Nghiên cứu xây dựng bản đồ hiện trạng và bản đồ đơn vị đất đai phục vụ cho đánh giá đất sản xuất nông nghiệp tại xã bình thuận – huyện đại từ tỉnh thái nguyên

DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG BIỂU

!"#$%&'()) *)+
+!,-../01)+++
!23(456/7&)+8.9+:
;!<=>00?/@$&A&5B&&8
.9
C,-%DE$&A&F
F,-%DE$&A&B.:
:,-%DE$&A&0G=
 ,-%DE$&AG5H;)
),-%DE$&A%&1H;
,-%DE$&AI'(.6/7&;
!,-&JD/D=&5B&&;
+!<=I'(.6/7&8.9;;

DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH
2.!<=$1HD3'&==&?'(6/7&
2.!<3KE0(D-&&L'MNO;
2.+!<=$1H0?/@$&A&5B&&F
2.PQ/QI/QID)
2.!RB3D8.9S?T(U*>=V?;
2.!V0?3ADE8.9&'(
))*)++
2.+W&A56/7&)++
2.$&A3())8.9)
2.;$&A3()8.9
2.C!X3.YZ[3'0?/@$&A&5B&&
2.F!X3.A\$&A+
2.:&A&5DI'(&8.9F
2. &A&5D&B.8.9:

2.)&A&0G=8.9
2.&AG5H8.9;)
2.&A%&1H8.9;
2.+$&AI'(.6/7&8.9;
2.$&A&5B&&8.9;+

DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT
  
   !"#$%&'
(  )*&'&+
,  &*+/0
.  "#$%&'
.  12
  312
.4  5'12
.6  1278!
.9  12'
4  312 
6  312:;

MỤC LỤC
MỤC LỤC iv
Phần 1 MỞ ĐẦU 1
T]R^VT_
P`<Ta<2Sbcd<ed
P7&DE&f
bGE&f
PHẦN 2 TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU 4
,..g&==&3%H
[@G%&==&

&A3(6/7&;
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P=I&%&==&EMNO
<=?h5$3'&==&L'MNO
+<=$1H&==&L'MNO
Ci&WE15=&==&L'MNO;
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;k=f$&A&5B&&C
;X?3.0?/@$&A&5B&&F
;+lmE0?/@$&A&5B&&:
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Cr0D/QI
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F<A%$&A)
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:PGfYZ[&1-g/7oRV?)
PHẦN 3 ĐỐI TƯỢNG - NỘI DUNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 22
+T1-(g
+V/gE&f
+9/QIf&f@4%8Etg
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+I9$&A3(6/7&)35o&f3>In
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&5B&&E8.9$wYZ[+
++r2ixVYr2yrVY2ZcV<zd+

++r15=&f35$+
++r15=0?/@=$&A&5D$wYZ[
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++r15=6InI
PHẦN 4 KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ THẢO LUẬN 25
Tf@4%*8;
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Tf%*8
TyV2YZy2Z|V}~VY[•"`VYT^V€VYVY2Z|r+C
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+Tf39I9$&A3(6/7&)
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+;P=†Pd=†d15g;
P=&5B$&A&&;
V9\fD-E=†Pd&H=†d;;
V9\fYZ[3'0?/@$&A&5B&&;C
PHẦN 5 KẾT LUẬN VÀ ĐỀ NGHỊ 58
k%I9;:
TfB;:
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 60


Phần 1
MỞ ĐẦU
1.1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
)'/<=8=>2?+7@A+<7B"CD
E/F<G/HI&J&* 
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"IL'&N8DJ+FK7 &="IL'O/P<
QR1!>FC"#$%&'/2A+K/2
S7J8HTP8U"SQ
V"WA+&*X+"+Y$P"C&'&+
&7ZF"FI<H"/2'/2QRB&M
&+D+S?S<<+X8S2/0&J8I&'&+Q
+FC"#$%&'&+2/0CLPF$<=H" C"I
L'7+H"I[<'/2&I<8I<7B"S&*
S7J8HT&+/'&H<+1\Q'<%
1/]+&^</ ?IDKC]+&^</ ?ILM=<
7BQ
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"$%&'2/07"_"SS7J8HT/<=Z
X0:+D+@;+Q)J8`*ZT
$%D+@<Z7KZa
&Gb'8SA+S&SS&'%%K/2S7J8H
T_c+<Q
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P<>\KSD+@CS &=;?I/0
7<@/:QcS$%
&*+/0e, f&M7_\KFK7SD+
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\KS/:?I/0SFC7&XX
?I/0&'&+C<7B/T/:&\Q

