ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM HUẾ
KHOA HÓA HỌC
!
"#$%&"'("$%
Niên khóa: 2014 - 2016
)*+,-).+/01+,23+
44$56$7
89-).+:/;9/)<+
$5=>
?@5
AB"
CẤU TRÚC TIỂU LUẬN
1
2
3
1
2
Lí do chọn đề tài
Mục đích nghiên cứu
Phương pháp nghiên
cứu
Dung dịch hỗn hợp nhiều đơn
axit yếu
Dung dịch hỗn hợp nhiều đơn
bazơ yếu
!"#$%&'
()*!!+#,-./ 00
1$!!+,234$*$2$45
6789:523+;<*0$2$4=
>$/#5?)$0<@$!!+A
B2CD/E.#<).##
'(?)$0<@$!!+
2041$!!+#<@/F
<@$* 2#23'($/##!!+GH
0/ 0/ '
(AI-/##J /+/“Một số vấn
đề khi tính toán trong dung dịch hỗn hợp nhiều đơn axit yếu –
nhiều đơn bazơ yếu”.
CD
4 !"#$%
⇝ E9FGE:HI+/J*KHL:HM+,/<
⇝ /N+/O/P+2G+,2Q9/R
Hay
K K L L
K L L
8M 5N 5: O8M 5N 5: O'''O8M 5N 5: O8 6
K
L
P 9
K K
P 9
L L
P 9
P 9
L
8M 8 PM : QKR
8M 8 PM : QLR
'''
8M 8 PM : QR
8 6 8 P68 SQPKR
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
S T +
S T S
S T +
L L L
L L L
L L L
U
/V V V V444V WX
/ /Y /Y /Y
)
)
)
+
L
L
)WS
L
U
/V V WX
/ /Y
BZ!S
BZ![
BZ!T
S S T T + +
L L L L L L
4 4 \444\ 4 \U?
S S T T + +
L L L L L L
4 4 444 4 U
S S T T + +
L L L L L L
4 4 444 4 U?
TQK'KR
S
S
S
L
L
L
/ V
/Y
QK'LR
)
)
)
+
L
L
)WS
L
/V WX
/Y
QK'JR
)
)
)
+
L
L
)WS
L
U
/V V WX
/ /Y
BZ!S
UQKR15V
WF)
QXLYR
(!%$<@.,Z[/\/]*
$8
P
-<@)@[/\<@*$
8
P
-<@QKR
(#
S S T T + +
L L L L L L
4 4 \444\ 4 \U?
K
P 9
K K
8M 8 PM : ƒ
9 P
K K
8M 5 M 5 8
9
8M 5 M
i i
TQK'KR
S
S
S
L
L
L
/ V
/Y
Giải PT ]^99LM_:/`MO/0a+,O/EO:)bO:GKb+
`c:M+d
)*) :/`MO/0a+,O/EO,P+ef+,g).+:h9
BZ!T
^
E9/S
E9/T
_8M ` X N QK'L'LR
: P
K L
K L
: '_8M ` : '_8M `P'''P: '_8M `QK'L'KR
S S T T + +
L L L L L L
4 4 444 4 U?
QK'LR
)
)
)
+
L
L
)WS
L
/V WX
/Y
Ví dụ
a'K_K`Z () 8 * ! !+ N8
J
N668 T5TKb
#XKT
9c5de
N8
J
N8
L
N668T5Tfb#XKT
9c5gL
-
40<@'
Ta có:
→ Áp dụng công thức QK'LR #
c5de
J J K
c5gL
J L J L L
Kc
L
N8 N668 8 N8 N66 : KT QKR
N8 N8 N668 8 N8 N8 N66 : XKT QLR
8 6 8 P68 SXKT QJR
D
D
D
K
:
L
:
K K L L
9e5de 9e5KL
N ': QKT R N ': QKT R S ?
