danh cho cac ban moi vao lop 10

chúc các bạn học tôt tiếng anh
RELATIVE CLAUSES
PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT
I. Defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là không xác định. Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho danh
từ trước nó, làm cho người đọc và người nghe hiểu được danh từ được đề cập là ai, là gì. Không có nó câu
sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
Ex 1: The man is very friendly. He / the man lives next door to me.
=> The man who / that lives next door to me is very friendly. (Using relative pronoun to combine).
=> The man living next door to me is very friendly. (Reducing a relative clause).
Ex 2: The man is very friendly. We want to make friends with him/ the man.
=> The man whom / that / who ( văn nói) we want to make friends with is very friendly.
=> The man with whom we want to make friends is very friendly. (Relative Clause + Preposition)
=> The man we want to make friends with is very friendly. (Reducing a relative clause).
Ex 3: The book is very interesting. I bought the book / it yesterday.
=> The book that / which I bought yesterday is very interesting. (Using relative pronoun to combine).
=> The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. (Reducing a relative clause).
II. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa đã được xác định cụ thể, không có nó câu
vẫn đủ nghĩa.
Mr. Thanh, Who is from Ha Tinh province, is a friendly English teacher.
Ha Noi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is in the north of Vietnam.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
Trước danh từ thường có : this, that, these, those, my, his, her… và danh từ riêng.
III. The use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs
1. Relative pronouns
Who: who là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ từ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike
Whom: whom là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ cho động từ.
Whom làm tân ngũ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
That is the girl (whom) I told you about.

Which: which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ từ hay tân ngữ cho động từ đứng
sau nó. Which làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful. / This is the book (which) I like best.
That: That là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật. That có thể được dùng thay cho who, whom, which trong
mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
This is the book that I like best. / I want to see all that he possesses.
That luôn được dùng sau các danh từ hổn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật), sau các đại từ everything,
something, anything, all little, much, none và sau dạng so sánh nhất.
Whose: Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu. Whose đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ
sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh từ. Whose luôn đi kèm với một danh từ.
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
2. Relative adverbs
When: When là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian. When được thaycho at/on/in +
danh từ thời gian hoặc then. May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.
Where: Where là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn. Where được thay thế cho
at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc here / there.
Do you know the country where I was born?
Why: Why là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do. Why thay cho for which / for the reason.
Notes:
* That được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:
- Thay who/ whom/ which trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn.
- Sau so sánh nhất.
Ex: She is the most warm-heated woman. I have met her.
 She is the most warm-heated woman that I have met.
- Sau những từ sau: all, few, any, only, anything, last, first, It + be + …
Ex: Do all the tests. I gave you them.  Do all the tests that I gave you.
It is the girl. She does these exercises.  It is the girl that does these exercises.
- Sau nhiều danh từ vừa chỉ người vừa chỉ vật.
Ex: I see people and cattle. They go down town.  I see people and cattle that go down town.
* That không được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:

Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.
Ex: This is Nam. He is my best friend.
 This is Nam that is my best friends. (Wrong). = > This is Nam, who is my best friend.
- Theo sau giới từ.
Ex: Here is the car. I told you about it.  Here is the car which I told you about.
= Here is the car about which I told you. = Here is the car that I told you about.
Here is the car about that I told you. (Wrong).
- Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đê quan hệ xác định khi nó có chức năng là tân ngữ .
Ex: Here is the car that / which I told you about. = Here is the car I told you about.
- Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ ở mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định không được lược bỏ, trái lại, ở mệnh đề
quan hệ xác định đại từ quan hệ có thể lược bỏ.
Khi có giới từ là thành phần của động từ kép trong Relative clauses thì ta không được tách để trước
đại từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH.
Ex: This is the book which I'm looking for.(V)
This is the book for which I'm looking. (Wrong).
That is the child whom you have to look after. (V)
That is the child after whom you have to look. (Wrong).
CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT 2 MỆNH ĐỀ
(mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn và m ệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn ).
I. Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn:
 Relative pronouns: WHO – WHOM – WHICH – WHOSE - THAT
1.The woman is my mother. She wears a hat.  The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother.
2.My mother is the person. I always think of her.  My mother is the person whom / that I always think of.
3.The bicycle is beautiful. You are looking at it.  The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful.
4.The book is my teacher’s. It is on the table.  The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s.
5.He is the boy. His father is the director of this company.  He is the boy whose father is the director of this company.
 Relative adverbs: WHERE – WHEN – WHY
1. WHERE: được dùng để thay thế “ giới từ + which” : “ in which, at which, on which…” khi nói về nơi chốn.
Ex: I went to the office. My father works in the office.  I went to the office in which my father works.
 I went to the office where my father works.

2. WHEN: được dùng để thay thế “giới từ + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” khi nói về thời gian
Ex: You can visit me on Sundays. I am usually free on Sundays.
 You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free.
 You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free.
3. WHY: được dùng để thay thế “for + which” khi nói về lý do
Ex: He refused my invitation. The reason is unknown.  The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.
NOTE: “where, when, why” không bao giờ đi sau giới từ .
II. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn : là mệnh đề bổ sung, đặt sau danh từ đã được xác định, và được ngăn cách
với mệnh đề chính bởi một hoặc hai dấu phẩy.
Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer. I saw him on TV yesterday.
 Michael Jackson, whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer.
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường là :
 Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr. Smith, Mrs. Green
 Đại từ chỉ định : this , that , these, those
 Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her .
Ex: Mr. Pike is very nice. He is my neighbor.  Mr. Pike, who is my neighbor, is very nice.
This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it
 This matter, to which you should pay attention, is of great importance.
Do you see my pen? I’ve just written the lesson with it.
 Do you see my pen, with which I ’ ve just written the lesson .
NOTES: MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với
whom và which.)
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
→ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
→ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
→ She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.

Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ: whom, which.
Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend.
The book you lent me was very interesting.
5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có thể được dùng trước
whom, which và whose.
Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students.
She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.
6. “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
 Khi từ đi trước chỉ người và vật .
Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid.
 Sau so sánh nhất khi danh từ đi trước làm tân ngữ và sau những từ như : the first, the last, the only, the very, any,
all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody,
Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.
I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she.
7. “That” không bao giờ được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
 Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước
Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.
That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.
 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.
CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
I. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that có thể được rút gọn thành cụm hiện
tại phân từ (V-ing) hoặc quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
Ex: a. The man who is standing over there is my father. → The man standing over there is my father.
b. The couple who live next door to me are professors.→ The couple living next door to me are professors.
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
Ex: a. The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.

→ The instructions given on the front page are very important.
b. The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.
→ The book bought by my mother is interesting.
II. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các
cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.
Ex: a. John was the last person that got the news. → John was the last person to get the news.
b. He was the best player that we admire. → He was the best player to be admired. (Passive voice). =
He was the best player we admired. (Reduce relative pronoun in active voice).
c. He was the second man who was killed in this way. →He was the second man to be killed in this way.
CẤU TRÚC CẦN NHỚ:
SOME COMMON ENGLISH STRUCTURES
1. Adverb clause of reason
BECAUSE + Clause, … < = > BECAUSE OF + Phrase, ……
Ex 1: I couldn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill.
<=> I couldn’t come to class yesterday because of (my) illness. / because of being ill.
Ex 2: Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off.
<=> Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off.
2. Adverb clause of concession
ALTHOUGH + Clause, ……… < = > IN SPITE OF + Phrase, ………
Ex 1: They came to the concert though it was raining heavily.
<=> They came to the concert in spite of the heavy rain.
Ex 2: Although it is a very hot day, I shall go for a walk.
<=> In spite of a (very) hot day, I shall go for a walk.
3. Adverb clause of result
a. …. so + Adj / Adv + that + Clause. <=> …. such + (a / an) + Adj + (Noun) + that + Clause.
Ex 1: He is so famous that everyone knows his name.
<= > He is such a famous man that everyone knows his name.
Ex 2: They discussed so hotly that they forgot to come to the conclusion.
<= > It was such a hot discussion that they forgot to come to the conclusion.