4
.+&BA+&*+/0/<=8ZKK"/Z
7&B&+7+S0_CDK?I&*+/0SK>
^?+&J<A+&*+/0@="QF+FC, &M
&2$%_7'H/:DS+/>8I&gCP1$T
/D+C&SSF&'CLPF$?F &*
QQQ
Bình Thuận/<=LM=F) ]CESFQhMU<_
DT+A+FKSZ*7') ]Q)'&+&
>/2S7JDKA+LMCFiGH'&H
7"#$%SF&HDXQ
c$%, /:&SSH<Y&'&+
/<"_"#$%&'<=S?I/P8HCLPF$<=
&++&+/\8K7S7J
_Z+X_LMBình ThuậnX7Q
h'S];&XC&2"Z$iA+ThS: Trần Thị Mai AnhC
^<K&H“Nghiên cứu xây dựng bản đồ hiện trạng và
bản đồ đơn vị đất đai phục vụ cho đánh giá đất sản xuất nông nghiệp tại
xã Bình Thuận – huyện Đại Từ - tỉnh Thái Nguyên”.
1.2. MỤC ĐÍCH – YÊU CẦU
1.2.1. Mục đích của đề tài
jhPF$8I&g7 Y<6k4l LMm!>jF) 
]jESFQ
jC>S"/H&N&J<1'&'&+A+LM
m!>CLS&*SEP'8I&g&*&'&+%%
<%&SS&'+SA+LMQ
j3+SDIY$%A+, &JLPF$8I&g&*&'
&+A+LMm!>CF) ]Q
1.2.2. Yêu cầu của đề tài
j)H7+C&SS&HDH&'&+C&N&J<DKjLM

=A+nCSTH<Yg 7"#$%
&'"IL'A+LMQ
6
jhS&*ZS7J7"#$%&'A+LMm!>CF
) ]?+F\"#$%&'A+S/ !"#$%&'Q
j7"_DK?I&SSS/ !"#$%&'C&HL'&2S
/ !"#$%&'12%%"IL'F)g
oQ
9
PHẦN 2
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU
2.1. Tổng quan tình hình nghiên cứu và đánh giá đất trên thế giới
2.1.1. Sự cần thiết phải đánh giá đất
)'&+&X+7G?FK&*"g S7JA+LM=
/BCX/"_/H&H<@?S7!"IL'Q^
@FK"S@I?+e+$"+^p/Ff&'&+&2/
><+eR+77^7fA+"Sep"F"^<"fQ)SS&'&+^?+
&J<"SL'S]?+&J<S7J8HTQ
8HT/<="IL'X@/@C&+$ P
8UH"S<=SC7&XSFKS&=<=S
qng S7JC&^</ ?IDK+C<7B
7/C"I[<+&2*7B'>rstQ
+FC7KZXDI9C9o+&'C7&X&M
D+S&24Cuo+CG/ &+\/&'L'C"IL'N
HDXDYrvtQ(NDSCY<XDIwjv7+&'
8*/ 8b$LX<GSSQ)JI?FK&2\H
/D]+YBIKP<+Y
%CYY"'PF7g<_7=$1&'r44tQm
 &XCYN&2T"FSHF&'&+PF7+$
"KJ8KA+BZZ"#$%?I/0&'<=