K L
K L
K L
: :
9N 9N XTQR
P: P:
E9/SR)*)O/0a+,:HI+/]^9[
(00+ $/,H
U(/,H
a /hVCQR#,1Z
K L K L K K L L K L K L
J L
Q: : R Q: : : N : N R : : QN N R T
K L K L
: 5: 5N 5N
J5TL
XKT
8XJ5TL
J f L e KK
J5LfK'KT L5cic'KT J5icf'KT T
Cách 2: )*) :/`MO/0a+,O/EO,P+ef+,g).+:h9
Nj
($QR/,H
($QRQ!R/,H
K L
J L f
: '_N8 N668` : '_N 8 N668` QR
K
K
J
_N8 N668` X N QR O
: P
L
L
L f
_N 8 N668` X N Q!R
: P
J
J N8 N668
_N8 N668`XN XT5TKb
L f
L f N 8 N668
_N 8 N668`XN XT5Tfb
c5de c5gL J5TL
K
KT 'T5TK KT 'T5Tf XKT
(#
^j
$QR/,H
c5de J c5gL L J5TL
L
KT 'i5gL'KT KT 'c5iL'KT KTh
9J5TL 9J5TL
L K
9J5TL
K
KT 9KT
9
KTTkX KTTkXTk
KT
J5TL
XKT
J5TLpH
J5TL
J
J
c5de J5TL
KT
_N8 N668` X T5TK i5gL'KT
KT PKT
J5TL
L
L f
c5gL J5TL
KT
_N 8 N668` X T5Tf c5iL'KT
KT PKT
Ví dụ
Ta có:
a'L_L`Z () 8 ] < @ $
l8MKT
9J
b5$$8Mc'KT
9L
bQ:
X
c5gdR$$$8a6L'KT
9L
b'
a'L_L`Z () 8 ] < @ $
l8MKT
9J
b5$$8Mc'KT
9L
bQ:
X
c5gdR$$$8a6L'KT
9L
b'
c5de
J J K
c5gd
J L J L L
g5e
J
L
N8 N668 8 N8 N66 : KT QKR
N8 N8 N668 8 N8 N8 N66 : XKT QLR
8a6 8 a6 : KT QJR
8 6 8 P68
D
D
D
D
Kc
SXKT QcR
K K L L J J
9d5de 9e5Ld
N ': QKT R N ': QKT R N ': S ? ?
K L
K L
K L
: :
9N 9N XTQR
P: P:
Cách 2: )*) :/`MO/0a+,O/EO,P+ef+,g).+:h9
Nj
($QR/,H
($QRQ!R/,H
E9/SR)*)O/0a+,:HI+/]^9[
K L
J J L
: '_N8 N668` : '_N8 N8 N668` QR
K
K
J
_N8 N668` X N QR O
: P
L
L
J L
_N8 N8 N668` X N Q!R
: P
J
c
J N8 N668
_N8 N668`XN XK5TT'KT b
J L
L
J L N8 N8 N668
_N8 N8 N668`XN Xc'KT b
c5de c c5gd L J5KJ
K
KT 'K5TT'KT KT 'c'KT XKT
^jXKT
9J5Kc
Y8XJ5Kc
(]<@$!!+Z
_N8
J
N66
9
`XL5Lg'KT
9f
QbRO
_N
L
8
f
N66
9
`Xd5KK'KT
9c
QbRO
_a6
9
`XXe5dJ'KT
9g
QbR
$QR/,H
c5de f c5gd J5Kc
L
KT 'i5iii'KT KT 'T5TJi XKT
J5Kc J5KJ
L K
J5KJ
K
KT KT
KTTk KTTk L5Ldek
KT
h h
h
J5KJ
c f
J
c5de J5KJ
KT
_N8 N668` X KT ' i5iii'KT
KT PKT
J5KJ
L
J L
c5gd J5KJ
KT
_N8 N8 N668` X c'KT ' T5TJi
KT PKT
a'J_L`Z (\ J ! !+ 8N668 T5TJ b. ^
! !+ N8
J
N668 T5Kf b /,H ! !+ #
8XL5dc'()^'
8N668
J T5Ti
N 'T5TJ QbR
^ J ^ J
J
N8 N668
^ T5Kf^
N 'T5Kf QbR
^ J ^ J
J5df
J K
c5de
J J L L
Kc
L
8N668 8 N8 N66 : KT QKR
N8 N668 8 N8 N8 N66 : XKT QLR
8 6 8 P68 SXKT QJR
D
D
D
UIm
n!"C]/oZ
b20Z
K K L L
N ': N ': S ?