b. …too + Adj / Adv + (For someone) + to + Infinitive
Eg: It is too late to go to the movies. / The lecture was too boring for us to listen to.
He spoke too fast for me to understand him.
4. Adverb clause of purpose
a. …. so that / in order that + Clause.
Eg: I’m studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates.
The man spoke loudly so that everyone would hear him clearly.
b. … so as (not) to / in order (not) to + Infinitive (Inf phrase of purpose)
Eg: I’m studying hard in order to keep pace with my classmates.
So as not to be late for class, John must get up early.
We learn English to have better communication with other people.
c. … Adj / Adv + enough + (for someone) + to + Inf
Eg: The questions were easy enough for her to answer.
The teacher spoke clearly enough for us to understand him.
5. It + (take) + smb+ time + to + Inf
Eg: It took me five minutes to walk to the post office.
It takes us two hours to fly from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City.
6. Causative form
a. Have + Object + Past Participle.
Eg: Mary is going to have her hair done.
He had his car washed yesterday
b. Have + Object + to Inf smt.
Mary has some books to read. / He had a lot of homework to do yesterday
c. Have + smb + Verb bare (Inf with out to) smt.
Mary has me read her books. / He didn’t have Mary go for swimming yesterday.
7. It + (be) + Adj + (for someone) + to + Inf
Eg: It is difficult for us to master a foreign language.
It is dangerous to drive too fast.
8. Cấu trúc dùng Too không nhắc lại tân ngữ còn dùng So thì cần nhắc lại tân ngữ.
Eg: Chọn câu (ứng với A hoặc B, C, D) diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau:

The coffee was too hot for me to drink.
A. The coffee is so hot that I can't drink it. B. The coffee is so hot that I can't drink.
C. The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink. D. The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it.
Đáp án và giải thích: Câu gốc ở thì quá khứ đơn nên câu có nghĩa tương đương cũng phải ở thì quá khứ
đơn. Hơn nữa, sau động từ “drink” cần một tân ngữ nên đáp án đúng là D. Vì cấu trúc dùng Too không
nhắc lại tân ngữ còn dùng So thì cần nhắc lại tân ngữ.
EXERCISE 1
I. Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb (who, whom, which, that, whose, where, when,
why or without relative pronouns if possible:
1. The students ……who / that…………are studying in the classroom are studious.
2. The students ……whom / that / Ø ….I taught last year were very studious.
3. The book ………which / that……… is about London is very interesting.
4. The book ………which / that / Ø… I bought yesterday is very expensive.
5. I hate teachers ……………………… don’t correct exams soon.
6. I met a man…………………………….can speak six languages.
7. The man ……………………………….you saw in the park is very rich.
8. The day ………when………………………you met me was called Monday in English.
9. I like students …………………………have a good sense of humour.
10. The car ……………………………… was made in Vietnam is red.
11. My sister prefers boys ………………. are tall.
12. He likes Ninh Binh, …which…………has many wonder landscapes.
13. There are some films ………………………he wants to watch every day.
14. I love books ……………………………… have a nice end.
15. I like the diamond ring…………………… Mary is wearing.
16. Have you found the bike ………………… you lost?
17. Most of the classmates …………………… we invited to the birthday party couldn’t come.
18. The short stories …………………………… John told were very interesting.
19. The dictionary……………………………….I bought yesterday is expensive, but very interesting.
20. I didn’t like the man …………………………we met this morning.
21. The flight……………………………………. I wanted travel on was fully booked.

22. The bed ………………………………………I slept in was very modern.
23. The boy ………………………Ø………………playing the piano is Ben.
24. Do you know the reason…why………………… we are respected?
25. The people……………………………………waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
26. The scientists…………………………………researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
27. The fence …………………………………….surrounds our house is made of wood.
28. The ideas ……………………Ø………………. presented in that book are interesting.
29. I come from a city ………………………… located in the southern part of the country.
30. They live in a house ………………………… built in 1890.
31. The photographs ……………………………. published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
32. The experiment ……………………………… conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
33. They work in a hospital …………………… sponsored by the government.
34. Yuri Gagarin was the first man ……Ø…………to fly into space.
35. John was the last man ………………………. to reach the top of the mountain.
36. The last person ……………………………… to leave the room must turn off the light.
37. The first person ……………………………… to greet in the school is our teacher.
38. This is the second person ………Ø……………. to be killed in that way.
39. The first person ……………………………… catches the ball will be the winner.
40. He was the last man …………………………. left the party.
41. He was the only boy ………………………….to know the answer.
42. It is the biggest school ……………………… to be built in 1985.
43. The first person ……………………………… to invent the telephone is Graham Bell.
II. Choose and divide 10 sentences among them into single sentences:
1. The students are studious. They / The students are studying in the classroom.
2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12…………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
24……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

29……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
38. This is the second person. He / She / The person was killed in that way.

III. Rewrite of the following sentences, using a present or past participial:
1. The story which was written by Jack London is very well known.

2. The girl who spoke English fluently last night is standing here.

3. Do you know the person who lives next door?

4. The picture which is taken by the man is beautiful

IV. Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom or which:
1The woman is very pretty. You hope to talk to her at the party.

2. The story is very interesting. There are a lot of people in it

3. This is the music program. We listened to it last night.

4. My teacher teaches in this school. You told me about her.

V. Rewrite the following sentences by using “defining relatives or non - defining relatives”:
1. Do you like the person? He sits next to you.

2. Swimming is a good exercise. A lot of people like it.

3. Jack works in this factory. We saw him yesterday

4. An orphan lives in the orphanage. His parents are dead.

VI. Choose the best answer:
1. The man hat blew off in the wind chased it across the park
A. his B. who C. whose D. that
2. The building whose walls are made of glass is the place I work
A. which B. where C. that D. what
3. The movie we are talking about is fantastic
A. which B. that C. Ø D. A, B, or C
4. The little girl I borrowed this pen has gone
A. whose B. from whom C. from that D. from who
5. The boy the piano is my son
A. who is playing B. that is playing C. playing D. A, b, or C
6. She gives her children everything they want
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
7. Why do you always disagree with everything I say?
A. who B. which C. when D. what
8. This is an awful film. It is the worst I have never seen
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
9. The hotel we stayed was not clean
A. who B. that C. where D. when
11. What was the name of the people car had broken down
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
12. I recently went back to the town I was born
A. what B. where C. who D. which
13. She told me her address I wrote on a piece of paper
A. what B. which C. when D. where
14. The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop she had bought it
A. where B. which C. what D. when
15. The painting sun Flower, ………painted by Van Gogh, was stolen many times
A. which is B. which was C. that is D. Ø

16. ……………….was a French Emperor, fought his final battle in Waterloo
A. Napoleon Bonaparte who C. Napoleon Bonaparte, that
B. Napoleon Bonaparte, who D. Napoleon Bonaparte, whose
17. A person …….makes bread and cakes and sells them is a baker
A. it is who B. whom C. whose D. who
18. .Hai Phong is the place…… I grew up between the age of two and ten
A. which B. where .C. that D. who
19. .She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
20. .The police want to know the hotel in Mr Foster stayed two weeks ago
A. which B. where C. that D. when
21. .I have not decided the day I’ll go to London
A. when B. which C. where D. that
22. .He doesn’t want to sell the house He was born
A. which B. where C. when D. that
23. .We enjoyed the city we spent our vacation
A. which B. that C. where D. when
24. Mary and Margaret you meet them yesterday are twins
A. whom B. who C. that D. whose
25. The man opinions I respect most is my father
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
26. Tell me you want and i will try to help you
A. that B. what C. who D. which
VII. Combine each pair of sentences:
1. The woman is my mother. She understands me best.
→
2. What was the name of the boy? You borrowed these books from him.
→
3. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support for the project is essential.
→