SX?I7/+!SH&SS&'/7'
?+7@\KQ
+FCS&SS&'&+&27H?+
7_<=DP7@FK7 &=?I/0F&'&+
?F "#$%&'eC4sslfQ)SS&'&+/<==$
DJK&2ZS7J<=H8H
TX?I!&'&+//8I'xB"#$%
&'XTJ8KD+@HH<Y"IL'A+&'&+CTDX
l
DY K7"#$%&'&gB`<&2T"#
$%&'12<!r9tQ
^V^VQyQH8I!&SS&'DX!L+/ C
!]L+L+B$P&M8K?FK&*&27g/ PF!
/'&Z<I&'<@XQN7?S7!!<&*C
@&M8K&2Tn&'&+X12ZTPF@&*7g
+F<n+%/12ZPF7gA+@Q)JX&2TDK
&XCB$P&M7I?+1/zTD<7FH/ 
]H&B'TD<a&27x7+]D1
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c&SS&'&+7?+&J<"SS7J/P8H\
&2J"+{(= &'&2LS&*H<N&*+/0/<=$1
8H<NA+7S&'ZT=1&&*N+F&X
1'D|XJ$&S&2A+"?FJ87C87
8$ZXDD1C&'C&HD&*+'CoYC>C&=
>7xCT &=+F7Z&PFA+BC_]
<<T=1FXI_Z"#$% &'&XA+
 B  _       7   /+}eR7"+   .^~+7  j4sw•€
m7D<+.<Fj4sv9fr49tQ
2.2. Bản đồ hiện trạng sử dụng đất
Bản đồ hiện trạng sử dụng đấte8I&g.V)f//IS

K"#$%&'_B&J<DJ<D?z&'A+S&*1
'LMCFCEe@`/&*1S'fCSnDK
?I&2/>7"_8I&gH'7IZQr6tQ
2.3. Một số phương pháp đánh giá đất trên thế giới
7KZCS&SS1&'&+/<=7T<I
&2?+P<H'7/:D+@&'C'/_SZ
KQRSS&SS1&M$\S7J
/:/<+1eODKOLM=f
U<DK2SDKD+@HF&'"#$%&'Q9
S&SS1&'&+1B&2"#$%/
u

!"#$%&$'
!"#(')*+,"-
+FCTDK?IH&SS&'&+&M&2
B+DK7 < &=A+S2?
&X"I7A+P/ QRXJDS?S<="
S&SS&'&+7KZ"+
 Phương pháp đánh giá đất ở Liên Xô (cũ).
•S&SS&2!]&\TY<ukC"+&X&M
&2S7JY<4s•wU<K&SS
D'/2F&'&+&J%%<%&1LPF$
K/2?I/0"#$%&'S&*1"IL'7
/M8+hKQ•S&SS&'_ha&2
$%^+Z/&SS&'7e^"'PF7g
/aPF@&>fQ)*&SS&'/SAC/ &'QF
&*&SS&'PFXZC&'&2xC&'7gPF/PY<C
&'7gbP<+&gbYIQRE&SS&'/Y
"'CS"I[<e7x‚+fC<C&*+'"+e\X/M
\0fr9tQF`&SS<&="#$%&'12/P

+DIY"#$%&'&+7/M^SX<S/Z
12Q
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 Đánh giá đất đai ở Ấn Độ.
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 Nhận sét về đánh giá đất đai trên thế giới.
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* (qS&SS&HXT1/+7
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 Tổ chức Nông Lương của Liên hZp quốc (FAO) Y<4svw
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2.4. Đánh giá đất theo FAO
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2.4.1. Một số khái niệm liên quan đến đánh giá đất của FAO
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A+&'8+g<D1>CƒC/Z&*+'8$ZCoYCZ
&=C>CTS&=A+B_ ?SDQ
j !"#$%&'&+e+$"^F^jf/87+<I
7 "#$%&'A+<=n&'ZT?I/0"I
L'7S&HDDKjLM=Dz>&2LS&*Q
j"#$%&'e+$"^.F"^<j.f/"DK2T+&
*&'&+S/ !"#$%&'C<q"#$%&'&2/
<=2\A++SeC4s•9fQ
(%&1A+&SS&'&+^/&SS&'U<Y
B>"J8KHS&SS7DD
?F "#$%&'7?+&J<$F7!gF&'D8*
SS"#$%&'/P8HQ
44
2.4.2. Các nguyên tắc cơ bản trong đánh giá đất theo FAO
)JK&SS&'^?+&J<128HTC

&+7+SF`1"+
jRS/ !"#$%&'&2/+@In2Z<%
S7JCI&N&J<CDKCLM=A+nQ
jRS/ !"#$%&'\&2<ILS&*HS=1
Dz>CDKLM=Q
j)SS<&=12A+&'&+&2&SSP 
S/ !"#$%&'%JQ
j)SS&'&+\X"""ST+++FH(Q
j3IY12A+&'&+\&N7"_"#$%&'8H
TCSP"S7"#$%&'I&2P`&J?FK
&*Q
j)SSDIY12&'&+8+g<I"""SHY
"'&2&\1\KA+/ !"#$%&'Q
j)SS&'&+&Gb<=S2&+Q
2.4.3. Các bước đánh giá đất theo FAO
7/“đánh giá đất đai vì sự nghiệp phát triển”. 
e4s•wf&M&H7+S8Z&SS&P%%?F "#$%
&'"+
e4f
hS
&*
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e6f
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/
e9f
hS&*
/ !

