'PX""P$"#S
/01,,,!6/:V;=:
D"==2"=/w"B^="^^L
 <;G<i="5G7G7G

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52T252T2L%"H#;("-(().P'PX"X<
F%&'RcI3oHdcI3JHd
B#I"9!#A"J)"$cI3IdH !"#$"%#&'"cI3IdH AK"
'"(#cIIdHLM#NFI#OcIIId"@5G&^^
7*<1#"OV;LV16,FV;/w
"B>>DG&12: L:
"="D1/;,w"B
^X; "jO"=12LL$"^
^L] !D%#%&''>"5*,
1.2.2. Nghiên cứu tiểu thuyết Ma Văn Kháng ở các
phương diện nghệ thuật
U*OV;&$V;V1%*!&g!
a $!&gaB- $!&gaBh6$Ste*+a:$St-:!,,,"@
0>DL*+7  <
>>:;#x:""$Z12#1'^,
1.2.3. Nghiên cứu Ma Văn Kháng ở góc độ nhân vật
trong tiểu thuyết
S=G<%&'$V;
"=/w"B) G&7>/%G<
`"NV$^12LLV:G<"",U
LMD"#"(V;6&/:s&"
G<s6DLM&$#2XO12>/
LGG<DL*+7 "5/"7 O
"G?@K*G*5O*5ca(S
b&=$[@y&[$Ste*+a:d,FV;D"%
"@G&7>"*C/%G<%&'(V,


 !"#$%&'
!<"B=L$a(F*+8$
^sL6$(TG$")/9
 &*$"<"*+B^7Gp&="@(
:$" T]&'"B" PLMs,
!&gaB- ]" )<
"BRsOL6($,,,7&V7$$6X"8
GYGs,!#:] >6G"#
"O*5$!&g!a 8$"N"%L
<%&'sL >p:*+$Y
:$'$"8s$Sa-&L,#'`"I"#A
:;#[),""sL:,,,"7#
]s,e#y&!T/0E(!"/"*L"*'"P"P
$"#6&DL <s:
]7*+P,,,sHSt-:!<DL
s""0,,,6*O^&VGYiP:s,,,
Chương 2
J9KL9:@M9@7@E9@N@J9:O@7AP7@QD7)
()*+,# ,.)/01-+2).)34#*%5
'.6-
789:!"#$
%&'
2.1.1. Tiền đề hình th+nh
V<SaS$&4zzInl#
*+{t$b+[pa)$0|b+aG&K,}V
[V$e*+[V$SS$-!,a&#Y
/Oj$*D]/'$' 
#;1,F"*5"5$"*5 <)^
O=O>/ B."*O,
2.1.2. Quá trình sáng tạo tiểu thuyết

T252T25235aba'.5acU
 
l
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B.OG7G7G=2LPhaj]$
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2.2.1. Quan ni#m về văn chương
T2T25252/PD&#J#S0#8
] *+s </L"5s$
 <s/Ls;/)L:>`L >&
**D5"#**DVs^"5
^$"5#f$9Vs$s*+:7B >V*"5
s$*+ s,,,/)5&=L$ /:/P,!^
'^>/'6VW$>'L$G<$9@s,!^
/'6GX$/'6BO1% ~"kL
*5,
T2T252T2/P-""-(().

}G"'%&'$&Y/1"((12$
"@^X/'#"*C>2XO1#dh*O'/•\\•$
]G)=%&'"*C% >'L]1:5
L_$%<$1L1%$1:$"=*+:O^
 
m
"*5&V L$]<;=%#
YO$Y>'P6$"@"=
<L"'"=+1:R] =%&') '%
&',,‚/w"B%&'+s*1^6s1D
/:/L"5^P"NQMx$jCL
1]"*CN/"5*GX$'$P
B$"5#&,,,] +$L
]#?,
T2T252U2/P()H+#:#
aY] =*+$"@"B6
&V6# <^%&'^
V,!&V;Rsa)2)'"kLs,!&V
;Rsa<E*5/)1_6s,,!&V;1Rsa)'*
)T$)%$)&V$)`s,SN><"$] =
6# <LM$"*5#
*+V"@^LL(/)_ "B6
L)L':7B$$9V*
)QG$"?(G1:Yj"%Y "#,
2.2.2. Sự vận động trong quan ni#m ngh# thuật về con người
T2T2T2523#":="
aY167 B.p@$] *5.O~"kLP
*D:"@ OM>&=
R*C$&$'6P*D$)'>
1:$7WLƒ"%*+O"5(]X$"5