4. The dam is nearly empty. We receive our water supply from it.
→
5. The clerk doesn’t work here any more. You asked about him.
→
6. I don’t like people. People lose their tempers easily.
→
7. He’s the man. People like him at first sight.
→
8. It is the important matter. We are interested in it.
→
9. The child enjoyed the chocolates. Her mother bought them from France.
→
10. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
→
11. Mr Phong hasn’t come yet. He is supposed to be at the meeting.
→
12. Lan went back home. She forgot to turn off the faucet.
→
13. Disney World is a famous amusement park. It is located in Florida, USA, and covers a large area of land.
→
14. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city.
→
15. The Great Fire of London broke out in 1666. It destroyed a large part of the city.
→
EXERCISE 2
I. Chọn từ/cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C, D) để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau:
1. We are talking about the writer ______ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. who
2. He bought all the books ______ are needed for the English course.
A. that B. what C. those D. whose

3. The children, ______ parents work late, are taken home by bus.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. their
4. Our hotel, ______ is converted 17
th
century manor house, is very comfortable
A. which B. that C. where D. when
5. Do you know the boy ______ at the party last week?
A. we talked about B. about him we talked
C. we talk about him D. who we talked about him
6. The exercises which we are doing ______ very difficult.
A. is B. has been C. are D. was
7. The machine ______ has now been repaired.
A. that broken down C. that broke down B. which are broken down D. which broke
8. The man ______ on the chair behind me kept talking during the film, ______ really annoyed me.
A. having sat/ that B. sitting/ which C. to sit/ what D. to be sitting/ who
9. Neil Armstrong was the first person ______ foot on the moon.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set
10. This is the village in ______ my family and I lived for six years.
A. which B. that C. whom D. where
11. She is the famous actress ______ everybody admires.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
12. The old building ______ was behind the local church fell down.
A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom
13. My nephew ______ chose a lot of toys at the Toy World store for his father, ______ is my elder brother,
paid a large amount of money.
A. which / whose B. whom / who C. which / who D. who / who
14. They need a teacher ______ native language is English.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
15. The food ______ I like best of all is pie alamode.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

16. The man ______ was in charge of the management didn't seem friendly to us at all.
A. who B. whom C. where D. when
17. The physics teacher, ______ behaviour I don't like much, makes things harder for the students.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
18. We’ll come in August ______ the schools are on holiday.
A. that B. where C. in which D. when
19. Justine, ______ parents live in Christchurch, has gone to Southampton.
A. whom B. whose C. to whom D. which.
20. The person with ______ she's been working is very friendly.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
21. I think the Chinese are the people ______ habits are the most peculiar to us.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. when
II. Chọn phương án (A hoặc B, C, D) được gạch dưới cần phải sửa để các câu sau trở thành chính xác.
1. The man for who the police are looking robbed the bank yesterday.
A B C D
2. Today, the number of people whom enjoy winter sports is almost double that of twenty years ago.
A B C D
3. We work with a person his name is Albert.
A B C D
4. There’s the woman who she told me about the handbag.
A B C D
5. The man that you are looking for living next door.
A B C D
6. My father will fly to Ha Noi, that is the capital city of Vietnam.
A B C D
EXERCISES
I: Combine these pairs of sentences using “so…that” :
1/ That woman was very tall. She could almost touch the ceiling.
- That woman was so tall that she could almost touch the ceiling.
2/ This coat is very big. I can’t wear it.

⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ The coffee was so strong. She couldn’t go to sleep.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ That bag was very heavy. None of us could carry it.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ The stadium is very large. It can hold 60,000 people.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
II: Combine these pairs of sentences using “too…to”:
1/ The bag was very heavy. She couldn’t carry it. = > The bag was too heavy for her to carry.
2/ He is very old. He can’t run.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ She is very young. She can’t go to school.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ Tom is very short. He can’t play volleyball.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ It’s very late. We can’t go to the movies.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
6/ The question was very hard. We couldn’t answer it.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
7/ The TV programme is very exciting. The children won’t miss it.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
8/ You’re very young. You can’t drive that car.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
9/ She was tired. She didn’t go anywhere.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
10/ These shoes are very small. I can’t wear them.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
III: Combine these pairs of sentences using “such….that”:
1/ Tom was a tall man. He could almost touch the ceiling.
=> Tom was such a tall man that he could almost touch the ceiling.

2/ Mary is a good swimmer. She has won two gold medals.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ He drank strong coffee. He couldn’t go to sleep.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ It was a long walk. The children got tired.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ He told interesting stories. They all like him.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
IV: Combine into a sentence using “so that”:
1/ The boys stood on the beach. They wanted to get a better view.
=> The boys stood on the beach so that they could get a better view.
2/ We lowered the volume of the radio. We didn’t want to bother our neighbours.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ I will write to you. I want you to know my decision soon.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ These men were whispering. They didn’t want anybody to hear their conversation.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ The lecturer spoke loudly. He wanted everyone to hear him clearly.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
V: Rewrite the sentences using “enough” instead of “too…to”:
1/ He is too old to wear this colored shirt.
=> He is not young enough to wear this colored shirt.
2/ She is too weak to carry this box.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ This pen is too expensive for me to buy.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ Bill was too stupid to understand what I had said.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ This bag is too heavy for her to carry.
⇒……………………………………………………………….

VI: Rewrite the sentences using “It takes / took…”:
1/ I go to school by bicycle in ten minutes. => It takes me ten minutes to go to school by bicycle.
2/ He did that exercise in an hour.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ I need fifteen minutes to get to the post office.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ He spent the whole morning writing the composition.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ We needed two days to paint the house.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
6/ He will need three hours to do this work.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
7/ They finished their work in three days.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
VII: Rewrite the sentences using the causative form:
1/ The Smiths are going to build a new house. => The Smiths are going to have a new house built.
2/ Please tell someone to take my luggage to the station.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ We must find someone to add an extra room to the house.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ Order the porter to carry these boxes up to my room.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ She has just asked the dressmaker to make a new dress for her daughter.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
6/ I paid a man to sharpen these knives and scissors yesterday.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
7/ My mother is going to pay a doctor to test her eyesight.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
8/ Did you order the boys to plant some trees in the garden?
⇒……………………………………………………………….

9/ Bob doesn’t pay anyone to cook his meals. He cooks them himself.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
VIII: Rewrite the sentences using “It + be + adj + to inf”:
1/ Learning English is not easy.
- It is not easy to learn English.
2/ Knowing a foreign language is necessary.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
3/ Swimming in the river is dangerous.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
4/ Doing that exercise is not hard for us.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
5/ Seeing you again is very nice.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
6/ Practising morning exercise is good.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
7/ Finding out the answer to that question is not easy.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
8/ Telling her the news now is unwise.
⇒……………………………………………………………….
C¢U SO S¸NH: COMPARISIONS
I. Comparison of equality
1. Affirmative
as + adj/adv + as
Ex: - I’m as tall as Tom.
- John works as hard as his father.
2. Negative
not as/so + adj/adv + as
Ex: - This watch is not as/so expensive as mine. (= my watch)
- She does not sing as/so well as her sister.
Note:

+ Khi so sánh bằng danh từ, sử dụng cấu trúc sau:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + {noun/ pronoun}
1. My house is as high as his.
- My house is the same height as his.
II. Comparative of adj/ adv
1. Form:
* Note:
1. Khi động từ ở hai mệnh đề cùng giống nhau ta có thể thay đọng từ trong mệnh đề 2 bằng trợ động từ phù
hợp.
Eg: She earns less than he earns
- She earns less than he does.
2. Động từ trong mệnh đề 2 có thể lược bỏ khi động từ trong hai mệnh đề cùng thì
Eg: I am not old as you are - I am not old as you
+ She has more time than I have - She has more time than I
3. Trong văn phong không trang trọng người ta có thể sử dung tân ngữ sau than và as:
Eg: She has more time than I - She has more time than me
III. Superlative of adj/ adv
1. Short adj/ adv
the + adj/adv + EST
Eg: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
2. Long adj/ adv
the + MOST + adj/adv
Eg: She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
* Note:
- Trong hình thức so sánh hơn nhất ta có thể lược bỏ “the”
+ Đặc biệt là khi đi với từ “ worst/ best/ most”
Eg: I love my mother best.
+ Khi có tính từ sở hữu thì chúng ta cũng không sử dụng “the”
Eg: She is my best friend.
IV. THE DOUBLE COMPARATIVE FORMS (SO SÁNH KÉP)

1. Phân loại:
+ Có hai loại so sánh kép: loại 1 mệnh đề và lọai 2 mệnh đề
1.1. Loại 1 mệnh đề:
a. Meaning: Cấu trúc này có nghĩa là : càng lúc càng , hoặc càng ngày càng
b. Form: Công thức là :
+ Short Adj: S + be + short + ER and short + ER
Eg: It is darker and darker : trời càng lúc càng tối
+ Long Adj: S + be + MORE and MORE + tính từ dài
Eg: She is more and more beautiful : cô ta ngày càng đẹp.
1.2. Loại 2 mệnh đề
a. Meaning: Cấu trúc này có nghĩa là : càng thì càng
b. Form: The + + clause, the + + clause
Eg1: He eats a lot. He is fat - The more he eats, the fatter he is
Eg2: He eats a lot of pork. He is fat. - The more pork he eats, the fatter he is.
NOIES:
1. Short adj/ adv
adj/adv + ER + than
+ Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn là từ có một vần hay hai vần tận cùng bằng “y”.
fast, cold, thick, lucky, happy .…
Ex: - John is stronger than his brother.
(John khoẻ hơn anh của cậu ấy.)
- This athlete runs faster than that one.
(Vận động viên này chạy nhanh hơn vận động viên kia)
2. Long adj/ adv
more + adj/adv + than
+ Tính từ/trạng từ dài là từ có hai vần trở lên.
modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully, …
Ex: - This problem is more difficult than we thought.
(Vấn đề này khó hơn chúng ta nghĩ.)
- He speaks English more fluently than his frienD.

(Anh ta nói tiếng Anh trôi chảy hơn bạn của anh ta. )
EXERCISE
I. Chọn từ/cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C, D) để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau:
1.His new job is than mine
A. important B. as important C. importanter D. more important
2. Of the four ties , I like the red one
A. well B. best C. better D. gooder
3. Nobody is than Miss Snow
A. more happy B. happier C. as happy D. the most happy
4. Today Engish is the of languages
A. most international B. most intonation C. more international D. as international
5. Jonh is much than I thought
A strong B. the strongest C. stronger D. more strong
6. Benches are than arm-chairs
A. comfortable B. the most comfortable C. as comfortable D. more comfortable
7. Bill is than you thought
A. better B. gooder C. the best D. as good
8. Mr. Bush is the person I have ever known
A. more delightful B. delightful C. most delightful D. delightfully
9. Disk is the of the two workers
A. more careful B. most careful C. carefully D. careful
10. Sam’s conduct is than Paul’s
A. worse B. worst C. badder D. the worst
11. Thank to progress of science, human life is
A. gooder B. better and better C. best D. more gooder
12. Bill is
A. lazier B. laziest C. more lazy D. lazier and lazier
13. Then teachers speaks English than we
A. fluently B. more fluently C. the most fluently D. more fluent
16. These boys are for employment than my children

A. ill-prepared B. the most ill-prepared C. more ill- prepared D. as ill-prepared
17. The competition makes the price of goods
A. cheaper and cheaper B. cheap C. the cheapest D. as cheap
18. Charles is than Tom
A. hard-working B. more hardworking C. as hardworking D. the most hardworking
19. Is this the book than the one you read last week?
A. interesting B. interestinger C. the most interesting D. more interesting
20. Of the two boys, Harry is the boy
A. most industrious B. more industrious C. industrious D. as industrious
21 Mary is as her sister. People now live than before
a. well b. the best C. as well d. better
22.She dances than her sister
a. beautiful b. the most beautiful C. the most beautifully d. more beautifully
23.She thought German was more industrial France
a. than B. then C. as D. to
24.HCM city is than HaNoi
A. more noisy B. noisy C. more noisier D. noisier
25.The bus takes than the train
A. longer B. more long C. the longest D. long
26.Melbourne is than Sydney
A. more hot B. more hotter C. hort D. hotter
27.I speak French than my sister
A. gooder B. better C. more good D. more well
28. David doesn’t work very hard. I work
A. more hard B. more hardly C. hardlier D. harder
29. Are oranges than bananas?
A. more expensive B. expensive C. more cheap D. cheap
30.I am two years than my brother
A. elder B. more elder C. older D. more old
31. His father works much than he does

A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. more hardly
32. Your E is very You speak English very
A. good/good B. good/well C. well/good D. well/well
33. There is no prettier pool this one
A. as B. that C. than D. to
34. The south of England is characterized as the North
A. flat as B. flat than C. flater than D. flatter than
35. She plays the piano than I do
A. more beautifully B. quite beautifully C. most beautifully d .as beautifully
II. Rewrite these following sentences
1. I am not so tall as my mother.
 My mother ……………………………………
2. Jane is the tallest student in her class.
 No one…………………………………………
3. I prefer coffee to tea.
 I think coffee ……………………………………………………
4. There are fewer people in Taiwan than in Korea
 The population of Korea …………………………………………….
5. We enjoyed the evening more than the children
 The children ……………………………………………………
6. The party ended earlier than I thought it would
 The party didn’t ………………………………
7. It isn’t as warm in Canada as it’s in Mexico
 Mexico is …………………………………….
8. My school and hers aren’t the same
 My school ……………………………………
9. Nam is more intelligent than Tan
 Tan is not …………………………………………
10. There are fewer rainy days in Paris than in New York
 There aren’t………………………………

11. My homework is worse than yours.
 Your homework is____________________________________________
12. He does the test more easily than Nga.
 Nga________________________________________________________
13. An dictionary is more expensive than an English book.
An English book_____________________________________________
14. He behaves now worse than he used to.
 He used to__________________________________________________
15. My uncle is fatter than my father.
 My father__________________________________________________
16. Viet Nam isn’t as large as the USA
 Viet Nam__________________________________________________
17. My friend cooks better than I do.
 I_________________________________________________________
18. Hue to Ha Noi is nearer than HCM City to Ha Noi.
 HCM City to Ha Noi_________________________________________
III. Rewrite the sentences using the double comparative forms.
1.You put a lot of money in the bank, and you’ll get high interest

2. We offer good – quality products, and we’ll have many customers

3. You work very hard, and you’ll have a good chance of success

4. We practice speaking E often, and we’ll speak it fluently

5. We’re honest in our trade, and we’ll have many customers

6. We export many goods, and we can create many jobs in our country

7. We devote ourselves to our work, and we’ll have a good chance of getting a promotion

8. You work long hours, and you’ll be very exhausted

9. My father gets old, and he doesn’t want to travel much

10. My uncle works very hard, and he has very little time for his family
IV. Use the proper form of adjectives (or adverbs) in parentheses.
1. Mary is (pretty) as her sister.
2. A new house is (expensive) than an old one.
3. His job is (important) than mine.
4. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well)
5. Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow.
6. Today English is the (international) of languages.
7. John is much (strong) than I thought.
8. Benches are (comfortable) than arm - chairs.
9. Bill is (good) than you though.
10. Mr. Bush is the (delightful) person I have ever known.
11. Disk is the (careful) of the two workers.
12. Sam’s conduct is (bad) than Paul’s.
13. Thanks to the progress of science, human life is (good) and (good)
14. Bill is (lazy) and (lazy) .
15. The teacher speaks English (fluently) than we.
16. These boys are (ill - prepared) for employment than my children.
17. The competition makes the price of goods (cheap)………and (cheap)
18. Charles is (hard working) than Tom.
19. Is this book (interesting) than the one you read last week ?
20. Of the two boys, Harry is the (ill - bred)
V . Complete the sentences using comparative form.
1. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ?
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ?