"#$%
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ewf
hS
&*
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3h
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Hình2.1: Các bước chính trong đánh giá đất và quy hoạch sử dụng đất
46
RI?F7!&SS&'&+?F "#$%&'g<s8ZC
7&X8Zv/8ZFJKT+&SS&'&+?F "#
$%&'QRn/S$%&SS&'&J7JD+
"IL'nQ
2.4.4. Các phương pháp đánh giá đất theo FAO
RX6S&SS&'^
j•S+8Zg<X&SS&'e8Z'f
K^/P1DKjLM=e8Z+fQ•SF 
&=^S7!7Œ7C!>FXJ/&=B+7
F&=SX<S8=&SSH&HD&HDDK
LM=Q
j•S""S8Z&SS&'K&g
BZSP1DKjLM=QŽ&J</X<S8=&+
n/<g<ISD+@DKjLM=Q•
SFX&J</S7X<&SSeDJI
DKjLM=fXJ7+&n+$;$&+7+TDK/>
X1'71+Q

K"DS+T+6S/D7Œ7CDS
$%\/+@S12nF=&HD%JQ
2.4.5. Đánh giá khả năng thích hZp
^DIY12&'&+/Z&IS<&=1
2KA+<=&*&'&+&ZF\A+<=/ !"#
$%&'&2LS&*Q3IYFXJL^<LW_&HD 
N7/+"+DS$%TI &Z&'&+r•tQ
R'7xP/ DIY12&'&+^g<l'
"+
 Cấp thích hZp (Land Suitability Order):IS/ 12C
XE7+&'&+/12+FD12Z/ !"#$%&'
&2L^<LWQ7&XD0.12D12Q
 Hạng thích hZp (Land Suitability Class): ISS<&=
12&ZSC &2D08UT"Z9<"+
[5&A!<=$1HD3'&==&?'(6/7
&
Xác
định
mục
tiêu
Thu
thậ
p

I
Đánh
giá
khả
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thích

hợp
Xác
định
hiện
trạng
k*j2*
P
Xác
định
LUT
thích
hợp
Quy
hoạc
h sử
dụng
đất
áp
dụng
của
việc
đánh
giá
&
Xác
định
các
LUT
Xác
định

đơn
vị
đất
đai
1
2
3
4
5 6 7
8 9
49
jU4e5'12f'FS&*&'&+DJT
FK KNEJ_<&=•C$;D`%D/<I
_&KY"'C/2>&2_/ !"#$%&'&SSQ
jU6e1278!fES&*&'&+XT K_
<&=78!&Z/ !"#$%&'&SSQT KF
"d/<I<""IL'+F/2>&2NIY<&\
&J& &2</2>\KD"#$%Q
j.9e12'f&N1&*&'&+L'HN<=
"FK K<7@DXD`%&ZS/ !"#$%
&'&2LS&*C/2>&2DW<&Gb1&\+QF
+&K<I/ 8bS/ !"#$%&'&XQ
• A+'D12&2+7+/<+/ 
j4e312 f&N1A+&*&'&+D1
2Z !XSFK K<7@QFS
FK K&XXJ&2D`%8U8S&\7'/Z+F
SISHD+@Dz>S$%7/+&JXJI
 &2&'&+U<P 12/Q
j6e312:;f&N&J<A+&'XTFK 
K7'<7@DJD`%&28U8'8SDz

>NDK7 a7/+Q
 Hạng phụ (Sub-Class): %12ISSFK&+
 K&KDIY"#$%&'A+nQRSFK K_
 %AFK/S&HD&'&+D1>e/%C 
S„fC&HD&'&+e&*+!C&=$„fC1'&'e<NC&2
Z„fQ %12B&D‘<SD0A+FK K
&ZDJ"#$%&'&Xe1$%.6