GLL2$P*D@#,„'G6'
*"*CE% %&',
T2T2T2T2B.#".:'"
U%&''>"5*$*5#"*C'L<
18^6/R*5G$:LM>V$
s%KWs$O:1:^$"(&L7?P
GG,hV#"^$"N*5:1/B$/L
*5D/P#GP<"*7&
<,!<7 ]  <
]%&'$2)/w"B"*5 <
/)5 D167 /L*5D:P
LL2$L;#L,S86"7 =*5P
"/]$V2(G1:GB"P
>*5,aY*5."'*5'>"5*$
"@^6<"<;*7& <,
Chương 3
9@R9=S77AP7@QD7<=T9I@O9:
&IGU2G1=HI#"
3.1.1. Nhân vật chính di#n mang vẻ đẹp bi hùng, lãng mạn
U2525252"-(().:="
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"<:*51V:,S^*5]::$
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P]&=#,F"5*+'"$
&> L">7"<L,!G<1Q7G
%G1:"B%&'.^
V,S^ZG<*5) O**5
QVN<":L^7G$1: "<L7G,
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-P;GPp/~T "#$ LT

1: 16&V*5*P"L:"N
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Pp/~T "#),-
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"%XT*811'LM,S^X
*D"kL$&*D$#)"+1/BG
8`,a/%G<P;p/~T"5&$^
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3
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V>$1: "kL,- LTcKA'H$
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3.1.2. Nhân vật ph$ nữ trong tiểu thuyết Ma Văn Kháng
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S*:/"(&P1:&%&'
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"%6RbEF:$bE[&$bEb&cBCD#+EFG/D"H&"d
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^6G]*$] "6@$"5
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7W$PL<,,,FG7*5LW167GB]"^$
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<s9"Gs,SG&/%G<L7? %
&'$"1V#G<P;z]G.z
/~T "#$p*";"%j1<+GP
;,}$OLM"N1 LW$>
>6&V$L<G&V$1:k$C$
(…1*O$M;GX,,,6&D
/>$:7B$"*C&V16#L2
""(&$"*C&V*+~&V*+,hV#"^$K
% t^*5LW]=P>7W7?
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3.1.3. Nhân vật tha hóa, nghịch dị, mạo danh, tội
phạm thủ ác, dưới đáy
V:G<D'"<L$18:;LVL$G1'$
*O$#7>G7L:7 "%6R
j&@2L/'$1)W&LB$
/~#7$L#$/~7*O"&,aj&@2
L/' /%G<L:7 ""%&'.
FG7G<j&"*C#
7>LL2$"7#$P$L:G>1:
LB*57G%LPh,!G<*):p/~
#7"=:$"<LOG<P7 /L
%&'.,0($
T**D5"#B./6<*5Y(
OLG,V"P7"21:"*C$
7K:#(^7$@'$7$7&XP$LGP
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~pL#/%G<"N1 %&'h^
"Vh'15p%&'^$6>LGP,
O/x<LGPGX "#R/:/]/X
;$9;$#=;$);$+$M;GX$7Z

"#G,,,$"@"G6Z&VG$
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2*5$:O*5*O6#^"#";7?"'
6#&#"5,
&9",2VUW"U2
3.2.1. Qua cái nhìn tư*ng mạo
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%&'$"@%  <V:G<
""$PG1:(> /G$
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!(*
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#6"%% PG$"@#7>
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6G<&$s&*OEGs$"@#V
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}G"'`"N*$?D/%G<X*D$
"@]#6PG]G.*5)O
`V/)%Z?O7G/,S^>*5$
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}$V:#6P;p/~T "#$/)
*O~"kL*5G%V=1;##
O~"kL@]X1<2"<*O#7G
,SOG< LT$"#7 )X$$