3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be
4. The weather is too cold in this country. I expected it to be
5. My job is a bit boring, sometimes I’d like to do something
6. It was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I though it would be
7. Your work isn’t very gooD. I’m sure you can do
8. Don’t worry. The situation isn’t so baD. It could be
9. You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit ?
10. You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me ?
VI. Complete the sentences. Each time use the comparative form of one of the words in the list.
Use “than” where necessary.
big crowded early high important
easily peaceful reliable serious thin
1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed usual.
2. You look . Have you lost weight ?
3. I want A. flat. We don’t have enough space here.
4. Health and happiness are money.
5. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was usual.
6. I like living in the countryside. It’s living in a town.
7. You’ll find your way around the town if you have a good map.
8. In some parts of the country, prices are in others.
9. I’d like to have a car. The one I’ve got keeps breaking down.
10. Unfortunately her illness was we thought at first.
REVISION 1
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each group.
1. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat
2. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair
3. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction
4. A. cooks B. loves C. joins D. spends
5. A. naked B. looked C. booked D. hooked
II. Choose the best answer

1. We can’t go along here because the road
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
2. I’m going to go out and
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut
C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
3. A lot of pesticide residue can unwashed produce
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
4. Some film stars difficult to work with
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
5. ___ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. If B. Had C. Should D. Would
6. If you ___ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
7. ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am
8. Martin asked me _______.
A. how is my father B. how my father is
C. how was my father D. how my father was
9. I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayaed D. who delaying
10. The picture was painted by Laura, ____________ is being shown in an exhibition.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
11. Let
’
s ask our teacher how to solve this problem ___ we can
’
t agree on the answer.
A. Since B. because of C. due to D. owing to
12. It was _________that we went for a hike in the mountain.
A. so a nice day B. such nice a day C. so nice a day D. such a day nice

13. The T- shirt in the window was ________ expensive for me to buy.
A. too B. enough C. so D. very
14. The coat is __________for me to wear.
A. too large B. so much C. very much D. too much
15. “Do you know why Eric failed her test?
“I don’t know. She spent_________ time studying.”
A. so B. such C. so much D. such much
16. We have heard __________about you.
A. so many news B. so much news C. a lot news D. few news
17. It was _____ a difficult question that I couldn’t answer it.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
18. We are not rich enough ________ everywhere by taxi.
A. not travel B. to travel C. for traveling D. can’t travel
19. . Most of the students are ________ to pass the examination.
A. good enough B. enough good C. too good D. so good
20. I have _________, but I don’t have time.
A. a vacation for a enough money B. money enough for
vacation
C. enough money for vacation D. enough money for
vacation
III. Find out the mistake and correct them
1. All of the homework given by our teachers are useful to every student.
A B C D
2. Caroline refused taking the job given to her because the salary was not good.
A B C D
3. In the end, she quit the job because it was too bored.
A B C D
4. Now that I’ve become old, I can’t read as quick as I used to.
A B C D
5. There is such few ink that it will be impossible to finish addressing the envelopes.

A B C D
6. He seldom goes to the market, doesn’t he?
A B C D
7. They are doing plans for their picnic in the countryside.
A B C D
8. It was so good weather that we decided to go to the beach.
A B C D
9. One of the reasons why he was late for the meeting was because the bad weather.
A B C D
10. He drove enough slowly to stop just in front of the accident on the way home.
A B C D
IV. Choose the best answer.
The reality of an interview is never as bad as your fears. For some reason people imagine the interviewer
is going to jump on every tiny mistake they (1)__________ . In truth, the interviewer is as keen for the
meeting to go well as you are. It is what makes his or her job (2)_________
The secret of a good interview is preparing for it. What you wear is always important as it creates the first
impression. So (3)___________neatly, but comfortably. Make sure that you can deal with anything you
are (4) _______________ . Prepare for questions that are certain to come up, for example: Why do you
want to become a nurse? What is the most important (5) _______________ a good nurse should have?
Apart from nursing, what other careers have you considered? What are your interests and hobbies?
Question 1: A. perform B. do C. make D. have
Question 2: A. enjoyable B. enjoyably C. enjoyment D. enjoyed
Question 3: A. wear B. dress C. put on D. have on
Question 4: A. suggested B. questioned C. inquired D. asked
Question 5: A. quality B. behavior C. nature D. point
THE AGREEMENT OF A VERB WITH ITS SUBJECT
I. Theo quy luật chung 1 động từ bao giờ cũng hòa hợp với chủ ngữ cuả nó. điều đó có nghĩa là khi chủ ngữ
số ít thì động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít và ngược lại.
- Tuy nhiên, ta hãy chú ý tới 1 số quy tắc đặc biệt sau:
1. Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít được nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi 1 động từ số nhiều.

Eg: The boy and the girl love their parents dearly.
Eg: Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
- Tuy nhien, nếu hai chủ ngữ diễn tả 1 người 1vật hay 1 ý tưởng chung thì động từ vẫn ở số ít.
Eg: Bread and butter is my daily breakfast.
Eg: To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life.
2. Hai chủ ngữ được nối với nhau bằng AND mà trước chủ từ đó có EACH, EVERY, MANY A, NO
thì động từ phải ở số ít.
Eg: Each boy and girl has a textbook.
Eg: No teacher and student is present.
3. Khi hai chủ ngữ được nối bởi OR, EITHER… OR, NEITHER…NOR…động từ hợp với chủ ngữ thứ 2.
Eg: He or you are the best student in this class.
Eg: Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that.
4. Khi hai chủ ngữ đượ nố bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH động từ hoà hợp với chủ ngữ thứ 2.
Eg: John, as well as you, is responsible for this act.
Eg: Tom, with his friends, is in the car.
5. Một danh từ tập hợp cần 1 động từ số nhiều khi ta ngụ ý nói tới từng cá nhân tạo nên tập hợp này nhưng
động từ vẫn ở số ít nếu nếu ta coi cả tập hợp như 1 đơn vị.
Eg: The family of this dead soldier is noble.
Eg: The family go to the movies every Sunday morning.
6. Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ có hình thức số nhiều nhưng nghĩa số ít thì động từ chia ở số ít.
Eg: No news is good news.
Eg: Physics is more difficult than chemistry.
Các danh từ thường gặp là : news, physics, mathematics, politics, gymnastics, phonetics, measles,
Mumps, rickets, the United States, the Philippines…
7. Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ lượng, đo lường giá cả hay giá tiền được coi như là chủ ngữ số ít.
Eg: Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money.
Eg: Five hundred miles is a long distance.
8. Khi chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định như: everyone, something, nobody…thì động theo sau phải ở số ít.
Eg: Nobody has opened the door.
Eg: Is everyone present ?