C.6

QQQfQT ='
D12XJ&2+7+S %|=/  
K’ 4

C4
^
QQQ
 Đơn vị thích hZp (Unit): &*&'&2P7+^SFK 
K_ %7"IL'&\"IL'QRSFK KH?I
/0DK%=S=‚7 Q)J>8KS&*1
4l
2&'&+C?I/0KXJ&2&H7+%J7&g7=
]=r9tQ
R'7xA+P 12&'&+^&2J_!6Q6
Hình2.2: Cấu trúc của phân hạng thích hợp đất đai theo FAO
2.4.6. Ưu điểm của phương pháp đánh giá đất theo FAO
j•S&SS&'^/"DK2T++
7BS&SS&'A+heafA+(zQ•S&SS
&'^D`%&2T2&J<A?+7&SS&'
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SF\A+]/ "#$%7&SS12Q

j RS(I&2LS&*<=S&I$+7TDK
?I&H7+;Q
j RS(I&2J7Œ78I&gQ
Bước 2:hPF$8I&g&1
mI&g&1/8I&GJ&N1C1'77d^S
<DS+A+&'&+Q.+D/+@LS&*SELPF$
8I&g&*&'&+IDK2Z>C&H7+DI"S&*+
&JLPF$S8I&g&1Q7&*+/0e, f!
S8I&g&1&2J$Z$ 8I&g"Cx&2LPF$
Z"DK2A+<="\<H<, (7"+C(+“QQQ
Bước 3:hPF$8I&g&*&'&+
cLPF$8I&g&*&'&+&2K8US
gLKS8I&g&1&J 7+S&*&'&+Q•S
gLK8I&g&27\<H<, Q
Bước 4: (I8I&g&*&'&+
c<I8I&g&*&'&+U<J&2T=1
8I7<q&*&'&+C?+&XX"dxB"#$%>
8K&2"+DSKH<N'/2T+S&*8I&g&'
&+7nQ
2.5.3. Ý nghĩa của việc xây dựng bản đồ đơn vị đất đai
mI&g&*&'&+/"2S&HD"S&HD
A+<qnQRS&N11'7P'LPF$
8I&g&*&'&+/"J7ŒWHS&HDA+D
&N&J<&'&+CD1>CAFYC&*+!C/ZA
ƒQQQRS&N&J<FX0:+&N8?+7@&JLS
&*S/2K KH<NA+nC]&X&+7+
ZS7Jn2ZK"IL'Q
cLPF$P+S&*8I&g&'&+1/<
7+T"DS+H<N'/2A+SD+&'^&N1
4•

1'&'&+QR'/2F&KDIY&SF\&'
&+A+SDIY"#$%A+xQR18_>F\I/+
@&2SFKX/?+<>KZF\"#$%A+Q
2.6. Hệ thống thông tin địa lý và cơ sở ứng dụng cho việc xây dựng bản
đồ đơn vị đất đai
2.6.1. giới thiệu về hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS)
>T, &2"#$%7'BLF7HF
C/:DS+&*+/0C@CS12
$%7?I/0FC<7BCD+@L#/0$T/D
+„
:, &N78_"&+$ 7$%Q3S<,
&2S7J7HA+H/:DS+D+@<SF1C
D+@7S&'CSD+@$%e1C&'&+C<7B„f
.&+$ A+S/:$%CSSDS<
DS+&2S$%7, $i&KX7'HDS<DS+
H, 
XY+#+I>ZY+*!"(O*(Y+*N[
Z8O!8$Y"#?-\
K8&%!M/@]O!8('>ZY+*!"(O*
(Y+*+FZ8O!8$
K8&^(#(%S_D#+O!8$
%.\
]S&*:+7Cx+X<=&*:+?SH,
"+RK8&I.>ZY+*!"(O*(
Y+N[*+FZ8O!8!'%(('N.
`(#+%()(% 0rwtQ
2.6.2. Phân tích d_ liệu GIS
(=7TY8>A+, /P1D+DK
2P1=1&J72x?S7!7+?FK&*Q•P1$T
/&J!<7+SISU<I?FK^F\S'&HA+K

ZQV1' A+S'&HCSWP1D
+XJ8K&]S &=/>/0N"@&I&KS
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