/L#$#2X"'/P"N1 ,
P"^>/'CLZ%*5$#f7&V
() ^~"kL6;"(&P$^;L7?V1M,
U2T252T2IC'#QX'XDX".(N^
aY^6'VL*+7 O$2)<&
*O#*5LW%&'^`"N
V,!~"kL"N**5LW)"*C]D
~"kLL9>$P$]&'K,tLW$
"=6&V(9,L:
G);/("*C&V*+$G,Y
]*O#$2X"'"N"%OP$"@
j1<~"kL*5LWO:>:2
^,!G7LW&"1V#G7
QX*D$P;) ^XT*NL"):$)
~"kL('*5,
U2T252U2I"-(^(S#
a*O#B7B$1*5$/&''"N
"%G<$%G$1*+%&'
,S%B7B$1*5V*+N"*C]G
="),!/~1*+$$%G$"#";:,,,
/)%6]"),a%&'$'")
"*C]G"%T*O#G<$CV
*C=G<&Y7Z"(V,-*OOV:
'#6$YG7*a&V$a2$a*$+
$"@X&*O# 2"%1<VP)
"#";$7@$"$1#D/%G<,
3.2.2. Qua yếu t tính d$c
„'P7WL*+  <$
]&'"%"O:@G<%&',a
%&'$"%% 1:PG<$G&

7>] 67WL;#L$"$*C]:"#
";,,,!] 67W&Y^PG$Y^P
@,UY] $/P'#^L"%/,
a%&'.$] 67W"*C'Y/P
L,a%&''>"5*$/P'1:*5]
6"#";,\&]] "^$G<1
1:P6i`,FKY]
67W"^$% ^6"7 =*5$P
:*5DL*+7 1:>/=_"#";,
3.2.3. Qua yếu t tự truy#n
}]$2)<&"N"% <V"*C1% 
DL*+7 W%"G&RXR"* cd
G%&']'OG<H"XR.7W: 
G== L$"5"%G&7>G<$DXR&&VM
xG$"^B$MMx"%G&7>G<%
 
4
&',t%&'$Q&E7L:>"Z_'/'
G<$&'>& Vf^;"/,!*>
#$"^"N"%&V%&'
,"@% >6Z/L*5D
=/P/)$6<Y=^"$^:&'.$:;
@#$/'CL6 >0LO/x<7ZX;,
OG<^&'><$/)Z"+:*>
&L:0$<;#*5 >$+>D
=G1:%*5K6O"(&PG,
a'OG<%&'")":=*C$
LL2$L;#L$"7#=L($;jOP$L7?
=P=GG,a'OG<%&'
L:"G7*5@]

Y"#B.,a'OG<&K&
^>7>*5:(61]@G,
Chương 4
9:X99:Y=E:AZ9:A[
.9"\"]G1=HI#"
4.1.1. Ngôn ngữ người kể chuy#n
V2525252f4''"-
a%&'.$"B] O
G<$2)8$%&'&$";V<L
*5L7G"%V:>/ B.VBP*5/%& 
)"9OG<P7 ,aY
$(<;#"5X;"#*+
"@/'^><"7B&%"%6
(<$*5/%& /_G<$"#OX;
G<=Q*5B$X;"(&"=/%"@2L
^"%6(<PCLt%&',
V25252T23!%:=""X(#J8
."N1 "^% Y7g"#"<
7G=2+,S%#V/) >
*5+1V:$"@.7W'^*7&$7g
"#*57G%,a"^$'^*5)"*C
"*%&'.*7WX <,b.7WOLY
>^*57G%$)*5/%& 
%&'.$6'$^~"kLV$"<7G
=2$"=//'="=&$*"#O,
V25252U2B.!%.:'"'4#J"*#'"
aY$><"]  <$:;
"="@""')*5/%& %&'
,!).#7(*5t>)
'>"5*,"@.7W^/M$1 p

'^$"*OLY>)W%&'*:#@#S
D$c,A/d,hV#^/M$Z.7W
1 p'^/V:"5B7G,S^OL
Y>"N1 $0 :"B$=
(OL*5"B,aP"T"N*]
)*+,†;G"="^Vt%
&'):>#=)YDL*+7 &%
T,a"^$M7W)>"%7g:7
LL2$L;#L6*C <LM
4.1.2. Ngôn ngữ nhân vật 
V252T252L!%'@""
^1 7>.X)"#,
!)"#%&'OXT*5L:
;#5^*O2L67"*C"(&"=G<$")2
/)("/ƒ'=#6&BG$L(@
$?^%$])Y"#$P"*C)('
"%:%G<X"9:,})"#$G< V
 