9. Trong câu bắt đầu bằng THERE thì động từ hòa hợp theo chủ ngữ đứng sau nó.
Eg: There stands a pagoda facing the little lake.
Eg: There were a lot of people at the meeting.
10. Động từ có chủ ngữ là đại tờ quan hệ thì phải hòa hợp cùng ngôi và so với tiền vị ngữ của đại từ ấy.
Eg: He works for the factory which makes cars.
Eg: The man who is living near my house teaches us English.
EXERCISE I : Choose the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. John along with twenty friends, (is / are)…… planning a party.
2. The picture of the soldiers (bring / brings)…….back many memories.
3. The quality of these recordings (is / are)…….not very good.
4. If the duties of these officers (isn’t / aren’t)…… reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the
project.
5. Neither Bill nor Mary (is / are)… going to the play tonight.
6. Anything (is / are)……… better than going to another movie tonight.
7. A number of reporters (was / were)…………at the conference yesterday.
8. There (was / were)…………….some people at the meeting last night.
9. Each student (has / have)……….answered the first three questions.
10. Either John or his wife (make / makes)……… breakfast each morning.
11. The army (has / have)………….eliminated this section of the training test.
12. The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is / are)……… appalling.
13. Every elementary school teacher (has / have)………….to take this examination.
14. The police (come / comes)………………to the site of the accident.
15. These pictures, as well as photograph (brighten / brightens)…………….the room.
16. What he told you (seem / seems)……………… to be of on importance.
17. Tow years (is / are) ……………a long time to wait.
18. Bread and butter (is / are)…………….what she asks for.
19. Measles (is / are)…………….cured without much difficulty nowadays.
20. After a long day’s work (is / are) ……….not the right time to dancing.
EXERCISE II : Either or Neither nor Insert “is, am, are, was, were, has, have, do or does”
1. That clown shows that either snow or rain……… about to fall.

2. Neither the cock nor the hens…………in the ward.
3. By what time…………….either you or your father decided to go ?
4. Either one or tow apples……….been picked up ripe.
5. Neither the moon nor stars……… visible in this dark night.
6. To what place………………either the man or his son wish to go ?
7. Neither the master nor his pupils idle.
8. Neither he nor you………heard of this before.
9. No girl or boy………… allowed to play in the school.
10. Neither the man nor his wife…………… much work.
EXERCISE III: As well as. Insert “is, am, are, was, were, has, have, do or does”.
1. This house as well as that……… for sale, which will you have?
2. The horse as well as the rider ………… hurt by the fall.
3. James as well as Mary…………. won a prize this term.
4. Beauty as well as health…………. fallen to her lot in life.
5. I myself as well as James……… gone to the party.
6. The cock as well as the hens ………… calling for food.
7. A garden as well as stables …………. attached to the house.
8. A garden as well as a stable …………. attached to the house.
9. The hens as well as the cock …………. calling for food.
10. Stables as well as a garden …………. attached to the house.
VERB TENSES
I: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc:
1.I (Come) from Switzerland. I (live) in a broading house in Oxford. I (enjoy) my stay here as I( already/
have) many opportunities to meet interesting people who ( come) from all over the world. Like me, they
( study) English. Some of them ( live) here for quite a long time but even they all ( not/ speak) English very
well.
2.There was a power outage in our part of town last night. Your lights ( go) out too?
- yes, they did. It ( be) terrible. I ( take) a shower when the lights went out. My wife ( find) a flashlight and
rescue) me from the bathroom. We couldn't cook dinner, so we ( eat) sandwiches instead. I ( try) to study
by candlelight, but I couldn't see well enough, so I (go) to bedand ( sleep). How about you?

- I ( read) when the lights ( go) out.I (study) fora history exam. Of course, I couldn't study in the dark, so I
(get)up very early this morning and finished studying for my test.
II: Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng nhÊt:
1. When I last saw him, he in London.(has lived/ is living/ was living/ has been living)
2.Jack the door.(has just painted/ paint/ will have painted/ painting)
3. My sister for you since yesterday.(is looking/ was looking/ has been looking/ looked)
4.he fell down when he towards the church.(run/ runs/ was running/ had run)
5. I to Newyork 3 times this year.( have been/ was/ were/ had been)
6. Jonh a book when I saw him.( is reading/ read/ was reading/ reading)
7. He said he return later.( wil/ would/ can/ would be)
8. Jack has been waiting for you ( since early morning/ since 9a.m/ for two hours/all are correct).

THE WAYS TO USE V-ING, TO VERB, VERB+ EXERCISES
Mục đích: Học sinh nhớ lại các cách sở dụng động từ V- ing , to Verb, Verb để áp dụng vào các bài tâp
Yêu cầu: Học sinh làm các dạng bài tập theo phần ngữ pháp đã học
Nội dung:
Gerund- infinitive- participles
I: VERB+ING(enjoy/stop doing)
1.Stop /delay/ fancy/ consider/ admit/ miss/ involve/ finish/ postpone/ imagine/ avoid/ deny/ risk/ practise/
enjoy2.give up=stop/ put off= postpone/ carry on= go on= continue/ keep orkeep on
II: Verb+TO ( decide+ to do/ forget to do)
1. offer/ decide/ hope/ deserve/ attept/ promise/ agree/ plan/ aim/ afford/ manage/ stop/ start/want/threaten/
refuse/ arrange/ learn/ forget/ fail/ remember/ a decision + TO V/ a promise +TO V/ a tendency+TO V/dare
2. Seem/ appear/ tend/ pretend/ claim
They seem to have a lot of money.
3. V+a question word+TO V( ask/ decide/ know/ remember/ forget/ explain/ learn/ undertsand/ wonder
We asked how to get to the station
4. Show/ tell/ ask/ advise/ teach+O+ what/ how/ where+TO V
I will tell you what to do
III: VERB+(O)+TO V( I want( you )to +V )

1. want/ ask/ help/ would like/ would love/ expect/ beg/ mean/ would prefer/ would hate+ TO V or +O+TO V
2. Tell/remind/ force/ enable/ teach/ order/ warn/ invite/ persuade/ get= persuade= arrange for+ O+TO V
3. Advise/ recommend/ encourage/ allow/ permit/ forbid+ ING/+O+TO V
I wouldn't recommend staying there/ I wouldn't anyone to saty there.
Smoke ing isn't allowed here/ we aren't allowed to smoke here.
4. Make/ let. Make/ let+ O+V
- to be made+To V
IV: VERB+ING/TO VERB
some verbs can be followed by _ING/ TOV with a difference of meaning
remember/ regret/go on( go on +VING = continue +VING/ go on +TO V= do or say something)/ try/need/see/
feel/ watch/ ( CONTINUE)
EXERCISES
I: Choose the best answer.
1. Their children are used to after school every day. they don't have to walk home.( picking up/ being picked
up/ be picked up/ pick up)
2. Our machnic says that he expects the brakes on the car before we pick it up.( fixing/ being fixed/ to have
fixed/ to have been fixed)
3.The Smiths are happy about a baby.( have/ having/ to have/ to be having)
4. Mrss. Kerry didn't want on.( to be operated/ being operated/ to operate/ to be operating)
5. Mary didn't expext to Bill's party.( asking/ being asked/ to ask/ to be asked)
6. Would you mind not the radio until I've finished with this phone call?( turning on/ being turning on/ to be
turned on/ to turn on)
7. Don't risk alone in the river.( to swim/ to swimming/ swim/ swimming)
8. I have never expexted such a strange thing in my life.( seeing/ to see/ having seen/ to be seen)
9. Having finished the reading report, I began to listen to music.( to write/ to have writeen/ writing/ written)
10. Please let it clearly. I am not used something twice.( understand- to saying/ to understand- to say/ be
understood- to saying/ be understood- to say)
11. Tell her for shool again.( not late/ not to be alte/ not being late/ not be late)
12. The doctor persuaded the patient in hospital for 3 more days.( staying/ to stay/ being stayed/ stay)
13. she can't stand under such terrible conditions.( working/ to work/ to be working/ work)