K L
L5dc
J
: '_8N668` : '_N8 N668` XKT
J5df c5de f5cg
J
KT _8N668`PKT _N8 N668`XKT QpR
K
8N668
K
_8N668`'Q: R T5Ti
N
^ J
'T5Ti
_8N668` QKR
Q: RQ^ JR
(QKRQLR$QpR#Z
J
J L
N8 N668
J
L
_N8 N668`'Q: R T5Kf^
N
^ J
'T5Kf^
_N8 N668`X QLR
Q: RQ^ JR
J5df c5de f5cg
K L
'T5Ti 'T5Kf^
KT PKT XKT
Q: RQ^ JR Q: RQ^ JR
^ e5Jd
Giải PT ]^99LM_:/`MO/0a+,O/EO:)bO:GKb+
`c:M+d
)*) :/`MO/0a+,O/EO,P+ef+,g).+:h9
BZ![
^
E9/S
E9/T
_8M ` X N QK'J'LR
: P
K L
K L
SP: '_8M ` : '_8M `P'''P: '_8M `QK'J'KR
S S T T + +
L L L L L L
4 4 444 4 U
QK'JR
)
)
)
+
L
L
)WS
L
U
/V V WX
/ /Y
a'c_L`Z()8 $! !+ G H8Nq
K5TT'KT
9c
bN8
J
q8
J
P
L5TT'KT
9J
b'
(#Z
→ Áp dụng công thức QK'JR #
Ví dụ
i5Jf
K
KT5eT
J J J L L
Kc
L
8Nq 8 8N66 : KT QKR
N8 q8 8 N8 q8 : XKT QLR
8 6 8 P68 SXKT QJR
D
D
D
K K L L
N ': N ': ''' N ': S
XK
:
S
9 9 N XTQR
P:
E9/SR)*)O/0a+,:HI+/]^9i
a /hQR#Z
(00+ $/,H
N
T
Z
q?%rsZL5ccg'KT
9d
ttJ5LJi'KT
9d
N
T
XJ'KT
9d
c J L
K L K L K K L L
K L K K L L K L K L
Q: : R Q: : S : N : N R
Q: : N : : N S: S: R : : S T
K L K L
: 5: 5N 5N 5S
c KT J KJ L LJ Jc
c5dKg'KT K5TciK'KT L5gLgT'KT K5KLL'KT T
c KJ L Jc d
K5TciK'KT K5KLL'KT T J5LJi'KT Q TR
KT J LJ d
c5dKg'KT L5gLgT'KT T L5ccg'KT Q TR
^jXJ5LcTc'KT
9d
Y8Xe5ci
c KT J KJ L LJ Jc
uQR c5dKg'KT K5TciK'KT L5gLgT'KT K5KLL'KT
v J KT L KJ LJ
u QR c Kc5Kfc'KT L5TigL'KT L5gLgT'KT T
Ld LT
T T
Ld
d d
T
K T
LT
T
Lg LT
K K
Lg
d
K
L K
LT
K
uQ R K5JJde'KT OuvQ R c5fKfJ'KT
uQ R
K5JJde'KT
J'KT J5LieL'KT
uvQ R c5fKfJ'KT
uQ R c5KJgf'KT OuvQ R d5cLKd'KT
uQ R
c5KJgf'KT
J5LieL'KT J5LcT
uvQ R d5cLKd'KT
d
c'KT
d d
L K
d
K
J5LcTc'KT J5LieL'KT
KTTk K5eik
J5LieL'KT
h h
h
Cách 2: )*) :/`MO/0a+,O/EO,P+ef+,g).+:h9
Nj
($QR/,H
($QRQ!R/,H
K L
J J
S : '_8Nq` : '_N8 q8 ` QR
K
K
_8Nq` X N QR O
: P
L
L
J J
_N8 q8 ` X N Q!R
: P
c
8Nq
_8Nq`XN XK5TT'KT b
J J
J
J J
N8 q8
_N8 q8 `XN XL5TT'KT b
Kc i5Jf c KT5eT J e5ci
K
KT PKT 'K5TT'KT KT 'L5TT'KT XKT
^jXKT
9e5ci
Y8Xe5ci
$QR/,H
Kc i5Jf f KT5eT J e5ci
L
KT PKT 'i5ige'KT KT 'K5iii'KT XKT
e5ci e5ci
L K
e5ci
K
KT KT
KTTk Tk
KT
h h
h
e5ci
c f
i5Jf e5ci
KT
_8Nq` X KT ' i5ige'KT
KT PKT
e5ci
J J
J J
KT5eT e5ci
KT
_N8 q8 ` X L'KT ' K5iii'KT
KT PKT
4 !"'("$%
⇝ E9FGE:HI+/J*KHL:HM+,/<
⇝ /N+/O/P+2G+,2Q9/R
8
K K L L
K L L
M 5N 5: OM 5N 5: O'''OM 5N 5: O8 6
b b b b b b
K
L
9 9
K L K
9 9
L L L
9 9
L
P 9
L
M P8 6 8M P68 : QKR
M P8 6 8M P68 : QLR
'''
M P8 6 8M P68 : QR
8 6 8 P68 SQPKR
n
n n
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
S T +
S T S
S T +
] ] ]
] ] ]
] ] ]
U
JV V V V444V WX
J JY JY JY
)
)
)
+
]
]
)WS
]
U
JV V WX
J JY
BZ!S
BZ![
BZ!T
L'K
S
S
S
]
]
]
JV WX_ d
JY
L'L
)
)
)
+
]
]
)WS
]
JV WX_ d
JY
L'J
)
)
)
+
]
]
)WS
]
U
JV V WX_ d
J JY
S S T T + +
] ] ] ] ] ]
4 4 \444\ 4 \U?
S S T T + +
] ] ] ] ] ]
4 4 444 4 U?
S S T T + +
] ] ] ] ] ]
4 4 444 4 U