"+1/v5V:#6,aY#$]
)G<$&:(^$X;$);$
)"8%)$G*&*D")/16
*5$0]#6$.0$"/)%&',
V252T2T2L!%'#"
OX;s2/:%&'s$Y$
"@&%Y5"#G<*5/%
7ZG*=VX;$&Z/x<s7ZX
;s,V:G#18"%6*O]"#G"%
LGP2:G<$/LGG<
1*O' <G&7>G<%&'

,S#G"@#V~"kL&*DG
<%&',S#GO/x<7ZX;
%&'D"#&D$X;
#))t>)V"*5" <,
.:",
4.2.1. Giọng h+o sảng trữ tình
A" :6&"@L1%&'
YBCD#+EFG"'K.D$Dt$
1<% /$*>#$^% 
G91^GNO*5$O"5Dt"#"5
':+1V:&:"-!D"#&,A
" :6'1^O"*O*5%
&'>>)QPCL
%&'),aY"#&$" /^XT
*1j$$iVP,
4.2.2. Giọng ho+i nghi, trầm tư, khắc khoải
O(<;"#P186=
=$"@% " %&'
)$1"(Y=;""<"N+,A
% GX?W*5*O>#$"^>
"j…=P5$>/:GX*5
^Z P"="@"*Cƒ"2
]@57,a&t""O//:
GX;G=B"5$=><,
4.2.3. Giọng triết lý nhẹ nh+ng m+ sâu sắc thấm thía
F"=$"='P%&'LL2$"7#
G,!7'X1]O="=$
% (**D$"O"5,U%
&'.$7*OOV:*5>/ B.
O$"='P6'*5*OO7P

PB*7G$B.$#^XT*LGP$:L?
/ *"*C7g"#18" 16T$:7B$G$
P,aY$"=PPB$@
O? *#D^6/$% *
*D'P/$6'$/)Z" 'PP
C$)$1"(^*O$")2(*g#,
!*V"@^$;2"6'XG] *C
"5W%$G(/]1"E
"'*+~"kL('$P"=&$K*C
#$1''"5)&,
4.2.4. Giọng giễu nhại hóm hỉnh pha chút suồng sã
Ag#"*C.7W"%)/
#>"=$&V1:$;"5$^"#";:,,,
$>?"1#@,S*Cg#%
&'LL2R@"#$P;$167G$$,,,!
7g#*OOD%&'1"(
^<"5#*5*$^$
67W,,,*5"*CE"<&D6;/$1_OL_"#
";$ZG<""^*N##$"@"O>
/L1:<>"*C,S%Y"^"O
*5@,2)2X"'g#^<G7
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]1="G/L71V"
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c17d"*CE"<&1D^<$"%7g:>w
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^<,WVg#$+>":$^^XT
*5*C]$L/`=<;G$ 
P6,
ID7S9
,e<"*C.7W@
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&$<&?"=G&@,F)6/=
LLEFL"@V;'L<
L$YB.6"'<V;=<
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;(6B.6<$V+D"^$% 
'L</':V6$6/ =L
L <,!V;"^"*CO ^
:*DG"'V;LV16D !,
"=V;LL <D*O
"'&"@^=>"*C;7WLV16
 <,!V;LD !&'P;7W
/'YV;P<&'D*O,
,V1%
 ! "#$(*+j"5$+*+"
# </)Y0$"')&$?)
 *C"*C7*<1#"]G$ *C
2X/'LV16"G&=@,\GY$
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V2$(Q#$7G<L$^X;"jO
=*7&6; <,[>%&'p%#>>…
O"%1$G&'P#6$
"@L<:.),F"*56
L%&'"*5
#,h*ON^XT]"5> L

>&%"j/))*5
Y=2=B,h*ON&"@DQMx$
""'*7& <$"*)YBP
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@D=L*+7 /,bO6
# <$"@66 ]
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]=**D*]Y5/v"*C1jV
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/L*5D=167 /$Y"^$% ] 
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n,a**D <O] =*5*+"@
L%&'$*O6)/L
*5$#7>'OG<"7#$LL2$L7?,a
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<)"*C"N:1/B"%% 
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<P;p/~T "#$G< LT,!*5LWD:Q
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%&',}%&'$)1&_6
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:G<]*O#$]&'P7W$]&'><$G<
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Y^> "5*5$Y% >^=Y
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