14. I remmember the post office., but I forgot the letter which is still in my bag.( to enter- to post/
entering- posting/ entering- to post/ to enter- posting)
15. Do not delay him( to answer/ to answering/ answering/ to be answering)
16. I've seen him the office early this afternoon. he seemed unhappy about this.( leave- to have been/
leaving - to have been/ left- to have been/ both A+B are correct)
II: Give the correct verb forms.
1. I prefer ( drive) to ( be driven) .
2. at first I enjoyed ( listen) to him but after a while I got tired of ( hear) the same story again and again.
3. The horse won't be well enough ( run) in tomorrow's race . He doesn't seem ( have recovered) from his long
journey.
4. Imagine ( have) ( get up) at 5a.m everyday?
5. Try ( forget) it. It isn't worth( worry) about.
6. He postponed ( make) a decision till it too late (do) anything.
7. I tried( expalin) to him, but he refused ( listen) and went on( grumble)
8. I suggest( telephone) the hospital before ( ask) the police ( look) for him.
9. he remembered ( pass) on most of the imformation, but omitted ( mention) one or two of the most important
facts.
10.would you mind ( lend) me some money? I need( buy) a pen.
III: Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
1. The film star wore dark glasses so that no one would recognize him.
The film star avoided
2. I felt it had been a mistake to write that letter./ I regretted
3. " if I were you, I wouldn't trust him'/ She advised
4. I was going to leave, but because of what she said, I didn't/ She persuaded
5. Ha was sorry he hadn't said goodbye to his friend./ Ha regretted
6. she admitted that she had taken the necklace/ She admitted
7. " why don't we share the cost? said my friend/ My friend suggested
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1, 2, 3
1. Điều kiện loại 1 :
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)

MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Present
If + S + V-e/es
S + don’t / doesn’t + Vinf
Simple Future
, S + will + Vinf
S + will not + Vinf
Will + S + Vinf…?
Dạng bài tập : V(inf)… + or + Clause (Simple Future)
= Unless you + V(inf)… , Clause (Simple Future)
= If you don’t + V(inf)… , Clause (Simple Future)
Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam.= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.
= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.
Cut your hair or they won’t let you in.
= Unless you cut your hair , they won’t let you in.
= If you don’t cut your hair, they won’t let you in.
Ghi chú :
- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)
2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :
TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II
If + S + were
S + V-ed/2
S + didn’t + Vinf
S + would / could + V(inf)
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf)
Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ?
III

If + S + had + V-ed/3
S + hadn’t + V-ed/3
S + would / could have + V-ed/3
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3
Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…?
Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại
Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ
Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu. Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định
+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân
+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Because + nguyên nhân So + kết quả
Therefore
As a result
That’s why
=> Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả)
Lưu ý : + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2
+ Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3
+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu điều
kiện phải ở dạng phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu.
Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)
= If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train
They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)
= If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping.
She sat up late. That’s why she was ill. (tình huống quá khứ  loại 3)
= If she hadn’t sat up late, she wouldn’t have been ill.
Ghi chú : Vì theo sau “Because of” là một cụm danh từ nên ta phải biến đổi cụm danh từ này thành mệnh đề
trước khi đưa vào mệnh đề If.
Ví dụ : He doesn’t go to school because of his illness. (his illness = he is ill)
= If he weren’t ill, he would go to school.
Bài tập

I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that needs correcting
in each sentence below:
1. If they have time in the weekend, they will come to see us.
A B C D
2. If we sneak out quietly, nobody notice.
A B C D
3. If we knew about your problem, we would have helped you.
A B C D
4. If I am you, I would not buy that dress.
A B C D
5. We would have arrived earlier if we not missed the bus.
A B C D
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
question below.
6. If I had time, I _____________ shopping with you.
A. went B. will go C. would go D. would have gone
7. If you ________ English, you will get along with them perfectly.
A. can speak B. had spoken C. speaks D. spoke
8. If they had gone for a walk, they _________ the lights off.
A. had turned B. would have turn C. would have turned D. would turn
9. If she ___________ to see us, we will go to the zoo.
A. came B. come C. comes D. is coming
10. I would have told you, if I ________ him.
A. had meet B. had met C. meet D. met
11. Would you mind if I _________ the window?
A. close B. closing C. had closed D. would close
12. If they _______ me, I wouldn't have said no.
A. had invited B. invited C. invite D. would have invited
13. My friend _______ me at the station if he gets the afternoon off.
A. meets B. will meet C. would have met D. would meet

14. If I ________ it, nobody would do it.
A. did B. didn’t do C. do D. don’t do
15. If my father ________ me up, I'll take the bus home.
A. doesn’t pick B. don’t pick C. not pick D. picks
16. If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life _______ complete.
A. will be not B. will not be C. would not be D. would not have been
17. Okay, I ________ the popcorn if you buy the drinks.
A. bought B. buy C. will buy D. would buy
18. She _______ out with you if you had only asked her.
A. will go B. would go C. would had gone D. would have gone
19. If you had tried your best, you _______ disappointed about the result now.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. wouldn’t have D. wouldn’t have been
20. I would not have read your diary if you ______ it in such an obvious place.
A. didn’t hide B. hadn’t hid C. hadn’t hidden D. not hid
21. If I had enough money, ___________.
A. I will buy that house B. I’d have bought that house
C. I could buy that house D. I can buy that house
22. ___________ if you take a map.
A. You will get lost B. You won’t get lost
C. You would get lost D. You would have got lost
23. We would save thousands of lives if ________________.
A. we found the remedy for the flu B. we had not found the remedy for the flu C. we find the remedy
for the flu D. we’ll find the remedy for the flu
24. I’ll help you if __________________.
A. you told me the truth B. you tell me the truth
C. you will tell me the truth D. you have told me the truth
25. I wouldn’t have got wet ____.
A. if I had an umbrella with me. B. if I had had an umbrella with me
C. Unless I had had an umbrella with me D. in case I had an umbrella with me
26. _____________ , he would not have had the accident yesterday.

A. If Peter driven more carefully B. If had Peter driven more carefully
C. Had Peter driven more carefully D. Unless Peter had driven more carefully
27. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.
A. If I listened to him, I would have succeed.
B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.
C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.
D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.
28. If he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again.
A. Unless he apologizes, then I will never invite him here again.
B. Unless he apologizes, or I will never invite him here again.
C. Unless he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again.
D. Unless he apologizes, I will never invite him here again.
29. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you.
A. If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you.
B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I would meet you.
C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning.
D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning.
PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED
Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ
-p, -pe / p /
/ s /
Stops, hopes, develops, copes
-t, -te / t / Bats , hats, hates, writes
-k, -ke / k / Books, looks, breaks, makes
-gh, -ph / f / Laughs, photographs
-th
/ θ /
Lengths, deaths
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s /
/ iz /

Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses
-se / z / Uses (v), browses
-sh
/ ∫ /
Washes, smashes
-ge / dz / Languages, bridges, ranges
-ch / ʧ / Watches, matches, catches
Trường hợp còn lại / z / Pens, tables, disappears
Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ
-d, -de / d / / id / Decided, needed
-t, -te / t / Wanted, dedicated
-k, -ke / k /
/ t /
Looked, caked,
-gh, -ph / f / Laughed, paragraphed
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s / Mixed, missed, pronounced
-p, -pe / p / Dropped, developed, roped
-sh / ∫ / Established, finished
-ch / ʧ / Scratched, stretched
Trường hợp còn lại và các nguyên âm / d / Used (v), prepared, cleaned,
stayed
Eg: A. school B. Christmas C. chemistry D. chat
/k/ /k/ /k/ /ch/
TAG QUESTIONS (QUESTION TAGS).
CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
I. Câu hỏi đuôi được thêm vào cuối một câu sau dấu “phảy”.
Trong câu hỏi đuôi chúng ta sử dụng trợ động từ được rút gọn triệt để ở thể phủ định.
THE GENERAL FORM OF THE TAG QUESTIONS
*Nếu câu khẳng định (Positive sentence) thì trợ động từ ở phần đuôi phủ định (negative tag).
EX:

He will be here soon, won’t he?
They were very angry , weren’t they?
You watched TV lastnight, didn’t you?
*Nếu câu phủ định (negative sentence) ,trợ động từ ở phần đuôi khẳng định(positive tag).
EX: He won’t be late , will he?
They don’t like us, do they?
It isn’t your bag, is it?
II. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt :
Câu đề nghị: Let’s +(not) + V …, shall we?
Let’s listen to some music, shall we?
Câu mệnh lệnh: Do/don’t do smt, will you?
Open the door , will you?
Don’t be late, will you?
Câu mệnh lệnh :nhắc nhở nguy hiểm sẽ sảy ra dùng (won
’
t you).
Be careful with that dog, won
’
t you ?
Keep your throat warm, won
’
t you?
Don
’
t forget to check it, won
’
t you?
Câu: I am …, aren’t I? => I’m late, aren’t I ?
Trong phần câu dẫn có các từ mang nghĩa phủ định: never, seldom, rarely (hiếm khi), hardly (khó mà),
nobody, none = no one, nothing, no, neither thì phần đuôi phải ở thể khẳng định

EX: She never gets angry, does she?
No salt is allowed, is it? (Đại từ thay thế cho danh từ không đếm được là “it”)
Trong phần câu dẫn chủ ngữ là các từ: everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, someone,
somebody, everyone, everybody…(chỉ người).thì ở phần đuôi ta dùng đại từ “they”
Someone tasted my coffee, didn’t they?
Trong phần câu dẫn chủ ngữ là nothing, something, everything, this, that thì ở phần đuôi ta dùng đại
từ “it”. Everything will be all right, won’t it?
Nếu tân ngữ là các đại từ tân ngữ phủ định: nothing, nobody, no one, none of them) thì phần đuôi ở
khắng định
You like nobody here, do you? / She met no one at the party, did she?
The teacher had no book, did he?
Nếu trong phần câu dẫn có sử dụng tính từ phủ định: few, little thì phần đuôi ở khẳng định.
She eats little rice today, does she? / She bought few books, does she?
Nếu trong phần câu dẫn có sử dụng động từ phủ định thì phần đuôi ở khẳng định.
Deny doing smt. / Refuse to do smt. / Fail to do smt
She denies stealing your money, does she?
This/that is …, isn
’
t it ? / There is…,… isn
’
t there ? / One…, … one.
I think/believe/suppose that + S + V,… S?
Affirmative statement, + Negative tag?
Positive sentence, + negative tag
Negative statement, + Affirmative tag?
Negative sentence, + positive tag
It is a pity that + clause, isn
’
t it ? / It is time for smo to do smt, isn
’

t i t?
It is time smo did smt, isn
’
t i t?/ S + ought to + V, shouldn
’
t + S?
Clever boys need never work hard, need they?
What a stupid man, isn
’
t he ? / What a beautiful cat, isn
’
t it ?
You think you will be able to do it well, don
’
t y ou?
She said that she was good at English, didn
’
t she ?
SOME SPECIAL CASES IN PASSIVE VOICE
VÀI TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Dạng động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs)
Modal verbs (can / may / should / ought to…) + be + P.P
Ex: We should encourage her to take that job.
→ She should be encouraged to take that job.
They ought to send us the application form.
→ The application form ought to be sent to us.
2. Dạng động từ nguyên mẫu: to be + P.P
Ex: She wishes them to inform the news.
→ She wishes to be informed the news.
3. Dạng V-ing: being + P.P

Ex: I like being invited to parties.
4. Dạng câu có 2 tân ngữ.
S + V + Indirect O + Direct O
Cách 1: S + be + P.P + Direct O + by O
Ex: My brother has bought me some English books.
S V In.O D.O
→ I have been bought some English books by my brother.
Cách 2 : S + be + P.P + to / for + Indirect O + by O
Ex: My brother has bought me some English books.
→ Some English books have been bought for me by my brother.
My friend told me an interesting story
→ An interesting story was told to me by my friend.
Note:
Các động từ thường đi với giới từ to là: give, send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish,
offer, …
- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ for là: buy, get, make, do, leave, save, …
5. Dạng động từ chỉ ý kiến:say, think, report, believe, rumour, …
Active: S + say / think + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …
Passive: - It + is / was + said / thought … + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …
- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to-inf … (hành động trong 2 mệnh đề xảy ra
đồng thời hoặc hành động 2 xảy ra sau)
- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to have + V3 (hành động 2 xảy ra trước)
- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to be + V-ing (hành động 2 dùng thì tiếp diễn)
Ex: People said that he had left.
→ It was said that he had left.
→ He was said to have left.
Ex: They think he is a good doctor.
→ It is thought that he is a good doctor
→ He is thought to be a good doctor.
Ex: They said that John was living in London.

→ It was said that John was living in London.
→ John was said to be living in London.
Ex: They expect that the price of oil will go down next month.
→ It is expected that the price of oil will go down next month.
→ The price of oil is expected to go down next month.
6. Dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences):
It is / was + focus + who / that + be + P.P
Who: chỉ người
That: chỉ vật, nơi chốn, thời gian
Ex: They gave Mary a lot of presents.
→ It was Mary who was given a lot of presents.
My friend sends me some flowers.
→ It is some flowers that are sent to me by my friend.
* Note:
- Get + P.P có thể dùng thay cho be + P.P trong một số trường hợp
Ex: She got impressed by his sincerity.
→ She was impressed by his sincerity.
7. Thể sai khiến, nhờ vả:
Active: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật
Acitive: S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
Passive: S + have / get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
→ I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
I get her to make some coffee.
→ I get some coffee made (by her)
8. Động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, hear, look, taste,…
Active: S + V + O + V1 / V-ing
Passive: S + be + V3 + to-inf / V-ing …
Ex: They saw her come in.
→ She was seen to come in.

They saw the lorry running down the hill.
→ The lorry was seen running down the hill.
9. Động từ let:
Active: S + let + s.o + V1 …
Passive: S + be + allowed + to-inf
Ex: He let me go. → I was allowed to go.
10. Động từ make:
Active: S + make + s.o + V1 …
Passive: S + be + made + to-inf …
Ex: My mother made me clean the room.
→ I was made to clean the room.
11. Sau “There be” có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu dạng chủ động hoặc bị động
Ex: There is a lot of work to do / to be done.
There are some letters to write / to be written.
12.
S + V + Direct Oject + To + V
(inf.)
<=> Direct Object + Be + V
3
+ To + V
(inf.)
( advise, ask , force , encourage , invite , tell , allow , convince , warn ………… )
Ex : He asked Tom to sit by me. <=> Tom was asked to sit by me.
Ex : She told him not to look for a job. <=> He was told not to look for a job.
13.
WH – WORD + [ WILL/ DOES / DO/ DID ] + S + V + O ?
<=> WH – WORD + BE + S + V
3
?
Ex : Why did you explain it ? <=> Why was it explained ?

Ex : Where will you do these exercices tomorrow ?
<=> Where will these exercises be done tomorrow ?
14.
YES – NO QUESTION : DO / DOES / DID + S + V + O ?
<=> IS / ARE / WAS / WERE + S + V
3
?
Ex : Do you solve this problem ? <=> Is this problem solved ?
Ex : Did your mother make some cakes ? <=> Were some cakes made by your mother ?
15.
5. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE : V + O + ADVERB
<=> LET + O + BE + V
3
+ ADVERB
Ex : Write your name here. <=> Let your name be written here .
Ex : Open your book now. <=> Let your book be opened now.
6. Note :